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Regalado Fernández OR, Parsi-Pour P, Nyakatura JA, Wyneken J, Werneburg I. Correlations between local geoclimatic variables and hatchling body size in the sea turtles Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 39143507 PMCID: PMC11325825 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been widely demonstrated that air and sand temperatures influence the anatomy of sea turtle hatchlings. We examined the impact of precipitation during the nesting season on the hatchling body size of loggerhead and green turtles from 37 beaches worldwide. Longitudinal data collected between 2012 and 2018 from Florida (US) and from a sample on Bõa Vista Island (Cabo Verde) carried out in 2019 showed that loggerhead body size at hatching was negatively correlated with precipitation, while precipitation was not correlated with hatchling body size in green turtles. A meta-analysis revealed that precipitation is positively correlated with hatchling mass in loggerhead turtles, while it is positively correlated with straight carapace length and width in green turtle hatchlings. The strongest influence of precipitation was found in the middle of the incubation period of loggerhead turtles in Cabo Verde, and we posit that this is due to an increase in the uptake of water for embryonic growth. These findings highlight the great importance of understanding the correlated effects of regional environmental variables, such as precipitation, on the development of sea turtle hatchlings and will have an impact on the evaluation of ongoing conservation and climate change discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rafael Regalado Fernández
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment an der Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften an der Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, Tübingen, 72074, Germany.
| | - Parima Parsi-Pour
- AG Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut Für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 12 (Haus 2), Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - John A Nyakatura
- AG Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut Für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 12 (Haus 2), Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | | | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment an der Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften an der Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, Tübingen, 72074, Germany.
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2
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Labastida-Estrada E, González-Cortés L, Karam-Martínez SG, Montoya-Márquez JA, Zúñiga-Marroquín T, Becerril-Morales F, Islas-Villanueva V. Influence of incubation temperature, maternal effects, and paternity on quality of olive ridley hatchlings (Lepidochelys olivacea) from a mass-nesting beach in the Mexican Pacific. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:563-577. [PMID: 38470019 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Future climate change scenarios project that the increase in surface temperatures will affect ocean temperatures, inducing shifts in marine biodiversity. Sea turtles are species that are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change because temperature is a factor that influences embryonic development. We collected clutches of olive ridley turtles from a mass-nesting beach in the Mexican Pacific, which were incubated in ex situ conditions. When the hatchlings emerged, we measured the body condition index-which evaluates the weight-length relationship-and swim thrust, both were considered traits associated with fitness, termed "fitness proxies," and evaluated the effects of incubation temperature, maternal effects, and paternity on these fitness proxies. The body condition index was correlated positively and significantly with the arribada month and temperature during the last third of the incubation period but showed an inverse relationship with the maternal effect. While swim thrust was positively correlated with the maternal effect and the arribada month, there was an inverse relationship with incubation temperature during the first third of the period. Paternity, whether single or multiple, did not have a significant effect on either fitness proxies; however, it may have effects on the average fitness of a population of hatchlings. These results underscore the need to expand research on the sublethal effects of high incubation temperatures on the adaptation and survival of sea turtles, particularly in scenarios of rapid climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Labastida-Estrada
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias: Ecología Marina, Universidad del Mar campus Puerto Ángel. Ciudad Universitaria, San Pedro Pochutla, Oaxaca, México
| | - Liliana González-Cortés
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias: Ecología Marina, Universidad del Mar campus Puerto Ángel. Ciudad Universitaria, San Pedro Pochutla, Oaxaca, México
| | - Samantha G Karam-Martínez
- Instituto de Recursos, Universidad del Mar campus Puerto Ángel. Ciudad Universitaria, San Pedro Pochutla, Oaxaca, México
| | - José Alberto Montoya-Márquez
- Instituto de Recursos, Universidad del Mar campus Puerto Ángel. Ciudad Universitaria, San Pedro Pochutla, Oaxaca, México
| | - Tania Zúñiga-Marroquín
- Instituto de Agroingeniería, Universidad del Papaloapan campus Loma Bonita, Avenida Ferrocarril, Ciudad Universitaria, Loma Bonita, Oaxaca, México
| | - Felipe Becerril-Morales
- Instituto de Agroingeniería, Universidad del Papaloapan campus Loma Bonita, Avenida Ferrocarril, Ciudad Universitaria, Loma Bonita, Oaxaca, México
| | - Valentina Islas-Villanueva
- Instituto de Genética, CONAHCYT-Universidad del Mar campus Puerto Ángel. Ciudad Universitaria, San Pedro Pochutla, Oaxaca, México
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3
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Maneja RH, Miller JD, Flint JB, Alcaria JFA, Basali AU, Flandez AVB, Gopalan J, Duraisamy T, Abrogueña JBR, Bawazier AA, Das PB, Manokaran S, Asiri YY, Qasem A, Asfahani K, Qurban MAB. Extreme conditions reduce hatching success of green turtles (Chelonia mydas L.) at Karan Island, the major nesting site in the Arabian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114801. [PMID: 36965265 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Survival in the early life stages is a major factor determining the growth and stability of wildlife populations. For sea turtles, nest location must provide favorable conditions to support embryonic development. Hatching success and incubation environment of green turtle eggs were examined in July 2019 at Karan Island, a major nesting site for the species in the Arabian Gulf. Mean hatching success averaged at 38.8 % (range = 2.5-75.0 %, n = 14). Eggs that suffered early embryonic death (EED) and late embryonic death (LED) represented 19.8 % (range: 3.3-64.2 %) and 41.4 % (range: 4.8-92.6 %) of the clutch on average, respectively. Nest sand was either coarse (0.5-1 mm: mean 44.8 %, range = 30.4-56.9 % by dry weight, n = 14) or medium (0.25-0.5 mm: mean 33.6 %, range = 12.0-45.5 % by dry weight, n = 14). Mean sand moisture (4.0 %, range = 3.2-4.9 %, n = 14) was at the lower margin for successful development. Hatching success was significantly higher in clutches with sand salinity <1500 EC.uS/cm (n = 5) than those above 2500 EC.uS/cm (n = 5). Mean clutch temperatures at 1200 h increased by an average of 5.4 °C during the 50-d post-oviposition from 31.2 °C to 36.6 °C. Embryos experienced lethally high temperatures in addition to impacts of other environmental factors (salinity, moisture, sand grain size), which was related to reduced hatching success. Conservation initiatives must consider the synergistic influence of the above parameters in formulating strategies to improve the overall resilience of the green turtle population in the Arabian Gulf to anthropogenic and climate change-related stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Maneja
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - J D Miller
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - J B Flint
- One Welfare and Sustainability Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OH, USA
| | - J F A Alcaria
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - A U Basali
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - A V B Flandez
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Gopalan
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Duraisamy
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - J B R Abrogueña
- Environmental Protection and Control Department, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Jazan City for Primary and Downstream Industries, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Bawazier
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - P B Das
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Manokaran
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Y Y Asiri
- Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Qasem
- Environmental Protection Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Asfahani
- Environmental Protection Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A B Qurban
- National Center for Wildlife, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Morphologic and physiologic characteristics of green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchlings in southeastern Florida, USA. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:751-764. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Gatto CR, Reina RD. A review of the effects of incubation conditions on hatchling phenotypes in non-squamate reptiles. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:207-233. [PMID: 35142902 PMCID: PMC8894305 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing embryos of oviparous reptiles show substantial plasticity in their responses to environmental conditions during incubation, which can include altered sex ratios, morphology, locomotor performance and hatching success. While recent research and reviews have focused on temperature during incubation, emerging evidence suggests other environmental variables are also important in determining hatchling phenotypes. Understanding how the external environment influences development is important for species management and requires identifying how environmental variables exert their effects individually, and how they interact to affect developing embryos. To address this knowledge gap, we review the literature on phenotypic responses in oviparous non-squamate (i.e., turtles, crocodilians and tuataras) reptile hatchlings to temperature, moisture, oxygen concentration and salinity. We examine how these variables influence one another and consider how changes in each variable alters incubation conditions and thus, hatchling phenotypes. We explore how incubation conditions drive variation in hatchling phenotypes and influence adult populations. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Gatto
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Richard D Reina
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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6
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Gatto CR, Jones TT, Imlach B, Reina RD. Ontogeny and ecological significance of metabolic rates in sea turtle hatchlings. Front Zool 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 35123495 PMCID: PMC8818257 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-022-00451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sea turtle hatchlings must avoid numerous predators during dispersal from their nesting beaches to foraging grounds. Hatchlings minimise time spent in predator-dense neritic waters by swimming almost continuously for approximately the first 24 h post-emergence, termed the ‘frenzy’. Post-frenzy, hatchling activity gradually declines as they swim in less predator-dense pelagic waters. It is well documented that hatchlings exhibit elevated metabolic rates during the frenzy to power their almost continuous swimming, but studies on post-frenzy MRs are sparse. Results We measured the frenzy and post-frenzy oxygen consumption of hatchlings of five species of sea turtle at different activity levels and ages to compare the ontogeny of mass-specific hatchling metabolic rates. Maximal metabolic rates were always higher than resting metabolic rates, but metabolic rates during routine swimming resembled resting metabolic rates in leatherback turtle hatchlings during the frenzy and post-frenzy, and in loggerhead hatchlings during the post-frenzy. Crawling metabolic rates did not differ among species, but green turtles had the highest metabolic rates during frenzy and post-frenzy swimming. Conclusions Differences in metabolic rate reflect the varying dispersal stratagems of each species and have important implications for dispersal ability, yolk consumption and survival. Our results provide the foundations for links between the physiology and ecology of dispersal of sea turtles.
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7
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Yao YT, Du Y, Pan JX, Lin CX, Ji X, You WH. Incubating green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs at constant temperatures: Hatching success, hatchling morphology and post-hatch growth. J Therm Biol 2022; 104:103182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Morphometrics and blood analytes of leatherback sea turtle hatchlings (Dermochelys coriacea) from Florida: reference intervals, temporal trends with clutch deposition date, and body size correlations. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:313-324. [PMID: 34997274 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The northwest Atlantic leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) population is exhibiting decreasing trends along numerous nesting beaches. Since population health and viability are inherently linked, it is important to establish species- and life-stage class-specific blood analyte reference intervals (RIs) so that effects of future disturbances on organismal health can be better understood. For hatchling leatherbacks, the objectives of this study were to (1) establish RIs for morphometrics and blood analytes; (2) evaluate correlations between hatchling morphometrics, blood analytes, and hatching success; and (3) determine temporal trends in hatchling morphometrics and blood analytes across nesting season. Blood samples were collected from 176 naturally emerging leatherback hatchlings from 18 clutches. Reference intervals were established for morphometrics and blood analytes. Negative relationships were noted between hatchling mass and packed cell volume, total white blood cells, heterophils, lymphocytes, and total protein and between body condition index (BCI) and immature red blood cells (RBC), RBC polychromasia and anisocytosis, and total protein. Clutch deposition date showed positive relationships with lymphocytes and total protein, and negative relationships with hatchling mass and BCI. Hatching success was positively correlated with mass, and negatively with total protein and glucose, suggesting that nutritional provisions in eggs, incubation time, and/or metabolic rates could change later in the season and affect survivorship. These various observed correlations provide evidence for increased physiological stress (e.g., inflammation, subclinical dehydration) in hatchlings emerging later in nesting season, presumably due to increased nest temperatures or other environmental factors (e.g., moisture/rainfall). Data reported herein provide morphometric and blood analyte data for leatherback hatchlings and will allow for future investigations into spatiotemporal trends and responses to various stressors.
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Matthews BL, Gatto CR, Reina RD. Effects of moisture during incubation on green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) development, morphology and performance. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While the effect of temperature on embryonic development in sea turtles has been well studied over recent years, our understanding of the effect of substrate moisture, another important environmental variable, is limited. High sand moisture decreases nest temperature through evaporative and direct cooling during rainfall, but its direct effect on hatchling development, morphology and performance is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we incubated 40 green sea turtle Chelonia mydas clutches in a beach hatchery under either high (~8% v/v) or low (~5% v/v) sand moisture concentrations for the duration of embryonic development. In half of the clutches, temperature sensors were deployed to measure any effect of sand moisture on nest temperature. As hatchlings emerged, we measured body size and locomotory performance during the first 24 h, an important period of frenzied activity for sea turtles. We excavated clutches post-emergence to determine hatching success, emergence success and to determine the stage of embryonic death for unsuccessful eggs. High moisture concentrations increased incubation duration, decreased nest temperature and had marginal effects on hatchling morphology, but no effect on hatching success, stage of embryonic death, crawling speed or initial swimming performance. However, after 24 h of swimming, hatchlings from high-moisture clutches produced less mean swim thrust and spent less time powerstroking than hatchlings from low-moisture clutches, suggesting reduced swimming endurance and potentially impacting the ability of hatchlings to successfully disperse. The effect of moisture on nest temperature and hatchling endurance highlights the importance of considering rainfall patterns when predicting future impacts of climate change on sea turtle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- BL Matthews
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - CR Gatto
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - RD Reina
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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10
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Kang CQ, Meng QY, Dang W, Lu HL. Divergent incubation temperature effects on thermal sensitivity of hatchling performance in two different latitudinal populations of an invasive turtle. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103079. [PMID: 34503815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incubation temperature for embryonic development affects several aspects of hatchling performance, but its impact on the thermal sensitivity of performance attributes remains poorly investigated. In the present study, Trachemys scripta elegans hatchlings from two different latitudinal populations were collected to assess the effects of different incubation temperatures on the locomotor (swimming speed) and physiological (heart rate) performances, and the thermal sensitivity of these two attributes. The incubation temperature significantly affected the examined physiological traits. Hatchling turtles produced at low incubation temperature exhibited relatively higher cold tolerance (lower body temperatures at which the animals lose the ability to escape from the lethal conditions), and reduced heart rate and swimming speed. Furthermore, the effect of incubation temperature on the thermal sensitivity of swimming speed differed between the low- and high-latitude populations. At relatively high incubation temperatures, the high-latitude hatchling turtles exhibited reduced thermal sensitivities of swimming speed than those of the low-latitude ones. Reduced thermal sensitivity of locomotor performance together with high cold tolerance, exhibited by the high-latitude hatchling turtles potentially reflected local adaptation to relatively colder and more thermally-variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Quan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Qin-Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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Pusapati C, Manoharakrishnan M, Phillott AD, Shanker K. Effect of Hatchery Nest Environment on Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) Hatchling Performance. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1450.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Pusapati
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Plot 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India []
| | | | - Andrea D. Phillott
- Dakshin Foundation, 1818, 9th Cross, 5th Main, Sahakar Nagar B block, Bangalore 560092, Karnataka, India []
| | - Kartik Shanker
- Dakshin Foundation, 1818, 9th Cross, 5th Main, Sahakar Nagar B block, Bangalore 560092, Karnataka, India []
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García-Grajales J, Meraz-Hernando J, Arcos García J, Ramírez-Fuentes E. Influence of nest temperature on morphology of Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) hatchlings incubated in hatcheries in Oaxaca, Mexico. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of nest incubation temperatures on carapace shape and morphological traits of Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761)) hatchlings incubated in two hatcheries in Oaxaca, Mexico, was evaluated. This study was carried out from October 2016 through May 2017. On each beach, there are community groups consisting of volunteers not affiliated with universities who protect and relocate the nests to increase hatching success. In each translocated nest, a data logger was placed in the centre of the egg mass. Hatchlings were collected as they emerged from each nest. The carapaces of the hatchlings were photographed and subjected to geometric morphometric analysis; also, hatchlings were weighed and their bodies measured. The mean temperature of 12 nests in each hatchery was recorded, with no significant differences between hatcheries. The principal component analysis revealed an overlapping of the carapace shape under different temperature durations. Temperature had a significant influence on hatchling morphology. Higher mean incubation temperatures produced hatchlings with low mass, smaller appendages, narrower carapace widths, and shorter flipper lengths. Lower mean incubation temperatures produced hatchlings with greater mass, wider appendage widths, wider carapace widths, and longer flipper lengths. Results indicate that the Leatherback hatchlings incubated in hatcheries demonstrate morphology that varies in relation to nest incubation temperature in a similar way to hatchlings produced in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. García-Grajales
- Instituto de Recursos, Univesidad del Mar, Km. 2.5, Carretera Federal Puerto Escondido – Sola de Vega, Puerto Escondido 71980, Oaxaca, México
| | - J.F. Meraz-Hernando
- Instituto de Recursos, Univesidad del Mar, Km. 2.5, Carretera Federal Puerto Escondido – Sola de Vega, Puerto Escondido 71980, Oaxaca, México
| | - J.L. Arcos García
- Instituto de Industrias, Univesidad del Mar, Km. 2.5, Carretera Federal Puerto Escondido – Sola de Vega, Puerto Escondido 71980, Oaxaca, México
| | - E. Ramírez-Fuentes
- Instituto de Recursos, Univesidad del Mar, Km. 2.5, Carretera Federal Puerto Escondido – Sola de Vega, Puerto Escondido 71980, Oaxaca, México
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Patrício AR, Hawkes LA, Monsinjon JR, Godley BJ, Fuentes MMPB. Climate change and marine turtles: recent advances and future directions. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a threat to marine turtles that is expected to affect all of their life stages. To guide future research, we conducted a review of the most recent literature on this topic, highlighting knowledge gains and research gaps since a similar previous review in 2009. Most research has been focussed on the terrestrial life history phase, where expected impacts will range from habitat loss and decreased reproductive success to feminization of populations, but changes in reproductive periodicity, shifts in latitudinal ranges, and changes in foraging success are all expected in the marine life history phase. Models have been proposed to improve estimates of primary sex ratios, while technological advances promise a better understanding of how climate can influence different life stages and habitats. We suggest a number of research priorities for an improved understanding of how climate change may impact marine turtles, including: improved estimates of primary sex ratios, assessments of the implications of female-biased sex ratios and reduced male production, assessments of the variability in upper thermal limits of clutches, models of beach sediment movement under sea level rise, and assessments of impacts on foraging grounds. Lastly, we suggest that it is not yet possible to recommend manipulating aspects of turtle nesting ecology, as the evidence base with which to understand the results of such interventions is not robust enough, but that strategies for mitigation of stressors should be helpful, providing they consider the synergistic effects of climate change and other anthropogenic-induced threats to marine turtles, and focus on increasing resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- AR Patrício
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - LA Hawkes
- Hatherley Laboratories, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Streatham Campus, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - JR Monsinjon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa
| | - BJ Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - MMPB Fuentes
- Marine Turtle Research, Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Clarke LJ, Elliot RL, Abella‐Perez E, Jenkins SR, Marco A, Martins S, Hawkes LA. Low‐cost tools mitigate climate change during reproduction in an endangered marine ectotherm. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo J. Clarke
- School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Anglesey UK
| | | | - Elena Abella‐Perez
- Estacion Biologica de Donana (CSIC) Sevilla Spain
- BIOS.CVSal Rei Boavista Republic of Cape Verde
| | | | - Adolfo Marco
- Estacion Biologica de Donana (CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | | | - Lucy A. Hawkes
- Hatherley Laboratories College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
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15
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Mazlan NA, Booth DT, Rusli MU. Testing the validity of using raceway and swimway performance in sea turtle hatchlings as an index of real-life crawling and swimming performance. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr21029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Beltrán I, Durand V, Loiseleur R, Whiting MJ. Effect of early thermal environment on the morphology and performance of a lizard species with bimodal reproduction. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:795-809. [PMID: 32951106 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Early developmental environments influence life-history traits and survival of reptiles. In fact, rising global temperatures have already caused widespread extinctions among lizards. Viviparous species might be more susceptible to increasing temperatures because of their inability to meet their energetic demands following rapid environmental changes. Nevertheless, we do not yet fully understand how lizards with different reproductive modes can respond to climate change. We investigated the effect of both maternal thermal environment during pregnancy and incubation temperature on hatchling morphology and physiological performance of two populations of the lizard Saiphos equalis differing in their mode of reproduction, to test whether reproductive mode affects the ability to buffer against rising temperatures. Gravid females from both populations were subjected to current or projected end-of-century (future) thermal environments, to evaluate differences in the body size, growth rate, thermal preference, and locomotor performance of their offspring. Our results show that independently of the mode of reproduction, high temperatures accelerated gestation periods. Thermal environments did not affect hatchling thermal preference, but viviparous hatchlings consistently preferred lower temperatures. Unlike viviparous lizards, oviparous hatchlings incubated under future temperatures were smaller and had a lower growth rate compared to current-incubated hatchlings. Finally, thermal environments did not affect hatchling endurance and speed when controlling for body size. Our results show that global warming is likely to have a negative impact on S. equalis, but suggest that some of its effects may be ameliorated by maternal responses during pregnancy, particularly in viviparous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Beltrán
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Victorien Durand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of the Sciences of Life, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Alsace, France
| | - Rebecca Loiseleur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of the Sciences of Life, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Alsace, France
| | - Martin J Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Tanabe LK, Ellis J, Elsadek I, Berumen ML. Potential feminization of Red Sea turtle hatchlings as indicated by in situ sand temperature profiles. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey K. Tanabe
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanne Ellis
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
- School of Biological Sciences Waikato University Tauranga New Zealand
| | - Islam Elsadek
- Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Ministry of Environment Hurghada Egypt
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
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18
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Banerjee SM, Frey A, Kurle CM, Perrault JR, Stewart KR. Morphological variation in leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) hatchlings at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, US Virgin Islands. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding species’ mating systems provides important information about their ecology, life history, and behavior. Direct observations of mating behaviors can be challenging, but molecular techniques can reveal information about mating systems and paternal identity in difficult-to-observe species such as sea turtles. Genetic markers can be used to assess the paternity of a clutch and to assign hatchlings to a father. Leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea sometimes mate with multiple individuals, resulting in clutches with mixed paternity; however, the effects of multiple paternity on hatchling quality are unclear. Leatherback hatchlings at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, exhibit visible variation in individual body size, sometimes within the same clutch. We collected morphometrics and tissue samples from hatchlings across multiple nesting seasons (2009, 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2016) and found that hatchlings exhibited small but statistically significant differences in morphometrics between years. We used maternal and hatchling microsatellite genotypes to reconstruct paternal genotypes, assigning fathers to each hatchling. We found multiple paternity in 5 of 17 clutches analyzed and compared differences in morphometrics between full-siblings with differences between half-siblings. We found no significant differences between morphometrics of hatchlings from the same mother but different fathers. We compared within-clutch variances in morphometrics for clutches with and without multiple paternity and found no significant difference in morphological variation between them. Therefore, we could not attribute differences in hatchling size within a clutch to paternal contribution. Understanding other factors affecting hatchling morphology, and other possible fitness metrics, may reveal insights into the benefits, or lack thereof, of polyandry in sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- SM Banerjee
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, ORCID: 0000-0003-1210-2162
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A Frey
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - CM Kurle
- Division of Biological Sciences, Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, ORCID: 0000-0003-1121-9924
| | - JR Perrault
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, Juno Beach, FL 33408, USA, ORCID: 0000-0002-5046-6701
| | - KR Stewart
- The Ocean Foundation, Washington, DC 20036, USA, ORCID: 0000-0002-8673-5192
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19
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Fleming KA, Perrault JR, Stacy NI, Coppenrath CM, Gainsbury AM. Heat, health and hatchlings: associations of in situ nest temperatures with morphological and physiological characteristics of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings from Florida. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa046. [PMID: 32523697 PMCID: PMC7269062 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Incubation temperatures, in addition to an embryo's genetic makeup, are critical in many aspects of adequate sea turtle embryonic development. The effects of high and low incubation temperatures on hatchling quality have been previously examined; however, many of these studies were conducted on relocated or laboratory-reared nests, which do not accurately reflect natural nest temperature fluctuations. To observe the impacts of varying in situ incubation temperatures on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchling morphology, various health variables and locomotor performance, temperature data loggers were deployed in 15 loggerhead nests on Juno Beach, Florida, between May and July 2018. Over the course of the study period, 10 morphological traits were measured, blood analytes and heart rate were assessed for the establishment of reference intervals and the self-righting response in seawater was evaluated. Warmer months were associated with smaller body size and higher body condition index, larger umbilical scar size, slower righting time, lower heart rates and higher packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total solids, total white blood cell count, absolute heterophils and absolute basophils. These findings provide evidence that higher in situ incubation temperatures have the potential to adversely affect hatchlings from warmer nests due to increased risk of predation from smaller body sizes, decreased physical responses and overall fitness, altered hemodynamic balance (e.g. dehydration) and potential inflammation and/or stress. With rising temperatures, we predict sea turtle hatchlings may have increasing risks of developing suboptimal physiological features affecting overall fitness and ultimately survival. These results demonstrate that rising environmental temperatures can negatively impact sea turtle hatchlings, thus representing additional stress on sea turtle populations and contributing to our understanding of potential pathophysiological effects of climate change on the delicate life-stage class of the sea turtle hatchling. This information will be useful for formulating effective future sea turtle management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Fleming
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | | | - Nicole I Stacy
- Aquatic, Amphibian, and Reptile Pathology Program, Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | | | - Alison M Gainsbury
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
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20
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Maffucci F, Pace A, Affuso A, Ciampa M, Treglia G, Pignalosa A, Hochscheid S. Carapace scute pattern anomalies in the loggerhead turtle: are they indicative of hatchling’s survival probability? J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Maffucci
- IMOM Unit RIMAR Department Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples Italy
| | - A. Pace
- Marine Turtle Research Center Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Portici Italy
| | - A. Affuso
- Marine Turtle Research Center Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Portici Italy
| | - M. Ciampa
- Marine Turtle Research Center Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Portici Italy
| | - G. Treglia
- Marine Turtle Research Center Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Portici Italy
| | - A. Pignalosa
- Marine Turtle Research Center Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Portici Italy
| | - S. Hochscheid
- Marine Turtle Research Center Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Portici Italy
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21
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Staines MN, Booth DT, Limpus CJ. Microclimatic effects on the incubation success, hatchling morphology and locomotor performance of marine turtles. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Incubation and water temperatures influence the performances of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings during the dispersal phase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11911. [PMID: 30093615 PMCID: PMC6085310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial manipulation of incubation temperature has been proposed as a potential strategy for mitigating the effects of climate change on sea turtles for which sex determination is temperature-dependent, but thermal manipulation may also affect hatchling survival. Here, we demonstrated that incubation and water temperatures influenced several performance traits that contribute to the survival of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) during the post-hatchling dispersal phase. Hatchlings from warm incubation temperatures (31 °C) had significantly shorter incubation periods, higher initial swimming performance, lower sustained swimming performance, and lower growth rates during the first three weeks post-hatching, as well as higher blood glucose concentrations, than those from cool incubation temperatures (27.5 °C). Hatchlings in warm water temperatures (30 °C) exhibited significantly greater swimming performance than those in cool water temperatures (27 °C). Our results indicated that altering incubation temperatures indirectly influences the survival of loggerhead hatchlings by modifying their swimming performance and growth rates, which may affect hatchling predator-avoidance capability. Moreover, thermal manipulation may alter the incubation period, exposing hatchling to water temperatures that they would not otherwise normally experience, which may affect swimming performance. Our results suggest that such conservation strategies may influence their survival, and thus should be carefully considered.
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23
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Booth DT, Dunstan A. A preliminary investigation into the early embryo death syndrome (EEDS) at the world's largest green turtle rookery. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195462. [PMID: 29694365 PMCID: PMC5918617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Raine Island hosts the largest nesting aggregation of green turtles in the world, but nest emergence success and hence recruitment of hatchlings off the beach appear to have significantly declined since the 1990s. Nests destroyed by subsequent nesting turtles, and nest failure due to flooding account for most of the nest failure, but many nests still have poor hatch success even when undisturbed and flood-free. In undisturbed, flood-free nests that experience high mortality, embryos typically die at a very early stage of development, a phenomenon we term early embryo death syndrome (EEDS). Previous research indicates that EEDS is correlated with the number of females nesting at Raine Island during a nesting season. Here, we monitor nest temperature and oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) partial pressures during the first week after nest construction to discover if they are associated with EEDS. Our investigation found that the proportion of early embryo death was greatest in two nests that experienced the highest nest temperature, lowest PO2 and highest PCO2 during the first week of incubation suggesting that these variables either by themselves or in combination may be the underlying cause of EEDS. These two nests were located adjacent to maturing nests, so the high temperature and more extreme PO2s and PCO2s are most likely to be caused by the combined metabolism of embryos in the mature nests. Although this conclusion is based on just two nests and needs to be substantiated in future studies, it would appear that the laying of new nests in the close location to mature nests could be a significant cause of hatch failure at high density nesting sea turtle rookeries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Terrington Booth
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew Dunstan
- Queensland Government Department of National Parks, Sports and Racing, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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24
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Hatase H, Omuta K, Itou K, Komatsu T. Effect of maternal foraging habitat on offspring quality in the loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3543-3555. [PMID: 29607045 PMCID: PMC5869213 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring a trade‐off between quantity and quality of offspring allows differences in the fitness between alternative life histories to be accurately evaluated. We addressed the mechanism that maintains alternative life histories (small oceanic planktivores vs. large neritic benthivores) observed in a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) population, which has been suggested to be environmental, based on the lack of genetic structure and a large difference in reproductive output. We examined whether maternal foraging habitat affects offspring quality, by measuring the morphology, emergence success, and righting response of hatchlings following incubation in a common open sand area over the whole nesting season at Yakushima Island, Japan, and by recording early growth and survival of offspring that were reared in a common environment at a Japanese aquarium. Furthermore, we tested whether sea turtles adjust egg size in response to temporal shifts of the incubation environment. There were no significant differences in any hatchling traits between oceanic and neritic foragers (which were classified by stable isotope ratios), except for clutches laid during the warmest period of the nesting season. There were also no significant differences in the growth and survival of offspring originating from the two foragers. The size of eggs from both foragers significantly increased as the season progressed, even though the rookery had heavy rainfall, negating the need to counteract heat‐related reduction in hatchling morphology. In comparison, the sizes of adult body and clutches from both foragers did not vary significantly. The results further support our previous suggestions that the size‐related foraging dichotomy exhibited by adult sea turtles does not have a genetic basis, but derives from phenotypic plasticity. Adjustment in reproductive investment may be associated with: (1) predation avoidance, (2) founder effect, and/or (3) annual variation in egg size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hatase
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Omuta
- Yakushima Sea Turtle Research Group Yakushima Kagoshima Japan
| | | | - Teruhisa Komatsu
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba Japan.,Present address: Department of Commerce Yokohama College of Commerce Tsurumi, Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
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25
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Stewart TA, Booth DT, Rusli MU. Influence of sand grain size and nest microenvironment on incubation success, hatchling morphology and locomotion performance of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at the Chagar Hutang Turtle Sanctuary, Redang Island, Malaysia. AUST J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/zo19025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The nest microenvironment affects hatching and emergence success, sex ratios, morphology, and locomotion performance of hatchling sea turtles. Sand grain size is hypothesised to influence the nest microenvironment, but the influence of sand grain size on incubation of sea turtle eggs has rarely been experimentally tested. At the Chagar Hutang Turtle Sanctuary, Redang Island, Malaysia, green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nests were relocated to sands with different sand grain sizes on a natural beach to assess whether grain size affects nest temperature, oxygen partial pressure inside the nest, incubation success, hatchling morphology and hatchling locomotion performance. Green turtle nests in coarse sand were cooler; however, hatching success, nest emergence success, oxygen partial pressure, incubation length and hatchling size were not influenced by sand particle size. Nests in medium-grained sands were warmest, and hatchlings from these nests were better self-righters but poorer crawlers and swimmers. Hatchling self-righting ability was not correlated with crawling speed or swimming speed, but crawling speed was correlated with swimming speed, with hatchlings typically swimming 1.5–2 times faster than they crawled. Hence, we found that sand particle size had minimal influence on the nest microenvironment and hatchling outcomes.
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26
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Conservation Evo-Devo: Preserving Biodiversity by Understanding Its Origins. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:746-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. BOOTH
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
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28
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Kobayashi S, Morimoto Y, Kondo S, Sato T, Suganuma H, Arai K, Watanabe G. Sex Differences and the Heritability of Scute Pattern Abnormalities in the Green Sea Turtle from the Ogasawara Archipelago, Japan. Zoolog Sci 2017; 34:281-286. [DOI: 10.2108/zs160159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | | | - Satomi Kondo
- Everlasting Nature of Asia, Kanagawa 221-0822, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sato
- Everlasting Nature of Asia, Kanagawa 221-0822, Japan
| | | | - Katsuhiko Arai
- Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
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29
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Spadola F, Morici M, Santoro M, Oliveri M, Insacco G. Reproductive Disorders and Perinatology of Sea Turtles. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2017; 20:345-370. [PMID: 28169181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sea turtles' reproductive disorders are underdiagnosed, but potentially, there are several diseases that may affect gonads, genitalia, and annexes. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites may cause countless disorders, but more frequently the cause is traumatic or linked to human activities. Furthermore, veterinary management of the nest is of paramount importance as well as the care of newborns (also in captivity). This article gives an overview on the methods used to manage nests and reproductive activities of these endangered chelonians species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spadola
- Department of Veterinary Science, Polo Didattico Annunziata, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Messina, Sicily, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Manuel Morici
- Department of Veterinary Science, Polo Didattico Annunziata, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Messina, Sicily, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Mario Santoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici (Naples) 80055, Italy
| | - Matteo Oliveri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 1-3 Palackeho Street, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Gianni Insacco
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Via degli Studi 9, Comiso (Ragusa), Sicily 97013, Italy
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30
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Rees AF, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Barata PCR, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Bourjea J, Broderick AC, Campbell LM, Cardona L, Carreras C, Casale P, Ceriani SA, Dutton PH, Eguchi T, Formia A, Fuentes MMPB, Fuller WJ, Girondot M, Godfrey MH, Hamann M, Hart KM, Hays GC, Hochscheid S, Kaska Y, Jensen MP, Mangel JC, Mortimer JA, Naro-Maciel E, Ng CKY, Nichols WJ, Phillott AD, Reina RD, Revuelta O, Schofield G, Seminoff JA, Shanker K, Tomás J, van de Merwe JP, Van Houtan KS, Vander Zanden HB, Wallace BP, Wedemeyer-Strombel KR, Work TM, Godley BJ. Are we working towards global research priorities for management and conservation of sea turtles? ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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