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Uchikawa H, Rahmani R. Animal Models of Intracranial Aneurysms: History, Advances, and Future Perspectives. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01276-3. [PMID: 39060663 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are a disease process with potentially devastating outcomes, particularly when rupture occurs leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage. While some candidates exist, there is currently no established pharmacological prevention of growth and rupture. The development of prophylactic treatments is a critical area of research, and preclinical models using animals play a pivotal role. These models, which utilize various species and induction methods, each possess unique characteristics that can be leveraged depending on the specific aim of the study. A comprehensive understanding of these models, including their historical development, is crucial for appreciating the advantages and limitations of aneurysm research in animal models.We summarize the significant roles of animal models in IA research, with a particular focus on rats, mice, and large animals. We discuss the pros and cons of each model, providing insights into their unique characteristics and contributions to our understanding of IA. These models have been instrumental in elucidating the pathophysiology of IA and in the development of potential therapeutic strategies.A deep understanding of these models is essential for advancing research on preventive treatments for IA. By leveraging the unique strengths of each model and acknowledging their limitations, researchers can conduct more effective and targeted studies. This, in turn, can accelerate the development of novel therapeutic strategies, bringing us closer to the goal of establishing an effective prophylactic treatment for IA. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of the current state of animal models in IA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uchikawa
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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2
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Otu E, Şen S, Örmeci T, Yüzbaşıoğlu N. Association between vertebral artery dominance and basilar artery curvature in migraineurs: an anatomical magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroradiol J 2024; 37:314-322. [PMID: 38153033 PMCID: PMC11138339 DOI: 10.1177/19714009231224444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES Numerous studies demonstrate a link between cerebrovascular alterations and migraine pathogenesis. We investigated the association between migraine and vertebral artery dominance (VAD), basilar artery (BA) curvature, and elongation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional MRI study included 74 migraine patients and 74 control subjects aged between 18 and 55 years. Diameters of the intracranial part of the vertebral artery (VA) and BA, height of the BA bifurcation, and total lateral displacement of the BA were measured. In addition, we investigated the directional relationship between VAD and BA curvature. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding VA and BA diameters and total lateral displacement of the BA. The height of the BA bifurcation was found to be significantly higher in migraine patients compared to controls (p = 0.002). The left-side VAD was more frequent in migraine patients compared to control subjects (60.8% (45/74) vs 41.9% (31/74), p = 0.001). In migraine patients, particularly those with aura (MwA) patients, with left-side VAD, the rate of BA displacement to the right side is significantly higher than those with right-side VAD or non-VAD (p = 0.022). Also, we found that total lateral displacement of the BA is correlated with VA asymmetry in patients with MwA (r = 0.538, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION VAD and its opposite-directional relationship with the lateral displacement of the BA may be associated with migraine pathophysiology. Together with aging, this association may contribute to changes in the vertebrobasilar system (VBS) geometry which may result in increased risk for posterior circulation infarction (PCI) in migraineurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Otu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selva Şen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğrul Örmeci
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Yüzbaşıoğlu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Lee JH, Vu HD, Park MH, Huynh PT, Youn SW, Kwon DR. Microcurrent wave alleviates mouse intracranial arterial dolichoectasia development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7496. [PMID: 38553592 PMCID: PMC10980802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) is associated with the interaction of hypertension and inflammation, and microcurrent can be effective in hypertension. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of microcurrent electrical stimulation in a mouse IADE model. This study randomly categorized 20 mice into five groups: group 1-C (healthy control), group 2-D (IADE model), group 3-M + D (microcurrent administration before nephrectomy and until brain surgery), group 4-D + M (microcurrent administration for 4 weeks following brain surgery), and group 5-M (microcurrent administration for 4 weeks). Cerebral artery diameter and thickness and cerebral arterial wall extracellular matrix components were assessed. Among the five groups, group 2-D showed significantly higher cerebral arterial wall diameter (117.79 ± 17.05 µm) and proportion of collagen (42.46 ± 14.12%) and significantly lower arterial wall thickness (9.31 ± 2.26 µm) and proportion of smooth muscle cell (SMC) and elastin in the cerebral arterial wall (SMC: 38.05 ± 10.32%, elastin: 11.11 ± 6.97%). Additionally, group 4-D + M exhibited a non-significantly lower diameter (100.28 ± 25.99 µm) and higher thickness (12.82 ± 5.17 µm). Group 5-M demonstrated no evidence of toxicity in the liver and brain. The pilot study revealed that microcurrent is effective in preventing IADE development, although these beneficial effects warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Huy Duc Vu
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min Hee Park
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Youn
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Dong Rak Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
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Khan D, Li X, Hashimoto T, Tanikawa R, Niemela M, Lawton M, Muhammad S. Current Mouse Models of Intracranial Aneurysms: Analysis of Pharmacological Agents Used to Induce Aneurysms and Their Impact on Translational Research. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031811. [PMID: 38258667 PMCID: PMC11056163 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are rare vascular lesions that are more frequently found in women. The pathophysiology behind the formation and growth of IAs is complex. Hence, to date, no single pharmacological option exists to treat them. Animal models, especially mouse models, represent a valuable tool to explore such complex scientific questions. Genetic modification in a mouse model of IAs, including deletion or overexpression of a particular gene, provides an excellent means for examining basic mechanisms behind disease pathophysiology and developing novel pharmacological approaches. All existing animal models need some pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, or both to develop IAs, which is different from the spontaneous and natural development of aneurysms under the influence of the classical risk factors. The benefit of such animal models is the development of IAs in a limited time. However, clinical translation of the results is often challenging because of the artificial course of IA development and growth. Here, we summarize the continuous improvement in mouse models of IAs. Moreover, we discuss the pros and cons of existing mouse models of IAs and highlight the main translational roadblocks and how to improve them to increase the success of translational IA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilaware Khan
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Xuanchen Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery and NeurobiologyBarrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixAZUSA
| | - Rokuya Tanikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stroke CenterSapporo Teishinkai HospitalSapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Mika Niemela
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Michael Lawton
- Department of Neurological SurgeryBarrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixAZUSA
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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Liu FX, Zhang DP, Ma YM, Zhang HL, Liu XZ, Zhang ZQ, Sun RQ, Zhang YK, Miao JX, Wu ZX, Liu YL, Feng YC. Effect of Jiawei Tongqiao Huoxue decoction in basilar artery dolichoectasia mice through yes-associated protein/transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding motif pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116599. [PMID: 37149070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Jiawei Tongqiao Huoxue decoction (JTHD), composed of Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Conioselinum anthriscoides 'Chuanxiong', Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Carthamus tinctorius L., Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S.M.Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Leiurus quinquestriatus, and Moschus berezovskii Flerov, was developed based on Tongqiao Huoxue decoction in Wang Qingren's "Yilin Gaicuo" in the Qing Dynasty. It has the effect of improving not only the blood flow velocity of vertebral and basilar arteries but also the blood flow parameters and wall shear stress. Especially in recent years, the potential efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of basilar artery dolichoectasia (BAD) has attracted great attention as there are still no specific remedies for this disease. However, its molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. To identify the potential mechanisms of JTHD will help to intervene BAD and provide a reference for its clinical application. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to establish a mouse model of BAD and explore the mechanism of JTHD regulating yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) pathway for attenuating BAD mice development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty post-modeling C57/BL6 female mice were randomly divided into sham-operated, model, atorvastatin calcium tablet, low-dose JTHD, and high-dose JTHD groups. After 14 days of modeling, the pharmacological intervention was given for 2 months. Then, JTHD was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). ELISA was utilized to detect the changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and lipoprotein a (Lp-a) in serum. EVG staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes of blood vessels. TUNEL method was employed to detect the apoptosis rate of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Micro-CT and ImagePro Plus software were used to observe and calculate the tortuosity index, lengthening index, percentage increase in vessel diameter, and tortuosity of the basilar artery vessels in mice. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of YAP and TAZ proteins in the vascular tissues of mice. RESULTS Many effective compounds such as choline, tryptophan, and leucine with anti-inflammation and vascular remodeling were identified in the Chinese medicine formula by LC-MS analysis. The serum levels of VEGF in the model mice decreased significantly while the levels of Lp-a increased obviously compared with those in the sham-operated group. The intima-media of the basilar artery wall showed severe disruption of the internal elastic layer, atrophy of the muscular layer, and hyaline changes of the connective tissue. Apoptosis of VSMCs added. Dilatation, elongation, and tortuosity of the basilar artery became notable, and tortuosity index, lengthening index, percentage increase in vessel diameter, and bending angle remarkably improved. The expression levels of YAP and TAZ protein in blood vessels elevated conspicuously (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). JTHD group markedly reduced the lengthening, bending angle, percentage increase in vessel diameter, and tortuosity index of basilar artery compared with the model group after 2 months of pharmacological intervention. The group also decreased the secretion of Lp-a and increased the content of VEGF. It inhibited the destruction of the internal elastic layer, muscular atrophy, and hyaline degeneration of connective tissue in basilar artery wall. The apoptosis of VSMCs was decreased, and the expression levels of YAP and TAZ proteins were abated (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of inhibition of basilar artery elongation, dilation, and tortuosity by JTHD, which has various anti-BAD effective compound components, may be related to the reduction in VSMCs apoptosis and downregulation of YAP/TAZ pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Vertigo Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhengzhou, China; Institute of Vertigo Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dao Pei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Vertigo Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhengzhou, China; Institute of Vertigo Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yan Min Ma
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huai Liang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Vertigo Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhengzhou, China; Institute of Vertigo Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhe Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Qiang Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Qin Sun
- Research and Experiment Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Ke Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jin Xin Miao
- Research and Experiment Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Xin Wu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Hensel O, Burow P, Kraya T, Stoevesandt D, Naegel S. Vertebrobasilar artery elongation in migraine-a retrospective cross-sectional study. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:441-450. [PMID: 35906498 PMCID: PMC10133057 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous but inconclusive findings have sparked an ongoing debate about whether the arteries of migraine patients undergo vascular alterations. The outlet angle of the superior cerebellar artery (SUCA) and the lateral displacement of basilar arteries are good surrogate parameters for determining elongation of the vertebrobasilar arteries. METHODS We retrospectively determined the SUCA outlet angle and the lateral displacement of the basilar artery in 63 patients with migraine (30.6 ± 8.9 years, 84% women, 16% chronic migraine, 60% migraine with aura) and compared these with 126 age- and sex-matched control subjects. RESULTS In patients with migraine, the SUCA outlet angle was lower (159 ± 26° vs. 169 ± 29°, p = 0.020) and the lateral displacement of the basilar artery was greater (3.7 ± 2.7 mm vs. 2.8 ± 2.4 mm, p = 0.020) than in the control subjects. Age, gender, migraine characteristics and presence of any cardiovascular risk factors did not affect the SUCA outlet angle or lateral displacement of the basilar artery. CONCLUSION Migraine patients exhibited a lower SUCA outlet angle and greater lateral displacement of the basilar arteries. Both may be attributable to the elongation of the vertebrobasilar arteries, which is an indication of arterial wall pathology in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Hensel
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Philipp Burow
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Torsten Kraya
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Neurology, St. Georg Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietrich Stoevesandt
- Department of Radiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Steffen Naegel
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Liu FX, Niu YG, Zhang DP, Zhang HL, Zhang ZQ, Sun RQ, Zhang YK. Modified Protocol for Establishment of Intracranial Arterial Dolichoectasia Model by Injection of Elastase Into Cerebellomedullary Cistern in Mice. Front Neurol 2022; 13:860541. [PMID: 35518204 PMCID: PMC9062172 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.860541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose This study aimed to construct an animal model of intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) applying the modified modeling protocol. Materials and Methods Twenty five milliunits elastase and inactivated elastase were, respectively, injected into the cerebellomedullary cistern of 60 C57/BL6 mice which were divided into experimental group (EG, n = 30) and control group (CG, n = 30) by using a computer-based random order generator. The modified modeling protocol clarified these aspects including brain three-dimensional parameters of mouse head fixation, angle of head inclination, fixed position of taper ear, needle holding technique, needle entry depth, prevention of liquid drug back flow, and storage conditions of elastase. And it was observed for the following parts such as mortality, inflammatory factors, craniocerebral arteries scanning, vascular tortuosity index, artery diameter, pathology of the cerebrovascular. Results Within differently surveyed stage, the total mortality of mice in EG was 20%. ELISA illustrated that the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in peripheral blood were increased significantly after modeling. Angiography indicated that 100% of IADE in EG were observed and the diameter and tortuosity index of the basilar artery were significantly increased (P < 0.01). EVG histological processing and staining showed the disrupted internal elastic lamina, the atrophied muscle layer, and the hyalinized connective tissue of the basilar artery with the vascular wall tunica media in EG. Micro-computed tomography reported that the craniocerebral arteries of the mice in EG were outstandingly elongated, tortuous, and dilated. Conclusion The modified modeling protocol can reduce the mortality, improve the success rate, and provide a stable animal model for IADE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Vertigo Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Vertigo Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Ge Niu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dao Pei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Vertigo Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Vertigo Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huai Liang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Vertigo Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Vertigo Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Qiang Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Qin Sun
- Research and Experiment Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Ke Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang J, Wei J, Wang Y, Xu J, Jin J. Identification and Validation of TREM2 in Intracranial Aneurysms. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:646-653. [PMID: 34672769 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a cerebrovascular disease that seriously endangers human heath and life. However, the pathogenesis of IA has not been clarified. Objective: In this study, we explored the role of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) gene to explore a novel mechanism underlying IA. Methods: First, we verified the role of the candidate gene, TREM2 in a modified mouse model of IA. Second, we verified elevated expression of TREM2 using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE54083 and GSE75436) and developed protein interaction (PPI) network analysis using the top one hundred DEGs from GSE75436 dataset. Finally, we predicted a likely mechanism by which TREM2 is involved in the pathology of IA using single-gene Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results: The expression of TREM2 and inflammatory factors was significantly increased in the modified mouse IA model, and showed a positive correlation. Elevated expression of TREM2 was also found in IA patients tissues from the GSE54083 and GSE75436 data sets. PPI network analyses suggested that the DEGs were involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. The GSEA results suggest that TREM2 may participate in IA progression by regulating macrophage function. Conclusion: TREM2 is highly expressed in both human and mouse IA tissues, and may participate in IA progression by regulating macrophage function and inflammatory factor expression. The molecular mechanism of TREM2 involvement in the IA process can be further studied using our modified mouse IA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Jin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Vu HD, Huynh PT, Ryu J, Kang UR, Youn SW, Kim H, Ahn HJ, Park K, Hwang SK, Chang YC, Lee YJ, Lee HJ, Lee J. Melittin-loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prevent Intracranial Arterial Dolichoectasia Development through Inhibition of Macrophage-mediated Inflammation. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3818-3836. [PMID: 34671201 PMCID: PMC8495379 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: In intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) development, the feedback loop between inflammatory cytokines and macrophages involves TNF-α and NF-κB signaling pathways and leads to subsequent MMP-9 activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration. In this proof-of-concept study, melittin-loaded L-arginine-coated iron oxide nanoparticle (MeLioN) was proposed as the protective measure of IADE formation for this macrophage-mediated inflammation and ECM degeneration. Methods: IADE was created in 8-week-old C57BL/6J male mice by inducing hypertension and elastase injection into a basal cistern. Melittin was loaded on the surface of ION as a core-shell structure (hydrodynamic size, 202.4 nm; polydispersity index, 0.158). Treatment of MeLioN (2.5 mg/kg, five doses) started after the IADE induction, and the brain was harvested in the third week. In the healthy control, disease control, and MeLioN-treated group, the morphologic changes of the cerebral arterial wall were measured by diameter, thickness, and ECM composition. The expression level of MMP-9, CD68, MCP-1, TNF-α, and NF-κB was assessed from immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assay. Results: MeLioN prevented morphologic changes of cerebral arterial wall related to IADE formation by restoring ECM alterations and suppressing MMP-9 expression. MeLioN inhibited MCP-1 expression and reduced CD68-positive macrophage recruitments into cerebral arterial walls. MeLioN blocked TNF-α activation and NF-κB signaling pathway. In the Sylvian cistern, co-localization was found between the CD68-positive macrophage infiltrations and the MeLioN distributions detected on Prussian Blue and T2* gradient-echo MRI, suggesting the role of macrophage harboring MeLioN. Conclusions: The macrophage infiltration into the arterial wall plays a critical role in the MMP-9 secretion. MeLioN, designed for ION-mediated melittin delivery, effectively prevents IADE formation by suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammations and MMP activity. MeLioN can be a promising strategy preventing IADE development in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Duc Vu
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Junghwa Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ung Rae Kang
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Won Youn
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwankyu Park
- Department of Pathology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Jig Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hui Joong Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Yan L, Du W, Wang S, Zheng X, Zhang M, Zhang J, Qi J, Sun H, Zhang L, Li G, Zhu D. Long Noncoding RNA Rps4l Mediates the Proliferation of Hypoxic Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells. Hypertension 2020; 76:1124-1133. [PMID: 32772647 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare and fatal disorder involving the vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries mediated by the enhanced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Long noncoding RNAs are a subclass of regulatory molecules with diverse cellular functions, but their role in PH remains largely unexplored. We aimed to identify and determine the functions of long noncoding RNAs involved in hypoxia-induced PH and PASMC proliferation. RNA sequencing in a hypoxic mouse model identified hypoxia-regulated long noncoding RNAs, including Rps4l. Rps4l expression was significantly reduced in PH-model mice and hypoxic PASMCs. The subcellular localization of Rps4l was detected by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantification of nuclear/cytoplasmic RNA. Rps4l overexpression rescued pulmonary arterial hypertension features, as demonstrated by right ventricle hypertrophy, right ventricular systolic pressure, hemodynamics, cardiac function, and vascular remodeling. At the cellular level, Rps4l overexpression weakened cell viability and proliferation and suppressed cell cycle progression. Potential Rps4l-binding proteins were identified via RNA pull-down followed by mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, and microscale thermophoresis. These results indicated that Rps4l is associated with and affects the stabilization of ILF3 (interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3). Rps41 further regulates the levels of HIF-1α and consequently leads to hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and migration. Our results showed that in hypoxic PASMCs, Rps4l expression decreases due to regulation by hypoxia. This decrease affects the proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression of PASMCs through ILF3/HIF-1α. These results provide a theoretical basis for further investigations into the pathological mechanism of hypoxic PH and may provide insight for the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- From the Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, P.R. China (Y. Liu, H.Z., Y. Li, L. Yan, M.Z., J.Z., J.Q., H.S., D.Z.)
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- From the Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, P.R. China (Y. Liu, H.Z., Y. Li, L. Yan, M.Z., J.Z., J.Q., H.S., D.Z.)
| | - Yiying Li
- From the Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, P.R. China (Y. Liu, H.Z., Y. Li, L. Yan, M.Z., J.Z., J.Q., H.S., D.Z.)
| | - Lixin Yan
- From the Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, P.R. China (Y. Liu, H.Z., Y. Li, L. Yan, M.Z., J.Z., J.Q., H.S., D.Z.)
| | - Wei Du
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Heilongjiang Province, China (W.D., S.W., D.Z.)
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Heilongjiang Province, China (W.D., S.W., D.Z.)
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China (X.Z.)
| | - Min Zhang
- From the Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, P.R. China (Y. Liu, H.Z., Y. Li, L. Yan, M.Z., J.Z., J.Q., H.S., D.Z.)
| | - Junting Zhang
- From the Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, P.R. China (Y. Liu, H.Z., Y. Li, L. Yan, M.Z., J.Z., J.Q., H.S., D.Z.)
| | - Jing Qi
- From the Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, P.R. China (Y. Liu, H.Z., Y. Li, L. Yan, M.Z., J.Z., J.Q., H.S., D.Z.)
| | - Hanliang Sun
- From the Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, P.R. China (Y. Liu, H.Z., Y. Li, L. Yan, M.Z., J.Z., J.Q., H.S., D.Z.)
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), P.R. China (L.Z.)
| | - Guangqun Li
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China (G.L.)
| | - Daling Zhu
- From the Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, P.R. China (Y. Liu, H.Z., Y. Li, L. Yan, M.Z., J.Z., J.Q., H.S., D.Z.)
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Heilongjiang Province, China (W.D., S.W., D.Z.)
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11
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Li B, Zhou B, Zhang MZ, Qin RQ, He Y. Extensive intracranial arterial dolichoectasia involving distal branches of intracranial arteries: two cases report and review of the literature. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:1133-1138. [PMID: 32449866 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1774577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of noninvasive angiography techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) and Computer Tomography Angiography (CTA), more and more patients with intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) have been found, and clinical studies on this kind of vascular abnormity have become hot subjects in neurology. We presented two young patients with IADE extensively involving the branches of intracranial arteries, which were different from patients described in other articles. A young male patient was diagnosed with IADE after examination on admission, and further detailed examination revealed that the patient had osteropathia striata. Another young woman had an arterial malformation that mainly affected the distal branch of the intracranial artery. These two cases give us another perspective to look into IADE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhao Zhang
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong-Qing Qin
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang He
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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12
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Kim BJ, Lee SH, Kwun BD, Kang HG, Hong KS, Kang DW, Kim JS, Kwon SU. Intracranial Aneurysm Is Associated with High Intracranial Artery Tortuosity. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:e876-e880. [PMID: 29425982 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are focal bulges of arterial walls, an uncharacterized predisposing factor that affects cerebral arteries may increase tortuosity of intracranial arteries in patients with IAs. METHODS Subjects who underwent routine health examinations and magnetic resonance angiography at a university hospital health promotion center were enrolled. Age- and sex-matched control subjects were selected from among individuals who did not have IAs. Tortuosity of right and left middle cerebral arteries and basilar artery (BA) was measured. Distant factor [(arc/chord ratio × 100) - 100] was used to estimate tortuosity. Vascular risk factors and intracranial arterial tortuosities were compared between subjects with IAs and control subjects. Independent factors associated with intracranial artery tortuosity were also investigated. RESULTS Of 18,954 (1.9%) subjects, 367 exhibited IAs. The prevalence of hypertension (P = 0.01) and current smoking (P = 0.01) were higher in subjects with IAs than in control subjects. The BA tortuosity was greater in subjects with IAs compared with control subjects (9.0 ± 8.1 vs. 5.5 ± 7.2; P < 0.001). In addition to hypertension, smoking, and absence of coronary artery disease, BA tortuosity (P < 0.001) was independently associated with presence of IAs. The presence of IA (P < 0.001) and absence of coronary artery disease (P = 0.002) were independently associated with high BA tortuosity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IAs exhibit a more tortuous BA. A predisposing factor weakening the cerebrovasculature in patients with IAs may exist and may manifest as high tortuosity of intracranial arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Duk Kwun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Wha Kang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong S Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun U Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Zhu YQ, Xing H, Dai D, Kallmes DF, Kadirvel R. Differential Interstrain Susceptibility to Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia in a Mouse Model. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 38:611-616. [PMID: 27979795 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vetebrobasilar dolichoectasia is characterized by arterial elongation, dilation, and tortuosity and leads to high risks of ischemic stroke. Our aim was to investigate the differential susceptibility to elastase-induced vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia induction in 2 different mouse strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Elastase (25 mU) was injected into the cisterna magna in C57BL/6J (n = 36) and 129/SvEv (SV129) (n = 36) mice. Control animals were injected with heat-inactivated elastase (n = 12 for each strain). At 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after elastase injection, MICROFIL polymer perfusion was performed. The arterial tortuosity index and the percentage increase in diameter were calculated for the basilar artery. Arterial samples were processed for conventional histologic examination, immunostaining, and matrix metalloproteinase expression. A ≥50% increase in diameter and a tortuosity index of ≥10 for the basilar artery were used to indicate success in achieving vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. RESULTS Successful vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia induction was noted in 67% (18 of 27) of the C57BL/6J strain versus 0% (0 of 19) of the SV129 strain (P < .001). Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia was not observed in sham-operated controls. Both the tortuosity index and diameter increase for the basilar artery were greater in the C57BL/6J strain compared with the SV129 strain (56.3% ± 16.4% versus 21.1% ± 21.6% for diameter, P < .001; 17.4 ± 7.6 versus 10.4 ± 3.8 for tortuosity index, P < .001). Expression of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 and pro- and active matrix metalloproteinase-9 was increased in elastase-injected C57BL/6J animals compared with elastase-injected SV129 animals (P = .029, 0.029, and 0.029, respectively). Inflammation scores were significantly higher in C57BL/6J animals versus SV129 animals (P < .001). C57BL/6J subjects demonstrated arterial wall dilation and elongation characterized by internal elastic lamina disruption, muscular layer discontinuity, inflammatory cell infiltration, and high matrix metalloproteinase expression in the media. CONCLUSIONS C57BL/6J mice demonstrated greater susceptibility to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia induction than SV129 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Q Zhu
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - H Xing
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Pathology (H.X.), Shanghai East Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Dai
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - D F Kallmes
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - R Kadirvel
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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14
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Xie C, Wei W, Schenk A, Schwen LO, Zafarnia S, Schwier M, Gremse F, Jank I, Dirsch O, Dahmen U. Visualization of Vascular and Parenchymal Regeneration after 70% Partial Hepatectomy in Normal Mice. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27685096 DOI: 10.3791/53935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the silicone compound, via a 26 G catheter, into the portal or hepatic vein. After silicone injection, organs were explanted and prepared for ex-vivo micro-CT (µCT) scanning. The silicone injection procedure is technically challenging. Achieving a successful outcome requires extensive microsurgical experience from the surgeon. One of the challenges of this procedure involves determining the adequate perfusion rate for the silicone compound. The perfusion rate for the silicone compound needs to be defined based on the hemodynamic of the vascular system of interest. Inappropriate perfusion rate can lead to an incomplete perfusion, artificial dilation and rupturing of vascular trees. The 3D reconstruction of the vascular system was based on CT scans and was achieved using preclinical software such as HepaVision. The quality of the reconstructed vascular tree was directly related to the quality of silicone perfusion. Subsequently computed vascular parameters indicative of vascular growth, such as total vascular volume, were calculated based on the vascular reconstructions. Contrasting the vascular tree with silicone allowed for subsequent histological work-up of the specimen after µCT scanning. The specimen can be subjected to serial sectioning, histological analysis and whole slide scanning, and thereafter to 3D reconstruction of the vascular trees based on histological images. This is the prerequisite for the detection of molecular events and their distribution with respect to the vascular tree. This modified silicone injection procedure can also be used to visualize and reconstruct the vascular systems of other organs. This technique has the potential to be extensively applied to studies concerning vascular anatomy and growth in various animal and disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chichi Xie
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital
| | - Weiwei Wei
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital
| | - Andrea Schenk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Medical Image Computing MEVIS
| | | | - Sara Zafarnia
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University
| | - Isabel Jank
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital;
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15
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Mitochondrial regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production—Unexpected observations in early postnatal cerebral vasculature. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 74:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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