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Grüter T, Möllers FE, Tietz A, Dargvainiene J, Melzer N, Heidbreder A, Strippel C, Kraft A, Höftberger R, Schöberl F, Thaler FS, Wickel J, Chung HY, Seifert F, Tschernatsch M, Nagel M, Lewerenz J, Jarius S, Wildemann BC, de Azevedo L, Heidenreich F, Heusgen R, Hofstadt-van Oy U, Linsa A, Maaß JJ, Menge T, Ringelstein M, Pedrosa DJ, Schill J, Seifert-Held T, Seitz C, Tonner S, Urbanek C, Zittel S, Markewitz R, Korporal-Kuhnke M, Schmitter T, Finke C, Brüggemann N, Bien CI, Kleiter I, Gold R, Wandinger KP, Kuhlenbäumer G, Leypoldt F, Ayzenberg I. Clinical, serological and genetic predictors of response to immunotherapy in anti-IgLON5 disease. Brain 2023; 146:600-611. [PMID: 35259208 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-IgLON5 disease is a newly defined clinical entity characterized by a progressive course with high disability and mortality rate. While precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear, features characteristic of both autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases were reported. Data on immunotherapy are limited, and its efficacy remains controversial. In this study, we retrospectively investigated an anti-IgLON5 disease cohort with special focus on clinical, serological and genetic predictors of the immunotherapy response and long-term outcome. Patients were recruited from the GENERATE (German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis) registry. Along with clinical parameters, anti-IgLON5 immunoglobulin (Ig)G in serum and CSF, anti-IgLON5 IgG1-4, IgA and IgM in serum, neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum as well as human leukocyte antigen-genotypes were determined. We identified 53 patients (symptom onset 63.8 ± 10.3 years, female:male 1:1.5). The most frequent initial clinical presentations were bulbar syndrome, hyperkinetic syndrome or isolated sleep disorder [at least one symptom present in 38% (20/53)]. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of patients had a generalized multi-systemic phenotype; nevertheless, 21% (11/53) still had an isolated brainstem syndrome and/or a characteristic sleep disorder only. About one third of patients [28% (15/53)] reported subacute disease onset and 51% (27/53) relapse-like exacerbations during the disease course. Inflammatory CSF changes were evident in 37% (19/51) and increased blood-CSF-barrier permeability in 46% (21/46). CSF cell count significantly decreased, while serum anti-IgLON5 IgG titre increased with disease duration. The presence of human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*10:01 [55% (24/44)] was associated with higher serum anti-IgLON5 IgG titres. Neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum were substantially increased (71.1 ± 103.9 pg/ml and 126.7 ± 73.3 pg/ml, respectively). First-line immunotherapy of relapse-like acute-to-subacute exacerbation episodes resulted in improvement in 41% (11/27) of patients and early initiation within the first 6 weeks was a predictor for therapy response. Sixty-eight per cent (36/53) of patients were treated with long-term immunotherapy and 75% (27/36) of these experienced no further disease progression (observation period of 20.2 ± 15.4 months). Long-term immunotherapy initiation during the first year after onset and low pre-treatment neurofilament light chain were significant predictors for a better outcome. In conclusion, subacute disease onset and early inflammatory CSF changes support the primary role of autoimmune mechanisms at least at initial stages of anti-IgLON5 disease. Early immunotherapy, prior to advanced neurodegeneration, is associated with a better long-term clinical outcome. Low serum neurofilament light chain at treatment initiation may serve as a potential biomarker of the immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Franziska E Möllers
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Tietz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justina Dargvainiene
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nico Melzer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Institute for Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Strippel
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Kraft
- Department of Neurology, Martha-Maria Hospital Halle-Dölau, Halle-Dölau, Germany
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Schöberl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska S Thaler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wickel
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Nagel
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte C Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucie de Azevedo
- Department of Neurology, Schön hospital Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fedor Heidenreich
- Department of Neurology, Diakovere Hospital Henriettenstift, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Hofstadt-van Oy
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Dortmund - Klinikum Westfalen, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Linsa
- Department of Neurology, Seenland Hospital Lausitz, Hoyerswerda, Germany
| | | | - Til Menge
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Ringelstein
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David J Pedrosa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Josef Schill
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Caspar Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Silke Tonner
- Department of Neurology, Saarland-Heilstätten, Hospital Merzig, Merzig, Germany
| | - Christian Urbanek
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Markewitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mirjam Korporal-Kuhnke
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke, Berg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Kuhlenbäumer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ilya Ayzenberg
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Saleh A, Jung R, Tonner S, Hornof F, Strittmatter M. Post-coronavirus disease 2019 polyneuropathy with significant response to immunoglobulin therapy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:547. [PMID: 34727992 PMCID: PMC8561376 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, were originally assumed to be mainly respiratory. With increasing knowledge, however, it turned out that the spectrum of complaints varies broadly with age and concomitant diseases. While many neurological symptoms were reported in the context of the disease, ranging from permanent fatigue to recurrent headaches and concentration disturbance, treatment approaches are still in development. This case discusses a possible treatment approach with immunoglobulin therapy and its outcomes. Case presentation We present the case of a 56-year-old Caucasian female patient who, following coronavirus disease 2019, developed peripheral sensory and autonomic disturbances that fell within subacute demyelinating neuropathy. Because a significant improvement in symptoms as well as in the results of clinical and electrophysiological examination was reported after immunoglobulin therapy, long-term therapy does not appear to be necessary. Conclusion Given the significant subjective and objective improvement reported, this case provides additional evidence that immunoglobulin therapy can be considered in post-coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saleh
- Neurology Department, SHG Klinikum Merzig, 66663, Merzig, Germany.
| | - R Jung
- Neurology Department, SHG Klinikum Merzig, 66663, Merzig, Germany
| | - S Tonner
- Neurology Department, SHG Klinikum Merzig, 66663, Merzig, Germany
| | - F Hornof
- Neurology Department, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Merzig, 66663, Merzig, Germany
| | - M Strittmatter
- Neurology Department, SHG Klinikum Merzig, 66663, Merzig, Germany
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Behnke S, Schlechtriemen T, Binder A, Bachhuber M, Becker M, Trauth B, Lesmeister M, Spüntrup E, Walter S, Hoor L, Ragoschke-Schumm A, Merzou F, Tarantini L, Bertsch T, Guldner J, Magull-Seltenreich A, Maier F, Massing C, Fischer V, Gawlitza M, Donnevert K, Lamberty HM, Jung S, Strittmatter M, Tonner S, Schuler J, Liszka R, Wagenpfeil S, Grunwald IQ, Reith W, Fassbender K. Effects of state-wide implementation of the Los Angeles Motor Scale for triage of stroke patients in clinical practice. Neurol Res Pract 2021; 3:31. [PMID: 34059132 PMCID: PMC8167958 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-021-00128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prehospital identification of stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO), that should be immediately transported to a thrombectomy capable centre is an unsolved problem. Our aim was to determine whether implementation of a state-wide standard operating procedure (SOP) using the Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) is feasible and enables correct triage of stroke patients to hospitals offering (comprehensive stroke centres, CSCs) or not offering (primary stroke centres, PSCs) thrombectomy. METHODS Prospective study involving all patients with suspected acute stroke treated in a 4-month period in a state-wide network of all stroke-treating hospitals (eight PSCs and two CSCs). Primary endpoint was accuracy of the triage SOP in correctly transferring patients to CSCs or PSCs. Additional endpoints included the number of secondary transfers, the accuracy of the LAMS for detection of LVO, apart from stroke management metrics. RESULTS In 1123 patients, use of a triage SOP based on the LAMS allowed triage decisions according to LVO status with a sensitivity of 69.2% (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): 59.0-79.5%) and a specificity of 84.9% (95%-CI: 82.6-87.3%). This was more favourable than the conventional approach of transferring every patient to the nearest stroke-treating hospital, as determined by geocoding for each patient (sensitivity, 17.9% (95%-CI: 9.4-26.5%); specificity, 100% (95%-CI: 100-100%)). Secondary transfers were required for 14 of the 78 (17.9%) LVO patients. Regarding the score itself, LAMS detected LVO with a sensitivity of 67.5% (95%-CI: 57.1-78.0%) and a specificity of 83.5% (95%-CI: 81.0-86.0%). CONCLUSIONS State-wide implementation of a triage SOP requesting use of the LAMS tool is feasible and improves triage decision-making in acute stroke regarding the most appropriate target hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Behnke
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger St. Bldg. 90, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Binder
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Monika Bachhuber
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger St. Bldg. 90, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mark Becker
- Zweckverband für Rettungsdienst und Feuerwehralarmierung Saar, Bexbach, Germany
| | - Benedikt Trauth
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger St. Bldg. 90, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lesmeister
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger St. Bldg. 90, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Spüntrup
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Silke Walter
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger St. Bldg. 90, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Hoor
- Zweckverband für Rettungsdienst und Feuerwehralarmierung Saar, Bexbach, Germany
| | - Andreas Ragoschke-Schumm
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger St. Bldg. 90, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fatma Merzou
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger St. Bldg. 90, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Luca Tarantini
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger St. Bldg. 90, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Guldner
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Püttlingen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Maier
- Department of Neurology, Caritas-Klinikum Saarbrücken St. Theresia, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph Massing
- Department of Neurology, Caritas-Klinikum Saarbrücken St. Theresia, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volkmar Fischer
- Department of Neurology, Diakonie Klinikum Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Gawlitza
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Katrin Donnevert
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Sulzbach, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Jung
- Department of Neurology, Marienhaus Klinikum Saarlouis-Dillingen, Dillingen, Germany
| | | | - Silke Tonner
- Department of Neurology, SHG Klinikum Merzig, Merzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Schuler
- Department of Neurology, Marienhaus Klinik St. Wendel, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Robert Liszka
- Department of Neurology, Marienhaus Klinik St. Wendel, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - Iris Q Grunwald
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.,Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Wolfgang Reith
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger St. Bldg. 90, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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