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Neurometabolic Dysfunction in SPG11 Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224803. [PMID: 36432490 PMCID: PMC9693816 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants in SPG11 cause the most common autosomal recessive complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Besides the prototypical combination of spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum, obesity has increasingly been reported in this multisystem neurodegenerative disease. However, a detailed analysis of the metabolic state is lacking. METHODS In order to characterize metabolic alterations, a cross-sectional analysis was performed comparing SPG11 patients (n = 16) and matched healthy controls (n = 16). We quantified anthropometric parameters, body composition as determined by bioimpedance spectroscopy, and serum metabolic biomarkers, and we measured hypothalamic volume by high-field MRI. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, SPG11 patients exhibited profound changes in body composition, characterized by increased fat tissue index, decreased lean tissue index, and decreased muscle mass. The presence of lymphedema correlated with increased extracellular fluid. The serum levels of the adipokines leptin, resistin, and progranulin were significantly altered in SPG11 while adiponectin and C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP-3) were unchanged. MRI volumetry revealed a decreased hypothalamic volume in SPG11 patients. CONCLUSIONS Body composition, adipokine levels, and hypothalamic volume are altered in SPG11. Our data indicate a link between obesity and hypothalamic neurodegeneration in SPG11 and imply that specific metabolic interventions may prevent obesity despite severely impaired mobility in SPG11.
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Hayakawa M, Matsubara T, Mochizuki Y, Takeuchi C, Minamitani M, Imai M, Kosaki K, Arai T, Murayama S. An autopsied case report of spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum carrying a novel mutation in the SPG11 gene: widespread degeneration with eosinophilic inclusions. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:2. [PMID: 34979968 PMCID: PMC8722294 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The detailed neuropathological features of patients with autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum (TCC) and SPG11 mutations are poorly understood, as only a few autopsies have been reported. Herein, we describe the clinicopathological findings of a patient with this disease who received long-term care at our medical facility. Case presentation A Japanese man exhibited a mild developmental delay in early childhood and intellectual disability, followed by the appearance of a spastic gait by age 13. At the age of 25 years, he became bedridden and needed a ventilator. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous splice site variant in the SPG11 gene (c. 4162–2A > G) after the provision of genetic counselling and acquisition of informed consent from his parents. He died of pneumonia at the age of 44. His brain weighed 967 g and was characterized by a TCC, and his spinal cord was flattened. Microscopically, degeneration was observed in the posterior spinocerebellar tract, the gracile fasciculus, and the posterior column in addition to the corticospinal tract. Marked neuronal loss and gliosis were observed in the anterior horn, Clarke’s column, and hypoglossal and facial nuclei. Various types of neurons, in addition to motor neurons, showed coarse eosinophilic granules that were immunoreactive for p62. The loss of pigmented neurons with gliosis was apparent in both the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. Lateral geniculate body degeneration was a characteristic feature of this patient. Furthermore, peripheral Lewy body-related α-synucleinopathy and scattered α-synuclein–immunoreactive neurites in the locus coeruleus and reticular formation of the brainstem were observed. Conclusions In patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia with SPG11 mutations, a variety of clinical phenotypes develop due to widespread lesions containing p62-immunoreactive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. We herein report the lateral geniculate body as another degenerative site related to SPG11-related pathologies that should be studied in future investigations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02514-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hayakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, 1-2-3 Jujodai Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Matsubara
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoko Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, 1-2-3 Jujodai Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0033, Japan
| | - Chisen Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, 1-2-3 Jujodai Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0033, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Minamitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, 1-2-3 Jujodai Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, 1-2-3 Jujodai Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0033, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan. .,The Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Navas-Sánchez FJ, Fernández-Pena A, Martín de Blas D, Alemán-Gómez Y, Marcos-Vidal L, Guzmán-de-Villoria JA, Fernández-García P, Romero J, Catalina I, Lillo L, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Ordoñez-Ugalde A, Quintáns B, Pardo J, Sobrido MJ, Carmona S, Grandas F, Desco M. Thalamic atrophy in patients with pure hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4. J Neurol 2021; 268:2429-2440. [PMID: 33507371 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SPG4 is an autosomal dominant pure form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by mutations in the SPAST gene. HSP is considered an upper motor neuron disorder characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs caused by degeneration of the corticospinal tract. In other neurodegenerative motor disorders, the thalamus and basal ganglia are affected, with a considerable impact on disease progression. However, only a few works have studied these brain structures in HSP, mainly in complex forms of this disease. Our research aims to detect potential alterations in the volume and shape of the thalamus and various basal ganglia structures by comparing 12 patients with pure HSP and 18 healthy controls. We used two neuroimaging procedures: automated segmentation of the subcortical structures (thalamus, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and putamen) in native space and shape analysis of the structures. We found a significant reduction in thalamic volume bilaterally, as well as an inward deformation, mainly in the sensory-motor thalamic regions in patients with pure HSP and a mutation in SPG4. We also observed a significant negative correlation between the shape of the thalamus and clinical scores (the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale score and disease duration). Moreover, we found a 'Group × Age' interaction that was closely related to the severity of the disease. No differences in volume or in shape were found in the remaining subcortical structures studied. Our results suggest that changes in structure of the thalamus could be an imaging biomarker of disease progression in pHSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Navas-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Yasser Alemán-Gómez
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Centre D'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luís Marcos-Vidal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Centre D'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan A Guzmán-de-Villoria
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julia Romero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Catalina
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lillo
- Hospital Ruber Internacional, Servicio de Neurología, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Servicio de Neurología Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Muñoz-Blanco
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Ordoñez-Ugalde
- Laboratorio Biomolecular, Cuenca, Ecuador.,Unidad de Genética y Molecular, Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, Ecuador.,Neurogenetics Group, FPGMX-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Quintáns
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-U711), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julio Pardo
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Sobrido
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Grandas
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Li C, Yan Q, Duan FJ, Zhao C, Zhang Z, Du Y, Zhang W. Mild cognitive impairment in novel SPG11 mutation-related sporadic hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum: case series. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33430805 PMCID: PMC7798194 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-02040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPG11 mutation-related autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC) is the most common cause in complicated forms of HSP, usually presenting comprehensive mental retardation on early-onset stage preceding spastic paraplegias in childhood. However, there are many instances of sporadic late-onset HSP-TCC cases with a negative family history, and potential mild cognitive deficits in multiple domains may be easily neglected and inaccurately described. METHODS In this study, we performed next generation sequencing in four sporadic late-onset patients with HSP-TCC, and combined Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to evaluate cognition of the patients. RESULTS By evolutionary conservation and structural modeling analysis, we have revealed 4 novel pathogenic SPG11 mutations, and firstly confirmed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with normal MMSE scores (≥27) and decreased MoCA scores (< 26) in these SPG11 mutation-related HSP-TCC patients, predominantly presenting impairment of executive function, delayed recall, abstraction and language. CONCLUSIONS The results expand the mutational spectrum of SPG11-associated HSP-TCC from sporadic cases, and confirm MCI with combination of decreased MoCA and normal MMSE assessment, suggesting that clinicians should consider doing a MoCA to detect MCI in patients with HSP, particularly those with HSP-TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng-Ju Duan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
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5
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Coignion C, Banneau G, Goizet C. Paraplegie spastiche ereditarie. Neurologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(16)77572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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6
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Pan MK, Huang SC, Lo YC, Yang CC, Cheng TW, Yang CC, Hua MS, Lee MJ, Tseng WYI. Microstructural integrity of cerebral fiber tracts in hereditary spastic paraparesis with SPG11 mutation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:990-6, S1. [PMID: 23221952 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ARHSP-TCC is characterized by progressive leg spasticity, ataxia, and cognitive dysfunction. Although mutations in the human SPG11 gene were identified as responsible for ARHSP-TCC, the cerebral fiber integrity has not been assessed systemically. The objective of this study was to assess cerebral fiber integrity and its clinical significance in patients with ARHSP-TCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five patients from 2 families who were clinically and genetically confirmed to have ARHSP-TCC were examined by neuropsychological evaluation and DSI of the brain. We performed voxel-based GFA analysis for global white matter evaluation, tractography-based analysis for tract-to-tract comparisons, and tract-specific analysis of the CST to evaluate microstructural integrity along the axonal direction. RESULTS The neuropsychological evaluation revealed widespread cognitive decline across all domains. Voxel-based analysis showed global reduction of GFA in the cerebral white matter. Tractography-based analysis revealed a significant reduction of the microstructural integrity in all neural fiber types, while commissure and association fibers had more GFA reduction than projection fibers (P < .00001). Prefrontal and motor portions of the CC were most severely affected among all fiber tracts (P < .00001, P = .018). Tract-specific analysis of the CST validated a "dying-back" phenomenon (R(2) = 0.68, P < .00001). CONCLUSIONS There was a characteristic gradation in the reduction of microstructural integrity among fiber types and within the CC in patients with the SPG11 mutation. The dying-back process in CST might explain the pathogenic mechanisms for ARHSP-TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K Pan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Osmolak AM, Wallenberg RB, Caplan JP. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Psychosis: Connected by the Corpus Callosum? PSYCHOSOMATICS 2012; 53:81-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A new locus (SPG46) maps to 9p21.2-q21.12 in a Tunisian family with a complicated autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with mental impairment and thin corpus callosum. Neurogenetics 2010; 11:441-8. [PMID: 20593214 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-010-0249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with thin corpus callosum (TCC) and mental impairment is a frequent subtype of complicated HSP, often inherited as an autosomal recessive (AR) trait. It is clear from molecular genetic analyses that there are several underlying causes of this syndrome, with at least six genetic loci identified to date. However, SPG11 and SPG15 are the two major genes for this entity. To map the responsible gene in a large AR-HSP-TCC family of Tunisian origin, we investigated a consanguineous family with a diagnosis of AR-HSP-TCC excluded for linkage to the SPG7, SPG11, SPG15, SPG18, SPG21, and SPG32 loci. A genome-wide scan was undertaken using 6,090 SNP markers covering all chromosomes. The phenotypic presentation in five patients was suggestive of a complex HSP that associated an early-onset spastic paraplegia with mild handicap, mental deterioration, congenital cataract, cerebellar signs, and TCC. The genome-wide search identified a single candidate region on chromosome 9, exceeding the LOD score threshold of +3. Fine mapping using additional markers narrowed the candidate region to a 45.1-Mb interval (15.4 cM). Mutations in three candidate genes were excluded. The mapping of a novel AR-HSP-TCC locus further demonstrates the extensive genetic heterogeneity of this condition. We propose that testing for this locus should be performed, after exclusion of mutations in SPG11 and SPG15 genes, in AR-HSP-TCC families, especially when cerebellar ataxia and cataract are present.
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9
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Orlén H, Melberg A, Raininko R, Kumlien E, Entesarian M, Söderberg P, Påhlman M, Darin N, Kyllerman M, Holmberg E, Engler H, Eriksson U, Dahl N. SPG11 mutations cause Kjellin syndrome, a hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum and central retinal degeneration. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:984-92. [PMID: 19194956 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (ARHSP) with thin corpus callosum (TCC) is genetically heterogenous and approximately 35% of patients carry mutations in either of the SPG11 or SPG15 genes. Disease onset is during the first three decades of life with spastic paraplegia and mental impairment. Peripheral neuropathy and amyotrophy may occur. Kjellin syndrome is characterized by central retinal degeneration in addition to ARHSP-TCC and the disease is associated with mutations in the SPG15 gene. We identified five patients in four unrelated kindreds with spastic paraplegia and mental impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed TCC, atrophy elsewhere in the brain and increased T2 signal intensity in the periventricular white matter. Probands from the four kindreds were screened for mutations in the SPG11 gene. All patients were found homozygous or compound heterozygous for truncating SPG11 mutations of which four are reported for the first time. Ophthalmological investigations revealed that the four index cases have central retinal degeneration consistent with Kjellin syndrome. PET examinations with N-[11C-methyl]-L-deuterodeprenyl (DED) and fluor-18 2-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) were performed in two patients with Kjellin syndrome. We observed a reduced glucose uptake in the thalami, anterior cingulum, and sensorimotor cortex indicating neuronal loss, and an increased DED binding in the thalami and pons which suggests astrogliosis. From our results we extend the SPG11 associated phenotype to comprise also Kjellin syndrome, previously found to be associated with mutations in the SPG15 gene. We anticipate that degeneration of the central retina is a common and previously unrecognized feature in SPG11 related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Orlén
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Liao SS, Shen L, Du J, Zhao GH, Wang XY, Yang Y, Xiao ZQ, Yuan Y, Jiang H, Li N, Sun HD, Wang JL, Wang CY, Zhou YF, Mo XY, Xia K, Tang BS. Novel mutations of the SPG11 gene in hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum. J Neurol Sci 2008; 275:92-9. [PMID: 18835492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with genetic linkage to multi-loci. Recently pathogenic mutations in the KIAA1840 (now named SPG11) for SPG11, the major HSP-TCC locus, were identified; at least 42 different mutations have been detected. OBJECTIVE To study the clinical features and identify the SPG11 gene mutations in Chinese patients with HSP-TCC. METHODS Three kindreds with an autosomal recessive HSP-TCC and 5 cases with sporadic HSP-TCC in Chinese Hans were recruited. Detailed clinical history, neurological examination, MRI, electromyography, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) were presented. DNA samples of the 8 families were collected and mutation analysis of SPG11 gene was carried out by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS Except for one patient whose age at onset was 3 years old, 10 patients manifested a relatively similar combination of adolescence-onset cognitive decline and spastic paraparesis with TCC on brain MRI. We identified 10 novel and one known mutations in our 8 HSP-TCC families, which were two nonsense mutations (c.5977C>T/p.Q1993X, c.4668T>A/p.Y1556X), three small deletions (c.6898_6899delCT/p.L2300AfsX2338, c.3719_3720delTA/p.I1240VfsX263, c.733_734delAT/p.M245VfsX246), four small insertions (c.7088_7089insATTA/p.Y2363X, c.2163_2164insT/p.I722YfsX731, c.7101_7102insT/p.K2368X, c.6790_6791insC/p.L2264PfsX2339), one deletion/insertion (c.654_655delinsG/p.S218RfsX219), and one splice mutation (c.7151+4_7151+7delAGTA/p.K2384fsX2386). Each family has a different mutation and all the mutations are predicted to cause early protein truncation. CONCLUSION This study widens the mutation spectrum of the SPG11 gene and the mutations in the SPG11 gene are also the major causative gene for HSP-TCC in the Chinese Hans. Screening of the whole gene is recommended in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-sheng Liao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mishina
- Department of Neurological, Nephrological and Rheumatological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
- Neurological Institute, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
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12
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OTA M, SATO N, SAITOH Y, ENDO F, MURATA M, ASADA T. Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Familial Spastic Paraplegia with Mental Impairment and Thin Corpus Callosum. Magn Reson Med Sci 2008; 7:163-7. [DOI: 10.2463/mrms.7.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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13
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Somasundaram S, Raghavendra S, Singh A, Kesavadas C, Nair M. Hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum. Pediatr Radiol 2007; 37:503-5. [PMID: 17387465 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-007-0444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a 15-year-old boy with autosomal recessive complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC). The involvement of the corpus callosum was characteristic with the genu and body predominantly affected with relative sparing of the splenium. HSP-TCC is being increasingly recognized over a wider geographical area than earlier believed. We now report a case of HSP-TCC from the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman Somasundaram
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Gucuyener K, Hirfanoglu T, Ok I, Cansu A, Serdaroglu A. Hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum in a Turkish family. J Child Neurol 2007; 22:214-7. [PMID: 17621486 DOI: 10.1177/0883073807300293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is composed of a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders and is classified as pure or complicated due to its clinical variability. Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum is a rare form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. In complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked modes of inheritance have been noted. The diagnostic criteria of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum are inheritance consistent with autosomal recessive trait, slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and mental detoriation, hypoplasia of corpus callosum revealed by brain computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and exclusion of other disorders by magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and brain as well as other laboratory tests. In this report, the authors present the case of 3 affected siblings in a family from Turkey, whereas 1 child and the con-sanguineous parents were healthy. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first reported case of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum from Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivilcim Gucuyener
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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França MC, D'Abreu A, Maurer-Morelli CV, Seccolin R, Appenzeller S, Alessio A, Damasceno BP, Nucci A, Cendes F, Lopes-Cendes I. Prospective neuroimaging study in hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum. Mov Disord 2007; 22:1556-62. [PMID: 17516453 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to estimate the frequency as well as to establish the clinical and neuroimaging profile of hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC). HSP-TCC was recognized as a specific clinical subtype of HSP and mapped to chromosome (ch) 15q13-15 in Japanese families. It has been considered rare in western countries. We assessed 45 patients with autosomal recessive HSP from 20 different families in search of clinical and imaging criteria for the diagnosis of HSP-TCC. In addition, HSP-TCC patients underwent further neurological, imaging and genetic evaluation. MRI scans were performed in a 2T scanner and sagittal T1 weighted images used for semiautomated volumetric measurements of corpus callosum, cerebellum, and brain. In seven patients, a 2-year follow-up MRI scan was performed. We genotyped seven microsatellite markers flanking the 15q13-15 candidate region and calculated two-point and multipoint LOD scores (Z). We identified 13 patients from seven unrelated families with HSP-TCC. MRI showed significant corpus callosum, cerebral and cerebellar volumetric reductions (P<0.001, P=0.03, and P=0.01, respectively). In the prospective analysis, we found progressive corpus callosum atrophy (P=0.04). Two-point and multipoint LOD scores were significantly negative for markers genotyped on ch 15q. However, independent pedigree analysis did not yield significant results. HSP-TCC was found in 35% of families with autosomal recessive HSP. MRI volumetry showed cerebral and cerebellar atrophy in association with progressive corpus callosum thinning. Genetic studies did not show evidence for linkage to ch 15q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcondes C França
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Winner B, Gross C, Uyanik G, Schulte-Mattler W, Lürding R, Marienhagen J, Bogdahn U, Windpassinger C, Hehr U, Winkler J. Thin corpus callosum and amyotrophy in spastic paraplegia—Case report and review of literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006; 108:692-8. [PMID: 16102895 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the clinical, structural, functional and genetic characterization of a 37-year-old Caucasian female, presenting as a sporadic case of complicated spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (CC), cognitive impairment, amyotrophy of the hand muscles and a sensorimotor neuropathy and review the literature for spastic paraplegia with thin CC. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed a thin CC with fronto-parietal cortical atrophy. 18Fluordesoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed reduced cortical and thalamic metabolism. By transcranial magnetic stimulation, we delineated a severe impairment of transcallosal inhibition. Sequence analysis did not reveal disease causing mutations in the genes SLC12A6 (Andermann), Spastin (SPG 4), BSCL2 (SPG 17) and Spartin (SPG 20). We reviewed the literature for HSP with thin CC and found 113 HSP patients with thin CC previously described (35 with linkage to chromosome 15q13-15). Thin CC and peripheral neuropathy often appear together in spastic paraplegia and might be indicative for combined degeneration mechanism of central and peripheral axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Winner
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Kuru S, Sakai M, Konagaya M, Yoshida M, Hashizume Y. Autopsy case of hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum showing severe gliosis in the cerebral white matter. Neuropathology 2006; 25:346-52. [PMID: 16382784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2005.00620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report an autopsy case of a 51-year-old man clinically diagnosed with a complicated type of hereditary spastic paraplegia. His sister showed similar manifestations. Gait disturbance was manifested at 14 years of age. Subsequently, slowly progressive spastic tetraplegia developed with mental deterioration, neuropathy and amyotrophy. Marked cerebral atrophy with thin corpus callosum was shown by cranial MRI. Autopsy revealed a severely atrophic brain with extreme thinning of the whole corpus callosum. Microscopically, neurodegeneration was found in the corticospinal tract, thalamus, cerebral white matter and substantia nigra, as well as in the anterior horn and posterior column of the spinal cord. The remaining neurons contained large amounts of lipofuscin and eosinophilic granules. Unique to this patient was the severe gliosis in the cerebral white matter and substantia nigra, suggesting that sufficient development had been established when the degenerative process occurred. The predominant feature of the present case is the neurodegeneration process rather than hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kuru
- Department of Neurology, Suzuka National Hospital, Kasado, Suzuka-shi, Mie, Japan.
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Kang SY, Lee MH, Lee SK, Sohn YH. Levodopa-responsive parkinsonism in hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2004; 10:425-7. [PMID: 15465400 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Revised: 05/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum is a rare degenerative disease, which is characterized by a progressive weakness of the lower limbs with a hypoplastic corpus callosum, and is often associated with other symptoms such as mental impairment, amyotrophy, sensory disturbances, dysuria, nystagmus and cataract. We describe two siblings (brother and sister) who showed a thin corpus callosum on MRI, one of whom showed the pure form of progressive spastic paraplegia, while the other showed predominant levodopa-responsive parkinsonism. The present cases are illustrative of a phenotypic heterogeneity in the same family of spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum, despite the identical neuroimaging findings, and also presented another form of autosomal recessive juvenile levodopa-responsive parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Y Kang
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Vucic S, Lye T, Dunn G, Corbett A. Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraparesis with thin corpus callosum; report of two sisters. J Clin Neurosci 2004; 11:427-30. [PMID: 15080965 DOI: 10.1016/s0967-5868(03)00157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2003] [Accepted: 05/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical, cognitive, neurophysiological and radiological features of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraparesis (ARHSP) with thin corpus callosum. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two sisters with spastic paraparesis. RESULTS MRI brain scans demonstrated thinning of the corpus callosum. The clinical features were progressive spastic paraparesis beginning in the second decade, dysarthria, minor dystonia and chorea, distal weakness and cognitive impairment with frontal dysfunction. Motor compound action potentials are reduced and EMG demonstrated minor chronic denervation. Magnetic stimulation studies demonstrated increased threshold consistent with pyramidal system axonal loss. CONCLUSIONS AHRSP with thinned corpus callosum is a distinct clinical and genetic entity that may occur in non-Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Vucic
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
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Teive HA, Iwamoto FM, Della Coletta MV, Camargo CH, Bezerra RD, Minguetti G, Werneck LC. Hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with thin corpus callosum. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2001; 59:790-2. [PMID: 11593284 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2001000500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (AR-HSP) associated with thin corpus callosum was recently described in Japan, and most families were linked to chromosome 15 q13-15. We report two patients from two different Brazilian families with progressive gait disturbance starting at the second decade of life, spastic paraparesis, and mental deterioration. One patient presented cerebellar ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head of both patients showed a thin corpus callosum. AR-HSP with a thin corpus callosum is a rare disorder, mainly described in Japanese patients. We found only 4 Caucasian families with AR-HSP with thin corpus callosum described in the literature. Further studies including additional Caucasian families of AR-HSP with thin corpus callosum are required to delineate the genetic profile of this syndrome in occidental countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Teive
- Division of Neurology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Nomura H, Koike F, Tsuruta Y, Iwaki A, Iwaki T. Autopsy case of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with reference to the muscular pathology. Neuropathology 2001; 21:212-7. [PMID: 11666018 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1789.2001.00388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An autopsied case of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with severe neurogenic muscular atrophy is described herein. This patient, a 16-year-old woman, presented with gait disturbance. She developed progressive spastic paralysis of the upper and lower limbs and mental deterioration. She became bedridden at approximately 40years of age. Dysarthria worsened at 45 years of age. She died of pneumonia at 50 years of age. Her younger sister has shown similar clinical symptoms and became bedridden at 37 years of age. Their parents were second cousins. Autopsy revealed a severely atrophic brain, weighing 720 g. The cerebral cortex was thin, and the white matter was extremely reduced in volume. Microscopically, neuronal loss and variable astrogliosis with diffuse spongy changes were evident at the cerebral cortex, thalamic nuclei, basal ganglia and hippocampus. The remaining neurons were atrophied with heavy deposition of lipofuscin. In the spinal cord, the pyramidal tracts as well as the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts were degenerated. In addition, marked loss of the anterior horn cells was seen. Severe neuronal loss of the nucleus gracilis was also detected. In contrast, only mild degeneration of the ventral spinocerebellar tracts and fasciulus cuneatus in the spinal cord were observed. In the frozen sections of skeletal muscle, severe neurogenic atrophy and fatty infiltration were evident. In addition, several rimmed vacuoles were observed in the atrophic fibers, and cytochrome coxidase-deficient fibers were present in part. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-tetrazolium reductase reaction revealed abnormal accumulation of mitochondria around the center of the non-atrophic muscle fibers. It is suggested that an analysis of mitochondrial function of Japanese autosomal recessive hereditary spastic hemiplegia may provide additional information to clarify the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nomura
- Department of Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shibasaki Y, Tanaka H, Iwabuchi K, Kawasaki S, Kondo H, Uekawa K, Ueda M, Kamiya T, Katayama Y, Nakamura A, Takashima H, Nakagawa M, Masuda M, Utsumi H, Nakamuro T, Tada K, Kurohara K, Inoue K, Koike F, Sakai T, Tsuji S, Kobayashi H. Linkage of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with mental impairment and thin corpus callosum to chromosome 15q13-15. Ann Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200007)48:1<108::aid-ana17>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
We report a patient with a unique combination of clinical findings: XY sex reversal, spastic paraplegia, mental retardation, dysmorphism, and infantile-onset olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia. The phenotype of our patient did not coincide with any of the described forms of XY reversal syndromes, hereditary or sporadic spastic paraplegias, or congenital or infantile-onset cerebellar or olivopontocerebellar atrophies or hypoplasias. The disorder of this patient likely represents a genetic condition with pleiotropic effects on brain development and sex determination and adds further evidence for the heterogeneity of spastic paraplegia/infantile olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia syndromes and sex reversal syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Mahbubul Huq
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Abstract
After decades of confusion as a result of the marked clinical variability of spinocerebellar degeneration, molecular analyses have permitted the identification of loci and genes, which constitute the basis of a new classification. However, even greater genetic heterogeneity is suspected and several phenotypes, such as complex forms of spastic paraplegia and autosomal recessive ataxias, have not yet been thoroughly explored. Unexpectedly, the genes responsible for Friedreich's ataxia and a form of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia place these diseases in the category of mitochondrial disorders. The unstable mutations caused by trinucleotide repeat expansions are responsible for a growing number of inherited cerebellar ataxias.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Durr
- Consultation de Génétique Médicale et INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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