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Sankaralingam P, Wang S, Liu Y, Oegema KF, O'Connell KF. The kinase ZYG-1 phosphorylates the cartwheel protein SAS-5 to drive centriole assembly in C. elegans. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2698-2721. [PMID: 38744971 PMCID: PMC11169420 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrioles organize centrosomes, the cell's primary microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs). Centrioles double in number each cell cycle, and mis-regulation of this process is linked to diseases such as cancer and microcephaly. In C. elegans, centriole assembly is controlled by the Plk4 related-kinase ZYG-1, which recruits the SAS-5-SAS-6 complex. While the kinase activity of ZYG-1 is required for centriole assembly, how it functions has not been established. Here we report that ZYG-1 physically interacts with and phosphorylates SAS-5 on 17 conserved serine and threonine residues in vitro. Mutational scanning reveals that serine 10 and serines 331/338/340 are indispensable for proper centriole assembly. Embryos expressing SAS-5S10A exhibit centriole assembly failure, while those expressing SAS-5S331/338/340A possess extra centrioles. We show that in the absence of serine 10 phosphorylation, the SAS-5-SAS-6 complex is recruited to centrioles, but is not stably incorporated, possibly due to a failure to coordinately recruit the microtubule-binding protein SAS-4. Our work defines the critical role of phosphorylation during centriole assembly and reveals that ZYG-1 might play a role in preventing the formation of excess centrioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Sankaralingam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Shaohe Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen F Oegema
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kevin F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Ryniawec JM, Buster DW, Slevin LK, Boese CJ, Amoiroglou A, Dean SM, Slep KC, Rogers GC. Polo-like kinase 4 homodimerization and condensate formation regulate its own protein levels but are not required for centriole assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar80. [PMID: 37163316 PMCID: PMC10398880 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is the master-regulator of centriole assembly, and cell cycle-dependent regulation of its activity maintains proper centrosome number. During most of the cell cycle, Plk4 levels are nearly undetectable due to its ability to autophosphorylate and trigger its own ubiquitin-mediated degradation. However, during mitotic exit, Plk4 forms a single aggregate on the centriole surface to stimulate centriole duplication. Whereas most Polo-like kinase family members are monomeric, Plk4 is unique because it forms homodimers. Notably, Plk4 trans-autophosphorylates a degron near its kinase domain, a critical step in autodestruction. While it is thought that the purpose of homodimerization is to promote trans-autophosphorylation, this has not been tested. Here, we generated separation-of-function Plk4 mutants that fail to dimerize and show that homodimerization creates a binding site for the Plk4 activator, Asterless. Surprisingly, however, Plk4 dimer mutants are catalytically active in cells, promote centriole assembly, and can trans-autophosphorylate through concentration-dependent condensate formation. Moreover, we mapped and then deleted the weak-interacting regions within Plk4 that mediate condensation and conclude that dimerization and condensation are not required for centriole assembly. Our findings suggest that Plk4 dimerization and condensation function simply to down-regulate Plk4 and suppress centriole overduplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Daniel W. Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Lauren K. Slevin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Cody J. Boese
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Anastasia Amoiroglou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Spencer M. Dean
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Kevin C. Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Gregory C. Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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3
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Steinacker TL, Wong SS, Novak ZA, Saurya S, Gartenmann L, van Houtum EJ, Sayers JR, Lagerholm BC, Raff JW. Centriole growth is limited by the Cdk/Cyclin-dependent phosphorylation of Ana2/STIL. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202205058. [PMID: 35861803 PMCID: PMC9442473 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles duplicate once per cell cycle, but it is unclear how daughter centrioles assemble at the right time and place and grow to the right size. Here, we show that in Drosophila embryos the cytoplasmic concentrations of the key centriole assembly proteins Asl, Plk4, Ana2, Sas-6, and Sas-4 are low, but remain constant throughout the assembly process-indicating that none of them are limiting for centriole assembly. The cytoplasmic diffusion rate of Ana2/STIL, however, increased significantly toward the end of S-phase as Cdk/Cyclin activity in the embryo increased. A mutant form of Ana2 that cannot be phosphorylated by Cdk/Cyclins did not exhibit this diffusion change and allowed daughter centrioles to grow for an extended period. Thus, the Cdk/Cyclin-dependent phosphorylation of Ana2 seems to reduce the efficiency of daughter centriole assembly toward the end of S-phase. This helps to ensure that daughter centrioles stop growing at the correct time, and presumably also helps to explain why centrioles cannot duplicate during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siu-Shing Wong
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zsofia A. Novak
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saroj Saurya
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Gartenmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Judith R. Sayers
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jordan W. Raff
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Tian Y, Yan Y, Fu J. Nine-fold symmetry of centriole: The joint efforts of its core proteins. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100262. [PMID: 34997615 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The centriole is a widely conserved organelle required for the assembly of centrosomes, cilia, and flagella. Its striking feature - the nine-fold symmetrical structure, was discovered over 70 years ago by transmission electron microscopy, and since elaborated mostly by cryo-electron microscopy and super-resolution microscopy. Here, we review the discoveries that led to the current understanding of how the nine-fold symmetrical structure is built. We focus on the recent findings of the centriole structure in high resolution, its assembly pathways, and its nine-fold distributed components. We propose a model that the assembly of the nine-fold symmetrical centriole depends on the concerted efforts of its core proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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5
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Li J, Urabe G, Huang Y, Zhang M, Wang B, Marcho L, Shen H, Kent KC, Guo LW. A Role for Polo-Like Kinase 4 in Vascular Fibroblast Cell-Type Transition. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:257-283. [PMID: 33778212 PMCID: PMC7987547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PLK4, previously known as a centriole-associated factor, regulates the transcription factor activity of serum response factor. PLK4 inhibition blocks the profibrogenic cell state transition of vascular fibroblasts. PLK4’s activation and gene expression are regulated by PDGF receptor and epigenetic reader BRD4, respectively. Periadventitial administration of a PLK4 inhibitor mitigates vascular fibrosis.
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is canonically known for its cytoplasmic function in centriole duplication. Here we show a noncanonical PLK4 function of regulating the transcription factor SRF’s nuclear activity and associated myofibroblast-like cell-type transition. In this context, we have further found that PLK4’s phosphorylation and transcription are respectively regulated by PDGF receptor and epigenetic factor BRD4. Furthermore, in vivo experiments suggest PLK4 inhibition as a potential approach to mitigating vascular fibrosis.
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Key Words
- AA, PDGF-AA
- BET, bromo/extraterminal domain–containing protein
- BRD4
- BRD4, bromodomain protein 4
- CenB, centrinone-B
- EEL, external elastic lamina
- JQ1, a BET family–selective epigenetic modulator drug
- MRTF-A, myocardin-related transcription factor A
- PDGF receptor
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFR, PDGF receptor
- PLK, polo-like kinase
- PLK4
- SRF
- SRF, serum response factor
- fibroblast cell-type transition
- αSMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Go Urabe
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yitao Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lynn Marcho
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Liu Y, Gupta GD, Barnabas DD, Agircan FG, Mehmood S, Wu D, Coyaud E, Johnson CM, McLaughlin SH, Andreeva A, Freund SMV, Robinson CV, Cheung SWT, Raught B, Pelletier L, van Breugel M. Direct binding of CEP85 to STIL ensures robust PLK4 activation and efficient centriole assembly. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1731. [PMID: 29712910 PMCID: PMC5928214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are required for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. They are composed of a centriole pair that recruits and organizes the microtubule-nucleating pericentriolar material. Centriole duplication is tightly controlled in vivo and aberrations in this process are associated with several human diseases, including cancer and microcephaly. Although factors essential for centriole assembly, such as STIL and PLK4, have been identified, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive this process are incompletely understood. Combining protein proximity mapping with high-resolution structural methods, we identify CEP85 as a centriole duplication factor that directly interacts with STIL through a highly conserved interaction interface involving a previously uncharacterised domain of STIL. Structure-guided mutational analyses in vivo demonstrate that this interaction is essential for efficient centriolar targeting of STIL, PLK4 activation and faithful daughter centriole assembly. Taken together, our results illuminate a molecular mechanism underpinning the spatiotemporal regulation of the early stages of centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gagan D Gupta
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Deepak D Barnabas
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fikret G Agircan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stephen H McLaughlin
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Antonina Andreeva
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stefan M V Freund
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Sally W T Cheung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Mark van Breugel
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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7
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McLamarrah TA, Buster DW, Galletta BJ, Boese CJ, Ryniawec JM, Hollingsworth NA, Byrnes AE, Brownlee CW, Slep KC, Rusan NM, Rogers GC. An ordered pattern of Ana2 phosphorylation by Plk4 is required for centriole assembly. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1217-1231. [PMID: 29496738 PMCID: PMC5881488 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) initiates an early step in centriole assembly by phosphorylating Ana2/STIL, a structural component of the procentriole. Here, we show that Plk4 binding to the central coiled-coil (CC) of Ana2 is a conserved event involving Polo-box 3 and a previously unidentified putative CC located adjacent to the kinase domain. Ana2 is then phosphorylated along its length. Previous studies showed that Plk4 phosphorylates the C-terminal STil/ANa2 (STAN) domain of Ana2/STIL, triggering binding and recruitment of the cartwheel protein Sas6 to the procentriole assembly site. However, the physiological relevance of N-terminal phosphorylation was unknown. We found that Plk4 first phosphorylates the extreme N terminus of Ana2, which is critical for subsequent STAN domain modification. Phosphorylation of the central region then breaks the Plk4-Ana2 interaction. This phosphorylation pattern is important for centriole assembly and integrity because replacement of endogenous Ana2 with phospho-Ana2 mutants disrupts distinct steps in Ana2 function and inhibits centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A McLamarrah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Daniel W Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Brian J Galletta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cody J Boese
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - John M Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Natalie Ann Hollingsworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Amy E Byrnes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christopher W Brownlee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kevin C Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nasser M Rusan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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8
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Bianchi S, Rogala KB, Dynes NJ, Hilbert M, Leidel SA, Steinmetz MO, Gönczy P, Vakonakis I. Interaction between the Caenorhabditis elegans centriolar protein SAS-5 and microtubules facilitates organelle assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:722-735. [PMID: 29367435 PMCID: PMC6003225 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are microtubule-based organelles that organize the microtubule network and seed the formation of cilia and flagella. New centrioles assemble through a stepwise process dependent notably on the centriolar protein SAS-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans SAS-5 and its functional homologues in other species form oligomers that bind the centriolar proteins SAS-6 and SAS-4, thereby forming an evolutionarily conserved structural core at the onset of organelle assembly. Here, we report a novel interaction of SAS-5 with microtubules. Microtubule binding requires SAS-5 oligomerization and a disordered protein segment that overlaps with the SAS-4 binding site. Combined in vitro and in vivo analysis of select mutants reveals that the SAS-5-microtubule interaction facilitates centriole assembly in C. elegans embryos. Our findings lead us to propose that the interdependence of SAS-5 oligomerization and microtubule binding reflects an avidity mechanism, which also strengthens SAS-5 associations with other centriole components and, thus, promotes organelle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bianchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Kacper B Rogala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Dynes
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hilbert
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Vakonakis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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9
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Dzhindzhev NS, Tzolovsky G, Lipinszki Z, Abdelaziz M, Debski J, Dadlez M, Glover DM. Two-step phosphorylation of Ana2 by Plk4 is required for the sequential loading of Ana2 and Sas6 to initiate procentriole formation. Open Biol 2017; 7:170247. [PMID: 29263250 PMCID: PMC5746551 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved process of centriole duplication requires Plk4 kinase to recruit and promote interactions between Sas6 and Sas5/Ana2/STIL (respective nomenclature of worms/flies/humans). Plk4-mediated phosphorylation of Ana2/STIL in its conserved STAN motif has been shown to promote its interaction with Sas6. However, STAN motif phosphorylation is not required for recruitment of Ana2 to the centriole. Here we show that in Drosophila, Ana2 loads onto the site of procentriole formation ahead of Sas6 in a process that also requires Plk4. However, whereas Plk4 is first recruited to multiple sites around the ring of zone II at the periphery of the centriole, Ana2 is recruited to a single site in telophase before Plk4 becomes finally restricted to this same single site. When we over-ride the auto-destruction of Plk4, it remains localized to multiple sites in the outer ring of the centriole and, if catalytically active, recruits Ana2 to these sites. Thus, it is the active form of Plk4 that promotes Ana2's recruitment to the centriole. We now show that Plk4 phosphorylates Ana2 at a site other than the STAN motif, which lies in a conserved region we term the ANST (ANa2-STil) motif. Mutation of this site, S38, to a non-phosphorylatable residue prevents the procentriole loading of Ana2 and blocks centriole duplication. Thus the initiation of procentriole formation requires Plk4 to first phosphorylate a single serine residue in the ANST motif to promote Ana2's recruitment and, secondly, to phosphorylate four residues in the STAN motif enabling Ana2 to recruit Sas6. We discuss these findings in light of the multiple Plk4 phosphorylation sites on Ana2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Tzolovsky
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Zoltan Lipinszki
- MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation and Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Janus Debski
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - David M Glover
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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