1
|
Sami AB, Gatlin JC. Dynein-dependent collection of membranes defines the architecture and position of microtubule asters in isolated, geometrically confined volumes of cell-free extracts. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br20. [PMID: 35976715 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-03-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that changes in the underlying architecture of the cell's microtubule network can affect organelle organization within the cytoplasm, but it remains unclear whether the spatial arrangement of organelles reciprocally influences the microtubule network. Here we use a combination of cell-free extracts and hydrogel microenclosures to characterize the relationship between membranes and microtubules during microtubule aster centration. We found that initially disperse ER membranes are collected by the aster and compacted near its nucleating center, all while the whole ensemble moves toward the geometric center of its confining enclosure. Once there, aster microtubules adopt a bullseye pattern with a high density annular ring of microtubules surrounding the compacted membrane core of lower microtubule density. Formation of this pattern was inhibited when dynein-dependent transport was perturbed or when membranes were depleted from the extracts. Asters in membrane-depleted extracts were able to move away from the most proximal wall but failed to center in cylindrical enclosures with diameters greater than or equal to 150 µm. Taken as whole, our data suggest that the dynein-dependent transport of membranes buttresses microtubules near the aster center and that this plays an important role in modulating aster architecture and position. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse C Gatlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Cell Division & Organization Group, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jung J, Khan MM, Landry J, Halavatyi A, Machado P, Reiss M, Pepperkok R. Regulation of the COPII secretory machinery via focal adhesions and extracellular matrix signaling. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213351. [PMID: 35829701 PMCID: PMC9284426 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins that enter the secretory pathway are transported from their place of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex by COPII-coated carriers. The networks of proteins that regulate these components in response to extracellular cues have remained largely elusive. Using high-throughput microscopy, we comprehensively screened 378 cytoskeleton-associated and related proteins for their functional interaction with the coat protein complex II (COPII) components SEC23A and SEC23B. Among these, we identified a group of proteins associated with focal adhesions (FERMT2, MACF1, MAPK8IP2, NGEF, PIK3CA, and ROCK1) that led to the downregulation of SEC23A when depleted by siRNA. Changes in focal adhesions induced by plating cells on ECM also led to the downregulation of SEC23A and decreases in VSVG transport from ER to Golgi. Both the expression of SEC23A and the transport defect could be rescued by treatment with a focal adhesion kinase inhibitor. Altogether, our results identify a network of cytoskeleton-associated proteins connecting focal adhesions and ECM-related signaling with the gene expression of the COPII secretory machinery and trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jung
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Muzamil Majid Khan
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Landry
- Core Facilities Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- Core Facilities Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pedro Machado
- Core Facilities Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Reiss
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Core Facilities Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Branched Actin Maintains Acetylated Microtubule Network in the Early Secretory Pathway. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010015. [PMID: 35011578 PMCID: PMC8750537 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early secretory pathway, the delivery of anterograde cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERES) to the Golgi apparatus is a multi-step transport process occurring via the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (IC, also called ERGIC). While the role microtubules in ER-to-Golgi transport has been well established, how the actin cytoskeleton contributes to this process remains poorly understood. Here, we report that Arp2/3 inhibition affects the network of acetylated microtubules around the Golgi and induces the accumulation of unusually long RAB1/GM130-positive carriers around the centrosome. These long carriers are less prone to reach the Golgi apparatus, and arrival of anterograde cargoes to the Golgi is decreased upon Arp2/3 inhibition. Our data suggest that Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization maintains a stable network of acetylated microtubules, which ensures efficient cargo trafficking at the late stage of ER to Golgi transport.
Collapse
|
4
|
Intertwined and Finely Balanced: Endoplasmic Reticulum Morphology, Dynamics, Function, and Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092341. [PMID: 34571990 PMCID: PMC8472773 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that is responsible for many essential subcellular processes. Interconnected narrow tubules at the periphery and thicker sheet-like regions in the perinuclear region are linked to the nuclear envelope. It is becoming apparent that the complex morphology and dynamics of the ER are linked to its function. Mutations in the proteins involved in regulating ER structure and movement are implicated in many diseases including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The ER is also hijacked by pathogens to promote their replication. Bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia trachomatis, as well as the Zika virus, bind to ER morphology and dynamics-regulating proteins to exploit the functions of the ER to their advantage. This review covers our understanding of ER morphology, including the functional subdomains and membrane contact sites that the organelle forms. We also focus on ER dynamics and the current efforts to quantify ER motion and discuss the diseases related to ER morphology and dynamics.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fokin AI, Gautreau AM. Assembly and Activity of the WASH Molecular Machine: Distinctive Features at the Crossroads of the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658865. [PMID: 33869225 PMCID: PMC8047104 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex generates branched actin networks at different locations of the cell. The WASH and WAVE Nucleation Promoting Factors (NPFs) activate the Arp2/3 complex at the surface of endosomes or at the cell cortex, respectively. In this review, we will discuss how these two NPFs are controlled within distinct, yet related, multiprotein complexes. These complexes are not spontaneously assembled around WASH and WAVE, but require cellular assembly factors. The centrosome, which nucleates microtubules and branched actin, appears to be a privileged site for WASH complex assembly. The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons are both responsible for endosome shape and membrane remodeling. Motors, such as dynein, pull endosomes and extend membrane tubules along microtubule tracks, whereas branched actin pushes onto the endosomal membrane. It was recently uncovered that WASH assembles a super complex with dynactin, the major dynein activator, where the Capping Protein (CP) is exchanged from dynactin to the WASH complex. This CP swap initiates the first actin filament that primes the autocatalytic nucleation of branched actin at the surface of endosomes. Possible coordination between pushing and pulling forces in the remodeling of endosomal membranes is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem I. Fokin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Alexis M. Gautreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shomron O, Hirschberg K, Burakov A, Kamentseva R, Kornilova E, Nadezhdina E, Brodsky I. Positioning of endoplasmic reticulum exit sites around the Golgi depends on BicaudalD2 and Rab6 activity. Traffic 2020; 22:64-77. [PMID: 33314495 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in biogenesis, modification and transport of secreted and membrane proteins. The ER membranes are spread throughout the cell cytoplasm as well as the export domains known as ER exit sites (ERES). A subpopulation of ERES is centrally localized proximal to the Golgi apparatus. The significance of this subpopulation on ER-to-Golgi transport remains unclear. Transport carriers (TCs) form at the ERES via a COPII-dependent mechanism and move to Golgi on microtubule (MT) tracks. It was shown previously that ERES are distributed along MTs and undergo chaotic short-range movements and sporadic rapid long-range movements. The long-range movements of ERES are impaired by either depolymerization of MTs or inhibition of dynein, suggesting that ERES central concentration is mediated by dynein activity. We demonstrate that the processive movements of ERES are frequently coupled with the TC departure. Using the Sar1a[H79G]-induced ERES clustering at the perinuclear region, we identified BicaudalD2 (BicD2) and Rab6 as components of the dynein adaptor complex which drives perinuclear ERES concentration at the cell center. BicD2 partially colocalized with ERES and with TC. Peri-Golgi ERES localization was significantly affected by inhibition of BicD2 function with its N-terminal fragment or inhibition of Rab6 function with its dominant-negative mutant. Golgi accumulation of secretory protein was delayed by inhibition of Rab6 and BicD2. Thus, we conclude that a BicD2/Rab6 dynein adaptor is required for maintenance of Golgi-associated ERES. We propose that Golgi-associated ERES may enhance the efficiency of the ER-to-Golgi transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Shomron
- Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Koret Hirschberg
- Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anton Burakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rimma Kamentseva
- Division of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Science, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Kornilova
- Division of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Science, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Nadezhdina
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Protein Research of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Brodsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Douglas RL, Haltiwanger BM, Albisetti A, Wu H, Jeng RL, Mancuso J, Cande WZ, Welch MD. Trypanosomes have divergent kinesin-2 proteins that function differentially in flagellum biosynthesis and cell viability. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs129213. [PMID: 32503938 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.129213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness, has a flagellum that is crucial for motility, pathogenicity, and viability. In most eukaryotes, the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery drives flagellum biogenesis, and anterograde IFT requires kinesin-2 motor proteins. In this study, we investigated the function of the two T. brucei kinesin-2 proteins, TbKin2a and TbKin2b, in bloodstream form trypanosomes. We found that, compared to kinesin-2 proteins across other phyla, TbKin2a and TbKin2b show greater variation in neck, stalk and tail domain sequences. Both kinesins contributed additively to flagellar lengthening. Silencing TbKin2a inhibited cell proliferation, cytokinesis and motility, whereas silencing TbKin2b did not. TbKin2a was localized on the flagellum and colocalized with IFT components near the basal body, consistent with it performing a role in IFT. TbKin2a was also detected on the flagellar attachment zone, a specialized structure that connects the flagellum to the cell body. Our results indicate that kinesin-2 proteins in trypanosomes play conserved roles in flagellar biosynthesis and exhibit a specialized localization, emphasizing the evolutionary flexibility of motor protein function in an organism with a large complement of kinesins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Douglas
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brett M Haltiwanger
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anna Albisetti
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Haiming Wu
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert L Jeng
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joel Mancuso
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - W Zacheus Cande
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fourriere L, Jimenez AJ, Perez F, Boncompain G. The role of microtubules in secretory protein transport. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/2/jcs237016. [PMID: 31996399 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are part of the dynamic cytoskeleton network and composed of tubulin dimers. They are the main tracks used in cells to organize organelle positioning and trafficking of cargos. In this Review, we compile recent findings on the involvement of microtubules in anterograde protein transport. First, we highlight the importance of microtubules in organelle positioning. Second, we discuss the involvement of microtubules within different trafficking steps, in particular between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex, traffic through the Golgi complex itself and in post-Golgi processes. A large number of studies have assessed the involvement of microtubules in transport of cargo from the Golgi complex to the cell surface. We focus here on the role of kinesin motor proteins and protein interactions in post-Golgi transport, as well as the impact of tubulin post-translational modifications. Last, in light of recent findings, we highlight the role microtubules have in exocytosis, the final step of secretory protein transport, occurring close to focal adhesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lou Fourriere
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana Joaquina Jimenez
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Franck Perez
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Müller MT, Schempp R, Lutz A, Felder T, Felder E, Miklavc P. Interaction of microtubules and actin during the post-fusion phase of exocytosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11973. [PMID: 31427591 PMCID: PMC6700138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocytosis is the intracellular trafficking step where a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane to release vesicle content. Actin and microtubules both play a role in exocytosis; however, their interplay is not understood. Here we study the interaction of actin and microtubules during exocytosis in lung alveolar type II (ATII) cells that secrete surfactant from large secretory vesicles. Surfactant extrusion is facilitated by an actin coat that forms on the vesicle shortly after fusion pore opening. Actin coat compression allows hydrophobic surfactant to be released from the vesicle. We show that microtubules are localized close to actin coats and stay close to the coats during their compression. Inhibition of microtubule polymerization by colchicine and nocodazole affected the kinetics of actin coat formation and the extent of actin polymerisation on fused vesicles. In addition, microtubule and actin cross-linking protein IQGAP1 localized to fused secretory vesicles and IQGAP1 silencing influenced actin polymerisation after vesicle fusion. This study demonstrates that microtubules can influence actin coat formation and actin polymerization on secretory vesicles during exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tabitha Müller
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schempp
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anngrit Lutz
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Felder
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edward Felder
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pika Miklavc
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, M54WT, Salford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saraste J, Marie M. Intermediate compartment (IC): from pre-Golgi vacuoles to a semi-autonomous membrane system. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:407-430. [PMID: 30173361 PMCID: PMC6182704 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite its discovery more than three decades ago and well-established role in protein sorting and trafficking in the early secretory pathway, the intermediate compartment (IC) has remained enigmatic. The prevailing view is that the IC evolved as a specialized organelle to mediate long-distance endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi communication in metazoan cells, but is lacking in other eukaryotes, such as plants and fungi. However, this distinction is difficult to reconcile with the high conservation of the core machineries that regulate early secretory trafficking from yeast to man. Also, it has remained unclear whether the pleiomorphic IC components—vacuoles, tubules and vesicles—represent transient transport carriers or building blocks of a permanent pre-Golgi organelle. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that the IC maintains its compositional, structural and spatial properties throughout the cell cycle, supporting a model that combines the dynamic and stable aspects of the organelle. Moreover, the IC has been assigned novel functions, such as cell signaling, Golgi-independent trafficking and autophagy. The emerging permanent nature of the IC and its connections with the centrosome and the endocytic recycling system encourage reconsideration of its relationship with the Golgi ribbon, role in Golgi biogenesis and ubiquitous presence in eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Saraste
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Michaël Marie
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schroeder CM, Vale RD. Assembly and activation of dynein-dynactin by the cargo adaptor protein Hook3. J Cell Biol 2017; 214:309-18. [PMID: 27482052 PMCID: PMC4970328 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoan dynein moves processively with the aid of dynactin and the endosomal cargo adaptor Hook3. A structure–function study of Hook3 reveals how it assembles dynein with dynactin and suggests that an additional step of allosteric activation is required beyond complex assembly. Metazoan cytoplasmic dynein moves processively along microtubules with the aid of dynactin and an adaptor protein that joins dynein and dynactin into a stable ternary complex. Here, we examined how Hook3, a cargo adaptor involved in Golgi and endosome transport, forms a motile dynein–dynactin complex. We show that the conserved Hook domain interacts directly with the dynein light intermediate chain 1 (LIC1). By solving the crystal structure of the Hook domain and using structure-based mutagenesis, we identify two conserved surface residues that are each critical for LIC1 binding. Hook proteins with mutations in these residues fail to form a stable dynein–dynactin complex, revealing a crucial role for LIC1 in this interaction. We also identify a region of Hook3 specifically required for an allosteric activation of processive motility. Our work reveals the structural details of Hook3’s interaction with dynein and offers insight into how cargo adaptors form processive dynein–dynactin motor complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Schroeder
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ronald D Vale
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elkis Y, Bel S, Rahimi R, Lerer-Goldstein T, Levin-Zaidman S, Babushkin T, Shpungin S, Nir U. TMF/ARA160 Governs the Dynamic Spatial Orientation of the Golgi Apparatus during Sperm Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145277. [PMID: 26701263 PMCID: PMC4689540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TMF/ARA160 is known to be a TATA element Modulatory Factor (TMF). It was initially identified as a DNA-binding factor and a coactivator of the Androgen receptor. It was also characterized as a Golgi-associated protein, which is essential for acrosome formation during functional sperm development. However, the molecular roles of TMF in this intricate process have not been revealed. Here, we show that during spermiogenesis, TMF undergoes a dynamic change of localization throughout the Golgi apparatus. Specifically, TMF translocates from the cis-Golgi to the trans-Golgi network and to the emerging vesicles surface, as the round spermatids develop. Notably, lack of TMF led to an abnormal spatial orientation of the Golgi and to the deviation of the trans-Golgi surface away from the nucleus of the developing round spermatids. Concomitantly, pro-acrosomal vesicles derived from the TMF-/- Golgi lacked targeting properties and did not tether to the spermatid nuclear membrane thereby failing to form the acrosome anchoring scaffold, the acroplaxome, around the cell-nucleus. Absence of TMF also perturbed the positioning of microtubules, which normally lie in proximity to the Golgi and are important for maintaining Golgi spatial orientation and dynamics and for chromatoid body formation, which is impaired in TMF-/- spermatids. In-silico evaluation combined with molecular and electron microscopic analyses revealed the presence of a microtubule interacting domain (MIT) in TMF, and confirmed the association of TMF with microtubules in spermatogenic cells. Furthermore, the MIT domain in TMF, along with microtubules integrity, are required for stable association of TMF with the Golgi apparatus. Collectively, we show here for the first time that a Golgi and microtubules associated protein is crucial for maintaining proper Golgi orientation during a cell developmental process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Elkis
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Shai Bel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Roni Rahimi
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Tali Lerer-Goldstein
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Tatiana Babushkin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Sally Shpungin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Uri Nir
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jaarsma D, Hoogenraad CC. Cytoplasmic dynein and its regulatory proteins in Golgi pathology in nervous system disorders. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:397. [PMID: 26578860 PMCID: PMC4620150 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a dynamic organelle involved in processing and sorting of lipids and proteins. In neurons, the Golgi apparatus is important for the development of axons and dendrites and maintenance of their highly complex polarized morphology. The motor protein complex cytoplasmic dynein has an important role in Golgi apparatus positioning and function. Together, with dynactin and other regulatory factors it drives microtubule minus-end directed motility of Golgi membranes. Inhibition of dynein results in fragmentation and dispersion of the Golgi ribbon in the neuronal cell body, resembling the Golgi abnormalities observed in some neurodegenerative disorders, in particular motor neuron diseases. Mutations in dynein and its regulatory factors, including the dynactin subunit p150Glued, BICD2 and Lis-1, are associated with several human nervous system disorders, including cortical malformation and motor neuropathy. Here we review the role of dynein and its regulatory factors in Golgi function and positioning, and the potential role of dynein malfunction in causing Golgi apparatus abnormalities in nervous system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dick Jaarsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fokin AI, Brodsky IB, Burakov AV, Nadezhdina ES. Interaction of early secretory pathway and Golgi membranes with microtubules and microtubule motors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:879-93. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|