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Abdelrahman HA, Akawi N, Al-Shamsi AM, Al-Gazali L, Ali BR. Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 9: A New Case with a Novel Mutation and Review of Literature. J Pediatr Genet 2024; 13:215-222. [PMID: 39086442 PMCID: PMC11288706 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 (PCH-9) is a very rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Affected infants present early with severe developmental delay, spasticity, with the unique magnetic resonance imaging picture of thin corpus callosum, atrophied pons, and cerebellum. It is caused by loss of function mutations in the AMPD2 gene, encoding for the adenosine monophosphate deaminase enzyme-paralog 2. This gene is expressed in different somatic tissues with high level of expression in cerebellum and its encoded enzyme catalyzes a critical step in de novo biosynthesis of purines and its deficiency in the developing neurons severely affects neuronal differentiation and cell viability. We clinically evaluated an Emirati patient presented with severe developmental and growth delay, as well as corpus callosum agenesis and atrophy of brainstem and cerebellum. We performed exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and segregation analysis to identify the genetic cause of the phenotype, followed by in silico and in vitro analysis. We identified the novel variant (NM_004037.9:c.1471G > A) in AMPD2 gene leading to a single amino acid substitution (p.Gly491Arg) in adenosine monophosphate deaminase-2 enzyme. This variant is predicted to be pathogenic using several in silico tools, and resulted in a decrease in the enzyme function in the patient's polymorphonuclear cells by 82% (95% confidence interval: 73.3-91.7%, p = 0.029) compared with the control. This data establishes that the affected child is affected by PCH-9. Furthermore, we review all reported cases in literature to summarize the main clinical features of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi A. Abdelrahman
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Akawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R. Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Munera V, Jaramillo V, Muñoz-Caicedo B, Vargas S. Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 9: A Case Study Highlighting Distinctive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features. Cureus 2024; 16:e58522. [PMID: 38957830 PMCID: PMC11218430 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 (PCH9) is a rare, autosomal, recessive, neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation in the AMPD2 gene. Despite its rarity, it presents distinctive clinical and neuroradiological features. Diagnosing it is challenging yet crucial for appropriate management. We describe a 21-month-old boy with clinical and neuroradiological manifestations of the diagnosis, including characteristic signs such as an eight-configured midbrain and hypoplasia of the brainstem and cerebellar structures. Genetic evaluation confirmed homozygous missense mutations in the AMPD2 gene. This case highlights the pathognomonic neuroradiological features of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 that point toward diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Munera
- Department of Radiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, COL
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Ghasemi MR, Tehrani Fateh S, Moeinafshar A, Sadeghi H, Karimzadeh P, Mirfakhraie R, Rezaei M, Hashemi-Gorji F, Rezvani Kashani M, Fazeli Bavandpour F, Bagheri S, Moghimi P, Rostami M, Madannejad R, Roudgari H, Miryounesi M. Broadening the phenotype and genotype spectrum of novel mutations in pontocerebellar hypoplasia with a comprehensive molecular literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:51. [PMID: 38347586 PMCID: PMC10863249 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pontocerebellar hypoplasia is an umbrella term describing a heterogeneous group of prenatal neurodegenerative disorders mostly affecting the pons and cerebellum, with 17 types associated with 25 genes. However, some types of PCH lack sufficient information, which highlights the importance of investigating and introducing more cases to further elucidate the clinical, radiological, and biochemical features of these disorders. The aim of this study is to provide an in-depth review of PCH and to identify disease genes and their inheritance patterns in 12 distinct Iranian families with clinically confirmed PCH. METHODS Cases included in this study were selected based on their phenotypic and genetic information available at the Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to discover the underlying genetic etiology of participants' problems, and Sanger sequencing was utilized to confirm any suspected alterations. We also conducted a comprehensive molecular literature review to outline the genetic features of the various subtypes of PCH. RESULTS This study classified and described the underlying etiology of PCH into three categories based on the genes involved. Twelve patients also were included, eleven of whom were from consanguineous parents. Ten different variations in 8 genes were found, all of which related to different types of PCH. Six novel variations were reported, including SEPSECS, TSEN2, TSEN54, AMPD2, TOE1, and CLP1. Almost all patients presented with developmental delay, hypotonia, seizure, and microcephaly being common features. Strabismus and elevation in lactate levels in MR spectroscopy were novel phenotypes for the first time in PCH types 7 and 9. CONCLUSIONS This study merges previously documented phenotypes and genotypes with unique novel ones. Due to the diversity in PCH, we provided guidance for detecting and diagnosing these heterogeneous groups of disorders. Moreover, since certain critical conditions, such as spinal muscular atrophy, can be a differential diagnosis, providing cases with novel variations and clinical findings could further expand the genetic and clinical spectrum of these diseases and help in better diagnosis. Therefore, six novel genetic variants and novel clinical and paraclinical findings have been reported for the first time. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for PCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, , Tehran, Iran
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, , Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Karimzadeh
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Rezaei
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hashemi-Gorji
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Rezvani Kashani
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saman Bagheri
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Moghimi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rostami
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Madannejad
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Roudgari
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miryounesi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, , Tehran, Iran.
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Holla VV, Tejasvi S, Reddy R, Saini J. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type-9 due to a novel p.Arg503Ter truncating variant in AMPD2: a report from India. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:291-293. [PMID: 34826127 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India.
| | - Shrunga Tejasvi
- Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Rahul Reddy
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India
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Sekulovski S, Trowitzsch S. What connects splicing of transfer RNA precursor molecules with pontocerebellar hypoplasia? Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200130. [PMID: 36517085 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) represent the most abundant class of RNA molecules in the cell and are key players during protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis. Aberrations in the extensive tRNA biogenesis pathways lead to severe neurological disorders in humans. Mutations in the tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) and its associated RNA kinase cleavage factor polyribonucleotide kinase subunit 1 (CLP1) cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, that manifest as underdevelopment of specific brain regions typically accompanied by microcephaly, profound motor impairments, and child mortality. Recently, we demonstrated that mutations leading to specific PCH subtypes destabilize TSEN in vitro and cause imbalances of immature to mature tRNA ratios in patient-derived cells. However, how tRNA processing defects translate to disease on a systems level has not been understood. Recent findings suggested that other cellular processes may be affected by mutations in TSEN/CLP1 and obscure the molecular mechanisms of PCH emergence. Here, we review PCH disease models linked to the TSEN/CLP1 machinery and discuss future directions to study neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samoil Sekulovski
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Simon Trowitzsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Gilboa T, Elefant N, Meiner V, Hacohen N. Delineating the phenotype and genetic basis of AMPD2-related pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Neurogenetics 2023; 24:61-66. [PMID: 36445597 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-022-00706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia is a group of disorders with a wide range of presentations. We describe here the genetic and phenotypic features of PCH type 9 due to mutations in AMPD2. All patients have severe intellectual disability, and the vast majority manifest abnormal tone, cortical blindness, and microcephaly. Almost all have agenesis of the corpus callosum and severe cerebellar hypoplasia. The course is not progressive, however, few die in the first decade of life. Mutations are spread throughout the gene, and no hot spot can be identified. One of the mutations we report here is the most distal truncating variant known in this gene and is predicted to result in a truncated protein. The phenotype is severe in all cases; thus, no clear genotype-phenotype correlation can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Gilboa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah University Medical Center, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Naama Elefant
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nuphar Hacohen
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
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Turkdogan D, Turkyilmaz A, Sager G, Ozturk G, Unver O, Say M. Chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing in unexplained early infantile epileptic encephalopathies in a highly consanguineous population. Int J Neurosci 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34380004 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1967349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify genetic causes for early infantile epileptic encephalopathies (EIEE) in Turkish children with mostly consanguineous parents. METHODS In a selected EIEE group (N = 59) based on results of nongenetic and initial genetic testing with unexplained etiology, 49 patients underwent array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and 49 patients underwent whole exome sequencing (WES) including 39 with negative aCGH results and 10 with WES-only. RESULTS Diagnostic yield of aCGH and WES for pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants was 14.3% and 38.8%, respectively. Including de novo variants of uncertain significance linked to compatible phenotypes, increased the diagnostic yield of WES to 61.2%. Out of 38 positive variants, 18 (47.4%) were novel and 16 (42.1%) were de novo. Twenty-one (56.8%) patients had recessive variants inherited from mostly consanguineous healthy parents (85.7%). Fourteen (37.8%) of patients with diagnostic results had positive variants in established EIEE genes. Seizures started during neonatal period in 32.4% patients. Posture or movement disorders were comorbid with EIEE in 40.5% of diagnosed patients. We identified treatable metabolic disorders in 8.1% of patients and pathogenic variants in genes which support using targeted medicine in 19% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Detailed electro-clinical phenotyping led to expansion of some of the known phenotypes with non-neurological and neurological findings in addition to seizures, as well as suggestion of candidate genes (SEC24B, SLC16A2 and PRICKLE2) and a copy number variant (microduplication of Xp21.1p11.4). The high ratio of recessive inheritance could be important for family counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsad Turkdogan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayberk Turkyilmaz
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunes Sager
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulten Ozturk
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Unver
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Say
- Bioinformatics, Private Practice, Kadıkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
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PPA2-associated sudden cardiac death: extending the clinical and allelic spectrum in 20 new families. Genet Med 2021; 23:2415-2425. [PMID: 34400813 PMCID: PMC8629752 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Biallelic hypomorphic variants in PPA2, encoding the mitochondrial inorganic pyrophosphatase 2 protein, have been recently identified in individuals presenting with sudden cardiac death, occasionally triggered by alcohol intake or a viral infection. Here we report 20 new families harboring PPA2 variants. Methods Synthesis of clinical and molecular data concerning 34 individuals harboring five previously reported PPA2 variants and 12 novel variants, 11 of which were functionally characterized. Results Among the 34 individuals, only 6 remain alive. Twenty-three died before the age of 2 years while five died between 14 and 16 years. Within these 28 cases, 15 died of sudden cardiac arrest and 13 of acute heart failure. One case was diagnosed prenatally with cardiomyopathy. Four teenagers drank alcohol before sudden cardiac arrest. Progressive neurological signs were observed in 2/6 surviving individuals. For 11 variants, recombinant PPA2 enzyme activities were significantly decreased and sensitive to temperature, compared to wild-type PPA2 enzyme activity. Conclusion We expand the clinical and mutational spectrum associated with PPA2 dysfunction. Heart failure and sudden cardiac arrest occur at various ages with inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability, and presentation can include progressive neurological disease. Alcohol intake can trigger cardiac arrest and should be strictly avoided.
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9
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Garcia-Gil M, Camici M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Tozzi MG. Metabolic Aspects of Adenosine Functions in the Brain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672182. [PMID: 34054547 PMCID: PMC8160517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, acting both through G-protein coupled adenosine receptors and intracellularly, plays a complex role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulating neuronal plasticity, astrocytic activity, learning and memory, motor function, feeding, control of sleep and aging. Adenosine is involved in stroke, epilepsy and neurodegenerative pathologies. Extracellular concentration of adenosine in the brain is tightly regulated. Adenosine may be generated intracellularly in the central nervous system from degradation of AMP or from the hydrolysis of S-adenosyl homocysteine, and then exit via bi-directional nucleoside transporters, or extracellularly by the metabolism of released nucleotides. Inactivation of extracellular adenosine occurs by transport into neurons or neighboring cells, followed by either phosphorylation to AMP by adenosine kinase or deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase. Modulation of the nucleoside transporters or of the enzymatic activities involved in the metabolism of adenosine, by affecting the levels of this nucleoside and the activity of adenosine receptors, could have a role in the onset or the development of central nervous system disorders, and can also be target of drugs for their treatment. In this review, we focus on the contribution of 5'-nucleotidases, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, AMP deaminase, AMP-activated protein kinase and nucleoside transporters in epilepsy, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases with a particular attention on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. We include several examples of the involvement of components of the adenosine metabolism in learning and of the possible use of modulators of enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism or nucleoside transporters in the amelioration of cognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, Unit of Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcella Camici
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Abreu NJ, Koboldt DC, Gastier-Foster JM, Dave-Wala A, Flanigan KM, Waldrop MA. Homozygous variants in AMPD2 and COL11A1 lead to a complex phenotype of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 and Stickler syndrome type 2. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:557-560. [PMID: 31833174 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 (PCH9) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the AMPD2 gene. We evaluated the son of a consanguineous couple who presented with profound hypotonia and global developmental delay. Other features included sensorineural hearing loss, asymmetric astigmatism, and high myopia. Clinical whole-exome sequence analysis identified a homozygous missense variant in AMPD2 (NM_001257360.1:c.2201C > T, p.[Pro734Leu]) that has not been previously reported. Given the strong phenotypic overlap with PCH9, including the identification of the typical "Figure 8" appearance of the brainstem on neuroimaging, we suspect this variant was causative of the neurodevelopmental disability in this individual. An additional homozygous nonsense variant in COL11A1 (NM_001854.4:c.1168G > T, p.[Glu390Ter]) was identified. Variants in this alternatively spliced region of COL11A1 have been identified to cause an autosomal recessive form of Stickler syndrome type 2 characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and eye abnormalities, but without musculoskeletal abnormalities. The COL11A1 variant likely also contributed to the individual's phenotype, suggesting two potentially relevant genetic findings. This challenging case highlights the importance of detailed phenotypic characterization when interpreting whole exome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Abreu
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ashita Dave-Wala
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kevin M Flanigan
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Megan A Waldrop
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Scola E, Ganau M, Robinson R, Cleary M, De Cocker LJL, Mankad K, Triulzi F, D'Arco F. Neuroradiological findings in three cases of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 due to AMPD2 mutation: typical MRI appearances and pearls for differential diagnosis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1966-1972. [PMID: 31929969 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 (PCH9) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with prenatal onset caused by mutations in adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 (AMPD2). PCH9 patients demonstrate severe neurodevelopmental delay with early onset and typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings consisting in: pontine hypoplasia or atrophy with dragonfly cerebellar atrophy appearance on coronal images, reduction in size of the pons and middle cerebellar peduncles, abnormal midbrain describing a figure of "8" on axial images, diffuse loss of cerebral white matter with striking periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), and absence or extreme thinning of the corpus callosum. A review of the literature on PCH9 shows that the MRI phenotype observed in the series herein presented is similar to the eleven cases of PCH9 previously reported. Finally, the main radiological elements which differentiate this diagnosis from other PCH subtypes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Scola
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Ganau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maureen Cleary
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Pontocerebellar hypoplasia with rhombencephalosynapsis and microlissencephaly expands the spectrum of PCH type 1B. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103814. [PMID: 31770597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhombencephalosynapsis is a rare cerebellar malformation developing during embryogenesis defined by vermian agenesis or hypogenesis with fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. It occurs either alone or in association with other cerebral and/or extracerebral anomalies. Its association with microlissencephaly is exceedingly rare and to date, only a heterozygous de novo missense variant in ADGRL2, a gene encoding Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor L2, has been identified. We report on two siblings of Roma origin presenting with severe growth retardation, fetal akinesia, microlissencephaly and small cerebellum with vermian agenesis. Neuropathological studies revealed extreme paucity in pontine transverse fibres, rudimentary olivary nuclei and rhombencephalosynapsis with vanishing spinal motoneurons in both fetuses. Comparative fetus-parent exome sequencing revealed in both fetuses a homozygous variant in exon 1 of the EXOSC3 gene encoding a core component of the RNA exosome, c.92G > C; p.(Gly31Ala). EXOSC3 accounts for 40%-75% of patients affected by ponto-cerebellar hypoplasia with spinal muscular atrophy (PCH1B). The c.92G > C variant is a founder mutation in the Roma population and has been reported in severe PCH1B. PCH1B is characterized by a broad phenotypic spectrum, ranging from mild phenotypes with spasticity, mild to moderate intellectual disability, pronounced distal muscular and cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia, to severe phenotypes with profound global developmental delay, progressive microcephaly and atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres. In PCH1B, the usual cerebellar lesions affect mainly the hemispheres with relative sparing of vermis that radically differs from rhombencephalosynapsis. This unusual foetal presentation expands the spectrum of PCH1B and highlights the diversity of rhombencephalosynapsis etiologies.
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Accogli A, Guerrero K, D'Agostino MD, Tran L, Cieuta-Walti C, Thiffault I, Chénier S, Schwartzentruber J, Majewski J, Bernard G. Biallelic Loss-of-Function Variants in AIMP1 Cause a Rare Neurodegenerative Disease. J Child Neurol 2019; 34:74-80. [PMID: 30486714 DOI: 10.1177/0883073818811223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMP1/p43, is a noncatalytic component of the mammalian multi-tRNA synthetase complex that catalyzes the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. AIMP1 is largely expressed in the central nervous system, where it is part of the regulatory machine of the neurofilament assembly, playing a crucial role in neuronal development and function. To date, nonsense mutations in AIMP1 have been associated with a primary neurodegenerative disorder consisting of cerebral atrophy, hypomyelination, microcephaly and epilepsy, whereas missense mutations have recently been linked to intellectual disability without neurodegeneration. Here, we report the first French-Canadian patient with a novel frameshift AIMP1 homozygous mutation (c.191_192delAA, p.Gln64Argfs*25), resulting in a severe neurodegenerative phenotype. We review and discuss the phenotypic spectrum associated with AIMP1 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- 1 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,2 UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,3 Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Kether Guerrero
- 1 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,4 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,5 Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maria Daniela D'Agostino
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,6 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luan Tran
- 1 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,4 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,5 Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cécile Cieuta-Walti
- 7 Service de Neuropédiatre, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,8 Institut Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- 9 Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.,10 University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sébastien Chénier
- 11 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Jacek Majewski
- 6 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Geneviève Bernard
- 1 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,4 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,5 Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
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15
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Jordheim LP. Expanding the clinical relevance of the 5'-nucleotidase cN-II/NT5C2. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:321-329. [PMID: 30362044 PMCID: PMC6298924 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine metabolism is depending on a large amount of enzymes to ensure cellular homeostasis. Among these enzymes, we have been interested in the 5'-nucleotidase cN-II and its role in cancer biology and in response of cancer cells to treatments. This protein has been cited and studied in a large number of papers published during the last decade for its involvement in non-cancerous pathologies such as hereditary spastic paraplegia, schizophrenia, and blood pressure regulation. Here, we review these articles in order to give an overview of the recently discovered clinical relevance of cN-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Petter Jordheim
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Faculté Rockefeller, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
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16
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Severino M, Zara F, Rossi A, Striano P. Teaching Neuro Images: Figure of 8: The clue to the diagnosis of AMPD2 pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH9). Neurology 2018; 89:e172-e173. [PMID: 28972112 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariasavina Severino
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., A.R.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics (F.Z.), and Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa (P.S.), Istituto "Giannina Gaslini," Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., A.R.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics (F.Z.), and Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa (P.S.), Istituto "Giannina Gaslini," Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., A.R.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics (F.Z.), and Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa (P.S.), Istituto "Giannina Gaslini," Genova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., A.R.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics (F.Z.), and Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa (P.S.), Istituto "Giannina Gaslini," Genova, Italy.
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17
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Marsh APL, Novarino G, Lockhart PJ, Leventer RJ. CUGC for pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 and spastic paraplegia-63. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 27:161-166. [PMID: 30089829 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. NAME OF DISEASE (SYNONYMS): Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 (PCH9) and spastic paraplegia-63 (SPG63). 2. OMIM# OF THE DISEASE: 615809 and 615686. 3. NAME OF THE ANALYSED GENES OR DNA/CHROMOSOME SEGMENTS: AMPD2 at 1p13.3. 4. OMIM# OF THE GENE(S): 102771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P L Marsh
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gaia Novarino
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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18
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van Dijk T, Baas F, Barth PG, Poll-The BT. What's new in pontocerebellar hypoplasia? An update on genes and subtypes. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:92. [PMID: 29903031 PMCID: PMC6003036 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) describes a rare, heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders mainly with a prenatal onset. Patients have severe hypoplasia or atrophy of cerebellum and pons, with variable involvement of supratentorial structures, motor and cognitive impairments. Based on distinct clinical features and genetic causes, current classification comprises 11 types of PCH. Main text In this review we describe the clinical, neuroradiological and genetic characteristics of the different PCH subtypes, summarize the differential diagnosis and reflect on potential disease mechanisms in PCH. Seventeen PCH-related genes are now listed in the OMIM database, most of them have a function in RNA processing or translation. It is unknown why defects in these apparently ubiquitous processes result in a brain-specific phenotype. Conclusions Many new PCH related genes and phenotypes have been described due to the appliance of next generation sequencing techniques. By including such a broad range of phenotypes, including non-degenerative and postnatal onset disorders, the current classification gives rise to confusion. Despite the discovery of new pathways involved in PCH, treatment is still symptomatic. However, correct diagnosis of PCH is important to provide suitable care and counseling regarding prognosis, and offer appropriate (prenatal) genetic testing to families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa van Dijk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Barth
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bwee Tien Poll-The
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Clinical and genetic spectrum of AMPD2-related pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:695-708. [PMID: 29463858 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) represents a group of autosomal-recessive progressive neurodegenerative disorders of prenatal onset. Eleven PCH subtypes are classified according to clinical, neuroimaging and genetic findings. Individuals with PCH type 9 (PCH9) have a unique combination of postnatal microcephaly, hypoplastic cerebellum and pons, and hypoplastic or absent corpus callosum. PCH9 is caused by biallelic variants in AMPD2 encoding adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2; however, a homozygous AMPD2 frameshift variant has recently been reported in two family members with spastic paraplegia type 63 (SPG63). We identified homozygous or compound heterozygous AMPD2 variants in eight PCH-affected individuals from six families. The eight variants likely affect function and comprise one frameshift, one nonsense and six missense variants; seven of which were novel. The main clinical manifestations in the eight new patients and 17 previously reported individuals with biallelic AMPD2 variants were postnatal microcephaly, severe global developmental delay, spasticity, and central visual impairment. Brain imaging data identified hypomyelination, hypoplasia of the cerebellum and pons, atrophy of the cerebral cortex, complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum and the "figure 8" shape of the hypoplastic midbrain as consistent features. We broaden the AMPD2-related clinical spectrum by describing one individual without microcephaly and absence of the characteristic "figure 8" shape of the midbrain. The existence of various AMPD2 isoforms with different functions possibly explains the variability in phenotypes associated with AMPD2 variants: variants leaving some of the isoforms intact may cause SPG63, while those affecting all isoforms may result in the severe and early-onset PCH9.
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20
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Rossor AM, Carr AS, Devine H, Chandrashekar H, Pelayo-Negro AL, Pareyson D, Shy ME, Scherer SS, Reilly MM. Peripheral neuropathy in complex inherited diseases: an approach to diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:846-863. [PMID: 28794150 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-313960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common finding in patients with complex inherited neurological diseases and may be subclinical or a major component of the phenotype. This review aims to provide a clinical approach to the diagnosis of this complex group of patients by addressing key questions including the predominant neurological syndrome associated with the neuropathy, for example, spasticity, the type of neuropathy and the other neurological and non-neurological features of the syndrome. Priority is given to the diagnosis of treatable conditions. Using this approach, we associated neuropathy with one of three major syndromic categories: (1) ataxia, (2) spasticity and (3) global neurodevelopmental impairment. Syndromes that do not fall easily into one of these three categories can be grouped according to the predominant system involved in addition to the neuropathy, for example, cardiomyopathy and neuropathy. We also include a separate category of complex inherited relapsing neuropathy syndromes, some of which may mimic Guillain-Barré syndrome, as many will have a metabolic aetiology and be potentially treatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Rossor
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Aisling S Carr
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Helen Devine
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hoskote Chandrashekar
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Ana Lara Pelayo-Negro
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Neurological Rare Diseases of Adulthood, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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21
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Ivanova EL, Mau-Them FT, Riazuddin S, Kahrizi K, Laugel V, Schaefer E, de Saint Martin A, Runge K, Iqbal Z, Spitz MA, Laura M, Drouot N, Gérard B, Deleuze JF, de Brouwer APM, Razzaq A, Dollfus H, Assir MZ, Nitchké P, Hinckelmann MV, Ropers H, Riazuddin S, Najmabadi H, van Bokhoven H, Chelly J. Homozygous Truncating Variants in TBC1D23 Cause Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia and Alter Cortical Development. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:428-440. [PMID: 28823707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a heterogeneous group of rare recessive disorders with prenatal onset, characterized by hypoplasia of pons and cerebellum. Mutations in a small number of genes have been reported to cause PCH, and the vast majority of PCH cases are explained by mutations in TSEN54, which encodes a subunit of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex. Here we report three families with homozygous truncating mutations in TBC1D23 who display moderate to severe intellectual disability and microcephaly. MRI data from available affected subjects revealed PCH, small normally proportioned cerebellum, and corpus callosum anomalies. Furthermore, through in utero electroporation, we show that downregulation of TBC1D23 affects cortical neuron positioning. TBC1D23 is a member of the Tre2-Bub2-Cdc16 (TBC) domain-containing RAB-specific GTPase-activating proteins (TBC/RABGAPs). Members of this protein family negatively regulate RAB proteins and modulate the signaling between RABs and other small GTPases, some of which have a crucial role in the trafficking of intracellular vesicles and are involved in neurological disorders. Here, we demonstrate that dense core vesicles and lysosomal trafficking dynamics are affected in fibroblasts harboring TBC1D23 mutation. We propose that mutations in TBC1D23 are responsible for a form of PCH with small, normally proportioned cerebellum and should be screened in individuals with syndromic pontocereballar hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina L Ivanova
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 1985713834 Tehran, Iran
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Department of Pediatrics, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne de Saint Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karen Runge
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie-Aude Spitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary Laura
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Bénédicte Gérard
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Attia Razzaq
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Muhammad Zaman Assir
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Patrick Nitchké
- Institut Imagine, Bioinformatics Platform, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria-Victoria Hinckelmann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Hilger Ropers
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 1985713834 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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22
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThis review aims at summarizing and discussing previous and recent findings concerning the cerebral manifestations of mitochondrial disorders (MIDs). MIDs frequently present as mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome (MIMODS) either already at onset or later in the course. After the muscle, the brain is the organ second most frequently affected in MIMODS. Cerebral manifestations of MIDs are variable and may present with or without a lesion on imaging or functional studies, but there can be imaging/functional lesions without clinical manifestations. The most well-known cerebral manifestations of MIDs include stroke-like episodes, epilepsy, headache, ataxia, movement disorders, hypopituitarism, muscle weakness, psychiatric abnormalities, nystagmus, white and gray matter lesions, atrophy, basal ganglia calcification, and hypometabolism on 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron-emission tomography. For most MIDs, only symptomatic therapy is currently available. Symptomatic treatment should be supplemented by vitamins, cofactors, and antioxidants. In conclusion, cerebral manifestations of MIDs need to be recognized and appropriately managed because they strongly determine the outcome of MID patients.
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23
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Accogli A, Iacomino M, Pinto F, Orsini A, Vari MS, Selmi R, Torella A, Nigro V, Minetti C, Severino M, Striano P, Capra V, Zara F. Novel AMPD2 mutation in pontocerebellar hypoplasia, dysmorphisms, and teeth abnormalities. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2017; 3:e179. [PMID: 28815207 PMCID: PMC5550382 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Francesca Pinto
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Raed Selmi
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Mariasavina Severino
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Valeria Capra
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Federico Zara
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
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24
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Marsh APL, Yap P, Tan T, Pope K, White SM, Chong B, Mcgillivray G, Boys A, Stephenson SEM, Leventer RJ, Stark Z, Lockhart PJ. A novel AMPD2 mutation outside the AMP deaminase domain causes pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:820-823. [PMID: 28168832 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P L Marsh
- Bruce Lefroy Centre For Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Yap
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Genetic Health Service New Zealand (Northern Hub), Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tiong Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Pope
- Bruce Lefroy Centre For Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan M White
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Chong
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Mcgillivray
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amber Boys
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah E M Stephenson
- Bruce Lefroy Centre For Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre For Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Kong R, Song RR. [Research advances in susceptible genes for developmental dyslexia in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:1308-1312. [PMID: 27974128 PMCID: PMC7403085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia in children is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders and is affected by various susceptible genes. In recent years, researchers have found some susceptible genes for dyslexia via chromosome analysis, genome-wide association studies, association analysis, gene function research, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological techniques. This article reviews the research advances in susceptible genes for developmental dyslexia, and with the study on susceptible genes for dyslexia, it lays a foundation for in-depth studies on the "gene-brain-behavior" level and provides scientific clues for exploring etiology and pathogenesis of dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kong
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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26
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Kong R, Song RR. [Research advances in susceptible genes for developmental dyslexia in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:1308-1312. [PMID: 27974128 PMCID: PMC7403085 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia in children is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders and is affected by various susceptible genes. In recent years, researchers have found some susceptible genes for dyslexia via chromosome analysis, genome-wide association studies, association analysis, gene function research, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological techniques. This article reviews the research advances in susceptible genes for developmental dyslexia, and with the study on susceptible genes for dyslexia, it lays a foundation for in-depth studies on the "gene-brain-behavior" level and provides scientific clues for exploring etiology and pathogenesis of dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kong
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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27
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Pulst SM. A lot of nexts: Next-generation sequencing, databases, and neurologists. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2015; 1:e12. [PMID: 27066549 PMCID: PMC4807903 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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