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van de Pol LA, Burgert N, van Schie PEM, Slot KM, Gouw AA, Buizer AI. Surgical treatment options for spasticity in children and adolescents with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:855-861. [PMID: 37783799 PMCID: PMC10891194 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of outcome and complications of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and intrathecal baclofen pump implantation (ITB) for spasticity treatment in children with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). METHODS Retrospective study including children with HSP and SDR or ITB. Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66) scores and level of spasticity were assessed. RESULTS Ten patients were included (most had mutations in ATL1 (n = 4) or SPAST (n = 3) genes). Four walked without and two with walking aids, four were non-walking children. Six patients underwent SDR, three patients ITB, and one both. Mean age at surgery was 8.9 ± 4.5 years with a mean follow-up of 3.4 ± 2.2 years. Five of the SDR patients were walking. Postoperatively spasticity in the legs was reduced in all patients. The change in GMFM-66 score was + 8.0 (0-19.7 min-max). The three ITB patients treated (SPAST (n = 2) and PNPLA6 (n = 1) gene mutation) were children with a progressive disease course. No complications of surgery occurred. CONCLUSIONS SDR is a feasible treatment option in carefully selected children with HSP, especially in walking patients. The majority of patients benefit with respect to gross motor function, complication risk is low. ITB was used in children with severe and progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A van de Pol
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nina Burgert
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam, UMC , Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E M van Schie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam, UMC , Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Mariam Slot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alida A Gouw
- Department of Neurology & Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke I Buizer
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam, UMC , Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rehabilitation and Development, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kimoto Y, Oshino S, Tani N, Hosomi K, Khoo HM, Fujita Y, Miura S, Iwata T, Emura T, Matsuhashi T, Onoda Y, Ishiuchi T, Yanagisawa T, Hirata M, Kishima H. Characteristics of Changes in Intrathecal Baclofen Dosage over Time due to Causative Disease. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2023; 63:535-541. [PMID: 37743509 PMCID: PMC10788484 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy effectively treats spasticity caused by brain or spinal cord lesions. However, only a few studies compare the course of treatment for different diseases. We investigated the change in daily dose of baclofen per year and its associated adverse events in patients presenting with the three most common etiologies at our institute: hereditary spastic paraplegia, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. The ITB pumps were implanted from July 2007 to August 2019, with a mean follow-up period of 70 months. In patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia, baclofen dosage was reduced after eight years following ITB introduction, and the treatment was terminated in one patient owing to disease progression. In patients with cerebral palsy, the dosage increased gradually, and became constant in the 11th year. Patients with spinal cord injury gradually increased their baclofen dosage throughout the entire observation period. Severity and adverse event rates were higher in patients with cerebral palsy than in others. The degree and progression of spasticity varied depending on the causative disease. Understanding the characteristics and natural history of each disease is important when continuing ITB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satoru Oshino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Tani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Hosomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hui Ming Khoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shimpei Miura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takamitsu Iwata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takuto Emura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Yuji Onoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takamasa Ishiuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takufumi Yanagisawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Inan B, Azman F, Aktas D, Yildiz Y, Saygi S. A novel mutation in ATP13A2 gene in a patient with complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia accompanied by tubulopathy. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:1985-1987. [PMID: 35789476 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berin Inan
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Filiz Azman
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Aktas
- Damagen Genetic Diagnostic Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Yildiz
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Saygi
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Turkey
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Tufo T, Ciavarro M, Di Giuda D, Piccininni C, Piano C, Daniele A. Spinal cord stimulation may improve gait and cognition in hereditary spastic paraplegia with mental retardation: a case report. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:961-966. [PMID: 36369309 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) include various sporadic and hereditary neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of lower limbs, possibly associated to additional features. CASE PRESENTATION We report a male HPS patient in his 40 s, showing mental retardation associated with language impairment, dysarthria, and increased urinary frequency. Three months after treatment with electric chronic high-frequency cervical spinal cord stimulation (HF-SCS), he showed an amelioration of motor symptoms (lower limbs spasticity and gait), dysarthria, cognitive functioning (language and constructive praxic abilities), and urinary symptoms (decreased urinary frequency). Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed a postoperative increase of cerebral perfusion in right frontal cortex and temporal cortex bilaterally. CONCLUSION In our patient, HF-SCS might have induced an activation of ascending neural pathways, resulting in changes in activity in various cortical areas (including sensory-motor cortical areas), which may give rise to a modulation of activity in spared descending motor pathways and in neural networks involved in cognitive functions, including language. Although further studies in patients with HPS are needed to clarify whether HF-SCS can be a suitable treatment option in HSP, our observation suggests that HF-SCS, a minimally invasive neurosurgical procedure, might induce beneficial effects of on various symptoms of such orphan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Tufo
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Di Giuda
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Piccininni
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, High Intensity Neurorehabilitation Unit, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Piano
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
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5
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Burgueño-Montañés C. Kjellin's syndrome: Spastic paraplegia and multifocal pattern dystrophy simulating fundus flavimaculatus. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2022; 97:714-718. [PMID: 36343909 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kjellin's syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary neuro-ophthalmologic syndrome. The diagnosis of Kjellin's syndrome is based on the retinal appearance in a patient with spastic paraplegia, learning difficulties, amyotrophy and thin corpus callosum. We present the case of a 42-years-old man without visual symptoms, referred to study from the Neurology Service due to a degenerative condition. On ophthalmologic examination is found a multifocal pattern dystrophy simulating fundus flavimaculatus and a delay in the visual evoked potential responses. The performed tests are reviewed and a genetic analysis for subtypes 11 and 15 of hereditary spastic paraplegia are requested. These subtypes are associated with macular changes. A pathogenic variant in the SPG 11 gene is identified, which explains the patient's clinical manifestations. Ophthalmological findings were key in the diagnosis of this rare syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Burgueño-Montañés
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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6
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Giannoccaro MP, Matteo E, Bartiromo F, Tonon C, Santorelli FM, Liguori R, Rizzo G. Multiple sclerosis in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia: a case report and systematic review. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5501-5511. [PMID: 35595875 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of cases of comorbid hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and multiple sclerosis (MS) have been described. We report a patient with the SPG3A form of HSP and features of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). We took this opportunity to review the current literature of co-occurring MS and HSP. METHOD The patient underwent clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging evaluations. We performed a literature search for cases of HSP and MS. The 2017 McDonalds Criteria for MS were retrospectively applied to the selected cases. RESULTS A 34-year-old woman, presenting a molecular diagnosis of SPG3A, complained subacute sensory-motor symptoms. Spinal MRI disclosed T2-hyperintense lesions at C2, T6 and T4 level, the latter presenting contrast-enhancement. CSF analysis showed oligoclonal bands. She was treated with intravenous high-dose steroids, with symptom resolution. The literature review yielded 13 papers reporting 20 possible cases of MS and HSP. Nine patients (5 M, median age 34) met the 2017 McDonald criteria. Five (25%) received a diagnosis of RRMS and four (20%) of primary progressive MS. Brain MRI showed multiple WM lesions, mostly periventricular. Six of seven cases (85.7%) had spinal cord involvement. Oligoclonal bands were found in 6/8 (75%) patients. Seven patients (77.7%) improved/stabilized on immunotherapy. CONCLUSION This is the first description on the association between SPG3A type of HSP and MS. This report adds to the other reported cases of co-occurring HSPs and MS. Although it remains unclear if this association is casual or causal, clinicians should be aware that an HSP diagnosis does not always exclude a concomitant MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Giannoccaro
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorina Bartiromo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Tonon
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Rocco Liguori
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by slowly progressing spastic paraparesis. We herein report a 50-year-old Japanese woman who presented with slowly progressing spastic paraplegia and a history of Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Genetic testing revealed a mutation of the Valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene (p.Arg155Cys; c.436C>T). This mutation has not been reported to cause HSP with PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Dementia Center, Geriatrics Research Institute Hospital, Japan
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8
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Rose L, Hall K, Tang S, Hasadsri L, Kimonis V. Homozygous B4GALNT1 mutation and biochemical glutaric acidemia type II: A case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 189:105553. [PMID: 31812852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rose
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Hall
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Linda Hasadsri
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
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Bettencourt C, Morris HR, Singleton AB, Hardy J, Houlden H. Exome sequencing expands the mutational spectrum of SPG8 in a family with spasticity responsive to L-DOPA treatment. J Neurol 2013; 260:2414-6. [PMID: 23881105 PMCID: PMC3764324 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-7044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conceição Bettencourt
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Huw R. Morris
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
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10
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Nanetti L, Baratta S, Panzeri M, Tomasello C, Lovati C, Azzollini J, Gellera C, Di Bella D, Taroni F, Mariotti C. Novel and recurrent spastin mutations in a large series of SPG4 Italian families. Neurosci Lett 2012; 528:42-5. [PMID: 22960362 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, genetically classified according to the identified disease gene or locus. Clinically, HSP are distinguished in pure and complicated forms. Mutations in the spastin gene (SPAST) are responsible for SPG4 and account approximately for 50% of the dominantly inherited paraplegias with a pure HSP phenotype. METHODS Molecular screening of the SPAST gene allowed the identification of 31 Italian mutation carriers, from 19 unrelated families. Genetic testing was performed by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Subjects carrying SPAST mutations were retrospectively evaluated for clinical phenotype and disability score assessment. RESULTS We found 12 recurrent mutations, and 7 novel SPAST mutations. Twenty-eight patients exhibited a pure spastic paraplegia phenotype, while 3 subjects were asymptomatic mutation carriers. Four patients were sporadic cases. Age at onset ranged from 10 to 61 years. Disability score increased with age at examination and disease duration. Patients with onset >38 years presented a faster disease progression, and a higher disability functional index, than the patients with earlier onset (p<0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our study enlarges the number of pathogenic SPAST mutations, and confirms the association with a pure spastic paraplegia phenotype. Age at onset was highly variable and correlates with the rate of disease progression. Future longitudinal clinical studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nanetti
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy.
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11
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Everett CM, Kara E, Maresh KE, Houlden H. Clinical variability and L-Dopa responsive Parkinsonism in hereditary spastic paraplegia 11. J Neurol 2012; 259:2726-8. [PMID: 22893306 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Finsterer J, Löscher W, Quasthoff S, Wanschitz J, Auer-Grumbach M, Stevanin G. Hereditary spastic paraplegias with autosomal dominant, recessive, X-linked, or maternal trait of inheritance. J Neurol Sci 2012; 318:1-18. [PMID: 22554690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that are clinically characterised by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower-limbs (pure SPG) and, majoritorian, additional more extensive neurological or non-neurological manifestations (complex or complicated SPG). Pure SPG is characterised by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower-limbs, and occasionally sensory disturbances or bladder dysfunction. Complex SPGs additionally include cognitive impairment, dementia, epilepsy, extrapyramidal disturbances, cerebellar involvement, retinopathy, optic atrophy, deafness, polyneuropathy, or skin lesions in the absence of coexisting disorders. Nineteen SPGs follow an autosomal-dominant (AD-SPG), 27 an autosomal-recessive (AR-SPG), 5 X-linked (XL-SPG), and one a maternal trait of inheritance. SPGs are due to mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in the maintenance of corticospinal tract neurons. Among the AD-SPGs, 40-45% of patients carry mutations in the SPAST-gene (SPG4) and 10% in the ATL1-gene (SPG3), while the other 9 genes are more rarely involved (NIPA1 (SPG6), KIAA0196 (SPG8), KIF5A (SPG10), RNT2 (SPG12), SPGD1 (SPG13), BSCL2 (SPG17), REEP1 (SPG31), ZFYVE27 (SPG33, debated), and SLC33A1 (SPG42, debated)). Among the AR-SPGs, ~20% of the patients carry mutations in the KIAA1840 (SPG11) gene whereas the 15 other genes are rarely mutated and account for SPGs in single families yet (CYP7B1 (SPG5), SPG7 (SPG7), ZFYVE26 (SPG15), ERLIN2 (SPG18), SPG20 (SPG20), ACP33 (SPG21), KIF1A (SPG30), FA2H (SPG35), NTE (SPG39), GJA12/GJC2 (SPG44), KIAA0415 (SPG48) and 4 genes encoding for the AP4-complex (SPG47)). Among the XL-SPGs, 3 causative genes have been identified (L1CAM (SPG1), PLP1 (SPG2), and SLC16A2 (SPG22)). The diagnosis of SPGs is based on clinical, instrumental and genetic investigations. Treatment is exclusively symptomatic.
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Hattori A, Sasaki M, Sakuma H, Saito Y, Komaki H, Nakagawa E, Sugai K. [Hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with congenital cataracts, mental retardation and peripheral neuropathy]. No To Hattatsu 2010; 42:454-457. [PMID: 21077357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A 16-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with mental retardation and a gradually increasing gait disturbance. He fell easily at age 6, and lost the ability to jump at age 12. At age 13, he lost the ability to run, and developed pes cavus and hammer toes. Spastic paraplegia with mental retardation, congenital cataracts, hyper reflexia, dysarthria, callosal hypogenesis and peripheral neuropathy were evident at age 16. Laboratory examinations did not reveal any underlying disorders. He was diagnosed as having complex spastic paraplegia with cataracts, mental retardation and peripheral neuropathy that might comprise a genetically distinct entity that is unique to Japan, because all prior reports of this combination have been generated only from Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Hattori
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo.
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Beligaswatte AML, Bandusena S, Riffsy MTM, Gunasekera S, Wijesekera JC. A case of hereditary spastic paraplegia with demyelinating polyneuropathy. Ceylon Med J 2009; 50:128-9. [PMID: 16252580 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v50i3.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Strong MJ, Gordon PH. Primary lateral sclerosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Discrete entities or spectrum? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 6:8-16. [PMID: 16036421 DOI: 10.1080/14660820410021267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the motor neuron diseases, three share the clinical features of prominent upper motor neuron signs--amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and the hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP). While genetic testing can assist in the identification of several variants of the latter, in the remaining cases, including those in which spasticity may be associated with amyotrophy, clinical differentiation of the three disorders may prove difficult. In this paper we review the evidence that these are distinct disorders and conclude that, for ALS and PLS particularly, there may be justification in considering them as single points along a continuum of multisystem disorders with conspicuous motor neuron involvement. Only through the development and application of exacting clinical diagnostic criteria to epidemiological studies, along with greater numbers of post-mortem examinations, however, will these questions be answered fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Strong
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, the University of Western Ontario, the Cell Biology Research Group, Roberts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Ho G, Walter JH, Christodoulou J. Costeff optic atrophy syndrome: new clinical case and novel molecular findings. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 2:S419-23. [PMID: 18985435 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders, often coinciding with elevated levels of urinary 3-methylglutaric acid. Type I MGA is a disorder of leucine metabolism, while the biological basis for the MGA is unclear for the other types (MGA types II-V). MGA type III (Costeff optic atrophy syndrome, autosomal recessive optic atrophy-3 or optic atrophy plus syndrome, OMIM 258501) is distinguished by early bilateral optic atrophy, later-onset spasticity, extrapyramidal dysfunction, ataxia, and occasional cognitive deficits. It is caused by homozygous mutations in the optic atrophy 3 gene (OPA3). We present a case of a patient with MGA who has infantile-onset optic atrophy, ataxia, extrapyramidal movements and spasticity, but with normal intellect. Sequencing of the patient's DNA revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation c.415C>T (p.Q139X) in exon 2 of transcript 2 of the OPA3 gene, as well as a common silent polymorphism c.231T>C in the same exon. This is the first nonsense mutation found in OPA3. The molecular findings in OPA3 are also reviewed, including mutations in OPA3 that result in autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract (ADOAC). The recessive mode of inheritance of MGA type III as a result of the p.Q139X mutation is supported by the carrier status of the unaffected father.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ho
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Zhao GH, Guo P, Ren ZJ, Liu XM, Shen L, Xia K, Tang BS. [Gene screening in five Chinese families with hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2007; 24:677-680. [PMID: 18067082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen all ten genes between D15S971 and D15S1012 in five Chinese families with hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC). METHODS DNA samples from 5 HSP-TCC families were screened for mutations in AK128197, MGC14798, HH114, MEIS2, MGC35118, SPRED1, AK128458, FLJ38426, RASGRP1 and AK093014 on chromosome 15q13-15 between microsatellites D15S971 and D15S1012 by polymerase chain reaction, direct sequencing and cosegreagation analysis. RESULTS No disease-causing mutations were found in the 10 genes, but 13 polymorphisms were identified in which two were novel. CONCLUSION This study did not support the ten genes between D15S971 and D15S1012 were the disease-causing genes of the 5 HSP-TCC families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-hua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008 PR China
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18
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Rohkamm B, Reilly MM, Lochmüller H, Schlotter-Weigel B, Barisic N, Schöls L, Nicholson G, Pareyson D, Laurà M, Janecke AR, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, John E, Fischer C, Grill F, Wakeling W, Davis M, Pieber TR, Auer-Grumbach M. Further evidence for genetic heterogeneity of distal HMN type V, CMT2 with predominant hand involvement and Silver syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2007; 263:100-6. [PMID: 17663003 PMCID: PMC3272403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V (dHMN-V) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome (CMT) type 2 presenting with predominant hand involvement, also known as CMT2D and Silver syndrome (SS) are rare phenotypically overlapping diseases which can be caused by mutations in the Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy 2 (BSCL2) and in the glycyl-tRNA synthetase encoding (GARS) genes. Mutations in the heat-shock proteins HSPB1 and HSPB8 can cause related distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN) and are considered candidates for dHMN-V, CMT2, and SS. DESIGN To define the frequency and distribution of mutations in the GARS, BSCL2, HSPB1 and HSPB8 genes we screened 33 unrelated sporadic and familial patients diagnosed as either dHMN-V, CMT2D or SS. Exon 3 of the BSCL2 gene was screened in further 69 individuals with an unclassified dHMN phenotype or diagnosed as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) complicated by pure motor neuropathy. RESULTS Four patients diagnosed with dHMN-V or SS carried known heterozygous BSCL2 mutations (N88S and S90L). In one dHMN-V patient we detected a putative GARS mutation (A57V). No mutations were detected in HSPB1 and HSPB8. The diagnostic yield gained in the series of 33 probands was 12% for BSCL2 mutations and 3% for GARS mutations. In the series of unclassified dHMN and complicated HSP cases no mutations were found. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that most likely only two mutations (N88S, S90L) in exon 3 of BSCL2 may lead to dHMN-V or SS phenotypes. Mutations in GARS, HSPB1 and HSPB8. are not a common cause of dHMN-V, SS and CMT2D. We would therefore suggest that a genetic testing of dHMN-V and SS patients should begin with screening of exon 3 of the BSCL2 gene. Screening of the GARS gene is useful in patients with CMT2 with predominant hand involvement and dHMN-V. The rather low frequencies of BSCL2, GARS, HSPB1 and HSPB8 mutations in dHMN-V, CMT2D and SS patients strongly point to further genetic heterogeneity of these related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rohkamm
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Graz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Mary M. Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease and Department of Molecular Neurosciences, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Schlotter-Weigel
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Barisic
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Medical Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Garth Nicholson
- Concord Hospital, Molecular Medicine Laboratory & ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Division of Biochemistry and Genetics, IRCCS Foundation, “C.Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Laurà
- Division of Biochemistry and Genetics, IRCCS Foundation, “C.Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabeth John
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Carina Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Grill
- Orthopedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - William Wakeling
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease and Department of Molecular Neurosciences, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mary Davis
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease and Department of Molecular Neurosciences, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | | | - Michaela Auer-Grumbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Graz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University Graz, Austria
- Orthopedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21/8; A-8010 Graz, Austria. Tel.: +43 316 385 72829; fax: +43 316 385 73009. (M. Auer-Grumbach)
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19
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Ivanova N, Claeys KG, Deconinck T, Litvinenko I, Jordanova A, Auer-Grumbach M, Haberlova J, Löfgren A, Smeyers G, Nelis E, Mercelis R, Plecko B, Priller J, Zámecník J, Ceulemans B, Erichsen AK, Björck E, Nicholson G, Sereda MW, Seeman P, Kremensky I, Mitev V, De Jonghe P. Hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A associated with axonal neuropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 64:706-13. [PMID: 17502470 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.64.5.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the frequency and distribution of mutations in SPG3A in a large cohort of patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia. DESIGN We screened a large cohort of 182 families and isolated cases with pure or complex hereditary spastic paraplegia phenotypes, which were negative for mutations in SPG4. RESULTS In 12 probands (6.6%), we identified 12 different SPG3A mutations (11 missense and 1 insertion/frameshift) of which 7 were novel and 3 were de novo. We found incomplete penetrance in 1 family (G482V). In most cases, SPG3A mutations were associated with an early age at onset (mean, 3 y); however, in 1 family (R495W mutation), symptoms started later (mean, 14 y) with clear intrafamilial variability (8-28 y). Six patients with an SPG3A mutation (F151S, Q191R, M408T, G469A, R495W) originating from 5 unrelated families presented with a complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with a neuropathy (17%). Our electrophysiological and pathological findings confirmed an axonal sensory-motor neuropathy. There was no correlation between the genotype and the presence of a neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that mutations in SPG3A represent an important cause of patients in the overall hereditary spastic paraplegia population. SPG3A is more often associated with a neuropathy than previously assumed. Therefore, patients with a bipyramidal syndrome and a neuropathy should be screened for mutations in SPG3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neviana Ivanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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20
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Somasundaram S, Raghavendra S, Singh A, Kesavadas C, Nair M. Hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum. Pediatr Radiol 2007; 37:503-5. [PMID: 17387465 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-007-0444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a 15-year-old boy with autosomal recessive complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC). The involvement of the corpus callosum was characteristic with the genu and body predominantly affected with relative sparing of the splenium. HSP-TCC is being increasingly recognized over a wider geographical area than earlier believed. We now report a case of HSP-TCC from the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman Somasundaram
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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21
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Uttner I, Baumgartner A, Sperfeld AD, Kassubek J. Cognitive performance in pure and complicated hereditary spastic paraparesis: a neuropsychological and neuroimaging study. Neurosci Lett 2007; 419:158-61. [PMID: 17485167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous group of hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) is characterized by spastic paraparesis and was classified clinically into pure (pHSP) and complicated (cHSP) subtypes. Whereas cHSP is often associated with cognitive impairment, little is known about the cognitive performance in pHSP. Using a case-control study design, a cohort of 20 pHSP and 9 cHSP patients was assessed neuropsychologically. In the evaluation of working and episodic memory, attention, and executive functions, the cHSP patients showed highly significantly reduced scores in all cognitive domains tested here, whereas no pathological results were observed in the pHSP group. An additional correlation analysis between a 3D magnetic resonance imaging-based calculation of the global brain atrophy and the test performance revealed a strong association for the total HSP group but only weak correlations for the two HSP subtypes. This systematic assessment illustrated the different clinical character of cHSP and pHSP with respect to the cognitive profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Uttner
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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22
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McIver T, Jolley D, Pescod D. General anaesthesia and caesarean section for a patient with hereditary spastic paraparesis (Strumpell’s disease). Int J Obstet Anesth 2007; 16:190-1. [PMID: 17275279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Androstanols/administration & dosage
- Androstanols/adverse effects
- Anesthesia, General/adverse effects
- Anesthesia, General/methods
- Anesthesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects
- Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods
- Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Inhalation/adverse effects
- Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Intravenous/adverse effects
- Cesarean Section/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Intubation, Intratracheal/methods
- Methyl Ethers/administration & dosage
- Methyl Ethers/adverse effects
- Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/administration & dosage
- Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/adverse effects
- Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage
- Oxygen/administration & dosage
- Pregnancy
- Rare Diseases
- Rocuronium
- Sevoflurane
- Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/complications
- Thiopental/administration & dosage
- Thiopental/adverse effects
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Cimolin V, Piccinini L, D'Angelo MG, Turconi AC, Berti M, Crivellini M, Albertini G, Galli M. Are patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia different from patients with spastic diplegia during walking? Gait evaluation using 3D gait analysis. Funct Neurol 2007; 22:23-8. [PMID: 17509240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) often resemble patients with mild spastic diplegia (SD), although their motor limitations differ. The aim of this study was to analyse quantitatively the gait of HSP and SD subjects in order to define the gait pattern in HSP and the differences between the two conditions. Fifteen subjects with HSP, 40 patients with SD and 20 healthy subjects underwent gait analysis (GA). The spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters at the proximal joints were found to be similar in HSP and SD, whereas the most significant differences were found at the knee and ankle joints. Both groups displayed a tendency for knee hyperextension in the midstance phase, but the duration of this hyperextension was longer in the HSP patients. This study shows that GA complements traditional clinical evaluations, making it possible to distinguish, clearly, between motor ability in HSP and in SD patients; the duration of the knee hyperextension during midstance was found to discriminate between the two gait patterns.
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Uzicanin S, Catibusic F, Terzic S, Zubcevic S. Familiar spastic paraplegia presenting in a boy with Klinefelter syndrome--case report. Med Arh 2007; 61:52-3. [PMID: 17582979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this case report, the boy with familiar spastic paraplegia, the relatively rare genetic disorder and Klinefelter syndrome that was found during investigation, has been presented. The diagnosis of the disease has been established by anamnesis, clinical features and relevant diagnostic procedures, so the criteria for autosomal dominant type of the familiar spastic paraplegia have been fulfilled. The therapeutic possibilities are limited to the physical therapy and orthopedic treatment of feet deformities.
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Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of the association of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP). Therefore, 132 patients with HSP were evaluated concerning the symptoms of RLS by a standardized questionnaire. RLS was supposed when patients met all of the established four essential criteria of RLS defined by the International RLS Study Group. In addition, we studied the relationship between RLS and age at HSP symptom onset and evaluated the severity of RLS symptoms. Out of 59 responses, RLS was found in 27 HSP patients (15 male, 12 female) so that RLS was more frequent in the total HSP group (20.5%; 27/132) than in previous population-based studies (about 11%). In all 27 patients, the diagnosis of RLS was established based on an additional personal interview. The probability to develop RLS did not increase with higher age. Age at onset of HSP symptoms in the HSP group with RLS (27.7 +/- 12.6 years) and the HSP group without RLS (37.0 +/- 16.9 years) differed significantly (p = 0.04). Most of the patients with RLS showed a moderate and severe grade on the RLS severity score. Only 8 patients had previously been diagnosed to have RLS and were on medication. The data of this screening for RLS provided evidence that patients with HSP are particularly susceptible to develop RLS. Consequently, special emphasis should be put on the diagnosis criteria of RLS in HSP patients.
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Abstract
A 47-year-old patient with hereditary spastic paraplegia and parkinsonian features is reported. Treatment with levodopa led to marked improvement in his neurological status and quality of life. However, several years later he developed motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. The latter promptly remitted with amantadine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Micheli
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Olmez A, Uyanik G, Ozgül RK, Gross C, Cirak S, Elibol B, Anlar B, Winner B, Hehr U, Topaloglu H, Winkler J. Further clinical and genetic characterization of SPG11: hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum. Neuropediatrics 2006; 37:59-66. [PMID: 16773502 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-923982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders leading to progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. Clinically, HSPs are divided into "pure" and "complicated" forms. In pure HSP, the spasticity of the lower limbs is the sole symptom, whereas in complicated forms additional neurological and non-neurological features are observed. Genetically, HSPs are divided into autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) forms. Up to date, 30 different HSPs are linked to different chromosomal loci and 11 genes could be defined for AR-HSP, AD-HSP and XL-HSP. SPG11, an AR-HSP (synonym: HSP11), is a complicated HSP associated with a slowly progressive spastic paraparesis, mental impairment and the development of a thin corpus callosum (TCC) during the course of the disease. SPG11 has been previously linked to chromosomal region 15q13 - 15. First, we applied rigid diagnostic criteria to systematically examine 20 Turkish families with autosomal recessive HSP for characteristic features of SPG11. We detected four large Turkish families with AR-HSP and TCC consistent with SPG11. Subsequent genetic linkage analysis of those 4 families refines the SPG11 locus further down to a small region of 2.93 cM with a maximum lod score of 11.84 at marker D15S659 and will guide further candidate gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olmez
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Klebe S, Azzedine H, Durr A, Bastien P, Bouslam N, Elleuch N, Forlani S, Charon C, Koenig M, Melki J, Brice A, Stevanin G. Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia (SPG30) with mild ataxia and sensory neuropathy maps to chromosome 2q37.3. Brain 2006; 129:1456-62. [PMID: 16434418 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive spasticity in the lower limbs. Twenty-nine different loci (SPG) have been mapped so far, and 11 responsible genes have been identified. Clinically, one distinguishes between pure and complex HSP forms which are variably associated with numerous combinations of neurological and extra-neurological signs. Less is known about autosomal recessive forms (ARHSP) since the mapped loci have been identified often in single families and account for only a small percentage of patients. We report a new ARHSP locus (SPG30) on chromosome 2q37.3 in a consanguineous family with seven unaffected and four affected members of Algerian origin living in Eastern France with a significant multipoint lod score of 3.8. Ten other families from France (n = 4), Tunisia (n = 2), Algeria (n = 3) and the Czech Republic (n = 1) were not linked to the newly identified locus thus demonstrating further genetic heterogeneity. The phenotype of the linked family consists of spastic paraparesis and peripheral neuropathy associated with slight cerebellar signs confirmed by cerebellar atrophy on one CT scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Klebe
- INSERM U679, Federative Institute for Neuroscience Research (IFR70), Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
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Bouhouche A, Benomar A, Bouslam N, Chkili T, Yahyaoui M. Mutation in the epsilon subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin-containing t-complex peptide-1 (Cct5) gene causes autosomal recessive mutilating sensory neuropathy with spastic paraplegia. J Med Genet 2006; 43:441-3. [PMID: 16399879 PMCID: PMC2564519 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.039230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutilating sensory neuropathy with spastic paraplegia is a very rare disease with both autosomal dominant and recessive modes of inheritance. We previously mapped the locus of the autosomal recessive form to a 25 cM interval between markers D5S2048 and D5S648 on chromosome 5p. In this candidate interval, the Cct5 gene encoding the epsilon subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin-containing t-complex peptide-1 (CCT) was the most obvious candidate gene since mutation in the Cct4 gene encoding the CCT delta subunit has been reported to be associated with autosomal recessive mutilating sensory neuropathy in mutilated foot (mf) rat mutant. METHODS A consanguineous Moroccan family with four patients displaying mutilating sensory neuropathy associated with spastic paraplegia was investigated. To identify the disease causing gene, the 11 coding exons of the Cct5 gene were screened for mutations by direct sequencing in all family members including the four patients, parents, and six at risk relatives. RESULTS Sequence analysis of the Cct5 gene revealed a missense A492G mutation in exon 4 that results in the substitution of a highly conserved histidine for arginine amino acid 147. Interestingly, R147 was absent in 384 control matched chromosomes tested. CONCLUSION This is the first disease causing mutation that has been identified in the human CCT subunit genes; the mf rat mutant could serve as an animal model for studying these chaperonopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouhouche
- Service de Neurologie et de Neurogénétique, Hôpital des Spécialités, Rabat, Morocco.
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Yanase D, Komai K, Hamaguchi T, Okino S, Yokoji H, Makifuchi T, Takano H, Yamada M. Hereditary spastic paraplegia with frontal lobe dysfunction: a clinicopathologic study. Neurology 2005; 63:2149-52. [PMID: 15596767 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000145670.15559.b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report an unusual family with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with frontal lobe dysfunction having the onset in the sixth decade. All the patients showed hypoperfusion in the frontal lobes and thalami on SPECT. Neuropathologic findings revealed thin corpus callosum and degeneration in the thalamic dorsomedial nuclei as well as degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. This family was likely affected by a novel form of HSP characterized by frontal lobe dysfunction caused by thalamic degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yanase
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
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31
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Brockmann K, Simpson MA, Faber A, Bönnemann C, Crosby AH, Gärtner J. Complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC) and childhood onset. Neuropediatrics 2005; 36:274-8. [PMID: 16138254 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-872809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of rare disorders with the predominant clinical feature of progressive spastic paraplegia. They are subdivided into pure and complicated forms according to whether the disorder is associated with other neurological abnormalities. We report on two unrelated female Caucasian patients with complicated HSP, aged 16 and 24 years, who showed progressive gait disturbance with spasticity and ataxia as well as cognitive impairment. Onset of symptoms was at age 3 and 10 years, respectively. MRI revealed mild diffuse non-progressive T (2)-signal alterations of cerebral white matter and thinning of the body and genu of the corpus callosum. Some similarity of clinical symptoms and MRI patterns with the phenotype of Mast syndrome prompted a mutation analysis of the SPG21 gene, encoding maspardin, which revealed a wild-type sequence in both patients. Clinical and neuroradiological features in our patients are diagnostic for complicated autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC, SPG11). This disorder, characterized by a typical MRI pattern and a progressive spastic paraplegia that may be associated with dementia and ataxia, may have an onset in early childhood and probably is one of the more common forms of complicated HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brockmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
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Kang SY, Lee MH, Lee SK, Sohn YH. Levodopa-responsive parkinsonism in hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2004; 10:425-7. [PMID: 15465400 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Revised: 05/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum is a rare degenerative disease, which is characterized by a progressive weakness of the lower limbs with a hypoplastic corpus callosum, and is often associated with other symptoms such as mental impairment, amyotrophy, sensory disturbances, dysuria, nystagmus and cataract. We describe two siblings (brother and sister) who showed a thin corpus callosum on MRI, one of whom showed the pure form of progressive spastic paraplegia, while the other showed predominant levodopa-responsive parkinsonism. The present cases are illustrative of a phenotypic heterogeneity in the same family of spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum, despite the identical neuroimaging findings, and also presented another form of autosomal recessive juvenile levodopa-responsive parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Y Kang
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Blumen SC, Bevan S, Abu-Mouch S, Negus D, Kahana M, Inzelberg R, Mazarib A, Mahamid A, Carasso RL, Slor H, Withers D, Nisipeanu P, Navon R, Reid E. A locus for complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia maps to chromosome 1q24-q32. Ann Neurol 2004; 54:796-803. [PMID: 14681889 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We updated the clinical features of a consanguineous Arab Israeli family, in which four of seven children were affected by spastic paraplegia complicated by skin pigmentary abnormalities. A genomewide linkage screen performed for the family identified a new locus (SPG23) for this form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, in an approximately 25cM region of chromosome 1q24-q32, with a peak logarithm of odds score of 3.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu C Blumen
- Department of Neurology, Hillel-Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera. Israel
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Simpson MA, Cross H, Proukakis C, Pryde A, Hershberger R, Chatonnet A, Patton MA, Crosby AH. Maspardin is mutated in mast syndrome, a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with dementia. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:1147-56. [PMID: 14564668 PMCID: PMC1180493 DOI: 10.1086/379522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Accepted: 09/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast syndrome is an autosomal recessive, complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia with dementia that is present at high frequency among the Old Order Amish. Subtle childhood abnormalities may be present, but the main features develop in early adulthood. The disease is slowly progressive, and cerebellar and extrapyramidal signs are also found in patients with advanced disease. Patients have a thin corpus callosum and white-matter abnormalities, as seen on magnetic resonance imaging. Using an extensive Amish pedigree, we have mapped the Mast syndrome locus (SPG21) to a small interval of chromosome 15q22.31 that encompasses just three genes. Sequence analysis of the three transcripts revealed that all 14 affected cases were homozygous for a single base-pair insertion (601insA) in the acid-cluster protein of 33 kDa (ACP33) gene. This frameshift results in the premature termination (fs201-212X213) of the encoded product, which is designated "maspardin" (Mast syndrome, spastic paraplegia, autosomal recessive with dementia), and has been shown elsewhere to localize to intracellular endosomal/trans-Golgi transportation vesicles and may function in protein transport and sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Simpson
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; Windows of Hope Genetic Studies, Baltic, OH; and Departement de Physiologie Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier, France
| | - Harold Cross
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; Windows of Hope Genetic Studies, Baltic, OH; and Departement de Physiologie Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier, France
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; Windows of Hope Genetic Studies, Baltic, OH; and Departement de Physiologie Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Pryde
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; Windows of Hope Genetic Studies, Baltic, OH; and Departement de Physiologie Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier, France
| | - Ruth Hershberger
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; Windows of Hope Genetic Studies, Baltic, OH; and Departement de Physiologie Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Chatonnet
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; Windows of Hope Genetic Studies, Baltic, OH; and Departement de Physiologie Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael A. Patton
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; Windows of Hope Genetic Studies, Baltic, OH; and Departement de Physiologie Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew H. Crosby
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; Windows of Hope Genetic Studies, Baltic, OH; and Departement de Physiologie Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Following the association of hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) with mutation in the paraplegin gene (SPG7) and mitochondrial dysfunction, we wished to investigate whether mitochondrial dysfunction might be associated with other forms of HSP. Five cases of HSP caused by mutation in the spastin gene (SPG4) and nine cases with HSP with mutation in the spastin and paraplegin genes excluded (non-SPG4/SPG7), were investigated for mitochondrial dysfunction. Muscle tissue from the HSP groups and a control group was analysed histochemically and spectrophotometrically for mitochondrial dysfunction. A significant decrease in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and IV was demonstrated in the non-SPG4/SPG7 group. No abnormality was detected in the SPG4 group. We therefore conclude that there is evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in non-SPG4/SPG7 HSP. There is no evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of spastin-related HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J McDermott
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Colazza
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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Kunisawa T, Takahata O, Takayama K, Sengoku K, Suzuki A, Iwasaki H. [Anesthetic management of a patient with hereditary spastic paraplegia]. Masui 2002; 51:64-6. [PMID: 11840668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We experienced the anesthetic management of a 39 year-old-male with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) associated with pain due to pes cavus. He underwent orthomorphia ostectomy and tenodesis. Preoperative neurological examination revealed that he had slight dementia, symptoms of the pyramidal tract, lower limb bathyhypesthesia, and neurogenic bladder in addition to spastic paraplegia, and he was diagnosed as having combined type of HSP. Spinocerebellar degeneration is often accompanied with this type of HSP. To avoid the use of muscle relaxants and narcotics, we tried to induce anesthesia with inhalation of nitrous oxide (N2O), oxygen and sevoflurane (sevo). A laryngeal mask (LM) was inserted at the expiratory concentration of sevo 3.5%. Anesthesia was maintained by N2O, oxygen and sevo (2-3%) under spontaneous respiration. The patient recovered from anesthesia after the end of surgery, and the LM was removed smoothly. The patient's respiratory condition was stable, and no problems were found in the postoperative period.
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Maruta K, Kondo I. [A family of hereditary spastic paraplegia with dementia, ataxia, and dystonia]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2001; 41:683-90. [PMID: 11993189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We reported three siblings with complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. The striking features in these patients were characterized by early onset of gait disturbance, mental deficiency, and dystonia. The most likely diagnosis was Mast syndrome. Patient 1: A 44 years-old woman. She first developed gait disturbances at age of 8. She was admitted in our hospital because of progressive spastic paraplegia. Neurological examination revealed mental deficiency, saccadic pursuit eye movement, speech disturbance of cerebellar type, ataxia, and spastic paraplegia. She showed also dystonia in the face, tongue, and trunk. MRI showed cerebellar atrophy. Patient 2: A 51 years-old brother of the patient 1. He had mentally retarded. Late teens he developed gait disturbance. Gradually he manifested spastic paraplegia, dysarthria, dysphasia, mental deficiency, and ataxia. He also showed incontinence of urine and feces. Then he became bedridden, apathetic, and showed forced crying. MRI showed diffuse brain atrophy. Patient 3: A 48 year-old woman. This woman, a sister of the patient 1, showed progressive gait disturbance and dysarthria. She also developed incontinence, apathy, and dystonia. She became bedridden, responding to simple questions with only occasional single-word answers. Her speech was slurred, and spastic paraplegia was noted. MRI showed diffuse brain atrophy including marked atrophy of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maruta
- Division of Neurology, National Nichinan Hospital
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Teive HA, Iwamoto FM, Camargo CH, Lopes-Cendes I, Werneck LC. Machado-Joseph disease versus hereditary spastic paraplegia: case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2001; 59:809-11. [PMID: 11593289 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2001000500030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is the most common autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia and presents great phenotypic variability. MJD presenting with spastic paraparesis was recently described in Japanese patients. We report the case of 41-year-old woman with the phenotype of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Her father died at the age of 56 years due to an undiagnosed progressive neurological disease that presented parkinsonism. She had an expanded allele with 66 CAG repeats and a normal allele with 22 repeats in the gene of MJD. MJD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of autosomal dominant complicated HSP. A patient with the phenotype of complicated HSP and relatives with other clinical features of a neurodegenerative disease should raise the suspicion of MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Teive
- Division of Neurology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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40
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Wakabayashi K, Kobayashi H, Kawasaki S, Kondo H, Takahashi H. Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum, multisystem degeneration and ubiquitinated eosinophilic granules. Acta Neuropathol 2001; 101:69-73. [PMID: 11194944 DOI: 10.1007/s004010000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a 48-year-old woman with familial spastic paraplegia (FSP) showing mental retardation, amyotrophy and sensory disturbance. Her parents were second cousins and there were two other affected siblings in the family. Autopsy revealed degenerative lesions characterized by neuronal loss and gliosis in the upper and lower motor neuron systems, thalamus, lateral geniculate body, dentate nucleus and posterior column of the spinal cord. The remaining neurons often contained ubiquitinated lipofuscin granules. Although the corpus callosum was severely attenuated, it exhibited well-preserved myelination and only minimal gliosis. In the substantia nigra, the number of pigmented neurons was apparently low, but there was slight gliosis and no extraneuronal free melanin pigment in the background. The neurons in this brain region contained much smaller amounts of melanin pigment than might be expected for the patient's age. These findings suggest that this is an example of a family with autosomal recessive FSP with thin corpus callosum, and that maldevelopment of the corpus callosum and substantia nigra is a characteristic feature of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wakabayashi
- Brain Disease Research Center, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan.
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41
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Lo Nigro C, Cusano R, Scaranari M, Cinti R, Forabosco P, Morra VB, De Michele G, Santoro L, Davies S, Hurst J, Devoto M, Ravazzolo R, Seri M. A refined physical and transcriptional map of the SPG9 locus on 10q23.3-q24.2. Eur J Hum Genet 2000; 8:777-82. [PMID: 11039578 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterised by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. Beside 'pure' forms of HSP, 'complicated' forms are reported, where spasticity occurs associated with additional symptoms. We recently described an Italian family with a complicated dominant form of HSP (SPG9) and we mapped the gene responsible to 10q23.3-q24.2, in a 12cM interval between markers D10S564 and D10S603. The phenotypic manifestations in our family are reminiscent of those already described in a smaller British pedigree. We typed individuals from this British family using markers located in the SPG9 critical interval and haplotype reconstruction showed the disorder co-segregating with SPG9. To characterise the SPG9 region better, we constructed a contig of 22 YACs, assigned it to 18 polymorphic markers and positioned 54 ESTs. Furthermore, we searched for ESTs containing a trinucleotide repeat sequence, since anticipation of symptoms was reported in both families. Finally, analysis of a muscle biopsy specimen from one patient was normal, suggesting that, contrary to SPG7, mitochondrial disturbance could not be a primary feature of SPG9.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lo Nigro
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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Okubo S, Ueda M, Kamiya T, Mizumura S, Terashi A, Katayama Y. Neurological and neuroradiological progression in hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum. Acta Neurol Scand 2000; 102:196-9. [PMID: 10987381 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2000.102003196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We followed-up a Japanese man suffering from hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC) by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 123IN-isopropyl-piodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) over 4 years (25 to 29 years old). Besides the initial symptoms of lower limb spasticity, mental deterioration slightly progressed and upper limb spasticity and slight cerebellar ataxia were developed, during the period. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an extremely thin corpus callosum and medial frontal atrophy, which remained essentially unchanged during the period. 123I-IMP SPECT demonstrated that cerebral blood flow was decreased in the thalamus and the medial frontal, temporal and parietal cortices at the first examination, and that the thalamus showed further reduction but the other involved regions presented essentially no progression during the follow-up period. This is the first report referring to the longitudinal clinical and neuroradiological changes in HSP-TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okubo
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. okubo/
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Vazza G, Zortea M, Boaretto F, Micaglio GF, Sartori V, Mostacciuolo ML. A new locus for autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia associated with mental retardation and distal motor neuropathy, SPG14, maps to chromosome 3q27-q28. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67:504-9. [PMID: 10877981 PMCID: PMC1287196 DOI: 10.1086/303017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2000] [Accepted: 06/16/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs), a group of neurodegenerative disorders that cause progressive spasticity of the lower limbs, are characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity. To date, three loci for autosomal recessive HSP have been mapped on chromosomes 8p, 16q, and 15q. After exclusion of linkage at these loci, we performed a genomewide search in a consanguineous Italian family with autosomal recessive HSP complicated by mild mental retardation and distal motor neuropathy. Using homozygosity mapping, we obtained positive LOD scores for markers on chromosome region 3q27-q28, with a maximum multipoint LOD score of 3.9 for marker D3S1601. Haplotype analysis allowed us to identify a homozygous region (4.5 cM), flanked by markers D3S1580 and D3S3669, that cosegregates with the disease. These data strongly support the presence, on chromosome 3q27-28, of a new locus for complicated recessive spastic paraplegia, which we have named "SPG14."
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Vazza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, and Department of Neurology, Hospital of Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - M. Zortea
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, and Department of Neurology, Hospital of Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - F. Boaretto
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, and Department of Neurology, Hospital of Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - G. F. Micaglio
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, and Department of Neurology, Hospital of Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - V. Sartori
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, and Department of Neurology, Hospital of Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - M. L. Mostacciuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, and Department of Neurology, Hospital of Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- C McDermott
- Department of Neurology, Ward 11, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
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Leys A, Gilbert HD, Van De Sompel W, Verougstraete C, Devriendt K, Lagae L, Gass JD. Familial spastic paraplegia and maculopathy with juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis and subretinal neovascularization. Retina 2000; 20:184-9. [PMID: 10783952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a previously unreported condition involving familial spastic paraplegia and a peculiar type of maculopathy. METHODS Two pairs of siblings were studied. All four cases underwent serial clinical examinations, fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography. Two siblings had extensive investigations. RESULTS Characteristics of the four cases include spastic paraplegia diagnosed in the first decade of life and visual loss at about age 9 due to a maculopathy with an abnormal vascular complex. In the early stages, parafoveal dilatation of the capillary network was noted. The later stages were characterized by cystic macular degeneration, and seven of eight eyes developed fibrovascular scars with retinochoroidal anastomoses, pigment migration, and atrophic changes. In two siblings, electro-oculographic findings were subnormal, whereas results of electroretinography, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord, and metabolic and karyotype studies were normal. These siblings were an Indonesian girl and boy; the other siblings were white males. There was no consanguinity of the parents and family history was unremarkable. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the two pairs of siblings have an identical familial and probably recessive disorder with neurodegenerative changes that have caused paraplegia and a peculiar maculopathy associated with anomalous retinal vascular complexes, retinochoroidal anastomoses, and subretinal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leys
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
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Byrne PC, Mc Monagle P, Webb S, Fitzgerald B, Parfrey NA, Hutchinson M. Age-related cognitive decline in hereditary spastic paraparesis linked to chromosome 2p. Neurology 2000; 54:1510-7. [PMID: 10751268 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.54.7.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether cognitive decline is part of the phenotype of SPG4-linked hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) and to determine whether cognitive changes are present in haplotype carriers before the onset of paraparesis. BACKGROUND The major locus for "pure" autosomal dominant HSP is the SPG4 locus on chromosome 2p. Cognitive impairment linked to this locus has been described in two families. METHODS The authors identified 19 families with "pure" autosomal dominant HSP. Five had linkage to the SPG4 locus (maximum lod score for D2S2374: 5.99 at zero recombination in four smaller families and 3.86 at zero recombination in the largest family). Haplotype construction identified a disease haplotype for all families; 41 individuals carried this haplotype (30 affected by HSP, 11 unaffected). All haplotype carriers and 41 matched controls underwent Cambridge Cognitive (CAMCOG) examination. Nonparametric significance tests were used comparing total and subset scores. RESULTS Haplotype carriers affected by HSP had lower total CAMCOG scores than control subjects (85.86/107 versus 96.2/107; p < 0.0005). The subsets of orientation, memory, language expression, and comprehension were also significantly lower. Ten individuals had scores < or =80/107, indicating mild dementia. Unaffected haplotype carriers had mean total CAMCOG scores lower than control subjects (91.82/107 versus 98. 09/107; p = 0.016). In both groups cognitive decline was age-dependent and scores diverged from control subjects from age 40. All SPG4-linked families showed the effect. CONCLUSION Mild, age-related cognitive impairment is a feature common to these families. It illustrates variable phenotypic expression at this locus and may be the first manifestation of the disease gene in individuals as yet unaffected by paraparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Byrne
- Department of Pathology, University College Dublin and St Vincent's University Hospital, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richardson
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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48
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Topaloğlu H, Pinarli G, Erdem H, Gücüyener K, Karaduman A, Topçu M, Akarsu AN, Ozgüç M. Clinical observations in autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia in childhood and further evidence for genetic heterogeneity. Neuropediatrics 1998; 29:189-94. [PMID: 9762694 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Among our 23 families (32 cases) with autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (AR-HSP) all presenting in childhood, 9 families had the "pure" form. Occasional patients with this form had upper extremity hyperreflexia, pes cavus and sphincter disturbances, even at the early stages. Fourteen families were classified as the "complicated" types which manifested with mental retardation and cerebellar abnormalities. The evolution and severity was variable, but was generally consistent within families. Carriers (parents) did not manifest any signs. A total of 5 multiplex families with "complicated" type were used to test for a genetic heterogeneity to the region on chromosome 8p12-q13 where the "pure" AR-HSP has been mapped previously. No evidence in favor of linkage was detected in 3 of our families, thus we further supported genetic heterogeneity for AR-HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Topaloğlu
- Department of Child Neurology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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49
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Crook R, Verkkoniemi A, Perez-Tur J, Mehta N, Baker M, Houlden H, Farrer M, Hutton M, Lincoln S, Hardy J, Gwinn K, Somer M, Paetau A, Kalimo H, Ylikoski R, Pöyhönen M, Kucera S, Haltia M. A variant of Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis and unusual plaques due to deletion of exon 9 of presenilin 1. Nat Med 1998; 4:452-5. [PMID: 9546792 DOI: 10.1038/nm0498-452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a Finnish pedigree with 17 affected individuals of both sexes in three generations. The disease is characterized by progressive dementia which is, in most cases, preceded by spastic paraparesis. Neuropathological investigations revealed numerous, distinct, large, round and eosinophilic plaques as well as neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid angiopathy throughout the cerebral cortex. The predominant plaques resembled cotton wool balls and were immunoreactive for Abeta but lacked a congophilic dense core or marked plaque-related neuritic pathology. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that the disease was caused by a deletion of exon 9 (delta9) of the presenilin 1 (PS1) gene from the mRNA: unlike previous examples of the delta9 variant, the deletion was not caused by a splice acceptor site mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Crook
- Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida 32084, USA
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Guillén-Navarro E, Wallerstein R, Moran E, Chu ML, Grant A. A new form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia with cataracts, atretic ear canals and hypopigmentation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1998; 100:64-7. [PMID: 9637210 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-8467(97)00123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A 16-year-old Hispanic boy born of consanguineous parents is described as having a history of cataracts, progressive lower-extremity spasticity and atrophy starting at 4 years of age, atretic ear canals with hearing dysfunction and diffuse patchy cutaneous hypopigmented areas. Clinical examination showed the typical signs of spastic paraplegia with increased tone, hyperreflexia, muscle atrophy and contractures. Sensation, autonomic and cerebellar functions were not disturbed. Neuroimaging studies were normal. Laboratory findings did not support a diagnosis of metabolic disturbance or infectious disease. This is considered a new form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), transmitted presumably in an autosomal recessive pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guillén-Navarro
- Human Genetics Program, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
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