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Chen Y, Chen J, Pei Z, Qian W. Atypical neurological manifestations in anti-IgLON5 disease: a case report. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1340284. [PMID: 38450066 PMCID: PMC10915776 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1340284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-IgLON5 disease is a recently discovered autoimmune encephalopathy with sleep disorder as a hallmark in the majority of reported cases. Additional neurological manifestations include bulbar dysfunction, gait problems, movement disorders, oculomotor abnormalities, and hyperexcitability of the nervous system. At present, an increasing number of publications have dealt with the course and possible treatment options for anti-IgLON5 disease, and its clinical spectrum has expanded wider and more heterogeneous. Here, we report a case of a 66-year-old female with cognitive impairment accompanied by slow reaction, impaired memory, and decreased orientation. A positive cerebral MRI change and serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibodies against IgLON5 were found during the diagnostic course. Subsequently the patient received immunotherapy and was generally in good health with no new symptoms during follow-up. Early testing for IgLON5 antibodies should be considered in patients with atypical neurological symptoms such as cognitive impairment, slow reaction, or decreased orientation. In clinical practice, immunotherapy should be considered in all cases of anti-IgLON5 encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of General Practice, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Department of General Practice, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaohua Pei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of General Practice, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Grüter T, Möllers FE, Tietz A, Dargvainiene J, Melzer N, Heidbreder A, Strippel C, Kraft A, Höftberger R, Schöberl F, Thaler FS, Wickel J, Chung HY, Seifert F, Tschernatsch M, Nagel M, Lewerenz J, Jarius S, Wildemann BC, de Azevedo L, Heidenreich F, Heusgen R, Hofstadt-van Oy U, Linsa A, Maaß JJ, Menge T, Ringelstein M, Pedrosa DJ, Schill J, Seifert-Held T, Seitz C, Tonner S, Urbanek C, Zittel S, Markewitz R, Korporal-Kuhnke M, Schmitter T, Finke C, Brüggemann N, Bien CI, Kleiter I, Gold R, Wandinger KP, Kuhlenbäumer G, Leypoldt F, Ayzenberg I. Clinical, serological and genetic predictors of response to immunotherapy in anti-IgLON5 disease. Brain 2023; 146:600-611. [PMID: 35259208 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-IgLON5 disease is a newly defined clinical entity characterized by a progressive course with high disability and mortality rate. While precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear, features characteristic of both autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases were reported. Data on immunotherapy are limited, and its efficacy remains controversial. In this study, we retrospectively investigated an anti-IgLON5 disease cohort with special focus on clinical, serological and genetic predictors of the immunotherapy response and long-term outcome. Patients were recruited from the GENERATE (German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis) registry. Along with clinical parameters, anti-IgLON5 immunoglobulin (Ig)G in serum and CSF, anti-IgLON5 IgG1-4, IgA and IgM in serum, neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum as well as human leukocyte antigen-genotypes were determined. We identified 53 patients (symptom onset 63.8 ± 10.3 years, female:male 1:1.5). The most frequent initial clinical presentations were bulbar syndrome, hyperkinetic syndrome or isolated sleep disorder [at least one symptom present in 38% (20/53)]. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of patients had a generalized multi-systemic phenotype; nevertheless, 21% (11/53) still had an isolated brainstem syndrome and/or a characteristic sleep disorder only. About one third of patients [28% (15/53)] reported subacute disease onset and 51% (27/53) relapse-like exacerbations during the disease course. Inflammatory CSF changes were evident in 37% (19/51) and increased blood-CSF-barrier permeability in 46% (21/46). CSF cell count significantly decreased, while serum anti-IgLON5 IgG titre increased with disease duration. The presence of human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*10:01 [55% (24/44)] was associated with higher serum anti-IgLON5 IgG titres. Neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum were substantially increased (71.1 ± 103.9 pg/ml and 126.7 ± 73.3 pg/ml, respectively). First-line immunotherapy of relapse-like acute-to-subacute exacerbation episodes resulted in improvement in 41% (11/27) of patients and early initiation within the first 6 weeks was a predictor for therapy response. Sixty-eight per cent (36/53) of patients were treated with long-term immunotherapy and 75% (27/36) of these experienced no further disease progression (observation period of 20.2 ± 15.4 months). Long-term immunotherapy initiation during the first year after onset and low pre-treatment neurofilament light chain were significant predictors for a better outcome. In conclusion, subacute disease onset and early inflammatory CSF changes support the primary role of autoimmune mechanisms at least at initial stages of anti-IgLON5 disease. Early immunotherapy, prior to advanced neurodegeneration, is associated with a better long-term clinical outcome. Low serum neurofilament light chain at treatment initiation may serve as a potential biomarker of the immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Franziska E Möllers
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Tietz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justina Dargvainiene
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nico Melzer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Institute for Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Strippel
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Kraft
- Department of Neurology, Martha-Maria Hospital Halle-Dölau, Halle-Dölau, Germany
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Schöberl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska S Thaler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wickel
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Nagel
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte C Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucie de Azevedo
- Department of Neurology, Schön hospital Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fedor Heidenreich
- Department of Neurology, Diakovere Hospital Henriettenstift, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Hofstadt-van Oy
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Dortmund - Klinikum Westfalen, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Linsa
- Department of Neurology, Seenland Hospital Lausitz, Hoyerswerda, Germany
| | | | - Til Menge
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Ringelstein
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David J Pedrosa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Josef Schill
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Caspar Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Silke Tonner
- Department of Neurology, Saarland-Heilstätten, Hospital Merzig, Merzig, Germany
| | - Christian Urbanek
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Markewitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mirjam Korporal-Kuhnke
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke, Berg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Kuhlenbäumer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ilya Ayzenberg
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Molsberry SA, Hughes KC, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Who to Enroll in Parkinson Disease Prevention Trials? The Case for Composite Prodromal Cohorts. Neurology 2022; 99:26-33. [PMID: 35970591 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in expanding our understanding of prodromal Parkinson disease (PD), particularly for recognition of early motor and nonmotor signs and symptoms. Although identification of these prodromal features may improve our understanding of the earliest stages of PD, they are individually insufficient for early disease detection and enrollment of participants in prevention trials in most cases because of low sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Composite cohorts, composed of individuals with multiple co-occurring prodromal features, are an important resource for conducting prodromal PD research and eventual prevention trials because they are more representative of the population at risk for PD, allow investigators to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention across individuals with varying prodromal feature patterns, are able to produce larger sample sizes, and capture individuals at different stages of prodromal PD. A key challenge in identifying individuals with prodromal disease for composite cohorts and prevention trial participation is that we know little about the natural history of prodromal PD. To move toward prevention trials, it is critical that we better understand common prodromal feature patterns and be able to predict the probability of progression and phenoconversion. Ongoing research in cohort studies and administrative databases is beginning to address these questions, but further longitudinal analyses in a large population-based sample are necessary to provide a convincing and definitive strategy for identifying individuals to be enrolled in a prevention trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Molsberry
- From the Department of Nutrition (S.A.M., A.A.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Epidemiology (K.C.H.), Optum; Department of Neurology (M.A.S.), and MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology (A.A.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Katherine C Hughes
- From the Department of Nutrition (S.A.M., A.A.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Epidemiology (K.C.H.), Optum; Department of Neurology (M.A.S.), and MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology (A.A.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- From the Department of Nutrition (S.A.M., A.A.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Epidemiology (K.C.H.), Optum; Department of Neurology (M.A.S.), and MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology (A.A.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- From the Department of Nutrition (S.A.M., A.A.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Epidemiology (K.C.H.), Optum; Department of Neurology (M.A.S.), and MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology (A.A.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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4
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Cao TQ, Harris GR, Lineback CM, Sokol LL, Mencacci N, Opal P. Clinical Reasoning: A 77-Year-Old Man With Involuntary Movements, Sleep Changes, Falls, Bulbar Symptoms, and Cognitive Complaints. Neurology 2022; 99:26-30. [PMID: 35487699 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 77-year-old-man presents with chorea, parasomnias, dysarthria and dysphagia, and cognitive issues. A broad workup reveals positive anti-IgLON5 antibody. This case report represents a textbook example of anti-IgLON5 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Qian Cao
- From the Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - Glenn R Harris
- From the Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina M Lineback
- From the Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Leonard L Sokol
- From the Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Niccolo Mencacci
- From the Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Puneet Opal
- From the Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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5
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Alvente S, Matteoli G, Molina-Porcel L, Landa J, Alba M, Bastianini S, Berteotti C, Graus F, Lo Martire V, Sabater L, Zoccoli G, Silvani A. Pilot Study of the Effects of Chronic Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Human Anti-IgLON5 Disease Antibodies in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061024. [PMID: 35326477 PMCID: PMC8947551 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anti-IgLON5 disease is a rare late-onset neurological disease associated with autoantibodies against IgLON5, neuronal accumulation of phosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau), and sleep, respiratory, and motor alterations. Purpose: We performed a pilot study of whether the neuropathological and clinical features of anti-IgLON5 disease may be recapitulated in mice with chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of human anti-IgLON5 disease IgG (Pt-IgG). Methods: Humanized transgenic hTau mice expressing human Tau protein and wild-type (WT) control mice were infused intracerebroventricularly with Pt-IgG or with antibodies from a control subject for 14 days. The sleep, respiratory, and motor phenotype was evaluated at the end of the antibody infusion and at least 30 days thereafter, followed by immunohistochemical assessment of p-Tau deposition. Results: In female hTau and WT mice infused with Pt-IgG, we found reproducible trends of diffuse neuronal cytoplasmic p-Tau deposits in the brainstem and hippocampus, increased ventilatory period during sleep, and decreased inter-lick interval during wakefulness. These findings were not replicated on male hTau mice. Conclusion: The results of our pilot study suggest, but do not prove, that chronic ICV infusion of mice with Pt-IgG may elicit neuropathological, respiratory, and motor alterations. These results should be considered as preliminary until replicated in larger studies taking account of potential sex differences in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alvente
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (V.L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gabriele Matteoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (V.L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-P.); (J.L.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (L.S.)
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Landa
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-P.); (J.L.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Mercedes Alba
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-P.); (J.L.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Stefano Bastianini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (V.L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (V.L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Francesc Graus
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-P.); (J.L.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Viviana Lo Martire
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (V.L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Lidia Sabater
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-P.); (J.L.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (L.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (V.L.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Silvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (V.L.M.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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El Shazly J, Juenemann M, Gerriets T, Tschernatsch M. Case Report: Neuropsychological Findings in IgLON5 Antibody Disorder. Front Neurol 2021; 12:632497. [PMID: 33633675 PMCID: PMC7901917 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.632497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IgLON5 antibody encephalopathy is a rare but increasingly recognized disorder with a variety of clinical signs. Typical symptoms are sleep disorder, gait disturbances, signs of bulbar dysfunction and a variety of neurological symptoms like oculomotor abnormalities and movement disorders. In addition, cognitive decline can be a prominent symptom. So far, there are only a few studies that have dealt with the course and possible treatment options of IgLON5 antibody encephalopathy. In this study the clinical case of a female patient with IgLON5 antibody disease and the response to treatment is described. Here we report on the case of a 67-year-old female patient who showed cognitive deterioration, gait difficulties, and chronic obstructive sleep disorder. The diagnostic course showed a positive anti-IgLON5 serum and anti-IgLON5 IgG antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was subsequently treated with high dosage i.v. methylprednisolone, i.v. immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis. Neuropsychological tests showed cognitive deficits in different domains, including verbal and visual memory. Both, neuropsychological deficits and antibody titer, showed an improvement after plasmapheresis. The presented case shows that IgLON5 disease can present with rapidly progressing cognitive deterioration as the prominent symptom, adding to the variety of clinical signs in this disorder. Testing for IgLON5-antibodies should be considered in patients with progressing cognitive decline, especially if accompanied by sleep disorders or neurological symptoms like oculomotor abnormalities, dysautonomia or bulbar signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin El Shazly
- Department of Neurology, Heart and Brain Research Group, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Psychocardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Martin Juenemann
- Department of Neurology, Heart and Brain Research Group, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tibo Gerriets
- Department of Neurology, Heart and Brain Research Group, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Gesundheitszentrum Wetterau, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Marlene Tschernatsch
- Department of Neurology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Gesundheitszentrum Wetterau, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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7
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Tao QQ, Wei Q, Song SJ, Yin XZ. Motor neuron disease-like phenotype associated with anti-IgLON5 disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1305-1308. [PMID: 30105827 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Jiang Song
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Zhen Yin
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Lloyd-Smith Sequeira A, Rizzo JR, Rucker JC. Clinical Approach to Supranuclear Brainstem Saccadic Gaze Palsies. Front Neurol 2017; 8:429. [PMID: 28878733 PMCID: PMC5572401 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of brainstem supranuclear centers for saccadic eye movements results in the clinical presence of a brainstem-mediated supranuclear saccadic gaze palsy (SGP), which is manifested as slowing of saccades with or without range of motion limitation of eye movements and as loss of quick phases of optokinetic nystagmus. Limitation in the range of motion of eye movements is typically worse with saccades than with smooth pursuit and is overcome with vestibular–ocular reflexive eye movements. The differential diagnosis of SGPs is broad, although acute-onset SGP is most often from brainstem infarction and chronic vertical SGP is most commonly caused by the neurodegenerative condition progressive supranuclear palsy. In this review, we discuss the brainstem anatomy and physiology of the brainstem saccade-generating network; we discuss the clinical features of SGPs, with an emphasis on insights from quantitative ocular motor recordings; and we consider the broad differential diagnosis of SGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John-Ross Rizzo
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Janet C Rucker
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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