1
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Herath M, Speer AL. Bioengineering of Intestinal Grafts. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2024; 53:461-472. [PMID: 39068007 PMCID: PMC11284275 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal failure manifests as an impaired capacity of the intestine to sufficiently absorb vital nutrients and electrolytes essential for growth and well-being in pediatric and adult populations. Although parenteral nutrition remains the mainstay therapeutic approach, the pursuit of a definitive and curative strategy, such as regenerative medicine, is imperative. Substantial advancements in the field of engineered intestinal tissues present a promising avenue for addressing intestinal failure; nevertheless, extensive research is still necessary for effective translation from experimental benchwork to clinical bedside applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushani Herath
- Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 5.254, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allison L Speer
- Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 5.254, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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2
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Mainali BB, Yoo JJ, Ladd MR. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches in colorectal surgery. Ann Coloproctol 2024; 40:336-349. [PMID: 39228197 PMCID: PMC11375227 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2024.00437.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is an emerging field that has provided new therapeutic opportunities by delivering innovative solutions. The development of nontraditional therapies for previously unsolvable diseases and conditions has brought hope and excitement to countless individuals globally. Many regenerative medicine therapies have been developed and delivered to patients clinically. The technology platforms developed in regenerative medicine have been expanded to various medical areas; however, their applications in colorectal surgery remain limited. Applying TERM technologies to engineer biological tissue and organ substitutes may address the current therapeutic challenges and overcome some complications in colorectal surgery, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, short bowel syndrome, and diseases of motility and neuromuscular function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TERM applications in colorectal surgery, highlighting the current state of the art, including preclinical and clinical studies, current challenges, and future perspectives. This article synthesizes the latest findings, providing a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers aiming to integrate TERM into colorectal surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigyan B Mainali
- Department of General Surgery, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell R Ladd
- Department of General Surgery, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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3
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Park S, Cho SW. Bioengineering toolkits for potentiating organoid therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115238. [PMID: 38447933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional, multicellular constructs that recapitulate the structural and functional features of specific organs. Because of these characteristics, organoids have been widely applied in biomedical research in recent decades. Remarkable advancements in organoid technology have positioned them as promising candidates for regenerative medicine. However, current organoids still have limitations, such as the absence of internal vasculature, limited functionality, and a small size that is not commensurate with that of actual organs. These limitations hinder their survival and regenerative effects after transplantation. Another significant concern is the reliance on mouse tumor-derived matrix in organoid culture, which is unsuitable for clinical translation due to its tumor origin and safety issues. Therefore, our aim is to describe engineering strategies and alternative biocompatible materials that can facilitate the practical applications of organoids in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we highlight meaningful progress in organoid transplantation, with a particular emphasis on the functional restoration of various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Jin H, Xue Z, Liu J, Ma B, Yang J, Lei L. Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0016. [PMID: 38628309 PMCID: PMC11018530 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage and functional abnormalities in organs have become a considerable clinical challenge. Organoids are often applied as disease models and in drug discovery and screening. Indeed, several studies have shown that organoids are an important strategy for achieving tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction. In contrast to established stem cell therapies, organoids have high clinical relevance. However, conventional approaches have limited the application of organoids in clinical regenerative medicine. Engineered organoids might have the capacity to overcome these challenges. Bioengineering-a multidisciplinary field that applies engineering principles to biomedicine-has bridged the gap between engineering and medicine to promote human health. More specifically, bioengineering principles have been applied to organoids to accelerate their clinical translation. In this review, beginning with the basic concepts of organoids, we describe strategies for cultivating engineered organoids and discuss the multiple engineering modes to create conditions for breakthroughs in organoid research. Subsequently, studies on the application of engineered organoids in biofunction reconstruction and tissue repair are presented. Finally, we highlight the limitations and challenges hindering the utilization of engineered organoids in clinical applications. Future research will focus on cultivating engineered organoids using advanced bioengineering tools for personalized tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Zengqi Xue
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Jinnv Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Binbin Ma
- Department of Biology,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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5
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Mulero-Russe A, García AJ. Engineered Synthetic Matrices for Human Intestinal Organoid Culture and Therapeutic Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307678. [PMID: 37987171 PMCID: PMC10922691 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cell biopsies represent a powerful platform to study human development, drug testing, and disease modeling in vitro, and serve as a cell source for tissue regeneration and therapeutic advances in vivo. Synthetic hydrogels can be engineered to serve as analogs of the extracellular matrix to support HIO growth and differentiation. These hydrogels allow for tuning the mechanical and biochemical properties of the matrix, offering an advantage over biologically derived hydrogels such as Matrigel. Human intestinal organoids have been used for repopulating transplantable intestinal grafts and for in vivo delivery to an injured intestinal site. The use of synthetic hydrogels for in vitro culture and for in vivo delivery is expected to significantly increase the relevance of human intestinal organoids for drug screening, disease modeling, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mulero-Russe
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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6
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Liu W, Wang Q, Bai Y, Xiao H, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang Q, Yang J, Sun H. Potential Application of Intestinal Organoids in Intestinal Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:124-137. [PMID: 37938407 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
To accurately reveal the scenario and mecahnism of gastrointestinal diseases, the establishment of in vitro models of intestinal diseases and drug screening platforms have become the focus of attention. Over the past few decades, animal models and immortalized cell lines have provided valuable but limited insights into gastrointestinal research. In recent years, the development of intestinal organoid culture system has revolutionized in vitro studies of intestinal diseases. Intestinal organoids are derived from self-renewal and self-organization intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which can replicate the genetic characteristics, functions, and structures of the original tissues. Consequently, they provide new stragety for studying various intestinal diseases in vitro. In the review, we will discuss the culture techniques of intestinal organoids and describe the use of intestinal organoids as research tools for intestinal diseases. The role of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) played in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and the treatment of intestinal epithelial dysfunction will be highlighted. Besides, we review the current knowledge on using intestinal organoids as models to study the pathogenesis of IBD caused by epithelial dysfunction and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we shed light on the current challenges of using intestinal organoids as in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Liu
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhunduo Li
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
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7
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Roberto de Barros N, Wang C, Maity S, Peirsman A, Nasiri R, Herland A, Ermis M, Kawakita S, Gregatti Carvalho B, Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi N, Donizetti Herculano R, Tirpáková Z, Mohammad Hossein Dabiri S, Lucas Tanaka J, Falcone N, Choroomi A, Chen R, Huang S, Zisblatt E, Huang Y, Rashad A, Khorsandi D, Gangrade A, Voskanian L, Zhu Y, Li B, Akbari M, Lee J, Remzi Dokmeci M, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A. Engineered organoids for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115142. [PMID: 37967768 PMCID: PMC10842104 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
As miniaturized and simplified stem cell-derived 3D organ-like structures, organoids are rapidly emerging as powerful tools for biomedical applications. With their potential for personalized therapeutic interventions and high-throughput drug screening, organoids have gained significant attention recently. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in engineering organoids and using materials engineering, biochemical modifications, and advanced manufacturing technologies to improve organoid culture and replicate vital anatomical structures and functions of human tissues. We then explore the diverse biomedical applications of organoids, including drug development and disease modeling, and highlight the tools and analytical techniques used to investigate organoids and their microenvironments. We also examine the latest clinical trials and patents related to organoids that show promise for future clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of using organoids to advance biomedical research and potentially transform personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Canran Wang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Arne Peirsman
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Bruna Gregatti Carvalho
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Negar Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Avenue, 1591634311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bioengineering and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Zuzana Tirpáková
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Hossein Dabiri
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jean Lucas Tanaka
- Butantan Institute, Viral Biotechnology Laboratory, São Paulo, SP Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Auveen Choroomi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - RunRun Chen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Elisheva Zisblatt
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ahmad Rashad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ankit Gangrade
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Leon Voskanian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Bingbing Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA.
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Hu Y, Hu X, Luo J, Huang J, Sun Y, Li H, Qiao Y, Wu H, Li J, Zhou L, Zheng S. Liver organoid culture methods. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:197. [PMID: 37915043 PMCID: PMC10619312 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids, three-dimensional structures cultured in vitro, can recapitulate the microenvironment, complex architecture, and cellular functions of in vivo organs or tissues. In recent decades, liver organoids have been developed rapidly, and their applications in biomedicine, such as drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine, have been widely recognized. However, the lack of repeatability and consistency, including the lack of standardized culture conditions, has been a major obstacle to the development and clinical application of liver organoids. It is time-consuming for researchers to identify an appropriate medium component scheme, and the usage of some ingredients remains controversial. In this review, we summarized and compared different methods for liver organoid cultivation that have been published in recent years, focusing on controversial medium components and discussing their advantages and drawbacks. We aimed to provide an effective reference for the development and standardization of liver organoid cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaohan Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yinbiao Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- The Organ Repair and Regeneration Medicine Institute of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Chan WS, Mo X, Ip PPC, Tse KY. Patient-derived organoid culture in epithelial ovarian cancers-Techniques, applications, and future perspectives. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19714-19731. [PMID: 37776168 PMCID: PMC10587945 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease composed of different cell types with different molecular aberrations. Traditional cell lines and mice models cannot recapitulate the human tumor biology and tumor microenvironment (TME). Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are freshly derived from patients' tissues and are then cultured with extracellular matrix and conditioned medium. The high concordance of epigenetic, genomic, and proteomic landscapes between the parental tumors and PDOs suggests that PDOs can provide more reliable results in studying cancer biology, allowing high throughput drug screening, and identifying their associated signaling pathways and resistance mechanisms. However, despite having a heterogeneity of cells in PDOs, some cells in TME will be lost during the culture process. Next-generation organoids have been developed to circumvent some of the limitations. Genetically engineered organoids involving targeted gene editing can facilitate the understanding of tumorigenesis and drug response. Co-culture systems where PDOs are cultured with different cell components like immune cells can allow research using immunotherapy which is otherwise impossible in conventional cell lines. In this review, the limitations of the traditional in vitro and in vivo assays, the use of PDOs, the challenges including some tips and tricks of PDO generation in EOC, and the future perspectives, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Sun Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR
| | - Xuetang Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR
| | | | - Ka Yu Tse
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR
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10
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Liu H, Wang X. Esophageal organoids: applications and future prospects. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:931-945. [PMID: 37380866 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have been developed in the last decade as a new research tool to simulate organ cell biology and disease. Compared to traditional 2D cell lines and animal models, experimental data based on esophageal organoids are more reliable. In recent years, esophageal organoids derived from multiple cell sources have been established, and relatively mature culture protocols have been developed. Esophageal inflammation and cancer are two directions of esophageal organoid modeling, and organoid models of esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and eosinophilic esophagitis have been established. The properties of esophageal organoids, which mimic the real esophagus, contribute to research in drug screening and regenerative medicine. The combination of organoids with other technologies, such as organ chips and xenografts, can complement the deficiencies of organoids and create entirely new research models that are more advantageous for cancer research. In this review, we will summarize the development of tumor and non-tumor esophageal organoids, the current application of esophageal organoids in disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and drug screening. We will also discuss the future prospects of esophageal organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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11
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Deguchi K, Zambaiti E, De Coppi P. Regenerative medicine: current research and perspective in pediatric surgery. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:167. [PMID: 37014468 PMCID: PMC10073065 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine, encompassing several disciplines including stem cell biology and tissue engineering, continues to advance with the accumulating research on cell manipulation technologies, gene therapy and new materials. Recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies may transcend the boundaries of regenerative medicine from laboratory research towards clinical reality. However, for the ultimate goal to construct bioengineered transplantable organs, a number of issues still need to be addressed. In particular, engineering of elaborate tissues and organs requires a fine combination of different relevant aspects; not only the repopulation of multiple cell phenotypes in an appropriate distribution but also the adjustment of the host environmental factors such as vascularisation, innervation and immunomodulation. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the recent discoveries and development in stem cells and tissue engineering, which are inseparably interconnected. The current status of research on tissue stem cells and bioengineering, and the possibilities for application in specific organs relevant to paediatric surgery have been specifically focused and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Deguchi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elisa Zambaiti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- UOC Chirurgia Pediatrica, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- NIHR BRC SNAPS Great Ormond Street Hospitals, London, UK.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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12
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Mesfin FM, Manohar K, Hunter CE, Shelley WC, Brokaw JP, Liu J, Ma M, Markel TA. Stem cell derived therapies to preserve and repair the developing intestine. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151727. [PMID: 36964032 PMCID: PMC10133028 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell research and the use of stem cells in therapy have seen tremendous growth in the last two decades. Neonatal intestinal disorders such as necrotizing enterocolitis, Hirschsprung disease, and gastroschisis have high morbidity and mortality and limited treatment options with varying success rates. Stem cells have been used in several pre-clinical studies to address various neonatal disorders with promising results. Stem cell and patient population selection, timing of therapy, as well as safety and quality control are some of the challenges that must be addressed prior to the widespread clinical application of stem cells. Further research and technological advances such as the use of cell delivery technology can address these challenges and allow for continued progress towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikir M Mesfin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chelsea E Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - W Christopher Shelley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - John P Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Troy A Markel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN.
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13
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Szlachcic WJ, Letai KC, Scavuzzo MA, Borowiak M. Deep into the niche: Deciphering local endoderm-microenvironment interactions in development, homeostasis, and disease of pancreas and intestine. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200186. [PMID: 36871153 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling molecular and functional heterogeneity of niche cells within the developing endoderm could resolve mechanisms of tissue formation and maturation. Here, we discuss current unknowns in molecular mechanisms underlying key developmental events in pancreatic islet and intestinal epithelial formation. Recent breakthroughs in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, paralleled with functional studies in vitro, reveal that specialized mesenchymal subtypes drive the formation and maturation of pancreatic endocrine cells and islets via local interactions with epithelium, neurons, and microvessels. Analogous to this, distinct intestinal niche cells regulate both epithelial development and homeostasis throughout life. We propose how this knowledge can be used to progress research in the human context using pluripotent stem cell-derived multilineage organoids. Overall, understanding the interactions between the multitude of microenvironmental cells and how they drive tissue development and function could help us make more therapeutically relevant in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Szlachcic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katherine C Letai
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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14
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Meran L, Tullie L, Eaton S, De Coppi P, Li VSW. Bioengineering human intestinal mucosal grafts using patient-derived organoids, fibroblasts and scaffolds. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:108-135. [PMID: 36261633 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines stem cells and matrices to form functional constructs that can be used to repair damaged tissues or regenerate whole organs. Tissue stem cells can be expanded and functionally differentiated to form 'mini-organs' resembling native tissue architecture and function. The choice of the scaffold is also pivotal to successful tissue reconstruction. Scaffolds may be broadly classified into synthetic or biological depending upon the purpose of the engineered organ. Bioengineered intestinal grafts represent a potential source of transplantable tissue for patients with intestinal failure, a condition resulting from extensive anatomical and functional loss of small intestine and therefore digestive and absorptive capacity. Prior strategies in intestinal bioengineering have predominantly used either murine or pluripotent cells and synthetic or decellularized rodent scaffolds, thus limiting their translation. Microscale models of human intestinal epithelium on shaped hydrogels and synthetic scaffolds are more physiological, but their regenerative potential is limited by scale. Here we present a protocol for bioengineering human intestinal grafts using patient-derived materials in a bioreactor culture system. This includes the isolation, expansion and biobanking of patient-derived intestinal organoids and fibroblasts, the generation of decellularized human intestinal scaffolds from native human tissue and providing a system for recellularization to form transplantable grafts. The duration of this protocol is 12 weeks, and it can be completed by scientists with prior experience of organoid culture. The resulting engineered mucosal grafts comprise physiological intestinal epithelium, matrix and surrounding niche, offering a valuable tool for both regenerative medicine and the study of human gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laween Meran
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucinda Tullie
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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15
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Protective Effect of Irsogladine against Aspirin-Induced Mucosal Injury in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Small Intestine. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 59:medicina59010092. [PMID: 36676718 PMCID: PMC9863323 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is widely used for preventing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract injury is one of the major complications of aspirin use, potentially leading to severe GI bleeding. However, no drugs for preventing aspirin-induced small intestinal injury have been developed. The aim of this study was to establish a human experimental model for investigating aspirin-induced small intestinal mucosal injury. In addition, we evaluated the protective effect of Irsogladine against aspirin-induced small intestinal mucosal injury using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived 2D monolayer crypt-villus structural small intestine (2D-hiPSC-SI). Materials and Methods: Human iPS cell-derived intestinal organoids were seeded and cultured in Air-liquid interface. The permeability of 2D-hiPSC-SI was evaluated using Lucifer yellow. Changes in structure and mucosal permeability of 2D-hiPSC-SI after addition of aspirin were confirmed over time, and changes in intestinal epithelium-related markers were evaluated by real-time qPCR and Immunofluorescence staining. The effect of Irsogladine on prevention of aspirin mucosal injury was examined by adding Irsogladine to the culture medium. Results: Cultured 2D-hiPSC-SI showed multi-lineage differentiation into small intestinal epithelium comprised of absorptive cells, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells, which express CD10, MUC2, chromogranin A, and lysozyme, respectively. RNA in situ hybridization revealed intestinal stem cells that express Lgr5. ASA administration induced an increase in the mucosal permeability of 2D-hiPSC-SI. ASA-injured 2D-hiPSC-SI showed decreased mRNA expression of multi-lineage small intestinal cell markers as well as intestinal stem cell marker Lgr5. Administration of Irsogladine on the basal side of the 2D-hiPSC-SI resulted in significant increases in Mki67 and Muc2 mRNA expression by 2D-hiPSCs at 48 h compared with the control group. Administration of 400 µg/mL Irsogladine to the ASA-induced small intestinal injury model resulting in significantly decreased mucosal permeability of 2D-hiPSC-SI. In immunofluorescence staining, Irsogladine significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of MUC2 under normal conditions and administration of 400 µg/mL ASA. Conclusions: we established a novel ASA-induced small intestinal injury model using human iPSC-derived small intestine. Irsogladine maintains mucosal permeability and goblet cell differentiation against ASA-induced small intestinal injury.
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16
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Elia E, Brownell D, Chabaud S, Bolduc S. Tissue Engineering for Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tracts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010009. [PMID: 36613452 PMCID: PMC9820091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts share several similarities. Primarily, these tissues are composed of hollow structures lined by an epithelium through which materials need to flow with the help of peristalsis brought by muscle contraction. In the case of the gastrointestinal tract, solid or liquid food must circulate to be digested and absorbed and the waste products eliminated. In the case of the urinary tract, the urine produced by the kidneys must flow to the bladder, where it is stored until its elimination from the body. Finally, in the case of the vagina, it must allow the evacuation of blood during menstruation, accommodate the male sexual organ during coitus, and is the natural way to birth a child. The present review describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of such organs, emphasizing tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Elia
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Brownell
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 42282)
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17
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McNeill EP, Gupta VS, Sequeira DJ, Shroyer NF, Speer AL. Evaluation of Murine Host Sex as a Biological Variable in Transplanted Human Intestinal Organoid Development. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5511-5521. [PMID: 35334015 PMCID: PMC10251489 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human intestinal organoids (HIOs), when transplanted into immunocompromised mice (tHIOs), demonstrate significant growth and maturation. While both male and female mice are reported to be viable hosts for these experiments, a direct comparison of sex-related differences in tHIO structure and development has not been performed. AIMS We sought to identify host sex-related differences in tHIO engraftment, morphology, and epithelial and mesenchymal development. METHODS HIOs were generated in vitro and transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of NSG male and female mice. tHIOs were harvested at 8-9 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were captured. tHIOs were divided in half and histology or RT-qPCR performed. Morphology was evaluated and epithelial architecture graded on a scale of 1 (absence of crypts/villi) to 4 (elongated crypt-villus axis). RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence microscopy were performed for epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation markers. RESULTS Host survival and tHIO engraftment were equivalent in male and female hosts. tHIO weight and length were also equivalent between groups. The number of lumens per tHIOs from male and female hosts was similar, but the mean lumen circumference was larger for tHIOs from male hosts. tHIOs from male hosts were more likely to demonstrate higher grades of epithelial development. However, both groups showed similar differentiation into secretory and absorptive epithelial lineages. Markers for intestinal identity, mesenchymal development, and brush border enzymes were also expressed similarly between groups. CONCLUSIONS While male host sex was associated with larger tHIO lumen size and mucosal maturation, tHIOs from both groups had similar engraftment, growth, and epithelial and mesenchymal cytodifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P McNeill
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 5.258, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vikas S Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 5.258, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David J Sequeira
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 5.258, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6450 E Cullen St, BCMN-N1301, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Allison L Speer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 5.258, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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18
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Bao L, Cui X, Bai R, Chen C. Advancing intestinal organoid technology to decipher nano-intestine interactions and treat intestinal disease. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:3976-3990. [PMID: 36465523 PMCID: PMC9685037 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With research burgeoning in nanoscience and nanotechnology, there is an urgent need to develop new biological models that can simulate native structure, function, and genetic properties of tissues to evaluate the adverse or beneficial effects of nanomaterials on a host. Among the current biological models, three-dimensional (3D) organoids have developed as powerful tools in the study of nanomaterial-biology (nano-bio) interactions, since these models can overcome many of the limitations of cell and animal models. A deep understanding of organoid techniques will facilitate the development of more efficient nanomedicines and further the fields of tissue engineering and personalized medicine. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in intestinal organoids culture systems with a focus on our understanding of the nature and influencing factors of intestinal organoid growth. We also discuss biomimetic extracellular matrices (ECMs) coupled with nanotechnology. In particular, we analyze the application prospects for intestinal organoids in investigating nano-intestine interactions. By integrating nanotechnology and organoid technology, this recently developed model will fill the gaps left due to the deficiencies of traditional cell and animal models, thus accelerating both our understanding of intestine-related nanotoxicity and the development of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700 China
| | - Ru Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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19
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Beanland BT, McNeill EP, Sequeira DJ, Xue H, Shroyer NF, Speer AL. Investigation of murine host sex as a biological variable in epithelial barrier function and muscle contractility in human intestinal organoids. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22613. [PMID: 36250916 PMCID: PMC9645459 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101740rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal failure (IF) occurs when intestinal surface area or function is not sufficient to support digestion and nutrient absorption. Human intestinal organoid (HIO)-derived tissue-engineered intestine is a potential cure for IF. Research to date has demonstrated successful HIO transplantation (tHIO) into mice with significant in vivo maturation. An area lacking in the literature is exploration of murine host sex as a biological variable (SABV) in tHIO function. In this study, we investigate murine host SABV in tHIO epithelial barrier function and muscle contractility. HIOs were generated in vitro and transplanted into nonobese diabetic, severe combined immunodeficiency gamma chain deficient male and female mice. tHIOs were harvested after 8-12 weeks in vivo. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were conducted to compare tight junctions and contractility-related markers in tHIOs. An Ussing chamber and contractility apparatus were used to evaluate tHIO epithelial barrier and muscle contractile function, respectively. The expression and morphology of tight junction and contractility-related markers from tHIOs in male and female murine hosts is not significantly different. Epithelial barrier function as measured by transepithelial resistance, short circuit current, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability is no different in tHIOs from male and female hosts, although these results may be limited by HIO epithelial immaturity and a short flux time. Muscle contractility as measured by total contractile activity, amplitude, frequency, and tension is not significantly different in tHIOs from male and female hosts. The data suggest that murine host sex may not be a significant biological variable influencing tHIO function, specifically epithelial barrier maintenance and muscle contractility, though limitations exist in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke T. Beanland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eoin P. McNeill
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David J. Sequeira
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hasen Xue
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Noah F. Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Allison L. Speer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
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20
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Focus on organoids: cooperation and interconnection with extracellular vesicles - Is this the future of in vitro modeling? Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:367-381. [PMID: 34896267 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are simplified in vitro model systems of organs that are used for modeling tissue development and disease, drug screening, cell therapy, and personalized medicine. Despite considerable success in the design of organoids, challenges remain in achieving real-life applications. Organoids serve as unique and organized groups of micro physiological systems that are capable of self-renewal and self-organization. Moreover, they exhibit similar organ functionality(ies) as that of tissue(s) of origin. Organoids can be designed from adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or embryonic stem cells. They consist of most of the important cell types of the desired tissue/organ along with the topology and cell-cell interactions that are highly similar to those of an in vivo tissue/organ. Organoids have gained interest in human biomedical research, as they demonstrate high promise for use in basic, translational, and applied research. As in vitro models, organoids offer significant opportunities for reducing the reliance and use of experimental animals. In this review, we will provide an overview of organoids, as well as those intercellular communications mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), and discuss the importance of organoids in modeling a tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Organoids can also be exploited to develop a better understanding of intercellular communications mediated by EVs. Also, organoids are useful in mimicking TIME, thereby offering a better-controlled environment for studying various associated biological processes and immune cell types involved in tumor immunity, such as T-cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, among others.
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21
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Petrosyan A, Montali F, Peloso A, Citro A, Byers LN, La Pointe C, Suleiman M, Marchetti A, Mcneill EP, Speer AL, Ng WH, Ren X, Bussolati B, Perin L, Di Nardo P, Cardinale V, Duisit J, Monetti AR, Savino JR, Asthana A, Orlando G. Regenerative medicine technologies applied to transplant medicine.an update. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1015628. [PMID: 36263358 PMCID: PMC9576214 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1015628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is changing how we think and practice transplant medicine. In regenerative medicine, the aim is to develop and employ methods to regenerate, restore or replace damaged/diseased tissues or organs. Regenerative medicine investigates using tools such as novel technologies or techniques, extracellular vesicles, cell-based therapies, and tissue-engineered constructs to design effective patient-specific treatments. This review illustrates current advancements in regenerative medicine that may pertain to transplant medicine. We highlight progress made and various tools designed and employed specifically for each tissue or organ, such as the kidney, heart, liver, lung, vasculature, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. By combing both fields of transplant and regenerative medicine, we can harbor a successful collaboration that would be beneficial and efficacious for the repair and design of de novo engineered whole organs for transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astgik Petrosyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Filippo Montali
- Department of General Surgery, di Vaio Hospital, Fidenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Visceral Surgery Division, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Citro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lori N. Byers
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Mara Suleiman
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Marchetti
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Eoin P. Mcneill
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Allison L Speer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wai Hoe Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerome Duisit
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, CHU Rennes, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Amish Asthana
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Orlando,
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22
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Tam PKH, Wong KKY, Atala A, Giobbe GG, Booth C, Gruber PJ, Monone M, Rafii S, Rando TA, Vacanti J, Comer CD, Elvassore N, Grikscheit T, de Coppi P. Regenerative medicine: postnatal approaches. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:654-666. [PMID: 35963270 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paper 2 of the paediatric regenerative medicine Series focuses on recent advances in postnatal approaches. New gene, cell, and niche-based technologies and their combinations allow structural and functional reconstitution and simulation of complex postnatal cell, tissue, and organ hierarchies. Organoid and tissue engineering advances provide human disease models and novel treatments for both rare paediatric diseases and common diseases affecting all ages, such as COVID-19. Preclinical studies for gastrointestinal disorders are directed towards oesophageal replacement, short bowel syndrome, enteric neuropathy, biliary atresia, and chronic end-stage liver failure. For respiratory diseases, beside the first human tracheal replacement, more complex tissue engineering represents a promising solution to generate transplantable lungs. Genitourinary tissue replacement and expansion usually involve application of biocompatible scaffolds seeded with patient-derived cells. Gene and cell therapy approaches seem appropriate for rare paediatric diseases of the musculoskeletal system such as spinal muscular dystrophy, whereas congenital diseases of complex organs, such as the heart, continue to challenge new frontiers of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region, China; Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Kenneth Kak Yuen Wong
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Booth
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Gruber
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mimmi Monone
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Paul F Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Vacanti
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabrication, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carly D Comer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabrication, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tracy Grikscheit
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paolo de Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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23
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Tullie L, Jones BC, De Coppi P, Li VSW. Building gut from scratch - progress and update of intestinal tissue engineering. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:417-431. [PMID: 35241800 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS), a condition defined by insufficient absorptive intestinal epithelium, is a rare disease, with an estimated prevalence up to 0.4 in 10,000 people. However, it has substantial morbidity and mortality for affected patients. The mainstay of treatment in SBS is supportive, in the form of intravenous parenteral nutrition, with the aim of achieving intestinal autonomy. The lack of a definitive curative therapy has led to attempts to harness innate developmental and regenerative mechanisms to engineer neo-intestine as an alternative approach to addressing this unmet clinical need. Exciting advances have been made in the field of intestinal tissue engineering (ITE) over the past decade, making a review in this field timely. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in the components required to engineer intestinal grafts and summarize the progress of ITE. We also explore some key factors to consider and challenges to overcome when transitioning tissue-engineered intestine towards clinical translation, and provide the future outlook of ITE in therapeutic applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Tullie
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan C Jones
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. .,Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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24
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Ming Y, Hao S, Wang F, Lewis-Israeli YR, Volmert BD, Xu Z, Goestenkors A, Aguirre A, Zhou C. Longitudinal morphological and functional characterization of human heart organoids using optical coherence tomography. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114136. [PMID: 35325716 PMCID: PMC9713770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organoids play an increasingly important role as in vitro models for studying organ development, disease mechanisms, and drug discovery. Organoids are self-organizing, organ-like three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures developing organ-specific cell types and functions. Recently, three groups independently developed self-assembling human heart organoids (hHOs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). In this study, we utilized a customized spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system to characterize the growth of hHOs. Development of chamber structures and beating patterns of the hHOs were observed via OCT and calcium imaging. We demonstrated the capability of OCT to produce 3D images in a fast, label-free, and non-destructive manner. The hHOs formed cavities of various sizes, and complex interconnections were observed as early as on day 4 of differentiation. The hHOs models and the OCT imaging system showed promising insights as an in vitro platform for investigating heart development and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Ming
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Senyue Hao
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Yonatan R Lewis-Israeli
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Brett D Volmert
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Zhiyao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Anna Goestenkors
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA.
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25
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Pednekar DD, Liguori MA, Marques CNH, Zhang T, Zhang N, Zhou Z, Amoako K, Gu H. From Static to Dynamic: A Review on the Role of Mucus Heterogeneity in Particle and Microbial Transport. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2825-2848. [PMID: 35696291 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucus layers (McLs) are on the front line of the human defense system that protect us from foreign abiotic/biotic particles (e.g., airborne virus SARS-CoV-2) and lubricates our organs. Recently, the impact of McLs on human health (e.g., nutrient absorption and drug delivery) and diseases (e.g., infections and cancers) has been studied extensively, yet their mechanisms are still not fully understood due to their high variety among organs and individuals. We characterize these variances as the heterogeneity of McLs, which lies in the thickness, composition, and physiology, making the systematic research on the roles of McLs in human health and diseases very challenging. To advance mucosal organoids and develop effective drug delivery systems, a comprehensive understanding of McLs' heterogeneity and how it impacts mucus physiology is urgently needed. When the role of airway mucus in the penetration and transmission of coronavirus (CoV) is considered, this understanding may also enable a better explanation and prediction of the CoV's behavior. Hence, in this Review, we summarize the variances of McLs among organs, health conditions, and experimental settings as well as recent advances in experimental measurements, data analysis, and model development for simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dinanath Pednekar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Madison A Liguori
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | | | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zejian Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Kagya Amoako
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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26
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Das NK, Jain C, Sankar A, Schwartz AJ, Santana-Codina N, Solanki S, Zhang Z, Ma X, Parimi S, Rui L, Mancias JD, Shah YM. Modulation of the HIF2α-NCOA4 axis in enterocytes attenuates iron loading in a mouse model of hemochromatosis. Blood 2022; 139:2547-2552. [PMID: 34990508 PMCID: PMC9029091 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal iron absorption is activated during increased systemic demand for iron. The best-studied example is iron deficiency anemia, which increases intestinal iron absorption. Interestingly, the intestinal response to anemia is very similar to that of iron overload disorders, as both the conditions activate a transcriptional program that leads to a hyperabsorption of iron via the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α). However, pathways for selective targeting of intestine-mediated iron overload remain unknown. Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) is a critical cargo receptor for autophagic breakdown of ferritin and the subsequent release of iron, in a process termed ferritinophagy. Our work demonstrates that NCOA4-mediated intestinal ferritinophagy is integrated into systemic iron demand via HIF2α. To demonstrate the importance of the intestinal HIF2α/ferritinophagy axis in systemic iron homeostasis, whole-body and intestine-specific NCOA4-/- mouse lines were generated and assessed. The analyses revealed that the intestinal and systemic response to iron deficiency was not altered after disruption of intestinal NCOA4. However, in a mouse model of hemochromatosis, ablation of intestinal NCOA4 was protective against iron overload. Therefore, NCOA4 can be selectively targeted for the management of iron overload disorders without disrupting the physiological processes involved in the response to systemic iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur K Das
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chesta Jain
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Amanda Sankar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew J Schwartz
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Naiara Santana-Codina
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sanjana Parimi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph D Mancias
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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27
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Shrivastav P, Pramanik S, Vaidya G, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Singh A, Abualsoud BM, Amaral LS, Abourehab MAS. Bacterial cellulose as a potential biopolymer in biomedical applications: a state-of-the-art review. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3199-3241. [PMID: 35445674 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02709c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Throughout history, natural biomaterials have benefited society. Nevertheless, in recent years, tailoring natural materials for diverse biomedical applications accompanied with sustainability has become the focus. With the progress in the field of materials science, novel approaches for the production, processing, and functionalization of biomaterials to obtain specific architectures have become achievable. This review highlights an immensely adaptable natural biomaterial, bacterial cellulose (BC). BC is an emerging sustainable biopolymer with immense potential in the biomedical field due to its unique physical properties such as flexibility, high porosity, good water holding capacity, and small size; chemical properties such as high crystallinity, foldability, high purity, high polymerization degree, and easy modification; and biological characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, excellent biological affinity, and non-biotoxicity. The structure of BC consists of glucose monomer units polymerized via cellulose synthase in β-1-4 glucan chains, creating BC nano fibrillar bundles with a uniaxial orientation. BC-based composites have been extensively investigated for diverse biomedical applications due to their similarity to the extracellular matrix structure. The recent progress in nanotechnology allows the further modification of BC, producing novel BC-based biomaterials for various applications. In this review, we strengthen the existing knowledge on the production of BC and BC composites and their unique properties, and highlight the most recent advances, focusing mainly on the delivery of active pharmaceutical compounds, tissue engineering, and wound healing. Further, we endeavor to present the challenges and prospects for BC-associated composites for their application in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Shrivastav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160 062, India.,Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kolivery Village, Mathuradas Colony, Kalina, Vakola, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 098, India
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gayatri Vaidya
- Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Davangere 577007, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, J.S. University, Shikohabad, Firozabad, UP 283135, India.
| | - Bassam M Abualsoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Larissa Souza Amaral
- Department of Bioengineering (USP ALUMNI), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566590, São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 11566, Egypt
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28
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Collier CA, Mendiondo C, Raghavan S. Tissue engineering of the gastrointestinal tract: the historic path to translation. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:9. [PMID: 35379299 PMCID: PMC8981633 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is imperative for multiple functions including digestion, nutrient absorption, and timely waste disposal. The central feature of the gut is peristalsis, intestinal motility, which facilitates all of its functions. Disruptions in GI motility lead to sub-optimal GI function, resulting in a lower quality of life in many functional GI disorders. Over the last two decades, tissue engineering research directed towards the intestine has progressed rapidly due to advances in cell and stem-cell biology, integrative physiology, bioengineering and biomaterials. Newer biomedical tools (including optical tools, machine learning, and nuanced regenerative engineering approaches) have expanded our understanding of the complex cellular communication within the GI tract that lead to its orchestrated physiological function. Bioengineering therefore can be utilized towards several translational aspects: (i) regenerative medicine to remedy/restore GI physiological function; (ii) in vitro model building to mimic the complex physiology for drug and pharmacology testing; (iii) tool development to continue to unravel multi-cell communication networks to integrate cell and organ-level physiology. Despite the significant strides made historically in GI tissue engineering, fundamental challenges remain including the quest for identifying autologous human cell sources, enhanced scaffolding biomaterials to increase biocompatibility while matching viscoelastic properties of the underlying tissue, and overall biomanufacturing. This review provides historic perspectives for how bioengineering has advanced over time, highlights newer advances in bioengineering strategies, and provides a realistic perspective on the path to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Christian Mendiondo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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29
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Intestinal Models for Personalized Medicine: from Conventional Models to Microfluidic Primary Intestine-on-a-chip. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2137-2151. [PMID: 34181185 PMCID: PMC8237043 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal dysfunction is frequently driven by abnormalities of specific genes, microbiota, or microenvironmental factors, which usually differ across individuals, as do intestinal physiology and pathology. Therefore, it's necessary to develop personalized therapeutic strategies, which are currently limited by the lack of a simulated intestine model. The mature human intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelial cells that are derived from intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The complexity of the organ dramatically increases the difficulty of faithfully mimicking in vivo microenvironments. However, a simulated intestine model will serve as an indispensable foundation for personalized drug screening. In this article, we review the advantages and disadvantages of conventional 2-dimensional models, intestinal organoid models, and current microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip (IOAC) models. The main technological strategies are summarized, and an advanced microfluidic primary IOAC model is proposed for personalized intestinal medicine. In this model, primary ISCs and the microbiome are isolated from individuals and co-cultured in a multi-channel microfluidic chip to establish a microengineered intestine device. The device can faithfully simulate in vivo fluidic flow, peristalsis-like motions, host-microbe crosstalk, and multi-cell type interactions. Moreover, the ISCs can be genetically edited before seeding, and monitoring sensors and post-analysis abilities can also be incorporated into the device to achieve high-throughput and rapid pharmaceutical studies. We also discuss the potential future applications and challenges of the microfluidic platform. The development of cell biology, biomaterials, and tissue engineering will drive the advancement of the simulated intestine, making a significant contribution to personalized medicine in the future. Graphical abstract The intestine is a primary organ for digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as a major site for the host-commensal microbiota interaction and mucosal immunity. The complexity of the organ dramatically increases the difficulty of faithfully mimicking in vivo microenvironments, though physiological 3-dimensional of the native small intestinal epithelial tissue has been well documented. An intestinal stem cells-based microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip model that faithfully simulate in vivo fluidic flow, peristalsis-like motions, host-microbe crosstalk, and multi-cell type interactions will make a significant contribution.
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30
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Ryan AR, Cleaver O. Plumbing our organs: Lessons from vascular development to instruct lab generated tissues. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 148:165-194. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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31
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Abstract
Organoids-cellular aggregates derived from stem or progenitor cells that recapitulate organ function in miniature-are of growing interest in developmental biology and medicine. Organoids have been developed for organs and tissues such as the liver, gut, brain, and pancreas; they are used as organ surrogates to study a wide range of questions in basic and developmental biology, genetic disorders, and therapies. However, many organoids reported to date have been cultured in Matrigel, which is prepared from the secretion of Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells; Matrigel is complex and poorly defined. This complexity makes it difficult to elucidate Matrigel-specific factors governing organoid development. In this review, we discuss promising Matrigel-free methods for the generation and maintenance of organoids that use decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM), synthetic hydrogels, or gel-forming recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Kozlowski
- DEVCOM US Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Science of Extreme Materials Division, Polymers Branch, 6300 Rodman Rd. Building 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, 21005, USA.
| | - Christiana J Crook
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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32
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Jones BC, Shibuya S, Durkin N, De Coppi P. Regenerative medicine for childhood gastrointestinal diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 56-57:101769. [PMID: 35331401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several paediatric gastrointestinal diseases result in life-shortening organ failure. For many of these conditions, current therapeutic options are suboptimal and may not offer a cure. Regenerative medicine is an inter-disciplinary field involving biologists, engineers, and clinicians that aims to produce cell and tissue-based therapies to overcome organ failure. Exciting advances in stem cell biology, materials science, and bioengineering bring engineered gastrointestinal cell and tissue therapies to the verge of clinical trial. In this review, we summarise the requirements for bioengineered therapies, the possible sources of the various cellular and non-cellular components, and the progress towards clinical translation of oesophageal and intestinal tissue engineering to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan C Jones
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soichi Shibuya
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Durkin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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33
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Yuzhalin AE. Parallels between the extracellular matrix roles in developmental biology and cancer biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 128:90-102. [PMID: 34556419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of a tumor with its microenvironment is an emerging field of investigation, and the crosstalk between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix is of particular interest, since cancer patients with abundant and stiff extracellular matrices display a poorer prognosis. At the post-juvenile stage, the extracellular matrix plays predominantly a structural role by providing support to cells and tissues; however, during development, matrix proteins exert a plethora of diverse signals to guide the movement and determine the fate of pluripotent cells. Taking a closer look at the communication between the extracellular matrix and cells of a developing body may bring new insights into cancer biology and identify cancer weaknesses. This review discusses parallels between the extracellular matrix roles during development and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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34
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Pan FC, Evans T, Chen S. Modeling endodermal organ development and diseases using human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:580-592. [PMID: 32652003 PMCID: PMC7683020 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in development of protocols for directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to defined lineages, in combination with 3D organoid technology, have facilitated the generation of various endoderm-derived organoids for in vitro modeling of human gastrointestinal development and associated diseases. In this review, we discuss current state-of-the-art strategies for generating hPSC-derived endodermal organoids including stomach, liver, pancreatic, small intestine, and colonic organoids. We also review the advantages of using this system to model various human diseases and evaluate the shortcomings of this technology. Finally, we emphasize how other technologies, such as genome editing and bioengineering, can be incorporated into the 3D hPSC-organoid models to generate even more robust and powerful platforms for understanding human organ development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Cheng Pan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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35
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Organ-on-Chip Approaches for Intestinal 3D In Vitro Modeling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:351-367. [PMID: 34454168 PMCID: PMC8688162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium has one of the highest turnover rates in the human body, which is supported by intestinal stem cells. Culture models of intestinal physiology have been evolving to incorporate different tissue and microenvironmental elements. However, these models also display gaps that limit their similarity with native conditions. Microfluidics technology arose from the application of microfabrication techniques to fluid manipulation. Recently, microfluidic approaches have been coupled with cell culture, creating self-contained and modular in vitro models with easily controllable features named organs-on-chip. Intestine-on-chip models have enabled the recreation of the proliferative and differentiated compartments of the intestinal epithelium, the long-term maintenance of commensals, and the intraluminal perfusion of organoids. In addition, studies based on human primary intestinal cells have shown that these systems have a closer transcriptomic profile and functionality to the intestine in vivo, when compared with other in vitro models. The design flexibility inherent to microfluidic technology allows the simultaneous combination of components such as shear stress, peristalsis-like strain, 3-dimensional structure, oxygen gradient, and co-cultures with other important cell types involved in gut physiology. The versatility and complexity of the intestine-on-chip grants it the potential for applications in disease modeling, host-microbiota studies, stem cell biology, and, ultimately, the translation to the pharmaceutical industry and the clinic as a reliable high-throughput platform for drug testing and personalized medicine, respectively. This review focuses on the physiological importance of several components that have been incorporated into intestine-on-chip models and highlights interesting features developed in other types of in vitro models that might contribute to the refinement of these systems.
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36
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Charelli LE, Ferreira JPD, Naveira-Cotta CP, Balbino TA. Engineering mechanobiology through organoids-on-chip: A strategy to boost therapeutics. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:883-899. [PMID: 34339588 DOI: 10.1002/term.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical environment of living cells is as critical as chemical signaling. Mechanical stimuli play a pivotal role in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Unbalances in mechanotransduction pathways often lead to diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite its inherent relevance, there is a lack of proper mechanoresponsive in vitro study systems. In this context, there is an urge to engineer innovative, robust, dynamic, and reliable organotypic technologies to better connect cellular processes to organ-level function and multi-tissue cross-talk. Mechanically active organoid-on-chip has the potential to surpass this challenge. These systems converge microfabrication, microfluidics, biophysics, and tissue engineering fields to emulate key features of living organisms, hence, reducing costs, time, and animal testing. In this review, we intended to present cutting-edge organ-on-chip platforms that integrate biomechanical stimuli as well as novel multicellular culture, such as organoids. We focused on its application in two main fields: precision medicine and drug development. Moreover, we also discussed the state of the art for the development of an engineered model to assess patient-derived tumor organoid metastatic potential. Finally, we highlighted the current drawbacks and emerging opportunities to match the industry needs. We envision the use of mechanoresponsive organotypic-on-chip microdevices as an indispensable tool for precision medicine, drug development, disease modeling, tissue engineering, and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia E Charelli
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Mechanical Engineering Department POLI & COPPE/UFRJ, Laboratory of Nano & Microfluidics and Microsystems-LabMEMS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P D Ferreira
- Undergraduate Program in Nanotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina P Naveira-Cotta
- Mechanical Engineering Department POLI & COPPE/UFRJ, Laboratory of Nano & Microfluidics and Microsystems-LabMEMS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Balbino
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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37
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Kasendra M, Troutt M, Broda T, Bacon WC, Wang TC, Niland JC, Helmrath MA. Intestinal organoids: roadmap to the clinic. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G1-G10. [PMID: 33950707 PMCID: PMC8321798 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00425.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in intestinal organoid research, along with encouraging preclinical proof-of-concept studies, have revealed significant therapeutic potential for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids in the healing and replacement of severely injured or diseased bowel (Finkbeiner et al. Biol Open 4: 1462-1472, 2015; Kitano et al. Nat Commun 8: 765, 2017; Cruz-Acuna et al. Nat Cell Biol 19: 1326-1335, 2017). To fully realize the tremendous promise of stem cell organoid-based therapies, careful planning aligned with significant resources and efforts must be devoted demonstrating their safety and efficacy to meet critical regulatory requirements. Early recognition of the inherent preclinical and clinical obstacles that occur with the novel use of pluripotent stem cell-derived products will accelerate their bench-to-bedside translation (Neofytou et al. J Clin Invest 125: 2551-2557, 2015; O'Brien et al. Stem Cell Res Ther 6: 146, 2015; Ouseph et al. Cytotherapy 17: 339-343, 2015). To overcome many of these hurdles, a close and effective collaboration is needed between experts from various disciplines, including basic and clinical research, product development and manufacturing, quality assurance and control, and regulatory affairs. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to outline the critical areas and challenges that must be addressed when transitioning laboratory-based discovery, through an investigational new drug (IND) application to first-in-human clinical trial, and to encourage investigators to consider the required regulatory steps from the earliest stage of the translational process. The ultimate goal is to provide readers with a draft roadmap that they could use while navigating this exciting cell therapy space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kasendra
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Misty Troutt
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Taylor Broda
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - W Clark Bacon
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | - Joyce C Niland
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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38
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Yu Q, Kilik U, Holloway EM, Tsai YH, Harmel C, Wu A, Wu JH, Czerwinski M, Childs CJ, He Z, Capeling MM, Huang S, Glass IA, Higgins PDR, Treutlein B, Spence JR, Camp JG. Charting human development using a multi-endodermal organ atlas and organoid models. Cell 2021; 184:3281-3298.e22. [PMID: 34019796 PMCID: PMC8208823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organs are composed of diverse cell types that traverse transient states during organogenesis. To interrogate this diversity during human development, we generate a single-cell transcriptome atlas from multiple developing endodermal organs of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. We illuminate cell states, transcription factors, and organ-specific epithelial stem cell and mesenchyme interactions across lineages. We implement the atlas as a high-dimensional search space to benchmark human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids (HIOs) under multiple culture conditions. We show that HIOs recapitulate reference cell states and use HIOs to reconstruct the molecular dynamics of intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme emergence. We show that the mesenchyme-derived niche cue NRG1 enhances intestinal stem cell maturation in vitro and that the homeobox transcription factor CDX2 is required for regionalization of intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme in humans. This work combines cell atlases and organoid technologies to understand how human organ development is orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umut Kilik
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christoph Harmel
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Czerwinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charlie J Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Chang DF, Gilliam EA, Nucho LMA, Garcia J, Shevchenko Y, Zuber SM, Squillaro AI, Maselli KM, Huang S, Spence JR, Grikscheit TC. NH 2-terminal deletion of specific phosphorylation sites on PHOX2B disrupts the formation of enteric neurons in vivo. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G1054-G1066. [PMID: 33881351 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00073.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the paired-like homeobox 2 b (PHOX2B) gene are associated with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), which is a rare condition in which both autonomic dysregulation with hypoventilation and an enteric neuropathy may occur. The majority of patients with CCHS have a polyalanine repeat mutation (PARM) in PHOX2B, but a minority of patients have nonpolyalanine repeat mutations (NPARMs), some of which have been localized to exon 1. A PHOX2B-Y14X nonsense mutation previously generated in a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line results in an NH2-terminus truncated product missing the first 17 or 20 amino acids, possibly due to translational reinitiation at an alternate ATG start site. This NH2-terminal truncation in the PHOX2B protein results in the loss of two key phosphorylation residues. Though the deletion does not affect the potential for PHOX2BY14X/Y14X mutant hPSC to differentiate into enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) in culture, it impedes in vivo development of neurons in an in vivo model of human aganglionic small intestine.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A mutation that affects only 17-20 NH2-terminal amino acids in the paired-like homeobox 2 b (PHOX2B) gene hinders the subsequent in vivo establishment of intestinal neuronal cells, but not the in vitro differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Chang
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth A Gilliam
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura-Marie A Nucho
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jazmin Garcia
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yevheniya Shevchenko
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samuel M Zuber
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony I Squillaro
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathryn M Maselli
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tracy C Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Keck Medical School, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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40
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Schlieve CR, Grikscheit TC. A Purpose in Liquidity: Perfusing 3D Open Scaffolds Improves "Mini-gut" Morphogenesis and Longevity. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 27:699-701. [PMID: 33157045 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Channeling morphogenic signaling gradients intrinsic to intestinal epithelial stem cells, Nikolaev et al. (2020) optimized a three-dimensional microchip perfusion system that augments growth, maturation, and longevity of tubular intestinal enteroids. Reported in Nature, this system may ultimately pave the way to study human intestinal development and pathophysiology, perhaps for therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Schlieve
- International Center for Colorectal and Urogenital Care, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tracy C Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Keck Medical School, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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41
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Shek D, Chen D, Read SA, Ahlenstiel G. Examining the gut-liver axis in liver cancer using organoid models. Cancer Lett 2021; 510:48-58. [PMID: 33891996 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts that by 2030 liver cancer will cause 1 million deaths annually, thus becoming the third most lethal cancer worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are the two major primary cancer subtypes involving the liver. Both are often diagnosed late, and hence response to treatment and survival are poor. It is therefore of utmost importance to understand the mechanisms by which liver cancers initiate and progress. The causes of primary liver cancer are diverse, resulting primarily from obesity, chronic alcohol abuse or viral hepatitis. Importantly, both alcohol and high fat diet can promote intestinal permeability, enabling microbial translocation from the gut into the liver. As a result, these microbial antigens and metabolites exacerbate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, increasing the risk of primary liver cancer. Organoids are primary, three-dimensional, stem cell derived liver models that can recapitulate many of the disease phenotypes observed in vivo. This review aims to summarize the advantages of organoid culture to examine the gut-liver axis with respect to cancer initiation and progression. In particular, the use of gut and liver organoid mono- and co-cultures together and with immune cell populations to best recapitulate disease mechanisms and develop therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Shek
- Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, Australia; Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dishen Chen
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott A Read
- Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, Australia; Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, Australia; Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.
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42
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Speer AL, Ren X, McNeill EP, Aziz JM, Muir SM, Marino DI, Dadhich P, Sawant K, Ciccocioppo R, Asthana A, Bitar KN, Orlando G. Bioengineering of the digestive tract: approaching the clinic. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:381-389. [PMID: 33840629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine is developing technologies that, in the near future, will offer alternative approaches to either cure diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract or slow their progression by leveraging the intrinsic ability of our tissues and organs to repair after damage. This article will succinctly illustrate the three technologies that are closer to clinical translation-namely, human intestinal organoids, sphincter bioengineering and decellularization, whereby the cellular compartment of a given segment of the digestive tract is removed to obtain a scaffold consisting of the extracellular matrix. The latter will be used as a template for the regeneration of a functional organ, whereby the newly generated cellular compartment will be obtained from the patient's own cells. Although clinical application of this technology is approaching, product development challenges are being tackled to warrant safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Speer
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eoin P McNeill
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justine M Aziz
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sean M Muir
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Domenica I Marino
- College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ketki Sawant
- Cellf Bio LLC, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Giambattista Rossi University Hospital, University Hospital Integrated Trust of Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amish Asthana
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Khalil N Bitar
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Cellf Bio LLC, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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43
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Sachdeva UM, Shimonosono M, Flashner S, Cruz-Acuña R, Gabre JT, Nakagawa H. Understanding the cellular origin and progression of esophageal cancer using esophageal organoids. Cancer Lett 2021; 509:39-52. [PMID: 33838281 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoids are a novel tool to model epithelial cell biology and human diseases of the esophagus. 3D organoid culture systems have been utilized to investigate the pathobiology of esophageal cancer, including both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Additional organoid-based approaches for study of esophageal development and benign esophageal diseases have provided key insights into esophageal keratinocyte differentiation and mucosal regeneration. These investigations have implications for the identification of esophageal cancer stem cells, as well as the potential to halt malignant progression through induction of differentiation pathways. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from human tissue samples allow for unique and faithful in vitro modeling of esophageal cancers, and provide an exciting platform for investigation into personalized medicine and targeted treatment approaches, as well as new models for understanding therapy resistance and recurrent disease. Future directions include high-throughput genomic screening using PDOs, and study of tumor-microenvironmental interactions through co-culture with immune and stromal cells and novel extracellular matrix complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma M Sachdeva
- Divison of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel T Gabre
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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44
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Onozato D, Ogawa I, Kida Y, Mizuno S, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Generation of Budding-Like Intestinal Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2637-2650. [PMID: 33794275 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived intestinal organoids have low invasiveness; however, the current differentiation method does not reflect the crypt-villus-like structure due to structural immaturity. Here, we generated budding-like organoids that formed epithelial tissue-like structures and had the characteristics of the mature small intestine from human iPS cells. They showed a high expression of drug transporters and induced the expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein. When treated with tumor necrosis factor-α and/or transforming growth factor-β, the budding-like organoids replicated the pathogenesis of mucosal damage or intestinal fibrosis. Upon dissociation and seeding on cell culture inserts, the organoids retained intestinal characteristics, forming polarized intestinal folds with approximately 400 Ω × cm2 transepithelial electrical resistance. This novel method has great potential for disease modeling and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Onozato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Isamu Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kida
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shota Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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45
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Hung YH, Huang S, Dame MK, Yu Q, Yu QC, Zeng YA, Camp JG, Spence JR, Sethupathy P. Chromatin regulatory dynamics of early human small intestinal development using a directed differentiation model. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:726-744. [PMID: 33406262 PMCID: PMC7826262 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of the small intestinal (SI) lineage during human embryogenesis ensures functional integrity of the intestine after birth. The chromatin dynamics that drive SI lineage formation and regional patterning in humans are essentially unknown. To fill this knowledge void, we apply a cutting-edge genomic technology to a state-of-the-art human model of early SI development. Specifically, we leverage chromatin run-on sequencing (ChRO-seq) to define the landscape of active promoters, enhancers and gene bodies across distinct stages of directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into SI spheroids with regional specification. Through comprehensive ChRO-seq analysis we identify candidate stage-specific chromatin activity states, novel markers and enhancer hotspots during the directed differentiation. Moreover, we propose a detailed transcriptional network associated with SI lineage formation or regional patterning. Our ChRO-seq analyses uncover a previously undescribed pattern of enhancer activity and transcription at HOX gene loci underlying SI regional patterning. We also validated this unique HOX dynamics by the analysis of single cell RNA-seq data from human fetal SI. Overall, the results lead to a new proposed working model for the regulatory underpinnings of human SI development, thereby adding a novel dimension to the literature that has relied almost exclusively on non-human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael K Dame
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qianhui Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basal, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Qing C Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi A Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basal, Basel 4056, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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46
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Advances in modelling the human microbiome-gut-brain axis in vitro. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:187-201. [PMID: 33544117 PMCID: PMC7924999 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has emerged as a key player in the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis, affecting various aspects of homeostasis and pathophysiology. Until recently, the majority of studies that seek to explore the mechanisms underlying the microbiome–gut–brain axis cross-talk, relied almost exclusively on animal models, and particularly gnotobiotic mice. Despite the great progress made with these models, various limitations, including ethical considerations and interspecies differences that limit the translatability of data to human systems, pushed researchers to seek for alternatives. Over the past decades, the field of in vitro modelling of tissues has experienced tremendous growth, thanks to advances in 3D cell biology, materials, science and bioengineering, pushing further the borders of our ability to more faithfully emulate the in vivo situation. The discovery of stem cells has offered a new source of cells, while their use in generating gastrointestinal and brain organoids, among other tissues, has enabled the development of novel 3D tissues that better mimic the native tissue structure and function, compared with traditional assays. In parallel, organs-on-chips technology and bioengineered tissues have emerged as highly promising alternatives to animal models for a wide range of applications. Here, we discuss how recent advances and trends in this area can be applied in host–microbe and host–pathogen interaction studies. In addition, we highlight paradigm shifts in engineering more robust human microbiome-gut-brain axis models and their potential to expand our understanding of this complex system and hence explore novel, microbiome-based therapeutic approaches.
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47
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Sarvestani SK, Signs S, Hu B, Yeu Y, Feng H, Ni Y, Hill DR, Fisher RC, Ferrandon S, DeHaan RK, Stiene J, Cruise M, Hwang TH, Shen X, Spence JR, Huang EH. Induced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:262. [PMID: 33431859 PMCID: PMC7801686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), a major type of inflammatory bowel disease, remains unknown. No model exists that adequately recapitulates the complexity of clinical UC. Here, we take advantage of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to develop an induced human UC-derived organoid (iHUCO) model and compared it with the induced human normal organoid model (iHNO). Notably, iHUCOs recapitulated histological and functional features of primary colitic tissues, including the absence of acidic mucus secretion and aberrant adherens junctions in the epithelial barrier both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that the CXCL8/CXCR1 axis was overexpressed in iHUCO but not in iHNO. As proof-of-principle, we show that inhibition of CXCL8 receptor by the small-molecule non-competitive inhibitor repertaxin attenuated the progression of UC phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. This patient-derived organoid model, containing both epithelial and stromal compartments, will generate new insights into the underlying pathogenesis of UC while offering opportunities to tailor interventions to the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh K Sarvestani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Steven Signs
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Yunku Yeu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ying Ni
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - David R Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert C Fisher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sylvain Ferrandon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Reece K DeHaan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer Stiene
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Michael Cruise
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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48
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Onozato D, Akagawa T, Kida Y, Ogawa I, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Organoids as a Model of Epithelial Damage and Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1088-1095. [PMID: 32612071 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, which typically manifests as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is caused by the abnormal production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. These cytokines damage intestinal epithelial cells and trigger fibrosis, respectively, for which the current in vitro models have many limitations. Therefore, we tested whether human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids (HiOs) can mimic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and whether such a model is suitable for drug screening. HiOs were treated with TNF-α and TGF-β to construct mucosal damage and fibrosis models. TNF-α diminished the mRNA expression of intestinal epithelial cell and goblet cell markers in HiOs. TNF-α also induced epithelial cell damage and degradation of tight junctions but not in the presence of infliximab, an antibody used in the clinic to deplete TNF-α. Furthermore, permeation of the non-absorbable marker FD-4 was observed in HiOs treated with TNF-α or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), but not in the presence of infliximab. In contrast, TNF-α and TGF-β induced mRNA expression of mesenchymal and fibrosis markers, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition. SB431542, a TGF-β inhibitor, significantly reversed these events. The data indicate that HiOs mimic mucosal damage and fibrosis due to IBD and are thus suitable models for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Onozato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Takumi Akagawa
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Yuriko Kida
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Isamu Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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49
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Seeger B. Farm Animal-derived Models of the Intestinal Epithelium: Recent Advances and Future Applications of Intestinal Organoids. Altern Lab Anim 2020; 48:215-233. [PMID: 33337913 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920974026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Farm animals play an important role in translational research as large animal models of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The mechanistic investigation of zoonotic diseases of the GI tract, in which animals can act as asymptomatic carriers, could provide important information for therapeutic approaches. In veterinary medicine, farm animals are no less relevant, as they can serve as models for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of GI diseases in the target species. However, farm animal-derived cell lines of the intestinal epithelium are rarely available from standardised cell banks and, in addition, are not usually specific for certain sections of the intestine. Immortalised porcine or bovine enterocytic cell lines are more widely available, compared to goat or sheep-derived cell lines; no continuous cell lines are available from the chicken. Other epithelial cell types with intestinal section-specific distribution and function, such as goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells and intestinal stem cells, are not represented in those cell line-based models. Therefore, intestinal organoid models of farm animal species, which are already widely used for mice and humans, are gaining importance. Crypt-derived or pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoid models offer the possibility to investigate the mechanisms of inter-cell or host-pathogen interactions and to answer species-specific questions. This review is intended to give an overview of cell culture models of the intestinal epithelium of farm animals, discussing species-specific differences, culture techniques and some possible applications for intestinal organoid models. It also highlights the need for species-specific pluripotent stem cell-derived or crypt-derived intestinal organoid models for promotion of the Three Rs principles (replacement, reduction and refinement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Seeger
- Department of Food Toxicology and Replacement/Complementary Methods to Animal Testing, Institute for Food Toxicology, 460510University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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50
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Kanetkar NS, Ekenseair AK. Thiolated Thermoresponsive Polymer Scaffolds with Tunable Mucoadhesivity for Intestinal Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4761-4770. [PMID: 32960594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for inflammatory bowel disease largely involve lifelong drug prescriptions or surgical intervention that can lead to poor quality of life for patients. Regenerative therapies involving stem cells have been shown to induce tissue regeneration but are limited in their efficacy by inefficient delivery mechanisms. Scaffold-based delivery of cells has been a key research focus of tissue engineers seeking to translate advances in stem cell research into clinical solutions. Biomaterial scaffolds that are delivered noninvasively to form in situ solid structures around the cells are preferable over surgically delivered monolithic scaffolds. We synthesized a novel biomaterial for in situ-forming, thermoresponsive intestinal scaffolds by thiolation of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate) by conjugation of cysteine. Thiolation of the polymer enables chemical crosslinking with the intestinal mucus, enhancing mucoadhesion and permitting control of scaffold retention time in the intestinal environment. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of the thiolated polymer and investigates its crosslinking behavior, mucoadhesive properties, and cytocompatibility for potential tissue engineering applications in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninad S Kanetkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Adam K Ekenseair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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