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Vermoyal JC, Hardy D, Goirand-Lopez L, Vinck A, Silvagnoli L, Fortoul A, Francis F, Cappello S, Bureau I, Represa A, Cardoso C, Watrin F, Marissal T, Manent JB. Grey matter heterotopia subtypes show specific morpho-electric signatures and network dynamics. Brain 2024; 147:996-1010. [PMID: 37724593 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Grey matter heterotopia (GMH) are neurodevelopmental disorders associated with abnormal cortical function and epilepsy. Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) are two well-recognized GMH subtypes in which neurons are misplaced, either forming nodules lining the ventricles in PVNH, or forming bands in the white matter in SBH. Although both PVNH and SBH are commonly associated with epilepsy, it is unclear whether these two GMH subtypes differ in terms of pathological consequences or, on the contrary, share common altered mechanisms. Here, we studied two robust preclinical models of SBH and PVNH, and performed a systematic comparative assessment of the physiological and morphological diversity of heterotopia neurons, as well as the dynamics of epileptiform activity and input connectivity. We uncovered a complex set of altered properties, including both common and distinct physiological and morphological features across heterotopia subtypes, and associated with specific dynamics of epileptiform activity. Taken together, these results suggest that pro-epileptic circuits in GMH are, at least in part, composed of neurons with distinct, subtype-specific, physiological and morphological properties depending on the heterotopia subtype. Our work supports the notion that GMH represent a complex set of disorders, associating both shared and diverging pathological consequences, and contributing to forming epileptogenic networks with specific properties. A deeper understanding of these properties may help to refine current GMH classification schemes by identifying morpho-electric signatures of GMH subtypes, to potentially inform new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Vermoyal
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Delphine Hardy
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Lucas Goirand-Lopez
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Antonin Vinck
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Lucas Silvagnoli
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Aurélien Fortoul
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM, Sorbonne University, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Ingrid Bureau
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Alfonso Represa
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Françoise Watrin
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Thomas Marissal
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Manent
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
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2
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Martin OY, Hamby DK, Graham BH, Jacob SA. Pancytopenia, Hepatomegaly, and Neurologic Abnormalities in Two Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Rev 2023; 44:S29-S34. [PMID: 37777240 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2020-001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke Y Martin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Deborah K Hamby
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Seethal A Jacob
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
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3
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Zhou DJ, Chen J, White ML. Subcortical band heterotopia disrupting white matter tracts. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 115:129-131. [PMID: 37549436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Zhou
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Matthew L White
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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4
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Kurokawa M, Kurokawa R, Tamura K, Baba A, Ota Y, Nakaya M, Yokoyama K, Kim J, Moritani T, Abe O. Imaging Features of Ectopic Tissues and Their Complications: Embryologic and Anatomic Approach. Radiographics 2023; 43:e220111. [PMID: 37141139 DOI: 10.1148/rg.220111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic tissue is an anatomic abnormality in which tissue develops in an area outside its normal location. It is primarily caused by abnormalities during the process of embryologic development. Although the majority of individuals with ectopic tissues remain asymptomatic, various symptoms and associated complications can occur. Failure in normal embryologic development leads to loss of normal physiologic function or may result in harmful functions such as ectopic hormonal secretion in the ectopic pituitary adenoma. Ectopic tissues may also frequently mimic tumors. For example, developmental abnormalities in the pharyngeal pouches may result in an ectopic parathyroid gland and ectopic thymus, both of which are frequently misdiagnosed as tumors. Adequate knowledge of embryology is essential for understanding the differential diagnoses of ectopic tissues and facilitating appropriate management. The authors summarize the embryologic development and pathogenesis of ectopic tissues by using illustrations to facilitate a deeper understanding of embryologic development and anatomy. Characteristic imaging findings (US, CT, MRI, and scintigraphy) are described for ectopic tissues of the brain, head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis by focusing on common conditions that radiologists may encounter in daily practice and their differential diagnoses. ©RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kurokawa
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Ryo Kurokawa
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Akira Baba
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Yoshiaki Ota
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Moto Nakaya
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Kota Yokoyama
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - John Kim
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Toshio Moritani
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Osamu Abe
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (M.K., R.K., A.B., Y.O., J.K., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., R.K., M.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (K.T.); and Department of Radiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.)
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5
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Pickrell WO, Fry AE. Epilepsy genetics: a practical guide for adult neurologists. Pract Neurol 2023; 23:111-119. [PMID: 36639246 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2022-003623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of epilepsy genetics is important for adult neurologists, as making a genetic diagnosis gives clinical benefit. In this review, we describe the key features of different groups of genetic epilepsies. We describe the common available genetic tests for epilepsy, and how to interpret them.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Owen Pickrell
- Department of Neurology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Andrew E Fry
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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6
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Bongers JJ, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Hammond G, José-López R. Clinical and MRI findings of a suspected cortical malformation presented as a giant cerebral pseudomass in a German Shepherd dog. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7057. [PMID: 36911639 PMCID: PMC9995673 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-month-old German Shepherd dog was presented with cluster seizures. MR imaging showed a large irregular pseudomass in the central region of the cranial cavity, compatible with a malformation of cortical development. Despite the extensive changes, the patient was neurologically normal interictally 1 year following diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Jacqueline Bongers
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Gawain Hammond
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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7
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Cuccurullo C, Miele G, Piccolo G, Bilo L, Accogli A, D'Amico A, Fratta M, Guerrisi S, Iacomino M, Salpietro V, Ugga L, Striano P, Coppola A. Hydranencephaly in CENPJ-related Seckel syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Structural association between heterotopia and cortical lesions visualised with 7 T MRI in patients with focal epilepsy. Seizure 2022; 101:177-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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9
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Congenital Brain Malformations: An Integrated Diagnostic Approach. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 42:100973. [PMID: 35868725 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital brain malformations are abnormalities present at birth that can result from developmental disruptions at various embryonic or fetal stages. The clinical presentation is nonspecific and can include developmental delay, hypotonia, and/or epilepsy. An informed combination of imaging and genetic testing enables early and accurate diagnosis and management planning. In this article, we provide a streamlined approach to radiologic phenotyping and genetic evaluation of brain malformations. We will review the clinical workflow for brain imaging and genetic testing with up-to-date ontologies and literature references. The organization of this article introduces a streamlined approach for imaging-based etiologic classification into malformative, destructive, and migrational abnormalities. Specific radiologic ontologies are then discussed in detail, with correlation of key neuroimaging features to embryology and molecular pathogenesis.
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10
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EROĞLU Y, AĞLAMIŞ S. Gri Cevher Heterotopisi Bulunan Pediatrik Hastaların Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Bulguları ve Eşlik Eden Malformasyonların Değerlendirilmesi. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.1023811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study is to classify gray matter heterotopias according to magnetic resonance imaging findings and to define the accompanying malformations.
Methods: Images of all pediatric patients who were detected to have heterotopia in brain magnetic resonance imaging between January 2012 and June 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. The type, location of heterotopia, and accompanying cerebral anomalies were analyzed.
Results: A total of 42 patients, 22 male, and 20 female, with a mean age of 7.80 ± 4.53 years (2-16 years) with gray matter heterotopia were included in the study. Of the patients, 33 (78.6%) had subependymal, 7 (16.7%) had subcortical, and 2 (4.7%) had band heterotopia. Twenty-four patients had epilepsy.
Conclusion: The sub ependymal heterotopias were frequently located in the trigon region of the lateral ventricles. All subcortical heterotopias were in the frontal and unifocal locations. Band heterotopias were located bilaterally and subcortically in a symmetrical fashion in the cerebral hemisphere. The main accompanying anomalies were ventriculomegaly, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and corpus callosum agenesis. Considering the neurological developments of pediatric patients, it is important to identify the type of heterotopia and accompanying anomalies for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim EROĞLU
- Firat University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Elazig
| | - Serpil AĞLAMIŞ
- Firat University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Elazig
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11
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Alves IS, Coutinho AMN, Vieira APF, Rocha BP, Passos UL, Gonçalves VT, Silva PDS, Zhan MX, Pinho PC, Delgado DS, Docema MFL, Lee HW, Policeni BA, Leite CC, Martin MGM, Amancio CT. Imaging Aspects of the Hippocampus. Radiographics 2022; 42:822-840. [PMID: 35213261 DOI: 10.1148/rg.210153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most sophisticated structures in the brain, owing to its complex anatomy, intriguing functions, relationship with other structures, and relevant associated symptoms. Despite being a structure analyzed for centuries, its anatomy and physiology in the human body are still being extensively studied, as well as associated pathologic conditions and potential biomarkers. It can be affected by a broad group of diseases that can be classified as congenital, degenerative, infectious or inflammatory, neoplastic, vascular, or toxic-metabolic disease. The authors present the anatomy and close structures, function, and development of the hippocampus, as well as an original algorithm for imaging diagnosis. The algorithm includes pathologic conditions that typically affect the hippocampus and groups them into nodular (space occupying) and nonnodular pathologic conditions, serving as a guide to narrow the differential diagnosis. MRI is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of the hippocampus, and CT and nuclear medicine also improve the analysis. The MRI differential diagnosis depends on anatomic recognition and careful characterization of associated imaging findings such as volumetric changes, diffusion restriction, cystic appearance, hyperintensity at T1-weighted imaging, enhancement, or calcification, which play a central role in diagnosis along with clinical findings. Some pathologic conditions arising from surrounding structures such as the amygdala are also important to recognize. Pathologic conditions of the hippocampus can be a challenge to diagnose because they usually manifest as similar clinical syndromes, so the imaging findings play a potential role in guiding the final diagnosis. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela S Alves
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Artur M N Coutinho
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Ana P F Vieira
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Bruno P Rocha
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Ula L Passos
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Vinicius T Gonçalves
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Paulo D S Silva
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Malia X Zhan
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Paula C Pinho
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Daniel S Delgado
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Marcos F L Docema
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Hae W Lee
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Bruno A Policeni
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Claudia C Leite
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Maria G M Martin
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
| | - Camila T Amancio
- From the Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo SP 01308-050, Brazil (I.S.A., A.M.N.C., A.P.F.V., B.P.R., U.L.P., V.T.G., P.C.P., D.S.D., M.F.L.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., C.T.A.); Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil (A.M.N.C., P.C.P., C.C.L., M.G.M.M.); Department of Neurology, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil (P.D.S.S.); and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (M.X.Z., B.A.P.)
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12
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Pediatric Brain Maturation and Migration Disorders. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051123. [PMID: 35626279 PMCID: PMC9139849 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders, including neuronal migration disorders, are best understood in the context of altered normal development. Neurons normally migrate from their site of origin to their (usually cortical) destination using a wide range of molecular and cellular signaling as a guide. In the case of abnormal migration neurons: (1) do not migrate and remain at their site of origin; (2) incompletely migrate and remain within the white matter; (3) migrate to the cortex but fail to organize correctly; or (4) over-migrate, beyond the cortex. In this review, we discuss normal brain development, along with the malformations that result from these different migration abnormalities.
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13
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Complementing the phenotypical spectrum of TUBA1A tubulinopathy and its role in early-onset epilepsies. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:298-306. [PMID: 35017693 PMCID: PMC8904761 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-01027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TUBA1A tubulinopathy is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with brain malformations as well as early-onset and intractable epilepsy. As pathomechanisms and genotype-phenotype correlations are not completely understood, we aimed to provide further insights into the phenotypic and genetic spectrum. We here present a multicenter case series of ten unrelated individuals from four European countries using systematic MRI re-evaluation, protein structure analysis, and prediction score modeling. In two cases, pregnancy was terminated due to brain malformations. Amongst the eight living individuals, the phenotypic range showed various severity. Global developmental delay and severe motor impairment with tetraparesis was present in 63% and 50% of the subjects, respectively. Epilepsy was observed in 75% of the cases, which showed infantile onset in 83% and a refractory course in 50%. One individual presented a novel TUBA1A-associated electroclinical phenotype with evolvement from early myoclonic encephalopathy to continuous spike-and-wave during sleep. Neuroradiological features comprised a heterogeneous spectrum of cortical and extracortical malformations including rare findings such as cobblestone lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia. Two individuals developed hydrocephalus with subsequent posterior infarction. We report four novel and five previously published TUBA1A missense variants whose resulting amino acid substitutions likely affect longitudinal, lateral, and motor protein interactions as well as GTP binding. Assessment of pathogenic and benign variant distributions in synopsis with prediction scores revealed sections of variant enrichment and intolerance to missense variation. We here extend the clinical, neuroradiological, and genetic spectrum of TUBA1A tubulinopathy and provide insights into residue-specific pathomechanisms and genotype-phenotype correlations.
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14
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Lin JR, Cheng JF, Liu YT, Hsu TR, Lin KM, Chen C, Lin CL, Tsai MH, Tsai JW. Novel lissencephaly-associated DCX variants in the C-terminal DCX domain affect microtubule binding and dynamics. Epilepsia 2022; 63:1253-1265. [PMID: 35213059 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathogenic variants in DCX on the X chromosome lead to lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), brain malformations caused by neuronal migration defects. Its product doublecortin (DCX) binds to microtubules to modulate microtubule polymerization. How pathogenic DCX variants affect these activities remains not fully investigated. METHODS DCX variants were identified using whole exome and Sanger sequencing from six families with lissencephaly/SBH. We examined how these variants affect DCX functions using microtubule binding, regrowth, and colocalization assays. RESULTS We found novel DCX variants p.Val177AlafsTer31 and p.Gly188Trp, as well as reported variants p.Arg196His, p.Lys202Met, and p.Thr203Ala. Incidentally, all of the missense variants were clustered on the C-terminal DCX domain. The microtubule binding ability was significantly decreased in p.Val177AlafsTer31, p.Gly188Trp, p.Lys202Met, and previously reported p.Asp262Gly variants. Furthermore, expression of p.Val177AlafsTer31, p.Gly188Trp, p.Arg196His, p.Lys202Met, and p.Asp262Gly variants hindered microtubule growth in cells. There were also decreases in the colocalization of p.Val177AlafsTer31, p.Thr203Ala, and p.Asp262Gly variants to microtubules. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that these variants in the C-terminal DCX domain altered microtubule binding and dynamics, which may underlie neuronal migration defects during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ru Lin
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Epilepsy, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Rong Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Min Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chien Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Epilepsy, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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15
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Gray matter heterotopia: clinical and neuroimaging report on 22 children. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:153-162. [PMID: 34471972 PMCID: PMC8894204 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics and neuroimaging features of childhood presenting with gray matter heterotopia observed in a single tertiary Pediatric Department in Catania and compare the data with those reported in the literature. METHODS A retrospectively review of the history, clinical findings, electrophysiological features and magnetic resonance images of 22 children presenting with gray matter heterotopia observed from January 2010 to January 2020. RESULTS Among the 22 children included in the study, 17 presented with periventricular heterotopia (PVNH), two with Subcortical Band Heterotopia (SBH), and three with other subcortical heterotopia (SUBH). In the affected children, the ages at first diagnosis ranged from 3 months to 16 years with a mean age of 8.2 years (± 5.4); twelve (54.5%) suffered by developmental delay and intellectual deficit; eleven children (50%) complained of epileptic seizures, mostly focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. In addition, in the periventricular heterotopia group (PVNH), cerebral and systemic malformations were reported in twelve (70%) and in ten (58%) children, respectively, out of seventeen. In the SBH plus SUBH group, epileptic seizures were recorded in 3 (60%) out of 5 children, cerebral malformations in one child and systemic malformations in two children. CONCLUSIONS Heterotopic gray matter malformations include a group of disorders that manifest with a variety of neurological implications, such as cognitive impairment and epilepsy, and often related with epilepsy, other cerebral malformations and systemic anomalies.
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16
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Eroglu Y, Tuncer Kara K. Comparative Evaluation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values of White Matter Surrounding the Heterotopia in Children With Unilateral Subependymal Heterotopia. Cureus 2022; 14:e21458. [PMID: 35223242 PMCID: PMC8860685 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the white matter around heterotopia in children with unilateral subependymal heterotopia with those of the symmetrical normal cerebral hemisphere and control group. Methods: Between January 2011 and September 2021, 15 pediatric patients with unilateral focal subependymal heterotopia among 47 patients with heterotopia detected in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our hospital were included in the study. The control group consisted of 15 age- and sex-matched children with normal neurological examination and normal brain MRI. In brain MRIs, ADC value was measured from the white matter around the heterotopia area and from the opposite cerebral hemisphere matched to the location, and from the bilateral location-matched white matter of the control group. The area of heterotopia was measured on axial T1-weighted MRI. The data were evaluated statistically. Results: There were eight girls and seven boys in the heterotopia group. The median age was 5.00 (min: 3, max: 14). There was no statistically significant difference between the ADC values of the heterotopia side and contralateral white matter of the heterotopia group. In addition, no statistically significant difference was found between the heterotopia side and opposite sides of the heterotopia and control groups ADC values. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, no difference was found in the ADC values of the white matter around the lesion in children with subependymal heterotopia compared to the opposite cerebral hemisphere and control groups.
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17
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Nayyar N, Sood D, Kapila PT, Chauhan NS, Patial V. Transmantle Heterotopia or Closed Lip Schizencehaly: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:590-591. [PMID: 34728957 PMCID: PMC8513981 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_33_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Nayyar
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Dr RPGMC, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Sood
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Dr RPGMC, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti T Kapila
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Dr RPGMC, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Narvir S Chauhan
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Dr RPGMC, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Patial
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Dr RPGMC, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
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18
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Vriend I, Oegema R. Genetic causes underlying grey matter heterotopia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 35:82-92. [PMID: 34666232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Grey matter heterotopia (GMH) can cause of seizures and are associated with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders and syndromes. They are caused by a failure of neuronal migration during fetal development, leading to clusters of neurons that have not reached their final destination in the cerebral cortex. We have performed an extensive literature search in Pubmed, OMIM, and Google scholar and provide an overview of known genetic associations with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNVH), subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and other subcortical heterotopia (SUBH). We classified the heterotopias as PVNH, SBH, SUBH or other and collected the genetic information, frequency, imaging features and salient features in tables for every subtype of heterotopia. This resulted in 105 PVNH, 16 SBH and 25 SUBH gene/locus associations, making a total of 146 genes and chromosomal loci. Our study emphasizes the extreme genetic heterogeneity underlying GMH. It will aid the clinician in establishing an differential diagnosis and eventually a molecular diagnosis in GMH patients. A diagnosis enables proper counseling of prognosis and recurrence risks, and enables individualized patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Vriend
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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19
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The Names of Things: The 2018 Bernard Sachs Lecture. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 122:41-49. [PMID: 34330614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, I was honored to receive the Bernard Sachs Award for a lifetime of work expanding knowledge of diverse neurodevelopmental disorders. Summarizing work over more than 30 years is difficult but is an opportunity to chronicle the dramatic changes in the medical and scientific world that have transformed the field of Child Neurology over this time, as reflected in my own work. Here I have chosen to highlight five broad themes of my research beginning with my interest in descriptive terms that drive wider understanding and my choice for the title of this review. From there I will go on to contrast the state of knowledge as I entered the field with the state of knowledge today for four human brain malformations-lissencephaly, megalencephaly, cerebellar malformations, and polymicrogyria. For all, the changes have been dramatic.
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20
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González-Martínez J, Cwetsch AW, Martínez-Alonso D, López-Sainz LR, Almagro J, Melati A, Gómez J, Pérez-Martínez M, Megías D, Boskovic J, Gilabert-Juan J, Graña-Castro O, Pierani A, Behrens A, Ortega S, Malumbres M. Deficient adaptation to centrosome duplication defects in neural progenitors causes microcephaly and subcortical heterotopias. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e146364. [PMID: 34237032 PMCID: PMC8409993 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurodevelopmental disease associated with mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in centrosomal and chromosomal dynamics during mitosis. Detailed MCPH pathogenesis at the cellular level is still elusive, given the diversity of MCPH genes and lack of comparative in vivo studies. By generating a series of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic KOs, we report here that — whereas defects in spindle pole proteins (ASPM, MCPH5) result in mild MCPH during development — lack of centrosome (CDK5RAP2, MCPH3) or centriole (CEP135, MCPH8) regulators induces delayed chromosome segregation and chromosomal instability in neural progenitors (NPs). Our mouse model of MCPH8 suggests that loss of CEP135 results in centriole duplication defects, TP53 activation, and cell death of NPs. Trp53 ablation in a Cep135-deficient background prevents cell death but not MCPH, and it leads to subcortical heterotopias, a malformation seen in MCPH8 patients. These results suggest that MCPH in some MCPH patients can arise from the lack of adaptation to centriole defects in NPs and may lead to architectural defects if chromosomally unstable cells are not eliminated during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José González-Martínez
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrzej W Cwetsch
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U-1266, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Diego Martínez-Alonso
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis R López-Sainz
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Melati
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Gilabert-Juan
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,University of Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Alessandra Pierani
- Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U-1266, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Kinde B, Barkovich AJ, Horton JC. Congenital Visual Field Loss from a Schizencephalic Cleft Damaging Meyer's Loop. Neuroophthalmology 2021; 45:277-280. [PMID: 34366518 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2020.1844759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy, asymptomatic woman was referred after incidental discovery of a right superior incongruous hemianopia. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a schizencephalic cleft passing through Meyer's loop of the left optic radiation. The lesion may have resulted from a focal vascular accident or disruption of cortical neurogenesis during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyam Kinde
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan C Horton
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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22
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Peluso F, Caraffi SG, Zuntini R, Trimarchi G, Ivanovski I, Valeri L, Barbieri V, Marinelli M, Pancaldi A, Melli N, Cesario C, Agolini E, Cellini E, Radio FC, Crisafi A, Napoli M, Guerrini R, Tartaglia M, Novelli A, Gargano G, Zuffardi O, Garavelli L. Whole Exome Sequencing Is the Minimal Technological Approach in Probands Born to Consanguineous Couples. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070962. [PMID: 34202629 PMCID: PMC8303193 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on two siblings suffering from different pathogenic conditions, born to consanguineous parents. A multigene panel for brain malformations and microcephaly identified the homozygous splicing variant NM_005886.3:c.1416+1del in the KATNB1 gene in the older sister. On the other hand, exome sequencing revealed the homozygous frameshift variant NM_005245.4:c.9729del in the FAT1 gene in the younger sister, who had a more complex phenotype: in addition to bilateral anophthalmia and heart defects, she showed a right split foot with 4 toes, 5 metacarpals, second toe duplication and preaxial polydactyly on the right hand. These features have been never reported before in patients with pathogenic FAT1 variants and support the role of this gene in the development of limb buds. Notably, each parent was heterozygous for both of these variants, which were ultra-rare and rare, respectively. This study raises awareness about the value of using whole exome/genome sequencing rather than targeted gene panels when testing affected offspring born to consanguineous couples. In this way, exomic data from the parents are also made available for carrier screening, to identify heterozygous pathogenetic and likely pathogenetic variants in genes responsible for other recessive conditions, which may pose a risk for subsequent pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Peluso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.P.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (G.T.); (I.I.); (L.V.); (V.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.P.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (G.T.); (I.I.); (L.V.); (V.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Roberta Zuntini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.P.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (G.T.); (I.I.); (L.V.); (V.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Gabriele Trimarchi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.P.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (G.T.); (I.I.); (L.V.); (V.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Ivan Ivanovski
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.P.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (G.T.); (I.I.); (L.V.); (V.B.); (M.M.)
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik, Universität Zürich, 8952 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lara Valeri
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.P.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (G.T.); (I.I.); (L.V.); (V.B.); (M.M.)
- Post Graduate School of Paediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Veronica Barbieri
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.P.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (G.T.); (I.I.); (L.V.); (V.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Marinelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.P.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (G.T.); (I.I.); (L.V.); (V.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessia Pancaldi
- Post Graduate School of Paediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (N.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Nives Melli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (N.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Cesario
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Elena Cellini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Antonella Crisafi
- Pediatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Manuela Napoli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Giancarlo Gargano
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (N.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.P.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (G.T.); (I.I.); (L.V.); (V.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Hickman RA, Faust PL, Rosenblum MK, Marder K, Mehler MF, Vonsattel JP. Developmental malformations in Huntington disease: neuropathologic evidence of focal neuronal migration defects in a subset of adult brains. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:399-413. [PMID: 33517535 PMCID: PMC7882590 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathologic hallmarks of Huntington Disease (HD) include the progressive neurodegeneration of the striatum and the presence of Huntingtin (HTT) aggregates that result from abnormal polyQ expansion of the HTT gene. Whether the pathogenic trinucleotide repeat expansion of the HTT gene causes neurodevelopmental abnormalities has garnered attention in both murine and human studies; however, documentation of discrete malformations in autopsy brains of HD individuals has yet to be described. We retrospectively searched the New York Brain Bank (discovery cohort) and an independent cohort (validation cohort) to determine whether developmental malformations are more frequently detected in HD versus non-HD brains and to document their neuropathologic features. One-hundred and thirty HD and 1600 non-HD whole brains were included in the discovery cohort and 720 HD and 1989 non-HD half brains were assessed in the validation cohort. Cases with developmental malformations were found at 6.4–8.2 times greater frequency in HD than in non-HD brains (discovery cohort: OR 8.68, 95% CI 3.48–21.63, P=4.8 × 10-5; validation cohort: OR 6.50, 95% CI 1.83–23.17, P=0.0050). Periventricular nodular heterotopias (PNH) were the most frequent malformations and contained HTT and p62 aggregates analogous to the cortex, whereas cortical malformations with immature neuronal populations did not harbor such inclusions. HD individuals with malformations had heterozygous HTT CAG expansions between 40 and 52 repeats, were more frequently women, and all were asymmetric and focal, aside from one midline hypothalamic hamartoma. Using two independent brain bank cohorts, this large neuropathologic series demonstrates an increased occurrence of developmental malformations in HD brains. Since pathogenic HTT gene expansion is associated with genomic instability, one possible explanation is that neuronal precursors are more susceptible to somatic mutation of genes involved in cortical migration. Our findings further support emerging evidence that pathogenic trinucleotide repeat expansions of the HTT gene may impact neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hickman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
| | - P L Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - M K Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - K Marder
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - M F Mehler
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - J P Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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24
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Braden RO, Boyce JO, Stutterd CA, Pope K, Goel H, Leventer RJ, Scheffer IE, Morgan AT. Speech, Language, and Oromotor Skills in Patients With Polymicrogyria. Neurology 2021; 96:e1898-e1912. [PMID: 33589534 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether specific speech, language, and oromotor profiles are associated with different patterns of polymicrogyria, we assessed 52 patients with polymicrogyria using a battery of standardized tests and correlated findings with topography and severity of polymicrogyria. METHODS Patients were identified via clinical research databases and invited to participate, irrespective of cognitive and verbal language abilities. We conducted standardized assessments of speech, oromotor structure and function, language, and nonverbal IQ. Data were analyzed according to normative assessment data and descriptive statistics. We conducted a correlation analysis between topographic pattern and speech and language findings. RESULTS Fifty-two patients (33 male, 63%) were studied at an average age of 12.7 years (range 2.5-36 years). All patients had dysarthria, which ranged from mild impairment to anarthria. Developmental speech errors (articulation and phonology), oral motor structure and function deficits, and language disorder were frequent. A total of 23/29 (79%) had cognitive abilities in the low average to extremely low range. In the perisylvian polymicrogyria group (36/52), speech, everyday language, and oral motor impairments were more severe, compared to generalized (1 patient), frontal (3), polymicrogyria with periventricular nodular heterotopia (3), parasagittal parieto-occipital (1), mesial occipital (1), and other (7) patterns. CONCLUSIONS Dysarthria is a core feature of polymicrogyria, often accompanied by receptive and expressive language impairments. These features are associated with all polymicrogyria distribution patterns and more severe in individuals with bilateral polymicrogyria, particularly in the perisylvian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth O Braden
- From Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.O.B., J.O.B., C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Departments of Audiology and Speech Pathology (R.O.B., J.O.B., A.T.M.) and Paediatrics (C.A.S., R.J.L., I.E.S.), University of Melbourne; The Royal Children's Hospital (C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Victorian Clinical Genetics Service (C.A.S., K.P.), Parkville, Victoria; Hunter Genetics (H.G.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales; Austin Health (I.E.S.), Heidelberg, Victoria; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (I.E.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica O Boyce
- From Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.O.B., J.O.B., C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Departments of Audiology and Speech Pathology (R.O.B., J.O.B., A.T.M.) and Paediatrics (C.A.S., R.J.L., I.E.S.), University of Melbourne; The Royal Children's Hospital (C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Victorian Clinical Genetics Service (C.A.S., K.P.), Parkville, Victoria; Hunter Genetics (H.G.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales; Austin Health (I.E.S.), Heidelberg, Victoria; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (I.E.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chloe A Stutterd
- From Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.O.B., J.O.B., C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Departments of Audiology and Speech Pathology (R.O.B., J.O.B., A.T.M.) and Paediatrics (C.A.S., R.J.L., I.E.S.), University of Melbourne; The Royal Children's Hospital (C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Victorian Clinical Genetics Service (C.A.S., K.P.), Parkville, Victoria; Hunter Genetics (H.G.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales; Austin Health (I.E.S.), Heidelberg, Victoria; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (I.E.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Pope
- From Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.O.B., J.O.B., C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Departments of Audiology and Speech Pathology (R.O.B., J.O.B., A.T.M.) and Paediatrics (C.A.S., R.J.L., I.E.S.), University of Melbourne; The Royal Children's Hospital (C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Victorian Clinical Genetics Service (C.A.S., K.P.), Parkville, Victoria; Hunter Genetics (H.G.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales; Austin Health (I.E.S.), Heidelberg, Victoria; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (I.E.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Himanshu Goel
- From Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.O.B., J.O.B., C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Departments of Audiology and Speech Pathology (R.O.B., J.O.B., A.T.M.) and Paediatrics (C.A.S., R.J.L., I.E.S.), University of Melbourne; The Royal Children's Hospital (C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Victorian Clinical Genetics Service (C.A.S., K.P.), Parkville, Victoria; Hunter Genetics (H.G.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales; Austin Health (I.E.S.), Heidelberg, Victoria; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (I.E.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- From Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.O.B., J.O.B., C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Departments of Audiology and Speech Pathology (R.O.B., J.O.B., A.T.M.) and Paediatrics (C.A.S., R.J.L., I.E.S.), University of Melbourne; The Royal Children's Hospital (C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Victorian Clinical Genetics Service (C.A.S., K.P.), Parkville, Victoria; Hunter Genetics (H.G.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales; Austin Health (I.E.S.), Heidelberg, Victoria; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (I.E.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- From Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.O.B., J.O.B., C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Departments of Audiology and Speech Pathology (R.O.B., J.O.B., A.T.M.) and Paediatrics (C.A.S., R.J.L., I.E.S.), University of Melbourne; The Royal Children's Hospital (C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Victorian Clinical Genetics Service (C.A.S., K.P.), Parkville, Victoria; Hunter Genetics (H.G.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales; Austin Health (I.E.S.), Heidelberg, Victoria; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (I.E.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela T Morgan
- From Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.O.B., J.O.B., C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Departments of Audiology and Speech Pathology (R.O.B., J.O.B., A.T.M.) and Paediatrics (C.A.S., R.J.L., I.E.S.), University of Melbourne; The Royal Children's Hospital (C.A.S., K.P., R.J.L., I.E.S., A.T.M.); Victorian Clinical Genetics Service (C.A.S., K.P.), Parkville, Victoria; Hunter Genetics (H.G.), John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales; Austin Health (I.E.S.), Heidelberg, Victoria; and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (I.E.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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25
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Park KB, Chapman T, Aldinger KA, Mirzaa GM, Zeiger J, Beck A, Glass IA, Hevner RF, Jansen AC, Marshall DA, Oegema R, Parrini E, Saneto RP, Curry CJ, Hall JG, Guerrini R, Leventer RJ, Dobyns WB. The spectrum of brain malformations and disruptions in twins. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:2690-2718. [PMID: 33205886 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twins have an increased risk for congenital malformations and disruptions, including defects in brain morphogenesis. We analyzed data on brain imaging, zygosity, sex, and fetal demise in 56 proband twins and 7 less affected co-twins with abnormal brain imaging and compared them to population-based data and to a literature series. We separated our series into malformations of cortical development (MCD, N = 39), cerebellar malformations without MCD (N = 13), and brain disruptions (N = 11). The MCD group included 37/39 (95%) with polymicrogyria (PMG), 8/39 (21%) with pia-ependymal clefts (schizencephaly), and 15/39 (38%) with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) including 2 with PNH but not PMG. Cerebellar malformations were found in 19 individuals including 13 with a cerebellar malformation only and another 6 with cerebellar malformation and MCD. The pattern varied from diffuse cerebellar hypoplasia to classic Dandy-Walker malformation. Brain disruptions were seen in 11 individuals with hydranencephaly, porencephaly, or white matter loss without cysts. Our series included an expected statistically significant excess of monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (22/41 MZ, 54%) compared to population data (482/1448 MZ, 33.3%; p = .0110), and an unexpected statistically significant excess of dizygotic (DZ) twins (19/41, 46%) compared to the literature cohort (1/46 DZ, 2%; p < .0001. Recurrent association with twin-twin transfusion syndrome, intrauterine growth retardation, and other prenatal factors support disruption of vascular perfusion as the most likely unifying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee B Park
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Teresa Chapman
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jordan Zeiger
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anita Beck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Desiree A Marshall
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Renske Oegema
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Genetics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Russell P Saneto
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Judith G Hall
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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26
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Andelman-Gur MM, Leventer RJ, Hujirat M, Ganos C, Yosovich K, Carmi N, Lev D, Nissenkorn A, Dobyns WB, Bhatia K, Lerman-Sagie T, Blumkin L. Bilateral polymicrogyria associated with dystonia: A new neurogenetic syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2207-2213. [PMID: 33001581 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (PMG) is highly variable, including oromotor dysfunction, epilepsy, intellectual disability, and pyramidal signs. Extrapyramidal features are extremely rare. We present four apparently unrelated patients with a unique association of PMG with dystonia. The clinical, genetic, and radiologic features are described and possible mechanisms of dystonia are discussed. All patients were female and two were born to consanguineous families. All presented with early childhood onset dystonia. Other neurologic symptoms and signs classically seen in bilateral perisylvian PMG were observed, including oromotor dysfunction and speech abnormalities ranging from dysarthria to anarthria (4/4), pyramidal signs (3/4), hypotonia (3/4), postnatal microcephaly (1/4), and seizures (1/4). Neuroimaging showed a unique pattern of bilateral PMG with an infolded cortex originating primarily from the perisylvian region in three out of four patients. Whole exome sequencing was performed in two out of four patients and did not reveal pathogenic variants in known genes for cortical malformations or movement disorders. The dystonia seen in our patients is not described in bilateral PMG and suggests an underlying mechanism of impaired connectivity within the motor network or compromised cortical inhibition. The association of bilateral PMG with dystonia in our patients may represent a new neurogenetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Christos Ganos
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Keren Yosovich
- Metabolic-Neurogenetic Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Nirit Carmi
- Child Development Center, Maccabi Health Services, Bnei Brak, Israel
| | - Dorit Lev
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Metabolic-Neurogenetic Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Andreea Nissenkorn
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - William B Dobyns
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kailash Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tally Lerman-Sagie
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Metabolic-Neurogenetic Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Lubov Blumkin
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Metabolic-Neurogenetic Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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27
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Severino M, Geraldo AF, Utz N, Tortora D, Pogledic I, Klonowski W, Triulzi F, Arrigoni F, Mankad K, Leventer RJ, Mancini GMS, Barkovich JA, Lequin MH, Rossi A. Definitions and classification of malformations of cortical development: practical guidelines. Brain 2020; 143:2874-2894. [PMID: 32779696 PMCID: PMC7586092 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development are a group of rare disorders commonly manifesting with developmental delay, cerebral palsy or seizures. The neurological outcome is extremely variable depending on the type, extent and severity of the malformation and the involved genetic pathways of brain development. Neuroimaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis of these malformations, but several issues regarding malformations of cortical development definitions and classification remain unclear. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide standardized malformations of cortical development terminology and classification for neuroradiological pattern interpretation. A committee of international experts in paediatric neuroradiology prepared systematic literature reviews and formulated neuroimaging recommendations in collaboration with geneticists, paediatric neurologists and pathologists during consensus meetings in the context of the European Network Neuro-MIG initiative on Brain Malformations (https://www.neuro-mig.org/). Malformations of cortical development neuroimaging features and practical recommendations are provided to aid both expert and non-expert radiologists and neurologists who may encounter patients with malformations of cortical development in their practice, with the aim of improving malformations of cortical development diagnosis and imaging interpretation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Filipa Geraldo
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Norbert Utz
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Germany
| | - Domenico Tortora
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ivana Pogledic
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wlodzimierz Klonowski
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Department of Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, UK
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Neurology Royal Children’s Hospital, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James A Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maarten H Lequin
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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International consensus recommendations on the diagnostic work-up for malformations of cortical development. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:618-635. [PMID: 32895508 PMCID: PMC7790753 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that result from abnormal development of the cerebral cortex in utero. MCDs place a substantial burden on affected individuals, their families and societies worldwide, as these individuals can experience lifelong drug-resistant epilepsy, cerebral palsy, feeding difficulties, intellectual disability and other neurological and behavioural anomalies. The diagnostic pathway for MCDs is complex owing to wide variations in presentation and aetiology, thereby hampering timely and adequate management. In this article, the international MCD network Neuro-MIG provides consensus recommendations to aid both expert and non-expert clinicians in the diagnostic work-up of MCDs with the aim of improving patient management worldwide. We reviewed the literature on clinical presentation, aetiology and diagnostic approaches for the main MCD subtypes and collected data on current practices and recommendations from clinicians and diagnostic laboratories within Neuro-MIG. We reached consensus by 42 professionals from 20 countries, using expert discussions and a Delphi consensus process. We present a diagnostic workflow that can be applied to any individual with MCD and a comprehensive list of MCD-related genes with their associated phenotypes. The workflow is designed to maximize the diagnostic yield and increase the number of patients receiving personalized care and counselling on prognosis and recurrence risk.
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29
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Bamborschke D, Daimagüler HS, Hahn A, Hussain MS, Nürnberg P, Cirak S. Mutation in CEP135 causing primary microcephaly and subcortical heterotopia. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2450-2453. [PMID: 32643282 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bamborschke
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hülya-Sevcan Daimagüler
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Muhammad S Hussain
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebahattin Cirak
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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