1
|
Jia XY, Andreou P, Brown C, Constantin E, Godbout R, Hanlon-Dearman A, Ipsiroglu O, Reid G, Shea S, Smith IM, Zwicker JD, Weiss SK, Corkum P. An eHealth Program for Insomnia in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Better Nights, Better Days): Protocol for an Economic Evaluation of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e46735. [PMID: 37698915 PMCID: PMC10523210 DOI: 10.2196/46735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with neurodevelopmental disorders have a high risk of sleep disturbances, with insomnia being the most common sleep disorder (ie, chronic and frequent difficulties with going and staying asleep). Insomnia adversely affects the well-being of these children and their caregivers. Pediatric sleep experts recommend behavioral interventions as the first-line treatment option for children. Better Nights, Better Days for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (BNBD-NDD) is a 5-session eHealth behavioral intervention delivered to parents to improve outcomes (eg, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]) for their children (ages 4-12 years) with insomnia and who have a diagnosis of mild to moderate attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. If cost-effective, BNBD-NDD can be a scalable intervention that provides value to an underserved population. OBJECTIVE This protocol outlines an economic evaluation conducted alongside the BNBD-NDD randomized controlled trial (RCT) that aims to assess its costs, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness compared to usual care. METHODS The BNBD-NDD RCT evaluates the impacts of the intervention on children's sleep and quality of life, as well as parents' daytime functioning and psychosocial health. Parent participants were randomized to the BNBD-NDD treatment or to usual care. The economic evaluation assesses outcomes at baseline and 8 months later, which include the PedsQL as the primary measure. Quality of life outcomes facilitate the comparison of competing interventions across different populations and medical conditions. Cost items include the BNBD-NDD intervention and parent-reported usage of private and publicly funded resources for their children's insomnia. The economic evaluation involves a reference case cost-effectiveness analysis to examine the incremental cost of BNBD-NDD per units gained in the PedsQL from the family payer perspective and a cost-consequence analysis from a societal perspective. These analyses will be conducted over an 8-month time horizon. RESULTS Research funding was obtained from the Kids Brain Health Network in 2015. Ethics were approved by the IWK Health Research Ethics Board and the University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board in January 2019 and June 2022, respectively. The BNBD-NDD RCT data collection commenced in June 2019 and ended in April 2022. The RCT data are currently being analyzed, and data relevant to the economic analysis will be analyzed concurrently. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this will be the first economic evaluation of an eHealth intervention for insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This evaluation's findings can inform users and stakeholders regarding the costs and benefits of BNBD-NDD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02694003; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02694003. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/46735.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang Jia
- The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pantelis Andreou
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cary Brown
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine - Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Roger Godbout
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana Hanlon-Dearman
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Osman Ipsiroglu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Graham Reid
- Departments of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Isabel M Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Shelly K Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Penny Corkum
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Shi Y, Wang B, Zhou J, Wang X, Huang S, Yang L. Changes in sleep quality of children with epilepsy and anxiety of their caregivers after COVID-19 infection: a case-series report. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1239322. [PMID: 37675391 PMCID: PMC10477778 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1239322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the changes in epileptic seizures and sleep quality in children with epilepsy (CWE) and the changes in anxiety of their caregivers after infection with COVID-19. Methods Outpatients and inpatients of CWEs were selected as subjects and a questionnaire survey was used to carry out this case-series study. The demographic information of the CWEs and their caregivers, information about epilepsy, and information about the vaccination, infection, and treatment of COVID-19 were collected. The changes in sleep quality of CWEs and the changes in anxiety of their caregivers were assessed by the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Caregiver Anxiety Scale (CAS). Risk factors affecting sleep habits in CWEs and caregiver anxiety were further analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Results A total of 312 children were included in the study. Among them, 134 patients (42.9%) were female. The average age of the children was 9.30 ± 3.88 years, and the duration of epilepsy was 4.59 ± 3.36 years. A total of 221 of the 312 children were infected with COVID-19, and all the infected children developed fever, which lasted for 1.71 ± 1.13 days. 10 children were satisfied with controlled seizures for more than 1 year and relapsed after COVID-19 infection (4.2%), 4 cases (3.6%) with increased seizures, and 8 children with reduced seizures (7.7%), 17 children (7.7%) had no change in seizures, and 182 children (82.3%) remained seizure-free after the COVID-19 infection. The average sleep time of the CWEs was 9.25 ± 1.04 h and the average total score of the CSHQ was 37.25 ± 5.19, among which 44 cases (14.1%) had more than 41 points. As the result of the CAS, 16 of them (5.13%) scored above 50 and the average total score was 31.49 ± 8.09. The control of seizures, age of onset, types of anti-seizure medicines (ASMs), and seizure duration were risk factors affecting sleep quality. Accordingly, the score of CAS was significantly lower when there was more than one caregiver who cared for the CWE. Conclusions COVID-19 infection did not cause an increase in seizures in CWEs, nor did it worsen their sleep quality of them or aggravate the anxiety of their caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongjing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaoping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Law EF, Kim A, Ickmans K, Palermo TM. Sleep Health Assessment and Treatment in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain: State of the Art and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061491. [PMID: 35329817 PMCID: PMC8954024 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is interrelated with the experience of chronic pain and represents a modifiable lifestyle factor that may play an important role in the treatment of children and adolescents with chronic pain. This is a topical review of assessment and treatment approaches to promote sleep health in children and adolescents with chronic pain, which summarizes: relevant and recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and methodologically sound prospective studies and clinical trials. Recommendations are provided for best practices in the clinical assessment and treatment of sleep health in youth with chronic pain. This overview can also provide researchers with foundational knowledge to build upon the best evidence for future prospective studies, assessment and intervention development, and novel clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Law
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnes Kim
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121, USA;
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University & University of Georgia Medical Partnership Campus, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kelly Ickmans
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
- Movement & Nutrition for Health & Performance Research Group (MOVE), Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tonya M. Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oerbeck B, Overgaard KR, Hjellvik V, Bramness JG, Hansen BH, Lien L. The Use of Sleep Medication in Youth Residential Care. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2020; 30:335-341. [PMID: 31976753 PMCID: PMC7310223 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2019.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the use of sleep medication and concomitant psychotropic medication in children and adolescents placed under residential care (RC). Methods: Participants were youth 0-20 years of age placed in RC institutions at least once during 2016. Data on filled prescriptions were taken from the Norwegian Prescription Database to compare the use of sleep medication in RC with the general child population (GenPop) and how it covaried with gender, age, reasons for RC placement, and concomitant use of other psychotropic medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, and psychostimulants). Results: A total of 2171 youths were identified in RC at mean age 14 years (82% ≥ 13 years). Seventeen percent (371/2171) used sleep medications (melatonin 11%, alimemazine 7%, and benzodiazepines/z-hypnotics 2%) significantly more than the 2.3% who used in GenPop. The girl/boy ratio for medication use in RC was 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-2.2), not significantly different from the corresponding ratio in GenPop (1.4; 95% CI = 1.3-1.5). The use of sleep medication increased with age. When comparing reasons for placement in RC, medication use was particularly low among unaccompanied minor asylum seekers (2%). About half of the youths used concomitant psychotropic medication, with clear gender differences; girls used about twice as much antidepressants, anxiolytics, and antipsychotics, whereas boys used 1.3 times more psychostimulants. Conclusion: Youths in RC used more sleep medication and concomitant psychotropic medication than the GenPop, most likely reflecting the increased psychosocial strain and mental disorders reported in this population. Further studies of prevalence, assessment, and treatment of sleep problems in RC populations are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Oerbeck
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Address correspondence to: Beate Oerbeck, PhD, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Pb. 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Vidar Hjellvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen G. Bramness
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway.,Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Hjelde Hansen
- Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Science, Inland University College of Applied Science, Elverum, Norway
| |
Collapse
|