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Tago T, Yamada Y, Goto Y, Toyooka K, Ochi Y, Satoh T, Satoh AK. Golgi clustering by the deficiency of COPI-SNARE in Drosophila photoreceptors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1442198. [PMID: 39296936 PMCID: PMC11408282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1442198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in the fly genome by RNAi in Drosophila photoreceptors indicated that knockdown of any of the COPI-SNAREs, Syx18, Sec20, and Use1, resulted in the same characteristic phenotypes: Golgi stacks gathering on their trans-side, laterally expanded Golgi cisternae, and a reduced number of discrete Golgi stacks. These Golgi stacks are reminiscent of mammalian Golgi ribbons and Brefeldin A (BFA)-bodies in Drosophila S2 cells. As previously reported, BFA suppresses trans-Golgi network (TGN) fission and Golgi stack separation to form a BFA-body, which is a cluster of Golgi stacks cored by recycling endosomes. We found that the impairing each of COPI-SNAREs results in clustered Golgi stacks similar to BFA-bodies, indicating that COPI-SNAREs have a role to separate clustered Golgi stacks. These results further support the idea that the movement of Golgi stacks and the balance of fusion and fission of the TGN determine the level of clustering and ribbon formation of Golgi stacks within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tago
- Program of Life and environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamada
- Program of Life and environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumi Goto
- Technology Platform Division, Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Technology Platform Division, Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Ochi
- Program of Life and environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takunori Satoh
- Program of Life and environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko K Satoh
- Program of Life and environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Liu X, Gao Y, Li Y, El Wakil A, Moussian B, Zhang J. Syntaxin5 is essential for survival by ensuring midgut epithelial homeostsis and regulating feeding in Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 202:105934. [PMID: 38879326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Syntaxin5 (Syx5) belongs to SNAREs family, which play important roles in fusion of vesicles to target membranes. Most of what we know about functions of Syx5 originates from studies in fungal or vertebrate cells, how Syx5 operates during the development of insects is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of LmSyx5 in the gut development of the hemimetabolous insect Locusta migratoria. LmSyx5 was expressed in many tissues, with higher levels in the gut. Knockdown of LmSyx5 by RNA interference (RNAi) considerably suppressed feeding in both nymphs and adults. The dsLmSyx5-injected locusts lost body weight and finally died at a mortality of 100%. Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that the midgut is deformed in dsLmSyx5-treated nymphs and the brush border in midgut epithelial cells is severely damaged, suggesting that LmSyx5 is involved in morphogenesis of the midgut. TEM further showed that the endoplasmic reticulum of midgut cells have a bloated appearance. Taken together, these results suggest that LmSyx5 is essential for midgut epithelial homeostsis that affects growth and development of L. migratoria. Thus, Syx5 is a promising RNAi target for controlling L. migratoria, and even other pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides; Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides; Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides; Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Faculty of Education, Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides; Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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Park SY, Muschalik N, Chadwick J, Munro S. In vivo characterization of Drosophila golgins reveals redundancy and plasticity of vesicle capture at the Golgi apparatus. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4549-4564.e6. [PMID: 36103876 PMCID: PMC9849145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi is the central sorting station in the secretory pathway and thus the destination of transport vesicles arriving from the endoplasmic reticulum and endosomes and from within the Golgi itself. Cell viability, therefore, requires that the Golgi accurately receives multiple classes of vesicle. One set of proteins proposed to direct vesicle arrival at the Golgi are the golgins, long coiled-coil proteins localized to specific parts of the Golgi stack. In mammalian cells, three of the golgins, TMF, golgin-84, and GMAP-210, can capture intra-Golgi transport vesicles when placed in an ectopic location. However, the individual golgins are not required for cell viability, and mouse knockout mutants only have defects in specific tissues. To further illuminate this system, we examine the Drosophila orthologs of these three intra-Golgi golgins. We show that ectopic forms can capture intra-Golgi transport vesicles, but strikingly, the cargo present in the vesicles captured by each golgin varies between tissues. Loss-of-function mutants show that the golgins are individually dispensable, although the loss of TMF recapitulates the male fertility defects observed in mice. However, the deletion of multiple golgins results in defects in glycosylation and loss of viability. Examining the vesicles captured by a particular golgin when another golgin is missing reveals that the vesicle content in one tissue changes to resemble that of a different tissue. This reveals a plasticity in Golgi organization between tissues, providing an explanation for why the Golgi is sufficiently robust to tolerate the loss of many of the individual components of its membrane traffic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yun Park
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nadine Muschalik
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jessica Chadwick
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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Smylla TK, Wagner K, Huber A. Application of Fluorescent Proteins for Functional Dissection of the Drosophila Visual System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8930. [PMID: 34445636 PMCID: PMC8396179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila eye has been used extensively to study numerous aspects of biological systems, for example, spatio-temporal regulation of differentiation, visual signal transduction, protein trafficking and neurodegeneration. Right from the advent of fluorescent proteins (FPs) near the end of the millennium, heterologously expressed fusion proteins comprising FPs have been applied in Drosophila vision research not only for subcellular localization of proteins but also for genetic screens and analysis of photoreceptor function. Here, we summarize applications for FPs used in the Drosophila eye as part of genetic screens, to study rhodopsin expression patterns, subcellular protein localization, membrane protein transport or as genetically encoded biosensors for Ca2+ and phospholipids in vivo. We also discuss recently developed FPs that are suitable for super-resolution or correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) approaches. Illustrating the possibilities provided by using FPs in Drosophila photoreceptors may aid research in other sensory or neuronal systems that have not yet been studied as well as the Drosophila eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Smylla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (K.W.); (A.H.)
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Identification of Genes Required for Apical Protein Trafficking in Drosophila Photoreceptor Cells. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:4007-4017. [PMID: 31649044 PMCID: PMC6893196 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptor cells are highly polarized epithelial cells. Their apical membrane is further subdivided into the stalk membrane and the light-sensing rhabdomere. The photo-pigment Rhodopsin1 (Rh1) localizes to the rhabdomere, whereas the apical determinant Crumbs (Crb) is enriched at the stalk membrane. The proteoglycan Eyes shut (Eys) is secreted through the apical membrane into an inter-rhabdomeral space. Rh1, Crb, and Eys are essential for the development of photoreceptor cells, normal vision, and photoreceptor cell survival. Human orthologs of all three proteins have been linked to retinal degenerative diseases. Here, we describe an RNAi-based screen examining the importance of 237 trafficking-related genes in apical trafficking of Eys, Rh1, and Crb. We found 28 genes that have an effect on the localization and/or levels of these apical proteins and analyzed several factors in more detail. We show that the Arf GEF protein Sec71 is required for biosynthetic traffic of both apical and basolateral proteins, that the exocyst complex and the microtubule-based motor proteins dynein and kinesin promote the secretion of Eys and Rh1, and that Syntaxin 7/Avalanche controls the endocytosis of Rh1, Eys, and Crb.
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Hiramatsu N, Tago T, Satoh T, Satoh AK. ER membrane protein complex is required for the insertions of late-synthesized transmembrane helices of Rh1 in Drosophila photoreceptors. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2890-2900. [PMID: 31553680 PMCID: PMC6822582 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most membrane proteins are synthesized on and inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in eukaryote. The widely conserved ER membrane protein complex (EMC) facilitates the biogenesis of a wide range of membrane proteins. In this study, we investigated the EMC function using Drosophila photoreceptor as a model system. We found that the EMC was necessary only for the biogenesis of a subset of multipass membrane proteins such as rhodopsin (Rh1), TRP, TRPL, Csat, Cni, SERCA, and Na+K+ATPase α, but not for that of secretory or single-pass membrane proteins. Additionally, in EMC-deficient cells, Rh1 was translated to its C terminus but degraded independently from ER-associated degradation. Thus, EMC exerted its effect after translation but before or during the membrane integration of transmembrane domains (TMDs). Finally, we found that EMC was not required for the stable expression of the first three TMDs of Rh1 but was required for that of the fourth and fifth TMDs. Our results suggested that EMC is required for the ER membrane insertion of succeeding TMDs of multipass membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hiramatsu
- Program of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tago
- Program of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Takunori Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Akiko K Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
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7
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Ogi S, Matsuda A, Otsuka Y, Liu Z, Satoh T, Satoh AK. Syndapin constricts microvillar necks to form a united rhabdomere in Drosophila photoreceptors. Development 2019; 146:dev.169292. [PMID: 31371377 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila photoreceptors develop from polarized epithelial cells that have apical and basolateral membranes. During morphogenesis, the apical membranes subdivide into a united bundle of photosensory microvilli (rhabdomeres) and a surrounding supporting membrane (stalk). By EMS-induced mutagenesis screening, we found that the F-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) protein syndapin is essential for apical membrane segregation. The analysis of the super-resolution microscopy, STORM and the electron microscopy suggest that syndapin localizes to the neck of the microvilli at the base of the rhabdomere. Syndapin and moesin are required to constrict the neck of the microvilli to organize the membrane architecture at the base of the rhabdomere, to exclude the stalk membrane. Simultaneous loss of syndapin along with the microvilli adhesion molecule chaoptin significantly enhanced the disruption of stalk-rhabdomere segregation. However, loss of the factors involving endocytosis do not interfere. These results indicated syndapin is most likely functioning through its membrane curvature properties, and not through endocytic processes for stalk-rhabdomere segregation. Elucidation of the mechanism of this unconventional domain formation will provide novel insights into the field of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Ogi
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuda
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Advanced ICT Research Institute, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Yuna Otsuka
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Ziguang Liu
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.,Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuefu Road No. 368, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150-086, China
| | - Takunori Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Akiko K Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
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8
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Otsuka Y, Satoh T, Nakayama N, Inaba R, Yamashita H, Satoh AK. Parcas is the predominant Rab11-GEF for rhodopsin transport in Drosophila photoreceptors. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231431. [PMID: 31296556 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab11 is essential for polarized post-Golgi vesicle trafficking to photosensitive membrane rhabdomeres in Drosophila photoreceptors. Here, we found that Parcas (Pcs), recently shown to have guanine nucleotide exchange (GEF) activity toward Rab11, co-localizes with Rab11 on the trans-side of Golgi units and post-Golgi vesicles at the base of the rhabdomeres in pupal photoreceptors. Pcs fused with the electron micrography tag APEX2 localizes on 150-300 nm vesicles at the trans-side of Golgi units, which are presumably fly recycling endosomes. Loss of Pcs impairs Rab11 localization on the trans-side of Golgi units and induces the cytoplasmic accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles bearing rhabdomere proteins, as observed in Rab11 deficiency. In contrast, loss of Rab11-specific subunits of the TRAPPII complex, another known Rab11-GEF, does not cause any defects in eye development nor the transport of rhabdomere proteins; however, simultaneous loss of TRAPPII and Pcs results in severe defects in eye development. These results indicate that both TRAPPII and Pcs are required for eye development, but Pcs functions as the predominant Rab11-GEF for post-Golgi transport to photosensitive membrane rhabdomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Otsuka
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Takunori Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nakayama
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Ryota Inaba
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yamashita
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Akiko K Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
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9
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Linders PT, Horst CVD, Beest MT, van den Bogaart G. Stx5-Mediated ER-Golgi Transport in Mammals and Yeast. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080780. [PMID: 31357511 PMCID: PMC6721632 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) syntaxin 5 (Stx5) in mammals and its ortholog Sed5p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate anterograde and retrograde endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi trafficking. Stx5 and Sed5p are structurally highly conserved and are both regulated by interactions with other ER-Golgi SNARE proteins, the Sec1/Munc18-like protein Scfd1/Sly1p and the membrane tethering complexes COG, p115, and GM130. Despite these similarities, yeast Sed5p and mammalian Stx5 are differently recruited to COPII-coated vesicles, and Stx5 interacts with the microtubular cytoskeleton, whereas Sed5p does not. In this review, we argue that these different Stx5 interactions contribute to structural differences in ER-Golgi transport between mammalian and yeast cells. Insight into the function of Stx5 is important given its essential role in the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells and its involvement in infections and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ta Linders
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiel van der Horst
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Riedel F, Galindo A, Muschalik N, Munro S. The two TRAPP complexes of metazoans have distinct roles and act on different Rab GTPases. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:601-617. [PMID: 29273580 PMCID: PMC5800803 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In yeast, the TRAPP complexes activate Rab1 with TRAPPII also activating Rab11, but less is known about the two TRAPPs in metazoans. Riedel et al. show that in Drosophila melanogaster, TRAPPIII is an essential Rab1 activator, and TRAPPII activates Rab1 and Rab11 and becomes essential when an unrelated Rab11 activator is deleted. Originally identified in yeast, transport protein particle (TRAPP) complexes are Rab GTPase exchange factors that share a core set of subunits. TRAPPs were initially found to act on Ypt1, the yeast orthologue of Rab1, but recent studies have found that yeast TRAPPII can also activate the Rab11 orthologues Ypt31/32. Mammals have two TRAPP complexes, but their role is less clear, and they contain subunits that are not found in the yeast complexes but are essential for cell growth. To investigate TRAPP function in metazoans, we show that Drosophila melanogaster have two TRAPP complexes similar to those in mammals and that both activate Rab1, whereas one, TRAPPII, also activates Rab11. TRAPPII is not essential but becomes so in the absence of the gene parcas that encodes the Drosophila orthologue of the SH3BP5 family of Rab11 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Thus, in metazoans, Rab1 activation requires TRAPP subunits not found in yeast, and Rab11 activation is shared by TRAPPII and an unrelated GEF that is metazoan specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Riedel
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Antonio Galindo
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Nadine Muschalik
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Sean Munro
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England, UK
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11
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Climer LK, Hendrix RD, Lupashin VV. Conserved Oligomeric Golgi and Neuronal Vesicular Trafficking. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 245:227-247. [PMID: 29063274 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is an evolutionary conserved multi-subunit vesicle tethering complex essential for the majority of Golgi apparatus functions: protein and lipid glycosylation and protein sorting. COG is present in neuronal cells, but the repertoire of COG function in different Golgi-like compartments is an enigma. Defects in COG subunits cause alteration of Golgi morphology, protein trafficking, and glycosylation resulting in human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) type II. In this review we summarize and critically analyze recent advances in the function of Golgi and Golgi-like compartments in neuronal cells and functions and dysfunctions of the COG complex and its partner proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Climer
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rachel D Hendrix
- College of Medicine, Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
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12
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Schopf K, Huber A. Membrane protein trafficking in Drosophila photoreceptor cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 96:391-401. [PMID: 27964885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane protein trafficking occurs throughout the lifetime of neurons and includes the initial protein synthesis and anterograde transport to the plasma membrane as well as internalization, degradation, and recycling of plasma membrane proteins. Defects in protein trafficking can result in neuronal degeneration and underlie blinding diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa as well as other neuronal disorders. Drosophila photoreceptor cells have emerged as a model system for identifying the components and mechanisms involved in membrane protein trafficking in neurons. Here we summarize the current knowledge about trafficking of three Drosophila phototransduction proteins, the visual pigment rhodopsin and the two light-activated ion channels TRP (transient receptor potential) and TRPL (TRP-like). Despite some common requirements shared by rhodopsin and TRP, details in the trafficking of these proteins differ considerably, suggesting the existence of several trafficking pathways for these photoreceptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina Schopf
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology, Department of Biosensorics, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Armin Huber
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology, Department of Biosensorics, Stuttgart, Germany.
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