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Chavda VP, Balar PC, Bezbaruah R, Vaghela DA, Rynjah D, Bhattacharjee B, Sugandhi VV, Paiva-Santos AC. Nanoemulsions: Summary of a Decade of Research and Recent Advances. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:519-536. [PMID: 38293801 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsions consist of a combination of several components such as oil, water, emulsifiers, surfactants and cosurfactants. Various techniques for producing nanoemulsions include high-energy and low-energy approaches such as high-pressure homogenization, microfluidization, jet disperser and phase inversion methods. The properties of a formulation can be influenced by elements such as the composition, concentration, size and charge of droplets, which in turn can affect the technique of manufacture. Characterization is conducted by the assessment of several factors such as physical properties, pH analysis, viscosity measurement and refractive index determination. This article offers a thorough examination of the latest developments in nanoemulsion technology, with a focus on their wide-ranging applications and promising future possibilities. It also discusses the administration of nanoemulsions through several methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India, 380009
| | - Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India, 380009
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Institute of Pharmacy, Assam Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India
| | - Dixa A Vaghela
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India, 380009
| | - Damanbhalang Rynjah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science - Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, 784501, India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science - Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, 784501, India
| | - Vrashabh V Sugandhi
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, 3000-370
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, 3000-548
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De Martini LB, Sulmona C, Brambilla L, Rossi D. Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Valuable Tools for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Biological Drugs. Cells 2023; 12:1643. [PMID: 37371113 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their high specificity toward the target and their low toxicity, biological drugs have been successfully employed in a wide range of therapeutic areas. It is yet to be mentioned that biologics exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, are susceptible to degradation by endogenous enzymes, and cannot penetrate biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (i.e., the major impediment to reaching the central nervous system (CNS)). Attempts to overcome these issues have been made by exploiting the intracerebroventricular and intrathecal routes of administration. The invasiveness and impracticality of these procedures has, however, prompted the development of novel drug delivery strategies including the intranasal route of administration. This represents a non-invasive way to achieve the CNS, reducing systemic exposure. Nonetheless, biotherapeutics strive to penetrate the nasal epithelium, raising the possibility that direct delivery to the nervous system may not be straightforward. To maximize the advantages of the intranasal route, new approaches have been proposed including the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and CPP-functionalized nanosystems. This review aims at describing the most impactful attempts in using CPPs as carriers for the nose-to-brain delivery of biologics by analyzing their positive and negative aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Benedetta De Martini
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri-IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Sulmona
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri-IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Liliana Brambilla
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri-IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri-IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Nose-to-Brain Targeting via Nanoemulsion: Significance and Evidence. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids7010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Non-invasive and patient-friendly nose-to-brain pathway is the best-suited route for brain delivery of therapeutics as it bypasses the blood–brain barrier. The intranasal pathway (olfactory and trigeminal nerves) allows the entry of various bioactive agents, delivers a wide array of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, and circumvents the hepatic first-pass effect, thus targeting neurological diseases in both humans and animals. The olfactory and trigeminal nerves make a bridge between the highly vascularised nasal cavity and brain tissues for the permeation and distribution, thus presenting a direct pathway for the entry of therapeutics into the brain. Materials: This review portrays insight into recent research reports (spanning the last five years) on the nanoemulsions developed for nose-to-brain delivery of actives for the management of a myriad of neurological disorders, namely, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia, cerebral ischemia and brain tumours. The information and data are collected and compiled from more than one hundred Scopus- and PubMed-indexed articles. Conclusions: The olfactory and trigeminal pathways facilitate better biodistribution and bypass BBB issues and, thus, pose as a possible alternative route for the delivery of hydrophobic, poor absorption and enzyme degradative therapeutics. Exploring these virtues, intranasal nanoemulsions have proven to be active, non-invasiveand safe brain-targeting cargos for the alleviation of the brain and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Apeldoorn S, Chavez R, Haschemi F, Elsherif K, Weinstein D, Torrico T. Worsening psychosis associated with administrations of buspirone and concerns for intranasal administration: A case report. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1129489. [PMID: 36873224 PMCID: PMC9981973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1129489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Buspirone is commonly used to treat generalized anxiety disorder and demonstrates a limited side-effect profile compared to other anxiolytics. Buspirone is considered generally safe, and neuropsychiatric adverse reactions are uncommon. There are rare clinical case reports that suggest buspirone-induced psychosis. We present a case of buspirone worsening psychosis for a patient psychiatrically hospitalized for an episode of decompensated schizoaffective disorder. The patient had a primary diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder and was treated with antipsychotics during this hospitalization, but his symptoms worsened when buspirone was administered on two separate occasions. During the first trial of buspirone, the patient exhibited traits of increased aggression, odd behaviors, and paranoia. The buspirone was discontinued after the patient admitted to hiding his pills to later consume through nasal ingestion. The second trial resulted in repeated exacerbated symptoms of paranoia related to food and substantially decreased oral intake. Considering its complex mechanism of action, buspirone is suggested to derive its neuropharmacological effects through 5-HT1A receptors. However, the drug also has been found to mediate dopamine neurotransmission. Buspirone acts as an antagonist at presynaptic dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptors. Yet, contrary to expected outcomes, it was unable to produce antipsychotic effects and instead resulted in a substantial increase in dopaminergic metabolites. The route of administration may also play a role in the enhancement of the buspirone's effects, particularly considering that after first-pass metabolism, buspirone has approximately 4% oral bioavailability. Intranasal administration of buspirone leads to faster drug absorption by direct transport from the nasal mucosa to the brain and increased bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Chavez
- School of Medicine, American University of the Caribbean, Miramar, FL, United States
| | | | - Kareem Elsherif
- School of Medicine, Ross University, Miramar, FL, United States
| | - David Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA-Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA, United States
| | - Tyler Torrico
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA-Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA, United States.,American Psychiatric Association, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Minority Fellowship, Washington, DC, United States
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Tripathi D, Sonar PK, Parashar P, Chaudhary SK, Upadhyay S, Saraf SK. Augmented Brain Delivery of Cinnarizine Through Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Loaded in situ Gel: in vitro and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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France CP, Ahern GP, Averick S, Disney A, Enright HA, Esmaeli-Azad B, Federico A, Gerak LR, Husbands SM, Kolber B, Lau EY, Lao V, Maguire DR, Malfatti MA, Martinez G, Mayer BP, Pravetoni M, Sahibzada N, Skolnick P, Snyder EY, Tomycz N, Valdez CA, Zapf J. Countermeasures for Preventing and Treating Opioid Overdose. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:578-590. [PMID: 33113208 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The only medication available currently to prevent and treat opioid overdose (naloxone) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nearly 50 years ago. Because of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, naloxone has limited utility under some conditions and would not be effective to counteract mass casualties involving large-scale deployment of weaponized synthetic opioids. To address shortcomings of current medical countermeasures for opioid toxicity, a trans-agency scientific meeting was convened by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health (NIAID/NIH) on August 6 and 7, 2019, to explore emerging alternative approaches for treating opioid overdose in the event of weaponization of synthetic opioids. The meeting was initiated by the Chemical Countermeasures Research Program (CCRP), was organized by NIAID, and was a collaboration with the National Institute on Drug Abuse/NIH (NIDA/NIH), the FDA, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA). This paper provides an overview of several presentations at that meeting that discussed emerging new approaches for treating opioid overdose, including the following: (1) intranasal nalmefene, a competitive, reversible opioid receptor antagonist with a longer duration of action than naloxone; (2) methocinnamox, a novel opioid receptor antagonist; (3) covalent naloxone nanoparticles; (4) serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonists; (5) fentanyl-binding cyclodextrin scaffolds; (6) detoxifying biomimetic "nanosponge" decoy receptors; and (7) antibody-based strategies. These approaches could also be applied to treat opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P France
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Research, Treatment and Training Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex Disney
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Babak Esmaeli-Azad
- CellCure (Stem Cell Division of CiBots, Inc.), San Diego, California, USA
| | - Arianna Federico
- CellCure (Stem Cell Division of CiBots, Inc.), San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lisa R Gerak
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Research, Treatment and Training Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Edmond Y Lau
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Victoria Lao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - David R Maguire
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Research, Treatment and Training Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Girardo Martinez
- CellCure (Stem Cell Division of CiBots, Inc.), San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brian P Mayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Phil Skolnick
- Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nestor Tomycz
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos A Valdez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Jim Zapf
- CellCure (Stem Cell Division of CiBots, Inc.), San Diego, California, USA
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Panek M, Kawalec P, Pilc A, Lasoń W. Developments in the discovery and design of intranasal antidepressants. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1145-1164. [PMID: 32567398 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1776697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression remains a major cause of morbidity worldwide; consequently, there is a need in neuropsychiatry for new antidepressants with a rapid onset of action. Intranasal administration of antidepressants is an attractive and promising approach to the treatment of mental disorders, as this route is noninvasive, offers a fast onset of action and improved drug bioavailability, allows a drug dose reduction, as well as gives the possibility to bypass the blood-brain barrier and reduce the number of systemic side effects. AREAS COVERED This review is a comprehensive discussion of the available intranasal drugs that have found application as antidepressants. The results of relevant clinical studies are presented. Additionally, the use of nanotechnology-based formulations for enhancing the intranasal delivery of antidepressants is briefly described. EXPERT OPINION Intranasal drug delivery has a huge potential for antidepressant administration, but its use in the treatment of central nervous system disorders is currently very limited. The nasal route of antidepressant delivery is noninvasive, improves drug bioavailability, as well as allows to overcome the problem with the blood-brain barrier, gastrointestinal absorption, and first-pass metabolism. In our opinion, fast-acting intranasal antidepressants will be widely used in the treatment of mental disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Panek
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture , Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Kawalec
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków, Poland.,Drug Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków, Poland.,Drug Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków, Poland
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Khallaf RA, Aboud HM, Sayed OM. Surface modified niosomes of olanzapine for brain targeting via nasal route; preparation, optimization, andin vivoevaluation. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:163-173. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1610435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Khallaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Aboud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ossama M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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9
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Evaluation of intranasal delivery route of drug administration for brain targeting. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:155-170. [PMID: 30449731 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The acute or chronic drug treatments for different neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders are challenging from several aspects. The low bioavailability and limited brain exposure of oral drugs, the rapid metabolism, elimination, the unwanted side effects and also the high dose to be added mean both inconvenience for the patients and high costs for the patients, their family and the society. The reason of low brain penetration of the compounds is that they have to overcome the blood-brain barrier which protects the brain against xenobiotics. Intranasal drug administration is one of the promising options to bypass blood-brain barrier, to reduce the systemic adverse effects of the drugs and to lower the doses to be administered. Furthermore, the drugs administered using nasal route have usually higher bioavailability, less side effects and result in higher brain exposure at similar dosage than the oral drugs. In this review the focus is on giving an overview on the anatomical and cellular structure of nasal cavity and absorption surface. It presents some possibilities to enhance the drug penetration through the nasal barrier and summarizes some in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo technologies to test the drug delivery across the nasal epithelium into the brain. Finally, the authors give a critical evaluation of the nasal route of administration showing its main advantages and limitations of this delivery route for CNS drug targeting.
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Ramreddy S, Janapareddi K. Brain targeting of chitosan-based diazepam mucoadhesive microemulsions via nasal route: formulation optimization, characterization, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:147-158. [PMID: 30230386 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1526186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of present investigation was to develop microemulsions (MEs) and mucoadhesive microemulsions (MME) of diazepam for brain uptake through nasal administration for the treatment of seizure emergency. SIGNIFICANCE Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency, requires intravenous administration of diazepam which requires hospitalization of patient. Initiation of therapy at home via nasal administration of diazepam could prevent the damage of brain due to delay of therapy initiation. METHODS Diazepam MEs were prepared by phase titration method, optimized by using Box-Behnken design. The influence of independent variables oleic acid, surfactant mixture (tween 80:propylene glycol), and water on dependent variables size, flux, and zeta potential was investigated. Optimized MEs, MMEs, and Calmpose (i.v route) were evaluated for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on rats. RESULTS MME2 composed of oleic acid (5), surfactant mixture (50), water (45), and chitosan (0.5) showed size of 96.45 nm, PDI 0.21 and zeta potential 13.52 mV. MME2 showed significantly high flux of 846.96 ± 34 µg/cm2/h and AUCbrain 1206.49 ± 145.8. The drug targeting efficiency (314%) and direct nose-to-brain transport (68.1%) of MME2 were significantly high compared to Calmpose (i.v) and ME. The latency periods of minimal clonal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures of MME2 was significantly increased (p < 0.0001) compared to drug solution and Calmpose (i.v). CONCLUSION The brain uptake of diazepam from chitosan-based MMEs via nasal route is significantly high compared to i.v route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Ramreddy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kakatiya University , Warangal , T.S , India
| | - Krishnaveni Janapareddi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kakatiya University , Warangal , T.S , India
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Buspirone Nanovesicular Nasal System for Non-Hormonal Hot Flushes Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030082. [PMID: 29970859 PMCID: PMC6160910 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to design and characterize a new nanovesicular nasal delivery system (NDS) containing buspirone, and investigate its efficiency in an animal model for the treatment of hot flushes. The presence of multilamellar vesicles with a mean size distribution of 370 nm was evidenced by transition electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) tests. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the nasal treatment efficacy with the new system was carried out in ovariectomized (OVX) rat—an animal model for hot flushes—and compared with other treatments. We found that the nasal administration of a buspirone NDS resulted in a significant reduction in tail skin temperature (TST). This effect was not observed in the control buspirone-treated groups. Buspirone levels in the plasma and brain of nasally-treated normal rats were quantified and compared with those of rats that had received oral administration by a LC-MS/MS assay. A significantly higher bioavailability was achieved with the new treatment relative to an oral administration of the same drug dose. No pathological changes in the nasal cavity were observed following sub-chronic nasal administration of buspirone NDS. In conclusion, the data of our investigation show that buspirone in the new nanovesicular nasal carrier could be considered for further studies for the development of a treatment for the hot flushes ailment.
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Yasir M, Sara UVS, Chauhan I, Gaur PK, Singh AP, Puri D. Solid lipid nanoparticles for nose to brain delivery of donepezil: formulation, optimization by Box–Behnken design, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1394872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, India
- I.T.S. College of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Iti Chauhan
- I.T.S. College of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | | | - Dinesh Puri
- I.T.S. College of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ameeduzzafar
- College of Pharmacy, Aljouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Boche M, Pokharkar V. Quetiapine Nanoemulsion for Intranasal Drug Delivery: Evaluation of Brain-Targeting Efficiency. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:686-696. [PMID: 27207184 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the possibility of improved drug delivery of quetiapine fumarate (QTP), a nanoemulsion system was developed for intranasal delivery. Effects of different HLBs of Emalex LWIS 10, PEG 400 and Transcutol P, as co-surfactants, were studied on isotropic region of pseudoternary-phase diagrams of nanoemulsion system composed of capmul MCM (CPM) as oil phase, Tween 80 as surfactant and water. Phase behaviour, globule size, transmission electron microscope (TEM) photographs and brain-targeting efficiency of quetiapine nanoemulsion were investigated. In vitro dissolution study of optimised nanoemulsion formulation, with mean diameter 144 ± 0.5 nm, showed more than twofold increase in drug release as compared with pure drug. According to results of in vivo tissue distribution study in Wistar rats, intranasal administration of QTP-loaded nanoemulsion had shorter T max compared with that of intravenous administration. Higher drug transport efficiency (DTE%) and direct nose-to-brain drug transport (DTP%) was achieved by nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsion system may be a promising strategy for brain-targeted delivery of QTP.
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Warnken ZN, Smyth HD, Watts AB, Weitman S, Kuhn JG, Williams RO. Formulation and device design to increase nose to brain drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nour SA, Abdelmalak NS, Naguib MJ, Rashed HM, Ibrahim AB. Intranasal brain-targeted clonazepam polymeric micelles for immediate control of status epilepticus: in vitro optimization, ex vivo determination of cytotoxicity, in vivo biodistribution and pharmacodynamics studies. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3681-3695. [PMID: 27648847 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1223216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonazepam (CZ) is an anti-epileptic drug used mainly in status epilepticus (SE). The drug belongs to Class II according to BCS classification with very limited solubility and high permeability and it suffers from extensive first-pass metabolism. The aim of the present study was to develop CZ-loaded polymeric micelles (PM) for direct brain delivery allowing immediate control of SE. PM were prepared via thin film hydration (TFH) technique adopting a central composite face-centered design (CCFD). The seventeen developed formulae were evaluated in terms of entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and in vitro release. For evaluating the in vivo behavior of the optimized formula, both biodistrbution using 99mTc-radiolabeled CZ and pharmacodynamics studies were done in addition to ex vivo cytotoxicty. At a drug:Pluronic® P123:Pluronic® L121 ratio of 1:20:20 (PM7), a high EE, ZP, Q8h, and a low PDI was achieved. The biodistribution studies revealed that the optimized formula had significantly higher drug targeting efficiency (DTE = 242.3%), drug targeting index (DTI = 144.25), and nose-to-brain direct transport percentage (DTP = 99.30%) and a significant prolongation of protection from seizures in comparison to the intranasally administered solution with minor histopathological changes. The declared results reveal the ability of the developed PM to be a strong potential candidate for the emergency treatment of SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Nour
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Nevine S Abdelmalak
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Marianne J Naguib
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Hassan M Rashed
- b Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Lab. Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- b Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Lab. Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
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Shah B, Khunt D, Misra M, Padh H. Non-invasive intranasal delivery of quetiapine fumarate loaded microemulsion for brain targeting: Formulation, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic consideration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 91:196-207. [PMID: 27174656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic drug delivery in schizophrenia is a major challenge due to presence of obstacles like, blood-brain barrier and P-glycoprotein, which prohibit entry of drugs into the brain. Quetiapine fumarate (QF), a substrate to P-glycoprotein under goes extensive first pass metabolism leading to limited absorption thus necessitating frequent oral administration. The aim of this study was to develop QF based microemulsion (ME) with and without chitosan (CH) to investigate its potential use in improving the bioavailability and brain targeting efficiency following non-invasive intranasal administration. QF loaded ME and mucoadhesive ME (MME) showed globule size, pH and viscosity in the range of 29-47nm, 5.5-6.5 and 17-40cP respectively. CH-ME with spherical globules having mean size of 35.31±1.71nm, pH value of 5.61±0.16 showed highest ex-vivo nasal diffusion (78.26±3.29%) in 8h with no sign of structural damage upon histopathological examination. Circular plume with an ovality ratio closer to 1.3 for CH-ME depicted ideal spray pattern. Significantly higher brain/blood ratio of CH-ME in comparison to QF-ME and drug solution following intranasal administration revealed prolonged retention of QF at site of action suggesting superiority of CH as permeability enhancer. Following intranasal administration, 2.7 and 3.8 folds higher nasal bioavailability in brain with CH-ME compared to QF-ME and drug solution respectively is indicative of preferential nose to brain transport (80.51±6.46%) bypassing blood-brain barrier. Overall, the above finding shows promising results in the area of developing non-invasive intranasal route as an alternative to oral route for brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Ahmedabad 380054, India.
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, C/O. B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Manju Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, C/O. B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Harish Padh
- Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India.
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Rassu G, Soddu E, Cossu M, Gavini E, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Particulate formulations based on chitosan for nose-to-brain delivery of drugs. A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Neuroprotective effect of ibuprofen by intranasal application of mucoadhesive nanoemulsion in MPTP induced Parkinson model. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-015-0212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mandal S, Mandal SD, Chuttani K, Subudhi BB. Mucoadhesive microemulsion of ibuprofen: design and evaluation for brain targeting efficiency through intranasal route. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000300024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at designing mucoadhesive microemulsion gel to enhance the brain uptake of Ibuprofen through intranasal route. Ibuprofen loaded mucoadhesive microemulsion (MMEI) was developed by incorporating polycarbophil as mucoadhesive polymer into Capmul MCM based optimal microemulsion (MEI) and was subjected to characterization, stability, mucoadhesion and naso-ciliotoxicity study. Brain uptake of ibuprofen via nasal route was studied by performing biodistribution study in Swiss albino rats. MEI was found to be transparent, stable and non ciliotoxic with 66.29 ± 4.15 nm, -20.9 ± 3.98 mV and 98.66 ± 1.01% as average globule size, zeta potential and drug content respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study revealed the narrow globule size distribution of MEI. Following single intranasal administration of MMEI and MEI at a dose of 2.86 mg/kg, uptake of ibuprofen in the olfactory bulb was around 3.0 and 1.7 folds compared with intravenous injection of ibuprofen solution (IDS). The ratios of AUC in brain tissues to that in plasma obtained after nasal administration of MMEI were significantly higher than those after intravenous administration of IDS. Findings of the present investigation revealed that the developed mucoadhesive microemulsion gel could be a promising approach for brain targeting of ibuprofen through intranasal route.
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Haque S, Md S, Sahni JK, Ali J, Baboota S. Development and evaluation of brain targeted intranasal alginate nanoparticles for treatment of depression. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 48:1-12. [PMID: 24231512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of Venlafaxine loaded alginate nanoparticles (VLF AG-NPs) for treatment of depression via intranasal (i.n.) nose to brain delivery route. The VLF AG-NPs were prepared and optimized on the basis of various physio-chemical characteristics. Pharmacodynamic studies of the VLF AG-NPs for antidepressant activity were carried in-vivo by forced swimming test and locomotor activity test on albino Wistar rats. VLF AG-NPsi.n. treatment significantly improved the behavioural analysis parameters i.e. swimming, climbing, and immobility in comparison to the VLF solutioni.n. and VLF tabletoral. The intranasal VLF AG-NPs also improved locomotor activity when compared with VLF solutioni.n. and VLF tabletoral. Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy studies were performed on isolated organs of rats after intravenous and intranasal administrations of Rodamine-123 loaded alginate nanoparticles to determine its efficacy for nose to brain delivery and also for its qualitative distribution to other organs. Brain uptake and pharmacokinetic studies were performed by determination of VLF concentration in blood and brain respectively for VLF AG-NPsi.n., VLF solutioni.n. and VLF solutioni.v. The greater brain/blood ratios for VLF AG-NPsi.n. in comparison to VLF solutioni.n. and VLF solutioni.v. respectively at 30 min are indicative of superiority of alginate nanoparticles for direct nose to brain transport of VLF. Thus, VLF AG-NPsi.n. delivered greater VLF to the brain in comparison to VLF solution which indicates that VLF AG-NPs could be a promising approach for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadabul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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Jaipal A, Pandey M, Abhishek A, Vinay S, Charde S. Interaction of calcium sulfate with xanthan gum: Effect on in vitro bioadhesion and drug release behavior from xanthan gum based buccal discs of buspirone. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 111:644-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mittal D, Ali A, Md S, Baboota S, Sahni JK, Ali J. Insights into direct nose to brain delivery: current status and future perspective. Drug Deliv 2013; 21:75-86. [PMID: 24102636 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.838713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Now a day's intranasal (i.n) drug delivery is emerging as a reliable method to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver a wide range of therapeutic agents including both small and large molecules, growth factors, viral vectors and even stem cells to the brain and has shown therapeutic effects in both animals and humans. This route involves the olfactory or trigeminal nerve systems which initiate in the brain and terminate in the nasal cavity at the olfactory neuroepithelium or respiratory epithelium. They are the only externally exposed portions of the central nervous system (CNS) and therefore represent the most direct method of noninvasive entry into the brain. This approach has been primarily used to explore therapeutic avenues for neurological diseases. The potential for treatment possibilities with olfactory transfer of drugs will increase as more effective formulations and delivery devices are developed. Recently, the apomorphine hydrochloride dry powders have been developed for i.n. delivery (Apomorphine nasal, Lyonase technology, Britannia Pharmaceuticals, Surrey, UK). The results of clinical trial Phase III suggested that the prepared formulation had clinical effect equivalent to subcutaneously administered apomorphine. In coming years, intranasal delivery of drugs will demand more complex and automated delivery devices to ensure accurate and repeatable dosing. Thus, new efforts are needed to make this noninvasive route of delivery more efficient and popular, and it is also predicted that in future a range of intranasal products will be used in diagnosis as well as treatment of CNS diseases. This review will embark the existing evidence of nose-to-brain transport. It also provides insights into the most relevant pre-clinical studies of direct nose-brain delivery and delivery devices which will provide relative success of intranasal delivery system. We have, herein, outlined the relevant aspects of CNS drugs given intranasally to direct the brain in treating CNS disorders like Alzheimer's disease, depression, migraine, schizophrenia, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard , Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi , India
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Chitosan and cyclodextrin in intranasal microemulsion for improved brain buspirone hydrochloride pharmacokinetics in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 99:297-305. [PMID: 24274510 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop buspirone hydrochloride microemulsion formulations for intranasal administration to improve the drug bioavailability and provide high drug brain levels. For the purpose, chitosan aspartate, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were incorporated in the microemulsions. The prepared formulations were characterized. Biological investigations including pharmacokinetic studies, brain drug targeting efficiency determinations and histopathological examinations were performed on rats. The results showed that safe and stable mucoadhesive microemulsion suitable for nasal administration were successfully prepared. Ex vivo drug permeation revealed high drug permeation from microemulsions. Absolute bioavailability after intranasal administration of buspirone mucoadhesive microemulsion increased significantly and plasma concentration peaked at 15 min. The AUC0-360(brain) was 3 times that obtained after intravenous administration. A high brain targeting efficiency (86.6%) and a direct nose to brain transport (88%) confirmed the direct nose to brain transport of buspirone following nasal administration of the microemulsions.
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Haque S, Md S, Fazil M, Kumar M, Sahni JK, Ali J, Baboota S. Venlafaxine loaded chitosan NPs for brain targeting: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:72-9. [PMID: 24750606 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to prepare venlafaxine (VLF) loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance the uptake of VLF to brain via intranasal (i.n.) delivery. VLF loaded chitosan NPs were prepared and characterized for particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. In order to investigate the localization of chitosan NPs in brain and other organs qualitatively confocal laser scanning microscopy technique was carried out using rhodamine-123 (ROD-123) as marker. The levels of VLF in plasma and brain tissues were also determined, the brain/blood ratios of VLF for VLF (i.v.), VLF (i.n.), VLF chitosan NPs (i.n.) were 0.0293, 0.0700 and 0.1612, respectively, at 0.5h, indicative of better brain uptake of VLF chitosan NPs. The higher drug transport efficiency (508.59) and direct transport percentage (80.34) of VLF chitosan NPs as compared to other formulations suggest its better efficacy in treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadabul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India; Ranbaxy Research Laboratories, Gurgaon, India
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Mohammad Fazil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasjeet Kaur Sahni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India
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Sun Y, Shi K, Wan F, Cui FD. Methotrexate-loaded microspheres for nose to brain delivery: in vitro/in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(12)50022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bahadur S, Pathak K. Physicochemical and physiological considerations for efficient nose-to-brain targeting. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 9:19-31. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.636801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Seju U, Kumar A, Sawant KK. Development and evaluation of olanzapine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery: in vitro and in vivo studies. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:4169-76. [PMID: 21839863 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Olanzapine (OZ) is a second-generation or atypical antipsychotic which selectively binds to central dopamine D₂ and serotonin (5-HT(2c)) receptors. It has poor bioavailability due to hepatic first-pass metabolism and low permeability into the brain due to efflux by P-glycoproteins. The present investigation aimed to prepare a nanoparticulate drug delivery system of OZ using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) for direct nose-to-brain delivery to provide brain targeting and sustained release. PLGA nanoparticles (NP) were prepared by the nanoprecipitation technique and characterized by entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The NP were evaluated for in vitro release, ex vivo diffusion, toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies. The NP were 91.2±5.2 nm in diameter and had entrapment efficiency 68.91±2.31%. MTDSC studies indicated broadening of the drug peak and a shift in the polymer peak, possibly due to physical interaction or H-bonding between the carbonyl groups of PLGA and the NH groups of OZ, and also due to the plasticization effect of OZ on PLGA. XRD studies indicated a decrease in the crystallinity of OZ or amorphization. In vitro drug release showed a biphasic pattern with initial burst release and, later, sustained release (43.26±0.156% after 120 h), following the Fickian diffusion-based release mechanism. Ex vivo diffusion through sheep nasal mucosa showed 13.21±1.59% of drug diffusion in 210 min from NP. Histopathological study of sheep nasal mucosa showed no significant adverse effect of OZ-loaded NP. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed 6.35 and 10.86 times higher uptake of intranasally delivered NP than OZ solution delivered through intravenous (IV) and intranasal (IN) route, respectively. These results proved that OZ could be transported directly to the brain after IN delivery of PLGA NP, enhanced drug concentration in the brain and would therefore be effective in improving the treatment of central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Seju
- TIFAC Centre of Relevance and Excellence, Centre of PG Studies and Research, Pharmacy Department, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Donors Plaza, Fatehgunj, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
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Haque S, Md S, Alam MI, Sahni JK, Ali J, Baboota S. Nanostructure-based drug delivery systems for brain targeting. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:387-411. [PMID: 21954902 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.608191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is well-known fact that blood brain barrier (BBB) hinders the penetrance and access of many pharmacotherapeutic agents to central nervous system (CNS). Many diseases of the CNS remain undertreated and the inability to treat most CNS disorders is not due to the lack of effective CNS drug discovery, rather, it is due to the ineffective CNS delivery. Therefore, a number of nanostructured drug delivery carriers have been developed and explored over the past couple of years to transport the drugs to brain. OBJECTIVE The present review will give comprehensive details of extensive research being done in field of nanostructured carriers to transport the drugs through the BBB in a safe and effective manner. METHODS The method includes both the polymeric- and lipid-based nanocarriers with emphasis on their utility, methodology, advantages, and the drugs which have been worked on using a particular approach to provide a noninvasive method to improve the drug transport through BBB. RESULTS Polymeric- and lipid-based nanocarriers enter brain capillaries before reaching the surface of the brain microvascular endothelial cells without the disruption of BBB. These systems are further modified with specific ligands vectors and pegylation aiming to target and enhance their binding with surface receptors of the specific tissues inside brain and increase long circulatory time which favors interaction and penetration into brain endothelial cells. CONCLUSION This review would give an insight to the researchers working on neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS including brain tumor.
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Cho HJ, Choi MK, Lin H, Kim JS, Chung SJ, Shim CK, Kim DD. Expression and functional activity of P-glycoprotein in passaged primary human nasal epithelial cell monolayers cultured by the air-liquid interface method for nasal drug transport study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:385-91. [PMID: 21749386 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter encoded by the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), which is also known as the human ABCB1 gene (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily-B). The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression of P-gp in passaged primary human nasal epithelial (HNE) cell monolayer, cultured by the air-liquid interface (ALI) method, and to evaluate its feasibility as an in-vitro model for cellular uptake and transport studies of P-gp substrates. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to verify the expression of the MDR1 gene. Transport and cellular uptake studies with P-gp substrate (rhodamine123) and P-gp inhibitors (verapamil and cyclosporin A) were conducted to assess the functional activity of P-gp in HNE cell monolayers cultured by the ALI method. KEY FINDINGS MDR1 gene expression in primary HNE cell monolayers cultured by ALI method was confirmed by RT-PCR. The apparent permeability coefficient (P(app) ) of the P-gp substrate (rhodamine123) in the basolateral to apical (B to A) direction was 6.9 times higher than that in the apical to basolateral (A to B) direction. B to A transport was saturated at high rhodamine123 concentration, and the treatment of P-gp inhibitors increased cellular uptake of rhodamine123 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results support the MDR1 gene expression and the functional activity of P-gp in primary HNE cell monolayers cultured by the ALI method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Strategy for effective brain drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 40:385-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Luppi B, Bigucci F, Cerchiara T, Zecchi V. Chitosan-based hydrogels for nasal drug delivery: from inserts to nanoparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:811-28. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.495981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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