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Suzuki Y, Kiyosawa M, Ishii K. Measurement of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in the Visual Cortex Predicts the Prognosis of Hemianopia. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:437-446. [PMID: 38659366 DOI: 10.1177/15459683241247536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Homonymous hemianopia caused by cerebrovascular disease may improve over time. This study investigated whether functional neuroimaging can predict the prognosis of hemianopia due to cerebral infarction. METHODS We studied 19 patients (10 men and 9 women) with homonymous hemianopia and compared them with 34 healthy subjects (20 men and 14 women). Cerebral glucose metabolism was measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), 1 to 6 months after the onset. Bilateral regions of interest (ROIs) were selected from the posterior and, anterior striate cortices, extrastriate cortex, and thalamus. Furthermore, semi-quantitative data on cerebral glucose metabolism were obtained for ROIs and compared with the data obtained for homologous regions in the contralateral hemisphere by calculating the ipsilateral/contralateral (I/C) ratio. RESULTS The I/C ratio for the cerebral glucose metabolism in the posterior striate cortex was high (>0.750) in 8 patients, and the central visual field of these patients improved or showed macular sparing. The I/C ratio for cerebral glucose metabolism in the anterior striate cortex was high (>0.830) in 7 patients, and the peripheral visual field of these patients improved. However, no improvement was observed in 9 patients with a low I/C ratio for cerebral glucose metabolism in both the posterior and anterior striate cortices. CONCLUSION Measurement of cerebral glucose metabolism in the striate cortex is useful for estimating visual field prognosis. Furthermore, FDG-PET is useful in predicting the prognosis of hemianopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Mishima General Hospital, Mishima, Japan
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Ishii
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Oi Y, Hirose M, Togo H, Yoshinaga K, Akasaka T, Okada T, Aso T, Takahashi R, Glasser MF, Hayashi T, Hanakawa T. Identifying and reverting the adverse effects of white matter hyperintensities on cortical surface analyses. Neuroimage 2023; 281:120377. [PMID: 37714391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Human Connectome Project (HCP)-style surface-based brain MRI analysis is a powerful technique that allows precise mapping of the cerebral cortex. However, the strength of its surface-based analysis has not yet been tested in the older population that often presents with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on T2-weighted (T2w) MRI (hypointensities on T1w MRI). We investigated T1-weighted (T1w) and T2w structural MRI in 43 healthy middle-aged to old participants. Juxtacortical WMHs were often misclassified by the default HCP pipeline as parts of the gray matter in T1w MRI, leading to incorrect estimation of the cortical surfaces and cortical metrics. To revert the adverse effects of juxtacortical WMHs, we incorporated the Brain Intensity AbNormality Classification Algorithm into the HCP pipeline (proposed pipeline). Blinded radiologists performed stereological quality control (QC) and found a decrease in the estimation errors in the proposed pipeline. The superior performance of the proposed pipeline was confirmed using an originally-developed automated surface QC based on a large database. Here we showed the detrimental effects of juxtacortical WMHs for estimating cortical surfaces and related metrics and proposed a possible solution for this problem. The present knowledge and methodology should help researchers identify adequate cortical surface biomarkers for aging and age-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Oi
- Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hirose
- Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Togo
- Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan; Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshinaga
- Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thai Akasaka
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okada
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aso
- Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Departments of Radiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan; Department of Brain Connectomics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan; Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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3
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Simmen CF, Fierz FC, Michels L, Aldusary N, Landau K, Piccirelli M, Traber GL. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Volume Determined on MRI Correlates With Corresponding Ganglion Cell Layer Loss in Acquired Human Postgeniculate Lesions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:18. [PMID: 35960514 PMCID: PMC9396694 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To quantitatively assess lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) volume loss in the presence of lesions in the postgeniculate pathway and its correlation with optical coherence tomography retinal parameters. Methods This was a case control study of patients recruited at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Nine patients who were suffering from lesions in the postgeniculate pathway acquired at least 3 months earlier participated. Retinal parameters were analyzed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and a newly developed magnetic resonance imaging protocol with improved contrast to noise ratio was applied to measure LGN volume. Results The affected LGN volume in the patients (mean volume 73.89 ± 39.08 mm3) was significantly smaller compared with the contralateral unaffected LGN (mean volume 131.43 ± 12.75 mm3), as well as compared with healthy controls (mean volume 107 ± 24.4 mm3). Additionally, the ganglion cell layer thickness corresponding with the affected versus unaffected side within the patient group differed significantly (mean thickness 40.5 ± 4.11 µm vs 45.7 ± 4.79 µm) compared with other retinal parameters. A significant linear correlation could also be shown between relative LGN volume loss and ganglion cell layer thickness decrease. Conclusions Corresponding LGN volume reduction could be shown in patients with postgeniculate lesions using a newly developed magnetic resonance imaging protocol. LGN volume decrease correlated with ganglion cell layer thickness reduction as a sign of trans-synaptic retrograde neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fabian Simmen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Catherine Fierz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Michels
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Njoud Aldusary
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Klara Landau
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Piccirelli
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ghislaine Lieselotte Traber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Kim Y, Im S, Oh J, Jung Y, Jun SY. Detection of post-stroke visual field loss by quantification of the retrogeniculate visual pathway. J Neurol Sci 2022; 439:120297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saionz EL, Busza A, Huxlin KR. Rehabilitation of visual perception in cortical blindness. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:357-373. [PMID: 35034749 PMCID: PMC9682408 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blindness is a common sequela after stroke affecting the primary visual cortex, presenting as a contralesional, homonymous, visual field cut. This can occur unilaterally or, less commonly, bilaterally. While it has been widely assumed that after a brief period of spontaneous improvement, vision loss becomes stable and permanent, accumulating data show that visual training can recover some of the vision loss, even long after the stroke. Here, we review the different approaches to rehabilitation employed in adult-onset cortical blindness (CB), focusing on visual restoration methods. Most of this work was conducted in chronic stroke patients, partially restoring visual discrimination and luminance detection. However, to achieve this, patients had to train for extended periods (usually many months), and the vision restored was not entirely normal. Several adjuvants to training such as noninvasive, transcranial brain stimulation, and pharmacology are starting to be investigated for their potential to increase the efficacy of training in CB patients. However, these approaches are still exploratory and require considerably more research before being adopted. Nonetheless, having established that the adult visual system retains the capacity for restorative plasticity, attention recently turned toward the subacute poststroke period. Drawing inspiration from sensorimotor stroke rehabilitation, visual training was recently attempted for the first time in subacute poststroke patients. It improved vision faster, over larger portions of the blind field, and for a larger number of visual discrimination abilities than identical training initiated more than 6 months poststroke (i.e., in the chronic period). In conclusion, evidence now suggests that visual neuroplasticity after occipital stroke can be reliably recruited by a range of visual training approaches. In addition, it appears that poststroke visual plasticity is dynamic, with a critical window of opportunity in the early postdamage period to attain more rapid, more extensive recovery of a larger set of visual perceptual abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Saionz
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ania Busza
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Krystel R Huxlin
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
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Clinical spectrum of pediatric drug refractory epilepsy secondary to parieto-occipital gliosis. Epilepsy Res 2021; 178:106804. [PMID: 34753071 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parieto-occipital (PO) gliosis secondary to perinatal insult, is often associated with neurologic sequelae such as epilepsy, which can be drug resistant. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the spectrum of epilepsy among patients presenting with seizures in association with PO gliosis and to determine factors that influence the development of epileptic encephalopathy (EE) in these patients. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients aged < 16 years with drug refractory epilepsy and PO gliosis who underwent video electroencephalography (Video EEG). We evaluated the clinical, electrophysiological and radiological profile including treatment responsiveness of subjects with EE. RESULTS One hundred one patients (M: F=3:1) with mean age of onset of epilepsy at 28.9 ± 33.1 months were recruited into the study. Based on video EEG findings, Based on video EEG findings, the commonest type of focal onset ictus was tonic seizures with impaired awareness (n = 26, 29.9%). Myoclonic jerks (n = 20, 23%) were the commonest type of generalised onset seizures. Ictal onset from parieto occipital region were observed in 28 patients. Ictal onset from frontal, temporal and fronto temporal region were observed in 6 (6.8%), 7(7.9%) and 9 (8.9%) patients, respectively. Comparison of the seizure types and ictal onset among subgroups of patients with occipital gliosis, parieto-occipital gliosis and parieto-occipital with frontal gliosis revealed that the extent of gliosis did not significantly affect seizure semiology or ictal onset. EE was significantly associated with presence of neonatal seizures (p = 0.04), hypoglycaemia (p = 0.005), longer duration of ICU stay (Z score = -3.55, p < 0.001) and younger age of onset of seizures (Z score = - 2.97, p = 0.03). Eleven out of eighteen (64.7%) subjects with EE showed greater than 50% improvement in seizure frequency following three months of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. CONCLUSIONS Among subjects with PO gliosis on MRI, the seizure semiology is unaffected by laterality, radiologic extension beyond the occipital cortex or presence of ulegyria. Patients with PO gliosis can have florid interictal epileptiform discharges anteriorly and can have seizures with ictal onset from frontal and temporal region. Development of EE is strongly related to the age of onset of seizures, neonatal seizures, prolonged NICU admission, rather than the radiological findings. Subjects with EE and PO gliosis show good response to intravenous pulse methylprednisolone.
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Fahrenthold BK, Cavanaugh MR, Jang S, Murphy AJ, Ajina S, Bridge H, Huxlin KR. Optic Tract Shrinkage Limits Visual Restoration After Occipital Stroke. Stroke 2021; 52:3642-3650. [PMID: 34266305 PMCID: PMC8545836 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Damage to the adult primary visual cortex (V1) causes vision loss in the contralateral visual hemifield, initiating a process of trans-synaptic retrograde degeneration. The present study examined functional implications of this process, asking if degeneration impacted the amount of visual recovery attainable from visual restoration training in chronic patients, and if restoration training impacted optic tract (OT) shrinkage. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure OT volumes bilaterally in 36 patients with unilateral occipital stroke. From OT volumes, we computed laterality indices (LI), estimating the stroke-induced OT shrinkage in each case. A subset of these chronic patients (n=14, 13±6 months poststroke) underwent an average of nearly 1 year of daily visual restoration training, which repeatedly stimulated vision in their blind field. The amount of visual field recovery was quantified using Humphrey perimetry, and post training magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the impact of training on OT shrinkage. Results OT LI was correlated with time since stroke: it was close to 0 (no measurable OT shrinkage) in subacute participants (<6 months poststroke) while chronic participants (>6 months poststroke) exhibited LI >0, but with significant variability. Visual training did not systematically alter LI, but chronic patients with baseline LI≈0 (no OT shrinkage) exhibited greater visual field recovery than those with LI>0. Conclusions Unilateral OT shrinkage becomes detectable with magnetic resonance imaging by ≈7 months poststroke, albeit with significant interindividual variability. Although visual restoration training did not alter the amount of degeneration already sustained, OT shrinkage appeared to serve as a biomarker of the potential for training-induced visual recovery in chronic cortically blind patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkeley K. Fahrenthold
- Flaum Eye Institute (B.K.F., M.R.C., S.J., K.R.H.), University of Rochester, NY. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Neurorehabilitation and Therapy Services, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R. Cavanaugh
- Flaum Eye Institute (B.K.F., M.R.C., S.J., K.R.H.), University of Rochester, NY. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Neurorehabilitation and Therapy Services, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Subin Jang
- Flaum Eye Institute (B.K.F., M.R.C., S.J., K.R.H.), University of Rochester, NY. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Neurorehabilitation and Therapy Services, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allison J. Murphy
- Neuroscience Graduate Program (A.J.M.), University of Rochester, NY. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Neurorehabilitation and Therapy Services, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ajina
- Flaum Eye Institute (B.K.F., M.R.C., S.J., K.R.H.), University of Rochester, NY. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Neurorehabilitation and Therapy Services, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Graduate Program (A.J.M.), University of Rochester, NY. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Neurorehabilitation and Therapy Services, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Bridge
- Flaum Eye Institute (B.K.F., M.R.C., S.J., K.R.H.), University of Rochester, NY. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Neurorehabilitation and Therapy Services, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Graduate Program (A.J.M.), University of Rochester, NY. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Neurorehabilitation and Therapy Services, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krystel R. Huxlin
- Flaum Eye Institute (B.K.F., M.R.C., S.J., K.R.H.), University of Rochester, NY. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Neurorehabilitation and Therapy Services, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Hayakawa K, Tanda K, Nishimura A, Kinoshita D, Kizaki Z, Ohno K. Diffusion Restriction in the Optic Radiation of Term Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Demonstrated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). J Child Neurol 2021; 36:950-957. [PMID: 34547931 DOI: 10.1177/08830738211015019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been no previous report of diffusion restriction in the optic radiation of term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Here, using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we assessed diffusion restriction in the optic radiation within the first 2 weeks of life and estimated signal changes and the apparent diffusion coefficient in the optic radiation and lateral geniculate body using T1-weighted MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy underwent MRI twice during the first 2 weeks of life. Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient were used to evaluate the presence of diffusion restriction in the optic radiation and lateral geniculate body. Apparent diffusion coefficient and T1 signal changes in the optic radiation and lateral geniculate body were also compared with those in 11 control neonates showing a normal pattern on MRI. RESULTS Diffusion restriction in the optic radiation was observed in 29% (13/45) of the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy neonates at a median age of 3.5 days (range: 1-9 days). The apparent diffusion coefficient in the optic radiation of affected neonates was significantly reduced in comparison with the controls. In all neonates with optic radiation involvement, increased T1 signal intensity was observed in the optic radiation in the second week, and was also evident in in lateral geniculate body in 8 of those neonates. CONCLUSION Diffusion restriction in the optic radiation is not rare among term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, being visualized by diffusion-weighted imaging in the first week of life and also high-intensity T1 signal changes in the second week. This diffusion restriction in the optic radiation might be due to transsynaptic neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Hayakawa
- Department of Radiology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanda
- Department of Neonatology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Department of Neonatology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Neonatology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zenro Kizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Ohno
- Department of Radiology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Trans-synaptic degeneration in the visual pathway: Neural connectivity, pathophysiology, and clinical implications in neurodegenerative disorders. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:411-426. [PMID: 34146577 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong interrelationship between eye and brain diseases. It has been shown that neurodegenerative changes can spread bidirectionally in the visual pathway along neuronal projections. For example, damage to retinal ganglion cells in the retina leads to degeneration of the visual cortex (anterograde degeneration) and vice versa (retrograde degeneration). The underlying mechanisms of this process, known as trans-synaptic degeneration (TSD), are unknown, but TSD contributes to the progression of numerous neurodegenerative disorders, leading to clinical and functional deterioration. The hierarchical structure of the visual system comprises of a strong topographic connectivity between the retina and the visual cortex and therefore serves as an ideal model to study the cellular effect, clinical manifestations, and deterioration extent of TSD. With this review we provide comprehensive information about the neural connectivity, synapse function, molecular changes, and pathophysiology of TSD in visual pathways. We then discuss its bidirectional nature and clinical implications in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough understanding of TSD in the visual pathway can provide insights into progression of neurodegenerative disorders and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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10
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Cocozza S, Schiavi S, Pontillo G, Battocchio M, Riccio E, Caccavallo S, Russo C, Di Risi T, Pisani A, Daducci A, Brunetti A. Microstructural damage of the cortico-striatal and thalamo-cortical fibers in Fabry disease: a diffusion MRI tractometry study. Neuroradiology 2020; 62:1459-1466. [PMID: 32700105 PMCID: PMC7568710 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-020-02497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Recent evidences have suggested the possible presence of an involvement of the extrapyramidal system in Fabry disease (FD), a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder. We aimed to investigate the microstructural integrity of the main tracts of the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loop in FD patients. Methods Forty-seven FD patients (mean age = 42.3 ± 16.3 years, M/F = 28/21) and 49 healthy controls (mean age = 42.3 ± 13.1 years, M/F = 19/28) were enrolled in this study. Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD), radial (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) maps were computed for each subject, and connectomes were built using a standard atlas. Diffusion metrics and connectomes were then combined to carry on a diffusion MRI tractometry analysis. The main afferent and efferent pathways of the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loop (namely, bundles connecting the precentral gyrus (PreCG) with the striatum and the thalamus) were evaluated. Results We found the presence of a microstructural involvement of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loop in FD patients, predominantly affecting the left side. In particular, we found significant lower mean FA values of the left cortico-striatal fibers (p = 0.001), coupled to higher MD (p = 0.001) and RD (p < 0.001) values, as well as higher MD (p = 0.01) and RD (p = 0.01) values at the level of the thalamo-cortical fibers. Conclusion We confirmed the presence of an alteration of the extrapyramidal system in FD patients, in line with recent evidences suggesting the presence of brain changes as a possible reflection of the subtle motor symptoms present in this condition. Our results suggest that, along with functional changes, microstructural damage of this pathway is also present in FD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Cocozza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Schiavi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pontillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Eleonora Riccio
- National Research Council of Italy (IRIB CNR), Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Caccavallo
- Department of Public Health, Nephrology Unit, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Teodolinda Di Risi
- Department of Public Health, Nephrology Unit, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE - Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Public Health, Nephrology Unit, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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11
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Schneider CL, Prentiss EK, Busza A, Matmati K, Matmati N, Williams ZR, Sahin B, Mahon BZ. Survival of retinal ganglion cells after damage to the occipital lobe in humans is activity dependent. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20182733. [PMID: 30963844 PMCID: PMC6408898 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the optic radiations or primary visual cortex leads to blindness in all or part of the contralesional visual field. Such damage disconnects the retina from its downstream targets and, over time, leads to trans-synaptic retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. To date, visual ability is the only predictor of retinal ganglion cell degeneration that has been investigated after geniculostriate damage. Given prior findings that some patients have preserved visual cortex activity for stimuli presented in their blind field, we tested whether that activity explains variability in retinal ganglion cell degeneration over and above visual ability. We prospectively studied 15 patients (four females, mean age = 63.7 years) with homonymous visual field defects secondary to stroke, 10 of whom were tested within the first two months after stroke. Each patient completed automated Humphrey visual field testing, retinotopic mapping with functional magnetic resonance imaging, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula. There was a positive relation between ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in the blind field and early visual cortex activity for stimuli presented in the blind field. Furthermore, residual visual cortex activity for stimuli presented in the blind field soon after the stroke predicted the degree of retinal GCC thinning six months later. These findings indicate that retinal ganglion cell survival after ischaemic damage to the geniculostriate pathway is activity dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen L Schneider
- 1 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY 14627 , USA.,2 Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA.,3 Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15206 , USA
| | - Emily K Prentiss
- 4 Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA
| | - Ania Busza
- 4 Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA
| | - Kelly Matmati
- 7 Department of Neurology, Rochester Regional Health , Rochester, NY 14621 , USA
| | - Nabil Matmati
- 7 Department of Neurology, Rochester Regional Health , Rochester, NY 14621 , USA
| | - Zoë R Williams
- 4 Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA.,5 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA.,6 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA
| | - Bogachan Sahin
- 4 Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- 3 Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15206 , USA.,4 Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA.,6 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA.,8 Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY 14642 , USA
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12
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Mancino R, Cesareo M, Martucci A, Di Carlo E, Ciuffoletti E, Giannini C, Morrone LA, Nucci C, Garaci F. Neurodegenerative Process Linking the Eye and the Brain. Curr Med Chem 2019. [PMID: 29521197 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180307114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature agrees that neurodegenerative processes involve both the retina and the central nervous system, which are two strictly related anatomical structures. However, the causal mechanisms of this dual involvement are still uncertain. To date, anterograde transsynaptic neurodegeneration, triggered by retinal ganglion cells' death, and retrograde transsynaptic neurodegeneration, induced by neurodegenerative processes of the central nervous system, has been considered the major possible causal mechanisms. The development of novel neuroimaging techniques has recently supported both the study of the central stations of the visual pathway as well as the study of the retina which is possibly an open window to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Mancino
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Cesareo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Martucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Di Carlo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ciuffoletti
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Clarissa Giannini
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine an d Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Dinkin M. Trans-synaptic Retrograde Degeneration in the Human Visual System: Slow, Silent, and Real. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2017; 17:16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Tanaka T, Ihara M. Post-stroke epilepsy. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:219-228. [PMID: 28202284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) is a common complication after stroke, yet treatment options remain limited. While many physicians prescribe antiepileptic drugs (AED) for secondary prevention of PSE, it is unclear which treatments are most effective in the prevention of recurrence of symptoms, or whether such therapy is needed for primary prevention. This review discusses the current understanding of epidemiology, diagnoses, mechanisms, risk factors, and treatments of PSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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