Does Benzydamine Hydrochloride Applied Preemptively Reduce Sore Throat Due to Laryngeal Mask Airway?

Effectivity of benzydamine hydrochloride gargle to reduce propofol consumption in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a complex endoscopic procedure that requires moderate to deep sedation. Propofol is the sedative agent of choice for sedation in ERCP due to its fast distribution and fast elimination time without a cumulative effect after infusion, resulting in shorter recovery time. Benzydamine hydrochloride is a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic, local anesthetic, and anti-inflammatory effects that have been known to be effective in reducing postoperative sore throat. Combination of propofol and topical analgesic may provide adequate sedation and reduce propofol consumption. This study aimed to determine the effectivity of benzydamine hydrochloride gargling in reducing propofol consumption in the ERCP procedure.

METHODS

This study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial for patients undergoing ERCP procedures at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from August to September 2018. A total of 72 subjects were recruited consecutively and randomly assigned into two groups. The first group received 15 mL of 0.15% benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash prior to the procedure, whereas the second group received 15 mL of water mouthwash. Additional propofol was administered when patient moved or Ramsay Sedation Scale rose above 4. Cumulative propofol consumption per kg body weight per minute and incidence of postoperative sore throat were recorded in each group. Incidence of desaturation, postoperative nausea vomitting, and dysphagia were also recorded. Data analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

RESULTS

Cumulative propofol consumption per minute per kg body weight in the benzydamine hydrochloride group was 152.7 (91.9-238.8) mcg/kg/minute, while in the control group was 200.05 (114.4-380.2) mcg/kg/ minute (p = < 0.001). The incidence of sore throat on the 0th, 2nd, and 4th hour for the benzydamine hydrochloride group was 11.4, 11.4, and 5.7%, while in the control group was 50, 52.8, and 36.1% (p = < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.003). Desaturation was found in control group whereas none in benzydamine hydrochloride group. Complaints of nausea and vomiting were comparable in both groups.

CONCLUSION

Benzydamine hydrochloride gargling was effective in reducing cumulative propofol consumption in the ERCP procedure.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Study was registered retrospectively in ClinicalTrials.gov with NCT04167592 on November 8th 2019.

[Actual considerations of post-tonsillectomy case management]

INTRODUCTION

Despite the large number of studies and clinical observations on timely analgesia in the postoperative period, there are no clearly formulated views on the nature of the pain syndrome, and there are no modern protocols for the treatment of pain after tonsillectomy.

PURPOSE

The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of a homeopathic monocomponent herbal product Arnica Montana C9 (BUARON) on the condition of patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The article presents a study that was conducted in patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis who were admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University for planned surgery.

RESULTS

Entered the results of the study into the developed computer database on a personal computer using tables 'Microsoft Excel'. Carried out the analysis and statistical processing of the obtained data using the software package Statistica for Windows v.10.0, determined the parameters of descriptive statistics.

DISCUSSION

In accordance with the results of statistical analysis, it was found that the use of a homeopathic monocomponent herbal product Arnica Montana C9 (BOIRON) in patients after tonsillectomy leads to a reduction in treatment time compared to traditional therapy.

CONCLUSION

The use of Arnica Montana C9 (BOIRON) can reduce the severity of pain in patients after tonsillectomy.

Reducing sore throat following laryngeal mask airway insertion: comparing lidocaine gel, saline, and washing mouth with the control group

BACKGROUND

Laryngeal mask airway is still accompanied by complications such as sore throat. In this study, effects of three methods of reducing postoperative sore throat were compared with the control group.

METHODS

240 patients with ASA I, II candidates for cataract surgery were randomly divided into four same groups. No supplementary method was used in the control group. In the second, third and fourth groups, lidocaine gel, washing cuff before insertion, and washing mouth before removing laryngeal mask airway were applied, respectively. Anesthesia induction was done with fentanyl, atracurium, and propofol and maintained with propofol infusion. The incidence of sore throat was evaluated during the recovery, 3-4h later and after 24h using verbal analog scale. The data were analyzed by t-test, analysis of variance and chi-square using SPSS V11.5.

RESULTS

Age, gender, duration of surgery and cuff pressure were the same in all the four groups. Incidence of sore throat at recovery room was highest in the control group (43.3%) and lowest in the washing mouth group (25%). However, no significant statistical difference was observed between these four groups (recovery, p=0.30; discharge, p=0.31; examination, p=0.52). In this study, increased duration of operation had a significant relationship with the incidence of sore throat (p=0.041).

CONCLUSION

Sore throat is a common postoperative problem, but no special method has been found completely efficient yet. In this study, cuff washing, lidocaine gel, and mouth washing before removing laryngeal mask airway were not helpful for sore throat.

A prospective, randomised, clinical study to compare the use of McGrath(®), Truview(®) and Macintosh laryngoscopes for endotracheal intubation by novice and experienced Anaesthesiologists

Background and Aims:

Video laryngoscopy has been recommended as an alternative during difficult conventional direct laryngoscopy using the Macintosh blade (MAC). However, successful visualisation of the larynx and tracheal intubation using some of the indirect laryngoscopes or video laryngoscopes (VL) requires hand-eye coordination. We conducted this study to determine whether non-channel VLs are easy to use for novices and whether there is any association between expertise with MAC and ease of tracheal intubation with VLs.

Methods:

Anaesthesiologists participating in the study were divided into three groups: Group novice to intubation (NTI), Group novice to videoscope (NVL)- experienced with MAC, novice to VLs and Group expert (EXP) experienced in all. Group NTI, NVL received prior mannequin training. VLs- Truview^® and McGrath series 5 (MGR) were compared with MAC. One hundred and twenty six adult patients with normal airway were randomised to both, the intubating anaesthesiologist and laryngoscope. The time taken to intubate (TTI) and participants’ rating of the ease of use was recorded on a scale of 1–10 (10-most difficult).

Results:

In Group NTI, there was no difference in mean TTI with the three scopes (P = 0.938). In Group NVL, TTI was longer with the VLs than MAC (P < 0.001). In Group EXP, TTI with VL took 20 s more (P < 0.001). There was significant difference in participants’ rating of ease of use of laryngoscope in Group NVL (P = 0.001) but not in the NTI (P = 0.205), EXP (P = 0.529) groups. A high failure was seen with MGR in Group NTI and NVL.

Conclusion:

In Group NTI, TTI and the ease of use were similar for all scopes. Expertise with standard direct laryngoscopy does not translate to expertise with VLs. Separate training and experience with VLs is required.

The Effect of Flurbiprofen on Postoperative Sore Throat and Hoarseness After LMA-ProSeal Insertion: A Randomised, Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVE

We hypothesized that flurbiprofen lozenges reduce the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (LMA) related symptoms of Post Operative Sore Throat (POST), hoarseness and dysphagia compared to placebo lozenges.

METHODS

Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II patients undergoing general anaesthesia with LMA were included in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical and single centre (university hospital) study. Group F received an 8.75 mg flurbiprofen lozenge (Strefen(®)) and Group P received a placebo lozenge 45 minutes before the induction of anaesthesia. Postoperative sore throat, hoarseness and dysphagia were evaluated 30 minutes after removal of the LMA in the recovery room and then at 4, 12 and 24 h after surgery using a 4-point scale. Data were analysed using Student's t test, and Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The 8.75 mg flurbiprofen lozenges reduced the severity of early (30 mins) POST and dysphagia. The severity of dysphagia at 4 h and hoarseness at 12 h were also significantly reduced in Group F. There were no significant differences betweeen the groups regarding incidence of sore throat, dysphagia and hoarseness throughout the study period.

CONCLUSION

Preoperative flurbiprofen lozenges reduce the severity of early postoperative sore throat and dysphagia.

Effect of Intravenous Hydrocortisone on Preventing Postoperative Sore Throat Followed by Laryngeal Mask Airway Use in patients Undergoing Urogenital Surgeries

INTRODUCTION

Postoperative sore throat is a common complication which can lead to discomfort after operation and delay in patients' returning to normal daily activities. The present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of intravenous hydrocortisone on preventing postoperative sore throat followed by laryngeal mask airway use.

METHODS

Sixty patients who were scheduled to undergo urogenital surgery were divided into two groups. Five minutes before anesthesia induction, 100 mg of intravenous hydrocortisone or placebo with the same volume were given to the patients randomly. At the end of the operation and after LMAs were removed, patients were asked about having sore throat at hours 2, 4 and 24 after operation.

RESULTS

There were three and six cases of sore throat after operation in hydrocortisone and in placebo groups respectively which showed no significant statistical difference (P=0.472). No cases of moderate or severe pain were reported in any of the patients in both groups and no statistically significant difference was observed regarding pain severity in recovery, hours 2, 4 or 24 after operation.

CONCLUSION

Based on the statistical data obtained from this research, administrating intravenous hydrocortisone five minutes before anesthesia induction has no effect on postoperative sore throat severity and degree in urogenital surgeries.

Dexpanthenol pastille and benzydamine hydrochloride spray for the prevention of post-operative sore throat

BACKGROUND

In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of dexpanthenol pastille and benzydamine hydrochloride spray on the prevention of a sore throat.

METHODS

One hundred and eighty patients undergoing general anaesthesia, who were ASA I-II and with their ages ranging between 15 and 70 years, were randomly allocated to three groups, each consisting of 60 patients. For group B, four puffs of benzydamine hydrochloride were sprayed into the mouth initially 30 min before the operation and repeatedly 5 min before anaesthesia induction. For group D, two pastilles of dexpanthenol were administered orally to be sucked 30 min before the operation. For group P, four puffs of distilled water were sprayed into the mouth initially 30 min before the operation. Post-operatively, patients were evaluated for a sore throat for the duration of 24 h.

RESULTS

The incidence of a sore throat was significantly lower for group D when compared with group B and group P. The incidence of a sore throat was similar for group B and group P. According to the sore throat grading system, the number of patients experiencing no complaints was significantly higher for group D when compared with group B and group P. The number of patients achieving moderate scores was significantly higher for group B when compared with group D.

CONCLUSION

The administration of 200 mg of dexpanthenol prophylactically before endotracheal intubation is effective in the prevention of post-operative sore throat.

An evaluation of the efficacy of aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study

Postoperative sore throat (POST), although a minor complication, remains a source of postoperative morbidity. We compared the efficacy of dispersible aspirin gargle to benzydamine hydrochloride (a topical nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug) gargles for prevention of POST. We enrolled 60 consecutive female patients, 16-60 yr of age, ASA physical status I or II, undergoing elective modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 subjects each: Group 1 (C) mineral water; Group 2 (AS) tab aspirin 350 mg; and Group 3 (BH) 15 mL of benzydamine hydrochloride (0.15%). All the medications were made into 30 mL of solution. Patients were asked to gargle this mixture for 30 s, 5 min before induction of anesthesia. Grading of POST was done at 0, 2, 4, and 24 h postoperatively on a 4-point scale (0-3). Aspirin gargles reduced the incidence of POST for 4 h whereas benzydamine hydrochloride gargles reduced POST for 24 h. POST was more severe in the control group at 0 and 2 h (P < 0.05). Aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargles significantly reduced the incidence and severity of POST (P < 0.05).

Emerging approaches for prophylaxis and management of oropharyngeal mucositis in cancer therapy

Oral mucositis is a common treatment-limiting side effect of cancer therapy that may have a significant impact on quality of life and on the cost of care. Oral mucositis is the most distressing complication of cancer therapy as reported by head and neck cancer patients, in patients receiving dose-dense myelosuppressive chemotherapy and in patients receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplant. Mucositis may increase the risk of local and systemic infection, particularly in myelosuppressed patients. Severe oral mucositis can lead to the need to interrupt or discontinue cancer therapy, and thus may impact cure of the primary disease. Current care of patients with mucositis is essentially palliative, and includes appropriate oral hygiene, nonirritating diet and oral care products, topical palliative mouth rinses, topical anaesthetics and use of systemic opioid analgesics. Emerging approaches for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis are developing based on an increasing understanding of the pathobiology of mucosal damage and repair. New interventions are expected to be administered based on the mechanisms of initiation, progression and resolution of the condition. The approval by the FDA of keratinocyte growth factor (palifermin; Amgen) in 2004 represents a new step in prevention of oral mucositis in stem cell transplant patients based on the increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of mucositis. Progress in the prevention and management of mucositis will improve quality of life, reduce cost of care and facilitate completion of more intensive cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocols. Improved management of mucositis may allow implementation of cancer treatment protocols that are currently excessively mucotoxic, but have potentially higher cure rates of the malignant disease.

Local irritant effects of topical oral sprays on oral mucosa in mice

Topical oral sprays are frequently used to prevent and manage oropharyngeal inflammation and lesions. This study investigated the histopathologic changes noted in the oral mucosa of mice after topical application of 3 widely prescribed antibacterial products. The 25 animals were divided into 5 groups and treated for 10 days with 2 sprays daily, as follows: group 1-chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% + benzydamine hydrochloride 0.15%; group 2-benzydamine 0.27 mg/0.18 mL x 30 mL; group 3-chlorhexidine 0.2%; group 4-fusafungine 1%; and group 5 (cohort)-physiologic serum. On day 10 after drug administration, biopsy specimens were taken from the oropharyngeal mucosa of the tongue, the cheek mucosa, and the tongue base; these were examined under a light microscope and were classified as normal or pathologic. All topical oral sprays produced some degree of histopathologic change, such as hyperplasia, fibrosis, low-grade dysplasia, congestion, or edema. The local irritant effects of topical oral sprays should be considered when treatment is selected for patients with oropharyngeal disorder.

Awake insertion of the laryngeal mask airway using topical lidocaine and intravenous remifentanil*

We assessed the use of intravenous remifentanil for the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway in 10 healthy awake volunteers, a technique primarily developed to facilitate functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of anaesthesia. Each volunteer received 200 microg glycopyrronium intravenously. Topical airway anaesthesia was effected by 4 ml nebulised lidocaine 4%, followed by 12 sprays of lidocaine 10%. Remifentanil was subsequently infused to achieve an initial target effect-site concentration of 2 ng.ml(-1); increments of 1 ng.ml(-1) were allowed with the maximum effect-site concentration limited to 6 ng.ml(-1). Insertion of the laryngeal mask airway was successful on the first attempt in all cases. The median (IQR [range]) target effect-site remifentanil concentration at insertion was 2.5 (2-3 [2-4]) ng.ml(-1). All volunteers were co-operative during the procedure and only one reported discomfort. Sore throat was a complication in all volunteers. We conclude that the technique allows successful insertion of the laryngeal mask airway in healthy awake volunteers under conditions that were safe and reproducible.