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Dubey SK, Salunkhe S, Agrawal M, Kali M, Singhvi G, Tiwari S, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Understanding the Pharmaceutical Aspects of Dendrimers for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:528-540. [PMID: 31670619 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191031092259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are emerging class of nanoparticles used in targeted drug delivery systems. These are radially symmetric molecules with well-defined, homogeneous, and monodisperse structures. Due to the nano size, they can easily cross the biological membrane and increase bioavailability. The surface functionalization facilitates targeting of the particular site of action, assists the high drug loading and improves the therapeutic efficiency of the drug. These properties make dendrimers advantageous over conventional drug delivery systems. This article explains the features of dendrimers along with their method of synthesis, such as divergent growth method, convergent growth method, double exponential and mixed method, hyper-core and branched method. Dendrimers are effectively used in anticancer delivery and can be targeted at the site of tumor either by active or passive targeting. There are three mechanisms by which drugs interact with dendrimers, and they are physical encapsulation, electrostatic interaction, chemical conjugation of drug molecules. Drug releases from dendrimer either by in vivo cleavage of the covalent bond between drugdendrimer complexes or by physical changes or stimulus like pH, temperature, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shubham Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Maithili Kali
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- UKA Tarsadia University, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat, Gujarat, 394350, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492 010, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492 010, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER GUWAHATI), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup- 781125, Guwahati (Assam), India
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Norouzi M, Amerian M, Amerian M, Atyabi F. Clinical applications of nanomedicine in cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:107-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Narmani A, Mohammadnejad J, Yavari K. Synthesis and evaluation of polyethylene glycol- and folic acid-conjugated polyamidoamine G4 dendrimer as nanocarrier. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mishra M, Kumar P, Rajawat JS, Malik R, Sharma G, Modgil A. Nanotechnology: Revolutionizing the Science of Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5086-5107. [PMID: 30727873 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190206222415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing interest in the field of nanotechnology has led to its emergence in the field of medicine too.
Nanomedicines encompass the various medical tools, diagnostic agents and the drug delivery vehicles being
evolved with the advancements in the aura of nanotechnology. This review emphasizes on providing a cursory
literature on the past events that led to the procession of nanomedicines, various novel drug delivery systems
describing their structural features along with the pros and cons associated with them and the nanodrugs that
made a move to the clinical practice. It also focuses on the need of the novel drug delivery systems and the challenges
faced by the conventional drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gitanjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Amit Modgil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Naz S, Shahzad H, Ali A, Zia M. Nanomaterials as nanocarriers: a critical assessment why these are multi-chore vanquisher in breast cancer treatment. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:899-916. [PMID: 28914553 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1375937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a group of diseases with various subtypes and leads to high mortality throughout the globe. Various conventional techniques are in practice to cure breast cancer but these techniques are linked with various shortcomings. Mostly these treatments are not site directed and cause toxicity towards normal cells. In order to overcome these issues, we need smart system that can deliver anticancer drugs to specific sites. Targeted drug delivery can be achieved via passive or active drug delivery using nanocarriers. This mode of drug delivery is more effective against breast cancer and may help in the reduction of mortality rate. Potentially used nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery belong to organic and inorganic molecules. Various FDA approved nano products are in use to cure breast cancer. However, body's defense system is main limitation for potential use of nano systems. However, this can be overcome by surface modification of nanocarriers. In this review, breast cancer and its types, targeted drug delivery and nanocarriers used to cure breast cancer are discussed. By progressing nanotechnology, we will be able to fight against this life threatening issue and serve the humanity, which is the basic aim of scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Naz
- a Department of Biotechnology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Hira Shahzad
- b Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Attarad Ali
- a Department of Biotechnology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- a Department of Biotechnology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
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Kesharwani P, Jain A, Jain A, Jain AK, Garg NK, Tekade RK, Raj Singh TR, Iyer AK. Cationic bovine serum albumin (CBA) conjugated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles for extended delivery of methotrexate into brain tumors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for the treatment of brain tumors have been hindered primarily by the presence of the highly lipophilic, insurmountable blood–brain barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kesharwani
- The International Medical University
- School of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Ashay Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Dr Hari Singh Gour University
- Sagar
- India
| | - Atul Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Dr Hari Singh Gour University
- Sagar
- India
| | - Amit K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Dr Hari Singh Gour University
- Sagar
- India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Dr Hari Singh Gour University
- Sagar
- India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Ahmedabad-380054
- India
| | | | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
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Smith JA, Leonardi T, Huang B, Iraci N, Vega B, Pluchino S. Extracellular vesicles and their synthetic analogues in aging and age-associated brain diseases. Biogerontology 2015; 16:147-85. [PMID: 24973266 PMCID: PMC4578234 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms rely upon diverse and complex intercellular communications networks for a myriad of physiological processes. Disruption of these processes is implicated in the onset and propagation of disease and disorder, including the mechanisms of senescence at both cellular and organismal levels. In recent years, secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a particularly novel vector by which cell-to-cell communications are enacted. EVs actively and specifically traffic bioactive proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites between cells at local and systemic levels, modulating cellular responses in a bidirectional manner under both homeostatic and pathological conditions. EVs are being implicated not only in the generic aging process, but also as vehicles of pathology in a number of age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative and disease. Thus, circulating EVs-or specific EV cargoes-are being utilised as putative biomarkers of disease. On the other hand, EVs, as targeted intercellular shuttles of multipotent bioactive payloads, have demonstrated promising therapeutic properties, which can potentially be modulated and enhanced through cellular engineering. Furthermore, there is considerable interest in employing nanomedicinal approaches to mimic the putative therapeutic properties of EVs by employing synthetic analogues for targeted drug delivery. Herein we describe what is known about the origin and nature of EVs and subsequently review their putative roles in biology and medicine (including the use of synthetic EV analogues), with a particular focus on their role in aging and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
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8
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Subuddhi U, Vuram PK, Chadha A, Mishra AK. Disaggregation induced solvatochromic switch: a study of dansylated polyglycerol dendrons in binary solvent mixture. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 128:351-356. [PMID: 24681319 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A reversal in solvatochromic behaviour was observed in second and third generation glycerol based dansylated polyether dendrons in water on addition of a second solvent like methanol or acetonitrile. Below a certain percentage of the nonaqueous solvent there is a negative-solvatochromism observed and above that there is a switch to positive-solvatochromism. The negative-solvatochromism is attributed to the progressive disaggregation of the dendron aggregates by the nonaqueous solvent component. Once the disaggregation process is complete, positive-solvatochromism is exhibited by the dendron monomers. Higher the hydrophobicity of the dendron more is the amount of the second solvent required for disaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usharani Subuddhi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Prasanna K Vuram
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Anju Chadha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and National Center for Catalysis Research, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Ashok K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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10
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Mattheolabakis G, Rigas B, Constantinides PP. Nanodelivery strategies in cancer chemotherapy: biological rationale and pharmaceutical perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1577-90. [PMID: 23148540 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is revolutionizing our approach to drug delivery, a key determinant of drug efficacy. Here, we present cancer drug delivery strategies that exploit nanotechnology, providing first an overview of tumor biology aspects that critically affect the design of drug delivery carriers, namely the enhanced permeability and retention effect, the lower tumor extracellular pH and tumor-specific antigens. In general, nanoscience-based approaches have circumvented limitations in the delivery of cancer therapeutics, related to their poor aqueous solubility and toxicity issues with conventional vehicles and resulted in improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Included in the discussion are promising examples and pharmaceutical perspectives on liposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and magnetic nanoparticles. As the cardinal features of the ideal multifunctional cancer drug nanocarrier are becoming clear, and drug development challenges are proactively addressed, we anticipate that future advances will enhance therapeutic outcomes by refining the delivery and targeting of complex payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mattheolabakis
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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11
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Ishtaiwi Z, Rüffer T, Hildebrandt A, Awwadi FF, Hahn H, Abylaikhan A, Taher D, Siegert U, Walfort B, Lang H. Allyl‐End‐Grafted Carbosilane Dendrimers Based on 1,4‐Phenylene Units: Synthesis, Reactivity, Structure, and Bonding Motifs. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakariyya Ishtaiwi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Firas F. Awwadi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Harald Hahn
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Akerke Abylaikhan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Deeb Taher
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Uwe Siegert
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Bernhard Walfort
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
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12
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Mignani S, Majoral JP. Dendrimers as macromolecular tools to tackle from colon to brain tumor types: a concise overview. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bielawski K, Bielawska A, Muszyńska A, Popławska B, Czarnomysy R. Cytotoxic activity of G3 PAMAM-NH₂ dendrimer-chlorambucil conjugate in human breast cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:364-372. [PMID: 22004955 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of a novel G3 PAMAM-NH(2) dendrimer-chlorambucil conjugate employing a MTT assay and inhibition of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells demonstrated that the conjugate was more potent antiproliferative agent than chlorambucil. It was found that dendrimer-chlorambucil conjugate was more active inhibitor of collagen biosynthesis than chlorambucil. Our experiments carried out with flow cytometry assessment of annexin V binding and fluorescent microscopy assay revealed that PAMAM-CH conjugate inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-231 malignant cells by increasing the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells. The apoptotic effect of PAMAM-CH conjugate was found to be stronger than that caused by chlorambucil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
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Zhao C, Wang Y, Su Y, Zhang H, Ding L, Yan X, Zhao D, Shao N, Ye X, Cheng Y. Inclusion complexes of isoflavones with two commercially available dendrimers: Solubility, stability, structures, release behaviors, cytotoxicity, and anti-oxidant activities. Int J Pharm 2011; 421:301-9. [PMID: 22001794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We prepared and characterized the inclusion complexes of daidzein with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers. Aqueous solubility of daidzein was significantly enhanced by both PAMAM and PPI (186- and 650-fold at 0.36mM, respectively). Daidzein in G3 PAMAM solution is more stable than that in G4 PPI. NMR studies reveal the encapsulation of daidzein within the interior cavities of PPI through hydrophobic interactions. Daidzein exhibits a slower release behavior from PPI than that from PAMAM. PPI/daidzein complex is much more toxic than PAMAM/daidzein complex on several cell lines. PAMAM/daidzein complexes showed similar protective effect on oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity as compared to free daidzein. These results suggest that the inclusion of daidzein with dendrimer can effectively improve the solubility, prolong the delivery, and maintain the anti-oxidant activity of daidzein. This research provides new insights into dendrimer-based drug delivery systems and will be helpful for the design of novel dendrimer/drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
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Agarwal A, Agrawal H, Tiwari S, Jain S, Agrawal GP. Cationic ligand appended nanoconstructs: a prospective strategy for brain targeting. Int J Pharm 2011; 421:189-201. [PMID: 21986113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present research was to evaluate the potential of engineered solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as vectors to bypass the blood brain barrier. Anti-cancer agent, doxorubicin (DOX) loaded SLNs were prepared and conjugated with cationic bovine serum albumin (CBSA). The formation of CBSA tethered and plain SLNs were characterized by FTIR, NMR, and TEM analyses. Physicochemical parameters such as particle size/polydispersity index and zeta-potential were also determined. Cellular uptake studies on HNGC-1 cell lines depicted almost six times enhanced uptake of ligand conjugated SLNs as compared to plain DOX solution. Furthermore, CBSA conjugated formulation was more cytotoxic as compared to free drug or unconjugated SLNs. Transendothelial studies showed maximum transcytosis ability of CBSA conjugated SLNs across brain capillary endothelial cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic parameters and biodistribution pattern demonstrated efficiency of the system for spatial and temporal delivery of DOX to brain tissues. Lastly, hematological, nephrotoxic as well as hepatotoxic data suggested CBSA conjugated formulations to be less immunogenic compared to plain formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Agarwal
- Pharmaceutics Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S Gour University, Sagar 470003, MP, India
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16
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Alcala MA, Shade CM, Uh H, Kwan SY, Bischof M, Thompson ZP, Gogick KA, Meier AR, Strein TG, Bartlett DL, Modzelewski RA, Lee YJ, Petoud S, Brown CK. Preferential accumulation within tumors and in vivo imaging by functionalized luminescent dendrimer lanthanide complexes. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9343-52. [PMID: 21925728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have created a dendrimer complex suitable for preferential accumulation within liver tumors and luminescence imaging by substituting thirty-two naphthalimide fluorophores on the surface of the dendrimer and incorporating eight europium cations within the branches. We demonstrate the utility and performance of this luminescent dendrimer complex to detect hepatic tumors generated via direct subcapsular implantation or via splenic injections of colorectal cancer cells (CC531) into WAG/RijHsd rats. Luminescence imaging of the tumors after injection of the dendrimer complex via hepatic arterial infusion revealed that the dendrimer complex can preferentially accumulate within liver tumors. Further investigation indicated that dendrimer luminescence in hepatic tumors persisted in vivo. Due to the incorporation of lanthanide cations, this luminescence agent presents a strong resistance against photobleaching. These studies show the dendrimer complex has great potential to serve as an innovative accumulation and imaging agent for the detection of metastatic tumors in our rat hepatic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Alcala
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kumar J, Bousquet A, Stenzel MH. Thiol-alkyne Chemistry for the Preparation of Micelles with Glycopolymer Corona: Dendritic Surfaces versus Linear Glycopolymer in Their Ability to Bind to Lectins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1620-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Barreto JA, O'Malley W, Kubeil M, Graham B, Stephan H, Spiccia L. Nanomaterials: applications in cancer imaging and therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:H18-40. [PMID: 21433100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials (NMs) in biomedicine is increasing rapidly and offers excellent prospects for the development of new non-invasive strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this review, we provide a brief description of cancer pathology and the characteristics that are important for tumor-targeted NM design, followed by an overview of the different types of NMs explored to date, covering synthetic aspects and approaches explored for their application in unimodal and multimodal imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Significant synthetic advances now allow for the preparation of NMs with highly controlled geometry, surface charge, physicochemical properties, and the decoration of their surfaces with polymers and bioactive molecules in order to improve biocompatibility and to achieve active targeting. This is stimulating the development of a diverse range of nanometer-sized objects that can recognize cancer tissue, enabling visualization of tumors, delivery of anti-cancer drugs and/or the destruction of tumors by different therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Barreto
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Beigi M, Ricken S, Müller KS, Koç F, Eilbracht P. Convergent Synthesis of Polynitrile and/or Polyamine Dendrimers through Hydroaminomethylation and Michael Addition. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yadav AK, Agarwal A, Rai G, Mishra P, Jain S, Mishra AK, Agrawal H, Agrawal GP. Development and characterization of hyaluronic acid decorated PLGA nanoparticles for delivery of 5-fluorouracil. Drug Deliv 2011; 17:561-72. [PMID: 20738221 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2010.500635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed to develop and explore the prospective of engineered PLGA nanoparticles as vehicles for targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Nanoparticles of 5-FU-loaded hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (HA-PEG-PLGA-FU) copolymer were prepared and characterized by FTIR, NMR, transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, DSC, and X-ray diffractometer measurement studies. The nanoparticulate formulation was evaluated for in vitro release, hemolytic toxicity, and hematological toxicity. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cell lines using MTT cell proliferation assay. Biodistribution studies of 99m Tc labeled formulation were conducted on EAT-bearing mice. The in vivo tumor inhibition study was also performed after i.v. administration of HA-PEG-PLGA-FU nanoparticles. The HA conjugated formulation was found to be less hemolytic but more cytotoxic as compared to free drug. The hematological data suggested that HA-PEG-PLGA-FU formulation was less immunogenic compared to plain drug. The tissue distribution studies displayed that HA-PEG-PLGA-FU were able to deliver a higher concentration of 5-FU in the tumor mass. In addition, the HA-PEG-PLGA-FU nanoparticles reduced tumor volume significantly in comparison with 5-FU. Thus, it was concluded that the conjugation of HA imparts targetability to the formulation, and enhanced permeation and retention effect ruled out its access to the non-tumor tissues, at the same time favored selective entry in tumors, thereby reducing the side-effects both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awesh K Yadav
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, India
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21
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Photophysical investigation of microenvironment in glycerol based dansylated polyether dendrons. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fabrication of Dendrimers Toward Biological Application. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:101-40. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shen Y, Zhou Z, Sui M, Tang J, Xu P, Kirk EAV, Murdoch WJ, Fan M, Radosz M. Charge-reversal polyamidoamine dendrimer for cascade nuclear drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:1205-17. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with primary amine termini have been extensively explored as drug and gene carriers owing to their unique properties, but their amine-carried cationic charges cause nonspecific cellular uptakes, systemic toxicity and other severe problems in in vivo applications. Method: In this article, we report a charge-reversal approach that latently deactivates PAMAM’s primary amines to negatively charged acid-labile amides in order to inhibit its nonspecific interaction with cells, but regenerates the active PAMAM once in acidic environments. Results: A cascade cancer cell nuclear drug delivery was achieved using the latently amidized PAMAM as the carrier conjugated with folic acid as the targeting group and a DNA-toxin drug camptothecin. The conjugate had low nonspecific interactions with cells, but easily entered cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the endocytosed conjugate was transferred to acidic lysosomes, wherein the active PAMAM carrier was regenerated, escaped from the lysosome and then entered the nucleus for drug release. Conclusion: This reversible deactivation/activation makes PAMAM dendrimers useful nanocarriers for in vivo cancer cell nuclear-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Meihua Sui
- Center for Bionanoengineering & Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Center for Bionanoengineering & Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Edward A Van Kirk
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - William J Murdoch
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Maohong Fan
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Maciej Radosz
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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Jain A, Agarwal A, Majumder S, Lariya N, Khaya A, Agrawal H, Majumdar S, Agrawal GP. Mannosylated solid lipid nanoparticles as vectors for site-specific delivery of an anti-cancer drug. J Control Release 2010; 148:359-67. [PMID: 20854859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the tumor targeting potential of surface tailored solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with an anti-cancer drug doxorubicin HCl (DOX). DOX encapsulating SLNs were prepared, characterized and further mannosylated. The developed formulations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size/polydispersity index and zeta-potential analysis. The formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release and hemolytic toxicity. The ex vivo cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies were performed on A549 cell lines. In vivo studies were conducted to determine pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution pattern and nephrotoxic/hepatotoxic effect of mannosylated SLNs. In vitro, the formulations exhibited a biphasic pattern characterized by initial rapid release of the drug followed by rather slow and prolonged release. Further, the in vitro studies depicted mannose-conjugated SLNs to be least hemolytic and suitable for sustained drug delivery. Mannosylated SLNs were most cytotoxic and were preferably taken up A549 tumor cells as evaluated against uncoated SLNs and plain DOX. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed improved bioavailability, half life and mean residence time of DOX upon mannose conjugation. The biodistribution pattern exhibited that mannosylated SLNs were able to deliver a higher concentration of DOX in the tumor mass. They were also proficient to circumvent damage to renal as well as hepatic tissues. It may therefore be interpreted that mannosylated SLNs are capable to ferry bioactives selectively and specifically to the tumor sites with the interception of minimal side effects, thereby suggesting their potential application in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashay Jain
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India
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Vuram PK, Subuddhi U, Krishnaji ST, Chadha A, Mishra AK. Synthesis and Aggregation Properties of Dansylated Glycerol-Based Amphiphilic Polyether Dendrons. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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McNerny DQ, Leroueil PR, Baker JR. Understanding specific and nonspecific toxicities: a requirement for the development of dendrimer-based pharmaceuticals. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:249-59. [PMID: 20166124 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimer conjugates for pharmaceutical development are capable of enhancing the local delivery of cytotoxic drugs. The ability to conjugate different targeting ligands to the dendrimer allows for the cytotoxic drug to be focused at the intended target cell while minimizing collateral damage in normal cells. Dendrimers offer several advantages over other polymer conjugates by creating a better defined, more monodisperse therapeutic scaffold. Toxicity from the dendrimer, targeted and nonspecific, is not only dependent upon the number of targeting and therapeutic ligands conjugated, but can be influenced by the repeating building blocks that grow the dendrimer, the dendrimer generation, as well as the surface termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Q McNerny
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Ornelas C, Broichhagen J, Weck M. Strain-promoted alkyne azide cycloaddition for the functionalization of poly(amide)-based dendrons and dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:3923-31. [PMID: 20184364 DOI: 10.1021/ja910581d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of a poly(amido)-based dendron with ethylene glycol chains (PEG) using copper-catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) afforded dendrons with significant levels of copper contaminations, preventing the use of such materials for biological applications. We suggest that the presence of amide, PEG, and triazole functional groups allows for copper complexation, thereby preventing the separation of the copper catalyst from the final dendron. To minimize this problem, synthetic variations on CuAAC including the addition of "click" additives for copper sequestering as well as the use of copper wire as the copper source were investigated. None of these strategies, however, resulted in copper-free products. In contrast, we developed a copper-free strain-promoted alkyne azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) strategy that functionalized poly(amide)-based dendrons and dendrimers with PEG chains quantitatively under mild reaction conditions without any metal contamination. The SPAAC products were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, 2D HSQC and COSY NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. This is the first report on the use of SPAAC for dendrimer functionalization, and the results obtained here show that SPAAC is an important tool to the dendrimer and more general biomaterials community for the functionalization of macromolecular structures due to the mild and metal-free reaction conditions, no side products, tolerance toward functional groups, and high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ornelas
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, USA
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Jain K, Kesharwani P, Gupta U, Jain NK. Dendrimer toxicity: Let's meet the challenge. Int J Pharm 2010; 394:122-42. [PMID: 20433913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are well-defined, versatile polymeric architecture with properties resembling biomolecules. Dendritic polymers emerged as outstanding carrier in modern medicine system because of its derivatisable branched architecture and flexibility in modifying it in numerous ways. Dendritic scaffold has been found to be suitable carrier for a variety of drugs including anticancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, antitubercular etc., with capacity to improve solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In spite of extensive applicability in pharmaceutical field, the use of dendrimers in biological system is constrained because of inherent toxicity associated with them. This toxicity is attributed to the interaction of surface cationic charge of dendrimers with negatively charged biological membranes in vivo. Interaction of dendrimers with biological membranes results in membrane disruption via nanohole formation, membrane thinning and erosion. Dendrimer toxicity in biological system is generally characterized by hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity and hematological toxicity. To minimize this toxicity two strategies have been utilized; first, designing and synthesis of biocompatible dendrimers; and second, masking of peripheral charge of dendrimers by surface engineering. Biocompatible dendrimers can be synthesized by employing biodegradable core and branching units or utilizing intermediates of various metabolic pathways. Dendrimer biocompatibility has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo for efficient presentation of biological performance. Surface engineering masks the cationic charge of dendrimer surface either by neutralization of charge, for example PEGylation, acetylation, carbohydrate and peptide conjugation; or by introducing negative charge such as half generation dendrimers. Neutral and negatively charged dendrimers do not interact with biological environment and hence are compatible for clinical applications as elucidated by various studies examined in this review. Chemical modification of the surface is an important strategy to overcome the toxicity problems associated with the dendrimers. The present review emphasizes on the approaches available to overcome the cationic toxicity inherently associated with the dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Jain
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University Sagar (M.P.) 470003 India
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Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of G3 PAMAM-NH2 dendrimer-modified digoxin and proscillaridin A conjugates in breast cancer cells. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:414-23. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Appelhans D, Oertel U, Mazzeo R, Komber H, Hoffmann J, Weidner S, Brutschy B, Voit B, Francesca Ottaviani M. Dense-shell glycodendrimers: UV/Vis and electron paramagnetic resonance study of metal ion complexation. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2009.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of dendritic metal ion carrier systems for use in a biological environment is a challenging task as the carrier system must possess multiple features (e.g. a protective shell for metal decomplexation, targeting functions, metal–intradendrimer complexes, etc.) to substitute for the function of metal proteins in processes such as copper metabolism. Thus, Cu(II) complexation by a series of poly(propyleneimine) glycodendrimers ranging up to the fifth generation that have either a dense maltose or maltotriose shell was investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). As a necessary step towards potential biological application, we elucidated the complexation capacity, location of the Cu(II)–dendrimer complexes and the Cu(II) coordination sphere in the dendritic environment. A generation-dependent Cu(II) complexation was found. Furthermore, analysis of the EPR spectra revealed that internal and external Cu(II) coordination and the symmetry (axial and rhombic) of the generated complexes depend on the oligosaccharide shell, dendrimer generation and the relative concentrations of Cu(II) and the dendrimers. Both axial and rhombic symmetries are generation dependent, but also distort with increasing generation number. External coordination of Cu(II) is supported by sugar groups and water molecules. Finally, a third-generation dendrimer with a maltose shell was used to explore the general complexation behaviour of the dendritic poly(propyleneimine) scaffold towards different metal ions [Cu(II), Ag(I), VO(IV), Ni(II), Eu(III) and UO
2
(VI)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Oertel
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberto Mazzeo
- Department of Geological Sciences, Chemical and Environmental Technologies, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Hoffmann
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Steffen Weidner
- Division I.3 Structure Analysis: Polymer Analysis, BAM—Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brutschy
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Geological Sciences, Chemical and Environmental Technologies, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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Rosenfeldt S, Ballauff M, Lindner P, Harnau L. Structure and interaction of flexible dendrimers in concentrated solution. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:244901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rolland O, Turrin CO, Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Dendrimers and nanomedicine: multivalency in action. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b901054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen G, Kumar J, Gregory A, Stenzel MH. Efficient synthesis of dendrimers via a thiol–yne and esterification process and their potential application in the delivery of platinum anti-cancer drugs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:6291-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b910340f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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