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Popravko A, Mackintosh L, Dzierzak E. A life-time of hematopoietic cell function: ascent, stability, and decline. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38439688 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a set of complex processes that occur temporally and continuously. It is generally a unidirectional progression of cellular and molecular changes occurring during the life stages of cells, tissues and ultimately the whole organism. In vertebrate organisms, this begins at conception from the first steps in blastocyst formation, gastrulation, germ layer differentiation, and organogenesis to a continuum of embryonic, fetal, adolescent, adult, and geriatric stages. Tales of the "fountain of youth" and songs of being "forever young" are dominant ideas informing us that growing old is something science should strive to counteract. Here, we discuss the normal life stages of the blood system, particularly the historical recognition of its importance in the early growth stages of vertebrates, and what this means with respect to progressive gain and loss of hematopoietic function in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Popravko
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorna Mackintosh
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, UK
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2
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Zheng K, Wei Z, Li W. Ecological insights into hematopoiesis regulation: unraveling the influence of gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2350784. [PMID: 38727219 PMCID: PMC11093038 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota constitutes a vast ecological system within the human body, forming a mutually interdependent entity with the host. In recent years, advancements in molecular biology technologies have provided a clearer understanding of the role of the gut microbiota. They not only influence the local immune status and metabolic functions of the host's intestinal tract but also impact the functional transformation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the gut-blood axis. In this review, we will discuss the role of the gut microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis. We analyze the interactions between HSCs and other cellular components, with a particular emphasis on the direct functional regulation of HSCs by the gut microbiota and their indirect influence through cellular components in the bone marrow microenvironment. Additionally, we propose potential control targets for signaling pathways triggered by the gut microbiota to regulate hematopoietic function, filling crucial knowledge gaps in the development of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Sun S, Wijanarko K, Liani O, Strumila K, Ng ES, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG. Lymphoid cell development from fetal hematopoietic progenitors and human pluripotent stem cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:154-170. [PMID: 36939073 PMCID: PMC10952469 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid cells encompass the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells and Natural killer T cells (NKT), and innate immune cells (ILCs), including Natural Killer (NK) cells. During adult life, these lineages are thought to derive from the differentiation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow. However, during embryogenesis and fetal development, the ontogeny of lymphoid cells is both complex and multifaceted, with a large body of evidence suggesting that lymphoid lineages arise from progenitor cell populations antedating the emergence of HSCs. Recently, the application of single cell RNA-sequencing technologies and pluripotent stem cell-based developmental models has provided new insights into lymphoid ontogeny during embryogenesis. Indeed, PSC differentiation platforms have enabled de novo generation of lymphoid immune cells independently of HSCs, supporting conclusions drawn from the study of hematopoiesis in vivo. Here, we examine lymphoid development from non-HSC progenitor cells and technological advances in the differentiation of human lymphoid cells from pluripotent stem cells for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Sun
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kevin Wijanarko
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Oniko Liani
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kathleen Strumila
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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4
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Kobayashi M, Yoshimoto M. Multiple waves of fetal-derived immune cells constitute adult immune system. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:11-30. [PMID: 36929134 PMCID: PMC10754384 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been over three decades since Drs. Herzenberg and Herzenberg proposed the layered immune system hypothesis, suggesting that different types of stem cells with distinct hematopoietic potential produce specific immune cells. This layering of immune system development is now supported by recent studies showing the presence of fetal-derived immune cells that function in adults. It has been shown that various immune cells arise at different embryonic ages via multiple waves of hematopoiesis from special endothelial cells (ECs), referred to as hemogenic ECs. However, it remains unknown whether these fetal-derived immune cells are produced by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during the fetal to neonatal period. To address this question, many advanced tools have been used, including lineage-tracing mouse models, cellular barcoding techniques, clonal assays, and transplantation assays at the single-cell level. In this review, we will review the history of the search for the origins of HSCs, B-1a progenitors, and mast cells in the mouse embryo. HSCs can produce both B-1a and mast cells within a very limited time window, and this ability declines after embryonic day (E) 14.5. Furthermore, the latest data have revealed that HSC-independent adaptive immune cells exist in adult mice, which implies more complicated developmental pathways of immune cells. We propose revised road maps of immune cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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5
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Shevyrev D, Tereshchenko V, Berezina TN, Rybtsov S. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and the Immune System in Development and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065862. [PMID: 36982935 PMCID: PMC10056303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) support haematopoiesis throughout life and give rise to the whole variety of cells of the immune system. Developing in the early embryo, passing through the precursor stage, and maturing into the first HSCs, they undergo a fairly large number of divisions while maintaining a high regenerative potential due to high repair activity. This potential is greatly reduced in adult HSCs. They go into a state of dormancy and anaerobic metabolism to maintain their stemness throughout life. However, with age, changes occur in the pool of HSCs that negatively affect haematopoiesis and the effectiveness of immunity. Niche aging and accumulation of mutations with age reduces the ability of HSCs to self-renew and changes their differentiation potential. This is accompanied by a decrease in clonal diversity and a disturbance of lymphopoiesis (decrease in the formation of naive T- and B-cells) and the predominance of myeloid haematopoiesis. Aging also affects mature cells, regardless of HSC, therefore, phagocytic activity and the intensity of the oxidative burst decrease, and the efficiency of processing and presentation of antigens by myeloid cells is impaired. Aging cells of innate and adaptive immunity produce factors that form a chronic inflammatory background. All these processes have a serious negative impact on the protective properties of the immune system, increasing inflammation, the risk of developing autoimmune, oncological, and cardiovascular diseases with age. Understanding the mechanisms of reducing the regenerative potential in a comparative analysis of embryonic and aging HSCs, the features of inflammatory aging will allow us to get closer to deciphering the programs for the development, aging, regeneration and rejuvenation of HSCs and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Shevyrev
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Valeriy Tereshchenko
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Berezina
- Department of Scientific Basis of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
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6
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Kobayashi M, Wei H, Yamanashi T, Azevedo Portilho N, Cornelius S, Valiente N, Nishida C, Cheng H, Latorre A, Zheng WJ, Kang J, Seita J, Shih DJ, Wu JQ, Yoshimoto M. HSC-independent definitive hematopoiesis persists into adult life. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112239. [PMID: 36906851 PMCID: PMC10122268 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that hematopoiesis after birth is established by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow and that HSC-independent hematopoiesis is limited only to primitive erythro-myeloid cells and tissue-resident innate immune cells arising in the embryo. Here, surprisingly, we find that significant percentages of lymphocytes are not derived from HSCs, even in 1-year-old mice. Instead, multiple waves of hematopoiesis occur from embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) to E11.5 endothelial cells, which simultaneously produce HSCs and lymphoid progenitors that constitute many layers of adaptive T and B lymphocytes in adult mice. Additionally, HSC lineage tracing reveals that the contribution of fetal liver HSCs to peritoneal B-1a cells is minimal and that the majority of B-1a cells are HSC independent. Our discovery of extensive HSC-independent lymphocytes in adult mice attests to the complex blood developmental dynamics spanning the embryo-to-adult transition and challenges the paradigm of HSCs exclusively underpinning the postnatal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haichao Wei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Takashi Yamanashi
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nathalia Azevedo Portilho
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel Cornelius
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Noemi Valiente
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chika Nishida
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Augusto Latorre
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - W Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jun Seita
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - David J Shih
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Qian Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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7
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Hou S, Liu C, Yao Y, Bai Z, Gong Y, Wang C, He J, You G, Zhang G, Liu B, Lan Y. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development in Mammalian Embryos. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:1-16. [PMID: 38228955 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are situated at the top of the adult hematopoietic hierarchy in mammals and give rise to the majority of blood cells throughout life. Recently, with the advance of multiple single-cell technologies, researchers have unprecedentedly deciphered the cellular and molecular evolution, the lineage relationships, and the regulatory mechanisms underlying HSC emergence in mammals. In this review, we describe the precise vascular origin of HSCs in mouse and human embryos, emphasizing the conservation in the unambiguous arterial characteristics of the HSC-primed hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). Serving as the immediate progeny of some HECs, functional pre-HSCs of mouse embryos can now be isolated at single-cell level using defined surface marker combinations. Heterogeneity regrading cell cycle status or lineage differentiation bias within HECs, pre-HSCs, or emerging HSCs in mouse embryos has been figured out. Several epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of HSC generation, including long noncoding RNA, DNA methylation modification, RNA splicing, and layered epigenetic modifications, have also been recently uncovered. In addition to that of HSCs, the cellular and molecular events underlying the development of multiple hematopoietic progenitors in human embryos/fetus have been unraveled with the use of series of single-cell technologies. Specifically, yolk sac-derived myeloid-biased progenitors have been identified as the earliest multipotent hematopoietic progenitors in human embryo, serving as an important origin of fetal liver monocyte-derived macrophages. Moreover, the development of multiple hematopoietic lineages in human embryos such as T and B lymphocytes, innate lymphoid cells, as well as myeloid cells like monocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes has also been depicted and reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Hou
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoju You
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Abstract
Traditional models of lymphopoiesis present B and T cell development as a linear process that initiates in the fetus and continues after birth in the bone marrow and thymus, respectively. However, this view of lymphocyte development is not in accord with reports, dating back several decades, indicating that the types of lymphocytes generated before and after birth differ. In this regard, selected γδ T cells, and those that utilize the Vγ3 receptor in particular, and innate-like B-1 B cells preferentially arise during fetal blood cell development. This review synthesizes data from multiple laboratories, with an emphasis on our own work using mouse models, demonstrating that innate and conventional B and T cells emerge in hematopoietic stem cell independent and dependent waves of development that are differentially regulated. This layering of lymphocyte development has implications for understanding the composition of the adult immune system and may provide insights into the origin of various lymphocytic leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnacion Montecino-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kenneth Dorshkind
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Embryonic Origins of the Hematopoietic System: Hierarchies and Heterogeneity. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e737. [PMID: 35647488 PMCID: PMC9132533 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical framework of the adult blood system as we know it from current medical and hematology textbooks, displays a linear branching network of dividing and differentiated cells essential for the growth and maintenance of the healthy organism. This view of the hierarchy has evolved over the last 75 years. An amazing increase in cellular complexity has been realized; however, innovative single-cell technologies continue to uncover essential cell types and functions in animal models and the human blood system. The most potent cell of the hematopoietic hierarchy is the hematopoietic stem cell. Stem cells for adult tissues are the long-lived self-renewing cellular component, which ensure that differentiated tissue-specific cells are maintained and replaced through the entire adult lifespan. Although much blood research is focused on hematopoietic tissue homeostasis, replacement and regeneration during adult life, embryological studies have widened and enriched our understanding of additional developmental hierarchies and interacting cells of this life-sustaining tissue. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the hierarchical organization and the vast heterogeneity of the hematopoietic system from embryonic to adult stages.
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10
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Guo R, Li W, Li Y, Li Y, Jiang Z, Song Y. Generation and clinical potential of functional T lymphocytes from gene-edited pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:27. [PMID: 35568954 PMCID: PMC9107657 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered T cells have been shown to be highly effective in cancer immunotherapy, although T cell exhaustion presents a challenge for their long-term function. Additional T-cell sources must be exploited to broaden the application of engineered T cells for immune defense and reconstitution. Unlimited sources of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have provided a potential opportunity to generate precise-engineered therapeutic induced T (iT) cells. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of PSC-derived induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (iHSPC)/iT identified the developmental pathways and possibilities of generating functional T cell from PSCs. To date, the PSC-to-iT platforms encounter several problems, including low efficiency of conventional T subset specification, limited functional potential, and restrictions on large-scale application, because of the absence of a thymus-like organized microenvironment. The updated PSC-to-iT platforms, such as the three-dimensional (3D) artificial thymic organoid (ATO) co-culture system and Runx1/Hoxa9-enforced iT lymphopoiesis, provide fresh perspectives for coordinating culture conditions and transcription factors, which may greatly improve the efficiency of T-cell generation greatly. In addition, the improved PSC-to-iT platform coordinating gene editing technologies will provide various functional engineered unconventional or conventional T cells. Furthermore, the clinical applications of PSC-derived immune cells are accelerating from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yadan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Henan Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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11
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Mutabaruka MS, Pata M, Vacher J. A Foxo1-Klf2-S1pr1-Gnai1-Rac1 signaling axis is a critical mediator of Ostm1 regulatory network in T lymphopoiesis. iScience 2022; 25:104160. [PMID: 35434560 PMCID: PMC9010627 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostm1 mutations cause the severe form of osteopetrosis with bone marrow deficiency in humans and mice, yet a role in T cell ontogeny remains to be determined. Herein, we show that thymi of the Ostm1-null mice (gl/gl) from P8-to-P15 become markedly hypocellular with disturbed architecture. Analysis of gl/gl early T cell program determined a major decrease of 3-fold in bone marrow common lymphoid precursors (CLP), 35-fold in early thymic precursors (ETPs) and 100-fold in T cell double positive subpopulations. Ostm1 ablation in T cell double negative (DN) also appears to induce fast-paced differentiation kinetics with a transitory intermediate CD44+CD25int subpopulation. Transgenic targeting Ostm1 expression from the gl/gl DN1 population partially rescued T cell subpopulations from ETP onwards and normalized the accelerated DN differentiation, indicating a cell-autonomous role for Ostm1. Transcriptome of early DN1 population identified an Ostm1 crosstalk with a Foxo1-Klf2-S1pr1-Gnai1-Rac1 signaling axis. Our findings establish that Ostm1 is an essential regulator of T cell ontogeny. Loss of Ostm1 causes severe thymus hypocellularity Ostm1 is a modulator of the T cell differentiation program from the CLPs onwards Targeted CD2-Ostm1 in Ostm1 null mice leads to partial rescue of DN differentiation Ostm1 null DN1 transcriptome identifies a Foxo1-Klf2-S1pr1-Gnai1-Rac1 signaling axis
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S Mutabaruka
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 West Pins Avenue, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Monica Pata
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 West Pins Avenue, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean Vacher
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 West Pins Avenue, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 3J7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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12
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Wang C, Gong Y, Wei A, Huang T, Hou S, Du J, Li Z, Wang J, Liu B, Lan Y. Adult-repopulating lymphoid potential of yolk sac blood vessels is not confined to arterial endothelial cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2073-2087. [PMID: 34181164 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are believed to be derived from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). Moreover, arterial feature is proposed to be a prerequisite for HECs to generate HSPCs with lymphoid potential. Although the molecular basis of hematopoietic stem cell-competent HECs has been delicately elucidated within the embryo proper, the functional and molecular characteristics of HECs in the extraembryonic yolk sac (YS) remain largely unresolved. In this study, we initially identified six molecularly different endothelial populations in the midgestational YS through integrated analysis of several single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets and validated the arterial vasculature distribution of Gja5+ ECs using a Gja5-EGFP reporter mouse model. Further, we explored the hemogenic potential of different EC populations based on their Gja5-EGFP and CD44 expression levels. The hemogenic potential was ubiquitously detected in spatiotemporally different vascular beds on embryonic days (E)8.5-E9.5 and gradually concentrated in CD44-positive ECs from E10.0. Unexpectedly, B-lymphoid potential was detected in the YS ECs as early as E8.5 regardless of their arterial features. Furthermore, the capacity for generating hematopoietic progenitors with in vivo lymphoid potential was found in nonarterial as well as arterial YS ECs on E10.0-E10.5. Importantly, the distinct identities of E10.0-E10.5 HECs between YS and intraembryonic caudal region were revealed by further scRNA-seq analysis. Cumulatively, these findings extend our knowledge regarding the hemogenic potential of ECs from anatomically and molecularly different vascular beds, providing a theoretical basis for better understanding the sources of HSPCs during mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yandong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Anbang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Siyuan Hou
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Junjie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Junliang Wang
- Department of radiotherapy, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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13
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Ding J, Cardoso AA, Yoshimoto M, Kobayashi M. The Earliest T-Precursors in the Mouse Embryo Are Susceptible to Leukemic Transformation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634151. [PMID: 33996794 PMCID: PMC8117020 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in pediatric patients. About 10–15% of pediatric ALL belong to T-cell ALL (T-ALL), which is characterized by aggressive expansion of immature T-lymphoblasts and is categorized as high-risk leukemia. Leukemia initiating cells represent a reservoir that is responsible for the initiation and propagation of leukemia. Its perinatal origin has been suggested in some childhood acute B-lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemias. Therefore, we hypothesized that child T-ALL initiating cells also exist during the perinatal period. In this study, T-ALL potential of the hematopoietic precursors was found in the para-aortic splanchnopleura (P-Sp) region, but not in the extraembryonic yolk sac (YS) of the mouse embryo at embryonic day 9.5. We overexpressed the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) in the P-Sp and YS cells and transplanted them into lethally irradiated mice. NICD-overexpressing P-Sp cells rapidly developed T-ALL while YS cells failed to display leukemia propagation despite successful NICD induction. These results suggest a possible role of fetal-derived T-cell precursors as leukemia-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Ding
- Department of Medicine, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Department of Pediatrics Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Gu X, Li SY, DeFalco T. Immune and vascular contributions to organogenesis of the testis and ovary. FEBS J 2021; 289:2386-2408. [PMID: 33774913 PMCID: PMC8476657 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gonad development is a highly regulated process that coordinates cell specification and morphogenesis to produce sex-specific organ structures that are required for fertility, such as testicular seminiferous tubules and ovarian follicles. While sex determination occurs within specialized gonadal supporting cells, sexual differentiation is evident throughout the entire organ, including within the interstitial compartment, which contains immune cells and vasculature. While immune and vascular cells have been traditionally appreciated for their supporting roles during tissue growth and homeostasis, an increasing body of evidence supports the idea that these cell types are critical drivers of sexually dimorphic morphogenesis of the gonad. Myeloid immune cells, such as macrophages, are essential for multiple aspects of gonadogenesis and fertility, including for forming and maintaining gonadal vasculature in both sexes at varying stages of life. While vasculature is long known for supporting organ growth and serving as an export mechanism for gonadal sex steroids in utero, it is also an important component of fetal testicular morphogenesis and differentiation; additionally, it is vital for ovarian corpus luteal function and maintenance of pregnancy. These findings point toward a new paradigm in which immune cells and blood vessels are integral components of sexual differentiation and organogenesis. In this review, we discuss the state of the field regarding the diverse roles of immune and vascular cells during organogenesis of the testis and ovary and highlight outstanding questions in the field that could stimulate new research into these previously underappreciated constituents of the gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gu
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Shu-Yun Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
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15
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Mass E, Gentek R. Fetal-Derived Immune Cells at the Roots of Lifelong Pathophysiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648313. [PMID: 33708774 PMCID: PMC7940384 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident innate immune cells exert a wide range of functions in both adult homeostasis and pathology. Our understanding of when and how these cellular networks are established has dramatically changed with the recognition that many lineages originate at least in part from fetal sources and self-maintain independently from hematopoietic stem cells. Indeed, fetal-derived immune cells are found in most organs and serous cavities of our body, where they reside throughout the entire lifespan. At the same time, there is a growing appreciation that pathologies manifesting in adulthood may be caused by adverse early life events, a concept known as “developmental origins of health and disease” (DOHaD). Yet, whether fetal-derived immune cells are mechanistically involved in DOHaD remains elusive. In this review, we summarize our knowledge of fetal hematopoiesis and its contribution to adult immune compartments, which results in a “layered immune system.” Based on their ontogeny, we argue that fetal-derived immune cells are prime transmitters of long-term consequences of prenatal adversities. In addition to increasing disease susceptibility, these may also directly cause inflammatory, degenerative, and metabolic disorders. We explore this notion for cells generated from erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMP) produced in the extra-embryonic yolk sac. Focusing on macrophages and mast cells, we present emerging evidence implicating them in lifelong disease by either somatic mutations or developmental programming events resulting from maternal and early environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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16
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Cumano A, Berthault C, Ramond C, Petit M, Golub R, Bandeira A, Pereira P. New Molecular Insights into Immune Cell Development. Annu Rev Immunol 2020; 37:497-519. [PMID: 31026413 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During development innate lymphoid cells and specialized lymphocyte subsets colonize peripheral tissues, where they contribute to organogenesis and later constitute the first line of protection while maintaining tissue homeostasis. A few of these subsets are produced only during embryonic development and remain in the tissues throughout life. They are generated through a unique developmental program initiated in lympho-myeloid-primed progenitors, which lose myeloid and B cell potential. They either differentiate into innate lymphoid cells or migrate to the thymus to give rise to embryonic T cell receptor-invariant T cells. At later developmental stages, adaptive T lymphocytes are derived from lympho-myeloid progenitors that colonize the thymus, while lymphoid progenitors become specialized in the production of B cells. This sequence of events highlights the requirement for stratification in the establishment of immune functions that determine efficient seeding of peripheral tissues by a limited number of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cumano
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claire Berthault
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Ramond
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , ,
| | - Maxime Petit
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Bandeira
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Pereira
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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17
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Endothelial Cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule Contributes to the Development of Definitive Hematopoiesis in the Fetal Liver. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 13:992-1005. [PMID: 31813828 PMCID: PMC6915804 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) is a lifelong marker of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although we previously elucidated the functional importance of ESAM in HSCs in stress-induced hematopoiesis in adults, it is unclear how ESAM affects hematopoietic development during fetal life. To address this issue, we analyzed fetuses from conventional or conditional ESAM-knockout mice. Approximately half of ESAM-null fetuses died after mid-gestation due to anemia. RNA sequencing analyses revealed downregulation of adult-type globins and Alas2, a heme biosynthesis enzyme, in ESAM-null fetal livers. These abnormalities were attributed to malfunction of ESAM-null HSCs, which was demonstrated in culture and transplantation experiments. Although crosslinking ESAM directly influenced gene transcription in HSCs, observations in conditional ESAM-knockout fetuses revealed the critical involvement of ESAM expressed in endothelial cells in fetal lethality. Thus, we showed that ESAM had important roles in developing definitive hematopoiesis. Furthermore, we unveiled the importance of endothelial ESAM in this process.
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18
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Multipotent RAG1+ progenitors emerge directly from haemogenic endothelium in human pluripotent stem cell-derived haematopoietic organoids. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:60-73. [DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Zeng Y, Liu C, Gong Y, Bai Z, Hou S, He J, Bian Z, Li Z, Ni Y, Yan J, Huang T, Shi H, Ma C, Chen X, Wang J, Bian L, Lan Y, Liu B, Hu H. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Resolves Spatiotemporal Development of Pre-thymic Lymphoid Progenitors and Thymus Organogenesis in Human Embryos. Immunity 2019; 51:930-948.e6. [PMID: 31604687 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Generation of the first T lymphocytes in the human embryo involves the emergence, migration, and thymus seeding of lymphoid progenitors together with concomitant thymus organogenesis, which is the initial step to establish the entire adaptive immune system. However, the cellular and molecular programs regulating this process remain unclear. We constructed a single-cell transcriptional landscape of human early T lymphopoiesis by using cells from multiple hemogenic and hematopoietic sites spanning embryonic and fetal stages. Among heterogenous early thymic progenitors, one subtype shared common features with a subset of lymphoid progenitors in fetal liver that are known as thymus-seeding progenitors. Unbiased bioinformatics analysis identified a distinct type of pre-thymic lymphoid progenitors in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. In parallel, we investigated thymic epithelial cell development and potential cell-cell interactions during thymus organogenesis. Together, our data provide insights into human early T lymphopoiesis that prospectively direct T lymphocyte regeneration, which might lead to development of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yandong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhijie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Siyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhilei Bian
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yanli Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Rare Disease Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Collaboration and Innovation Center for Biotherapy. Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lihong Bian
- Department of Gynecology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Rare Disease Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Collaboration and Innovation Center for Biotherapy. Chengdu 610041, China.
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20
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"Hierarchy" and "Holacracy"; A Paradigm of the Hematopoietic System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101138. [PMID: 31554248 PMCID: PMC6830102 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hematopoietic system has long been viewed as a hierarchical paradigm in which a small number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are located at the apex. HSCs were traditionally thought to be homogeneous and quiescent in a homeostatic state. However, recent observations, through extramedullary hematopoiesis and clonal assays, have cast doubt on the validity of the conventional interpretation. A key issue is understanding the characteristics of HSCs from different viewpoints, including dynamic physics and social network theory. The aim of this literature review is to propose a new paradigm of our hematopoietic system, in which individual HSCs are actively involved.
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21
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Abstract
Evidence of the diversity and multi-layered organization of the hematopoietic system is leading to new insights that may inform ex vivo production of blood cells. Interestingly, not all long-lived hematopoietic cells derive from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here we review the current knowledge on HSC-dependent cell lineages and HSC-independent tissue-resident hematopoietic cells and how they arise during embryonic development. Classical embryological and genetic experiments, cell fate tracing data, single-cell imaging, and transcriptomics studies provide information on the molecular/cell trajectories that form the complete hematopoietic system. We also discuss the current developmentally informed efforts toward generating engraftable and multilineage blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Dzierzak
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Ghosn E, Yoshimoto M, Nakauchi H, Weissman IL, Herzenberg LA. Hematopoietic stem cell-independent hematopoiesis and the origins of innate-like B lymphocytes. Development 2019; 146:146/15/dev170571. [PMID: 31371526 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current paradigm that a single long-term hematopoietic stem cell can regenerate all components of the mammalian immune system has been challenged by recent findings in mice. These findings show that adult tissue-resident macrophages and innate-like lymphocytes develop early in fetal hematopoiesis from progenitors that emerge prior to, and apparently independently of, conventional long-term hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we discuss these recent findings, which show that an early and distinct wave of hematopoiesis occurs for all major hematopoietic lineages. These data provide evidence that fetal hematopoietic progenitors not derived from the bona fide long-term hematopoietic stem cells give rise to tissue-resident immune cells that persist throughout adulthood. We also discuss recent insights into B lymphocyte development and attempt to synthesize seemingly contradictory recent findings on the origins of innate-like B-1a lymphocytes during fetal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliver Ghosn
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leonore A Herzenberg
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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23
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Rybtsov SA, Lagarkova MA. Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Early Mammalian Embryo. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:190-204. [PMID: 31221058 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were the first stem cells discovered in humans. A. A. Maximov proposed an idea of blood stem cells that was confirmed later by McCulloch and Till experimentally. HSCs were the first type of stem cells to be used in clinics and ever since are being continually used. Indeed, a single HSC transplanted intravenously is capable of giving rise to all types of blood cells. In recent decades, human and animal HSC origin, development, hierarchy, and gene signature have been extensively investigated. Due to the constant need for donor blood and HSCs suitable for therapeutic transplants, the experimental possibility of obtaining HSCs in vitro by directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been considered in recent years. However, despite all efforts, it is not yet possible to reproduce in vitro the ontogenesis of HSCs and obtain cells capable of long-term maintenance of hematopoiesis. The study of hematopoiesis in embryonic development facilitates the establishment and improvement of protocols for deriving blood cells from PCSs and allows a better understanding of the pathogenesis of various types of proliferative blood diseases, anemia, and immunodeficiency. This review focuses on the development of hematopoiesis in mammalian ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rybtsov
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4U, United Kingdom.
| | - M A Lagarkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
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24
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Gao L, Tober J, Gao P, Chen C, Tan K, Speck NA. RUNX1 and the endothelial origin of blood. Exp Hematol 2018; 68:2-9. [PMID: 30391350 PMCID: PMC6494457 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX1 is required in the embryo for formation of the adult hematopoietic system. Here, we describe the seminal findings that led to the discovery of RUNX1 and of its critical role in blood cell formation in the embryo from hemogenic endothelium (HE). We also present RNA-sequencing data demonstrating that HE cells in different anatomic sites, which produce hematopoietic progenitors with dissimilar differentiation potentials, are molecularly distinct. Hemogenic and non-HE cells in the yolk sac are more closely related to each other than either is to hemogenic or non-HE cells in the major arteries. Therefore, a major driver of the different lineage potentials of the committed erythro-myeloid progenitors that emerge in the yolk sac versus hematopoietic stem cells that originate in the major arteries is likely to be the distinct molecular properties of the HE cells from which they are derived. We used bioinformatics analyses to predict signaling pathways active in arterial HE, which include the functionally validated pathways Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog. We also used a novel bioinformatics approach to assemble transcriptional regulatory networks and predict transcription factors that may be specifically involved in hematopoietic cell formation from arterial HE, which is the origin of the adult hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanna Tober
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Changya Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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25
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What do the lineage tracing studies tell us? Consideration for hematopoietic stem cell origin, dynamics, and leukemia-initiating cells. Int J Hematol 2018; 109:35-40. [PMID: 30264284 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent advance of technologies enables us to trace the cell fate in vivo by marking the cells that express the gene of interest or by barcoding them at a single cell level. Various tamoxifen-inducible Cre-recombinase mice combined with Rosa-floxed lines are utilized. In this review, with the results revealed by lineage tracing assays, we re-visit the long-standing debate for the origin of hematopoietic stem cells in the mouse embryo, and introduce the view of native hematopoiesis, and possible leukemic-initiating cells emerged during fetal stages.
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26
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Abstract
The yolk sac is the first observed site of hematopoiesis during mouse ontogeny. Primitive erythroid cells are the most well-recognized cell lineages produced from this tissue. In addition to primitive erythroid cells, several types of hematopoietic cells are present, including multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. Yolk sac-derived blood cells constitute a transient wave of embryonic and fetal hematopoiesis. However, recent studies have demonstrated that some macrophage and B cell lineages derived from the early yolk sac may persist to adulthood. This review discusses the cellular basis of mouse yolk sac hematopoiesis and its contributions to embryonic and adult hematopoietic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamane
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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27
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The Regulatory Role of IFN-γ on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:705-712. [PMID: 28852997 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The replenishment of all blood cell lineages is hierarchically organized by the process of hematopoiesis, which is based on the differentiation pathways of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Due to the ability to balance between self-renewal and differentiation, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can generate the appropriate cell type that is required by the immune system and peripheral blood in response to physiological or pathological conditions. Numerous studies have shown that some proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the regulation of the various hematopoietic compartments. Of these, IFN-γ is a type II interferon primarily produced by T cells and natural killer cells, and plays a major role in the defense against invading pathogens and transformed cancer cells; moreover, a growing amount of research indicates that it exerts negative or positive regulatory effect on hematopoiesis. Although IFN-γ is a widely regarded negative regulator of HSC proliferation, it also participates in some chronic infections or hematological malignancies that induce bone marrow failure. Recent studies have demonstrated unexpected effects of IFN-γ, including the promotion of HSC formation and the stimulation of myelopoiesis. Here, we review the direct and indirect effects of IFN-γ on hematopoiesis, as well as the underlying signaling mechanisms of how IFN-γ modulates the self-renewal, cell cycle entry, and proliferation of HSCs. Next, we describe how IFN-γ affects different stages of the lineage differentiation from HSCs. Finally, we discuss the relationship between IFN-γ and compensatory extramedullary hematopoiesis, as well as some related clinical diseases.
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28
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Xiao S, Zhang W, Manley NR. Thymic B cell development is controlled by the B potential of progenitors via both hematopoietic-intrinsic and thymic microenvironment-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193189. [PMID: 29462202 PMCID: PMC5819817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from birth through adult possess differing differentiation potential for T or B cell fate in the thymus; neonatal bone marrow (BM) cells also have a higher potential for B cell production in BM compared to adult HSCs. We hypothesized that this hematopoietic-intrinsic B potential might also regulate B cell development in the thymus during ontogeny. METHODS Foxn1lacZ mutant mice are a model in which down regulation of a thymic epithelial cell (TEC) specific transcription factor beginning one week postnatal causes a dramatic reduction of thymocytes production. In this study, we found that while T cells were decreased, the frequency of thymic B cells was greatly increased in these mutants in the perinatal period. We used this model to characterize the mechanisms in the thymus controlling B cell development. RESULTS Foxn1lacZ mutants, T cell committed intrathymic progenitors (DN1a,b) were progressively reduced beginning one week after birth, while thymic B cells peaked at 3-4 weeks with pre-B-II progenitor phenotype, and originated in the thymus. Heterochronic chimeras showed that the capacity for thymic B cell production was due to a combination of higher B potential of neonatal HSCs, combined with a thymic microenvironment deficiency including reduction of DL4 and increase of IL-7 that promoted B cell fate. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the capacity and time course for thymic B-cell production are primarily controlled by the hematopoietic-intrinsic potential for B cells themselves during ontogeny, but that signals from TECs microenvironment also influence the frequency and differentiation potential of B cell development in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Xiao
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nancy R. Manley
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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29
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Tian Y, Xu J, Feng S, He S, Zhao S, Zhu L, Jin W, Dai Y, Luo L, Qu JY, Wen Z. The first wave of T lymphopoiesis in zebrafish arises from aorta endothelium independent of hematopoietic stem cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3347-3360. [PMID: 28931624 PMCID: PMC5679161 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tian et al. demonstrate that, in addition to giving rise to hematopoietic stem cells, the ventral endothelium of aorta in zebrafish also directly converts to non–hematopoietic stem cell hematopoietic precursors capable of generating a transient wave of CD4 Tαβ lymphocytes. T lymphocytes are key cellular components of the adaptive immune system and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity in vertebrates. Despite their heterogeneities, it is believed that all different types of T lymphocytes are generated exclusively via the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Using temporal–spatial resolved fate-mapping analysis and time-lapse imaging, here we show that the ventral endothelium in the zebrafish aorta–gonad–mesonephros and posterior blood island, the hematopoietic tissues previously known to generate HSCs and erythromyeloid progenitors, respectively, gives rise to a transient wave of T lymphopoiesis independent of HSCs. This HSC-independent T lymphopoiesis occurs early and generates predominantly CD4 Tαβ cells in the larval but not juvenile and adult stages, whereas HSC-dependent T lymphopoiesis emerges late and produces various subtypes of T lymphocytes continuously from the larval stage to adulthood. Our study unveils the existence, origin, and ontogeny of HSC-independent T lymphopoiesis in vivo and reveals the complexity of the endothelial-hematopoietic transition of the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Shachuan Feng
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Sicong He
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Shizheng Zhao
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wan Jin
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Yimei Dai
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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30
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Pdgf signalling guides neural crest contribution to the haematopoietic stem cell specification niche. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:457-467. [PMID: 28394883 PMCID: PMC5546139 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) support maintenance of the haematopoietic and immune systems throughout the life of vertebrates, and are the therapeutic component of bone marrow transplants. Understanding native specification of HSCs, to uncover key signals that might help improve in vitro directed differentiation protocols, has been a longstanding biomedical goal. The current impossibility of specifying true HSCs in vitro suggests that key signals remain unknown. We speculated that such signals might be presented by surrounding “niche” cells, but no such cells have been defined. Here we demonstrate in zebrafish, that trunk neural crest (NC) physically associate with HSC precursors in the dorsal aorta (DA) just prior to initiation of the definitive haematopoietic programme. Preventing association of the NC with the DA leads to loss of HSCs. Our results define NC as key cellular components of the HSC specification niche that can be profiled to identify unknown HSC specification signals.
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31
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Luis TC, Luc S, Mizukami T, Boukarabila H, Thongjuea S, Woll PS, Azzoni E, Giustacchini A, Lutteropp M, Bouriez-Jones T, Vaidya H, Mead AJ, Atkinson D, Böiers C, Carrelha J, Macaulay IC, Patient R, Geissmann F, Nerlov C, Sandberg R, de Bruijn MFTR, Blackburn CC, Godin I, Jacobsen SEW. Initial seeding of the embryonic thymus by immune-restricted lympho-myeloid progenitors. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:1424-1435. [PMID: 27695000 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The final stages of restriction to the T cell lineage occur in the thymus after the entry of thymus-seeding progenitors (TSPs). The identity and lineage potential of TSPs remains unclear. Because the first embryonic TSPs enter a non-vascularized thymic rudiment, we were able to directly image and establish the functional and molecular properties of embryonic thymopoiesis-initiating progenitors (T-IPs) before their entry into the thymus and activation of Notch signaling. T-IPs did not include multipotent stem cells or molecular evidence of T cell-restricted progenitors. Instead, single-cell molecular and functional analysis demonstrated that most fetal T-IPs expressed genes of and had the potential to develop into lymphoid as well as myeloid components of the immune system. Moreover, studies of embryos deficient in the transcriptional regulator RBPJ demonstrated that canonical Notch signaling was not involved in pre-thymic restriction to the T cell lineage or the migration of T-IPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago C Luis
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Sidinh Luc
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Hanane Boukarabila
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Supat Thongjuea
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Petter S Woll
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Giustacchini
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lutteropp
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Tiphaine Bouriez-Jones
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Harsh Vaidya
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adam J Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Atkinson
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotta Böiers
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joana Carrelha
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Iain C Macaulay
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- King's College London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 1UL London, UK.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Rickard Sandberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marella F T R de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - C Clare Blackburn
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isabelle Godin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1170; Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant; Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Kauts ML, Vink CS, Dzierzak E. Hematopoietic (stem) cell development - how divergent are the roads taken? FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3975-3986. [PMID: 27543859 PMCID: PMC5125883 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of the hematopoietic system during early embryonic stages occurs in spatially and temporally distinct waves. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the most potent and self‐renewing cells of this system, are produced in the final ‘definitive’ wave of hematopoietic cell generation. In contrast to HSCs in the adult, which differentiate via intermediate progenitor populations to produce functional blood cells, the generation of hematopoietic cells in the embryo prior to HSC generation occurs in the early waves by producing blood cells without intermediate progenitors (such as the ‘primitive’ hematopoietic cells). The lineage relationship between the early hematopoietic cells and the cells giving rise to HSCs, the genetic networks controlling their emergence, and the precise temporal determination of HSC fate remain topics of intense research and debate. This Review article discusses the current knowledge on the step‐wise embryonic establishment of the adult hematopoietic system, examines the roles of pivotal intrinsic regulators in this process, and raises questions concerning the temporal onset of HSC fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Liis Kauts
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris S Vink
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Yu M, Al-Dallal S, Al-Haj L, Panjwani S, McCartney AS, Edwards SM, Manjunath P, Walker C, Awgulewitsch A, Hentges KE. Transcriptional regulation of the proto-oncogene Zfp521 by SPI1 (PU.1) and HOXC13. Genesis 2016; 54:519-533. [PMID: 27506447 PMCID: PMC5073027 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mouse zinc‐finger gene Zfp521 (also known as ecotropic viral insertion site 3; Evi3; and ZNF521 in humans) has been identified as a B‐cell proto‐oncogene, causing leukemia in mice following retroviral insertions in its promoter region that drive Zfp521 over‐expression. Furthermore, ZNF521 is expressed in human hematopoietic cells, and translocations between ZNF521 and PAX5 are associated with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the regulatory factors that control Zfp521 expression directly have not been characterized. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factors SPI1 (PU.1) and HOXC13 synergistically regulate Zfp521 expression, and identify the regions of the Zfp521 promoter required for this transcriptional activity. We also show that SPI1 and HOXC13 activate Zfp521 in a dose‐dependent manner. Our data support a role for this regulatory mechanism in vivo, as transgenic mice over‐expressing Hoxc13 in the fetal liver show a strong correlation between Hoxc13 expression levels and Zfp521 expression. Overall these experiments provide insights into the regulation of Zfp521 expression in a nononcogenic context. The identification of transcription factors capable of activating Zfp521 provides a foundation for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms involved in ZFP521‐driven cell differentiation processes and diseases linked to Zfp521 mis‐expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Salma Al-Dallal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Latifa Al-Haj
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Molecular Biomedicine Program, Program in Biomolecular Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shiraj Panjwani
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Akina S McCartney
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sarah M Edwards
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Pooja Manjunath
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catherine Walker
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Kathryn E Hentges
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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34
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Abstract
Zebrafish as a model system have been instrumental in understanding early vertebrate development, especially of the hematopoietic system. The external development of zebrafish and their genetic amenability have allowed in-depth studies of multiple blood cell types and their respective genetic regulation. This chapter highlights some new data in zebrafish hematopoiesis regarding primitive and definitive hematopoiesis in the embryonic and adult fish, allowing the isolation of prospective progenitor subsets. It also highlights assays developed to examine the function of these progenitors in vivo and in vitro, allowing an evolutionary understanding of the hematopoietic system and how zebrafish can be better utilized as a model system for a multitude of hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Stachura
- California State University, Chico, Chico, CA, United States
| | - D Traver
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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35
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliver Eid Bou Ghosn
- Department of Genetics and Immunology Program; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Genetics and Immunology Program; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
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37
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Yoshimoto M. The first wave of B lymphopoiesis develops independently of stem cells in the murine embryo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1362:16-22. [PMID: 25721392 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the developing mouse embryo, there are several waves of hematopoiesis. Primitive and definitive erythromyeloid lineages appear prior to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) emergence, and these waves are considered to be transient and support embryonic homeostasis until HSC-derived hematopoiesis is established. However, recent evidence strongly suggests that HSC-independent immune cells, such as tissue macrophages and some innate lymphoid cells, develop in the mouse embryo and persist into postnatal life. Innate type B-1 cells have also been reported to emerge from hemogenic endothelial cells in the extraembryonic yolk sac and para-aortic splanchnopleura, and continue to develop in the fetal liver, even in HSC-deficient mouse embryos. Here, this review discusses B-1 cell development in the context of the layered immune system hypothesis of B lymphopoiesis and the emergence of B-1 cells independent of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Yoshimoto
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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38
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Li Y, Esain V, Teng L, Xu J, Kwan W, Frost IM, Yzaguirre AD, Cai X, Cortes M, Maijenburg MW, Tober J, Dzierzak E, Orkin SH, Tan K, North TE, Speck NA. Inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production. Genes Dev 2014; 28:2597-612. [PMID: 25395663 PMCID: PMC4248291 DOI: 10.1101/gad.253302.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, Li et al. show that inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation. HSCs from aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) regions of midgestation mouse embryos expressed a robust innate immune/inflammatory signature. Mouse embryos lacking interferon γ (IFN-γ )or IFN-α signaling and zebrafish lacking IFN-γ and IFN-ϕ activity had fewer AGM HSPCs. IRF2-occupied genes identified in human fetal liver CD34+ HSPCs were actively transcribed in human and mouse HSPCs. Identifying signaling pathways that regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation in the embryo will guide efforts to produce and expand HSPCs ex vivo. Here we show that sterile tonic inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic HSPC formation. Expression profiling of progenitors with lymphoid potential and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) regions of midgestation mouse embryos revealed a robust innate immune/inflammatory signature. Mouse embryos lacking interferon γ (IFN-γ) or IFN-α signaling and zebrafish morphants lacking IFN-γ and IFN-ϕ activity had significantly fewer AGM HSPCs. Conversely, knockdown of IFN regulatory factor 2 (IRF2), a negative regulator of IFN signaling, increased expression of IFN target genes and HSPC production in zebrafish. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) combined with sequencing (ChIP-seq) and expression analyses demonstrated that IRF2-occupied genes identified in human fetal liver CD34+ HSPCs are actively transcribed in human and mouse HSPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the primitive myeloid population contributes to the local inflammatory response to impact the scale of HSPC production in the AGM region. Thus, sterile inflammatory signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway regulating the production of HSPCs during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Li Teng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Isaura M Frost
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda D Yzaguirre
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Xiongwei Cai
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Marijke W Maijenburg
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Joanna Tober
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
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Battista JM, Tallmadge RL, Stokol T, Felippe MJB. Hematopoiesis in the equine fetal liver suggests immune preparedness. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:635-49. [PMID: 25179685 PMCID: PMC4198492 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how the equine fetus prepares its pre-immune humoral repertoire for an imminent exposure to pathogens in the neonatal period, particularly how the primary hematopoietic organs are equipped to support B cell hematopoiesis and immunoglobulin (Ig) diversity. We demonstrated that the liver and the bone marrow at approximately 100 days of gestation (DG) are active sites of hematopoiesis based on the expression of signature messenger RNA (mRNA) (c-KIT, CD34, IL7R, CXCL12, IRF8, PU.1, PAX5, NOTCH1, GATA1, CEBPA) and protein markers (CD34, CD19, IgM, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD11b, CD172A) of hematopoietic development and leukocyte differentiation molecules, respectively. To verify Ig diversity achieved during the production of B cells, V(D)J segments were sequenced in primary lymphoid organs of the equine fetus and adult horse, revealing that similar heavy chain VDJ segments and CDR3 lengths were most frequently used independent of life stage. In contrast, different lambda light chain segments were predominant in equine fetal compared to adult stage, and surprisingly, the fetus had less restricted use of variable gene segments to construct the lambda chain. Fetal Igs also contained elements of sequence diversity, albeit to a smaller degree than that of the adult horse. Our data suggest that the B cells produced in the liver and bone marrow of the equine fetus generate a wide repertoire of pre-immune Igs for protection, and the more diverse use of different lambda variable gene segments in fetal life may provide the neonate an opportunity to respond to a wider range of antigens at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Battista
- Equine Immunology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA,
| | - RL Tallmadge
- Equine Immunology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA,
| | - T Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA,
| | - MJB Felippe
- Equine Immunology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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40
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Lin Y, Yoder MC, Yoshimoto M. Lymphoid progenitor emergence in the murine embryo and yolk sac precedes stem cell detection. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1168-77. [PMID: 24417306 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian embryos produce several waves of hematopoietic cells before the establishment of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) hierarchy. These early waves of embryonic hematopoiesis present a reversed hierarchy in which hematopoietic potential is first displayed by highly specialized cells that are derived from transient uni- and bipotent progenitor cells. Hematopoiesis progresses through multilineage erythro-myeloid progenitor cells that lack self-renewal potential and, subsequently, to make distinct lymphoid progenitor cells before culminating in detectable definitive HSC. This review provides an overview of the stepwise development of embryonic hematopoiesis. We focus on recent progress in demonstrating that lymphoid lineages emerge from hemogenic endothelial cells before the presence of definitive HSC activity and discuss the implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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41
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Yamane T, Washino A, Yamazaki H. Common developmental pathway for primitive erythrocytes and multipotent hematopoietic progenitors in early mouse development. Stem Cell Reports 2013; 1:590-603. [PMID: 24371812 PMCID: PMC3871389 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the hematopoietic system proceeds in a multistep manner. Primitive erythrocytes are the first hematopoietic cells to be observed that were produced transiently in developing embryos. Multilineage lymphohematopoiesis occurs after the primitive erythropoiesis. However, the lineage relationship of cells that comprise embryonic hematopoietic system is not well characterized. To clarify this process, careful analyses of the embryonic cells that differentiate into these cell lineages are necessary. We identified the common precursors of primitive erythrocytes and multipotent hematopoietic cells in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures and mouse embryos. A subset defined as CD45−CD41+AA4.1− cells showed bipotential capability to produce primitive erythrocytes and lymphomyeloid cells at the single-cell level. The cell population was present in vivo before hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) appeared. Our results show that primitive erythrocytes and lymphomyeloid cells are not completely separate cell lineages, and these precursors comprise the embryonic hematopoietic system before HSC emergence. Primitive erythrocytes and lymphomyeloid progenitors have bipotent precursors The precursors form primitive erythroid and lymphomyeloid cells in distinct waves The common precursors are noted in the yolk sac and embryo proper Primitive erythrocytes and lymphocytes can be derived from a single precursor cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamane
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Aya Washino
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yamazaki
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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42
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The zebrafish granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (Gcsfs): 2 paralogous cytokines and their roles in hematopoietic development and maintenance. Blood 2013; 122:3918-28. [PMID: 24128862 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-12-475392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Gcsf) drives the proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages (mφs) from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Analysis of the zebrafish genome indicates the presence of 2 Gcsf ligands, likely resulting from a duplication event in teleost evolution. Although Gcsfa and Gcsfb share low sequence conservation, they share significant similarity in their predicted ligand/receptor interaction sites and structure. Each ligand displays differential temporal expression patterns during embryogenesis and spatial expression patterns in adult animals. To determine the functions of each ligand, we performed loss- and gain-of-function experiments. Both ligands signal through the Gcsf receptor to expand primitive neutrophils and mφs, as well as definitive granulocytes. To further address their functions, we generated recombinant versions and tested them in clonal progenitor assays. These sensitive in vitro techniques indicated similar functional attributes in supporting HSPC growth and differentiation. Finally, in addition to supporting myeloid differentiation, zebrafish Gcsf is required for the specification and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, suggesting that Gcsf represents an ancestral cytokine responsible for the broad support of HSPCs. These findings may inform how hematopoietic cytokines evolved following the diversification of teleosts and mammals from a common ancestor.
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43
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Frame JM, McGrath KE, Palis J. Erythro-myeloid progenitors: "definitive" hematopoiesis in the conceptus prior to the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 51:220-5. [PMID: 24095199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMP) serve as a major source of hematopoiesis in the developing conceptus prior to the formation of a permanent blood system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the emergence, fate, and potential of this hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-independent wave of hematopoietic progenitors, focusing on the murine embryo as a model system. A better understanding of the temporal and spatial control of hematopoietic emergence in the embryo will ultimately improve our ability to derive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to serve therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Frame
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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44
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Böiers C, Carrelha J, Lutteropp M, Luc S, Green JCA, Azzoni E, Woll PS, Mead AJ, Hultquist A, Swiers G, Perdiguero EG, Macaulay IC, Melchiori L, Luis TC, Kharazi S, Bouriez-Jones T, Deng Q, Pontén A, Atkinson D, Jensen CT, Sitnicka E, Geissmann F, Godin I, Sandberg R, de Bruijn MFTR, Jacobsen SEW. Lymphomyeloid contribution of an immune-restricted progenitor emerging prior to definitive hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 13:535-48. [PMID: 24054998 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In jawed vertebrates, development of an adaptive immune-system is essential for protection of the born organism against otherwise life-threatening pathogens. Myeloid cells of the innate immune system are formed early in development, whereas lymphopoiesis has been suggested to initiate much later, following emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Herein, we demonstrate that the embryonic lymphoid commitment process initiates earlier than previously appreciated, prior to emergence of definitive HSCs, through establishment of a previously unrecognized entirely immune-restricted and lymphoid-primed progenitor. Notably, this immune-restricted progenitor appears to first emerge in the yolk sac and contributes physiologically to the establishment of lymphoid and some myeloid components of the immune-system, establishing the lymphomyeloid lineage restriction process as an early and physiologically important lineage-commitment step in mammalian hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Böiers
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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45
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Clements WK, Traver D. Signalling pathways that control vertebrate haematopoietic stem cell specification. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:336-48. [PMID: 23618830 PMCID: PMC4169178 DOI: 10.1038/nri3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tissue-specific stem cells that replenish all mature blood lineages during the lifetime of an individual. Clinically, HSCs form the foundation of transplantation-based therapies for leukaemias and congenital blood disorders. Researchers have long been interested in understanding the normal signalling mechanisms that specify HSCs in the embryo, in part because recapitulating these requirements in vitro might provide a means to generate immune-compatible HSCs for transplantation. Recent embryological work has demonstrated the existence of previously unknown signalling requirements. Moreover, it is now clear that gene expression in the nearby somite is integrally involved in regulating the transition of the embryonic endothelium to a haemogenic fate. Here, we review current knowledge of the intraembryonic signals required for the specification of HSCs in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K Clements
- Department of Hematology, Division of Experimental Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl., Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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46
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Abstract
The continuous production of T lymphocytes requires that hematopoietic progenitors developing in the bone marrow migrate to the thymus. Rare progenitors egress from the bone marrow into the circulation, then traffic via the blood to the thymus. It is now evident that thymic settling is tightly regulated by selectin ligands, chemokine receptors, and integrins, among other factors. Identification of these signals has enabled progress in identifying specific populations of hematopoietic progenitors that can settle the thymus. Understanding the nature of progenitor cells and the molecular mechanisms involved in thymic settling may allow for therapeutic manipulation of this process, and improve regeneration of the T lineage in patients with impaired T cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley L Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 264 John Morgan Building 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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47
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Kieusseian A, Brunet de la Grange P, Burlen-Defranoux O, Godin I, Cumano A. Immature hematopoietic stem cells undergo maturation in the fetal liver. Development 2012; 139:3521-30. [PMID: 22899849 DOI: 10.1242/dev.079210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are defined by their capacity to reconstitute adult conventional mice, are first found in the dorsal aorta after 10.5 days post coitus (dpc) and in the fetal liver at 11 dpc. However, lympho-myeloid hematopoietic progenitors are detected in the dorsal aorta from 9 dpc, raising the issue of their role in establishing adult hematopoiesis. Here, we show that these progenitors are endowed with long-term reconstitution capacity, but only engraft natural killer (NK)-deficient Rag2γc(-/-) mice. This novel population, called here immature HSCs, evolves in culture with thrombopoietin and stromal cells, into HSCs, defined by acquisition of CD45 and MHC-1 expression and by the capacity to reconstitute NK-competent mice. This evolution occurs during ontogeny, as early colonization of fetal liver by immature HSCs precedes that of HSCs. Moreover, organ culture experiments show that immature HSCs acquire, in this environment, the features of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Kieusseian
- Unite de Lymphopoièse, INSERM U668, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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48
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Autonomous murine T-cell progenitor production in the extra-embryonic yolk sac before HSC emergence. Blood 2012; 119:5706-14. [PMID: 22431573 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-397489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extra-embryonic yolk sac (YS) is the first hematopoietic site in the mouse embryo and is thought to generate only primitive erythroid and myeloerythroid progenitor cells before definitive HSC emergence within the embryo on E10.5. Here, we have shown the existence of T cell-restricted progenitors in the E9.5 YS that directly engraft in recipient immunodeficient mice. T-cell progenitors were also produced in vitro from both YS and para-aortic splanchnopleura hemogenic endothelial cells, and these T-cell progenitors repopulated the thymus and differentiated into mature T-cell subsets in vivo on transplantation. Our data confirm that the YS produces T-lineage-restricted progenitors that are available to colonize the thymus and provide new insight into the YS as a definitive hematopoietic site in the mouse embryo.
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49
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Emergence of NK-cell progenitors and functionally competent NK-cell lineage subsets in the early mouse embryo. Blood 2011; 120:63-75. [PMID: 22072559 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-02-337980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The earliest stages of natural killer (NK)-cell development are not well characterized. In this study, we investigated in different fetal hematopoietic tissues how NK-cell progenitors and their mature NK-cell progeny emerge and expand during fetal development. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that the counterpart of adult BM Lin(-)CD122(+)NK1.1(-)DX5(-) NK-cell progenitor (NKP) emerges in the fetal liver at E13.5. After NKP expansion, immature NK cells emerge at E14.5 in the liver and E15.5 in the spleen. Thymic NK cells arise at E15.5, whereas functionally competent cytotoxic NK cells were present in the liver and spleen at E16.5 and E17.5, respectively. Fetal NKPs failed to produce B and myeloid cells but sustained combined NK- and T-lineage potential at the single-cell level. NKPs were also found in the fetal blood, spleen, and thymus. These findings show the emergence and expansion of bipotent NK/T-cell progenitor during fetal and adult lymphopoiesis, further supporting that NK/T-lineage restriction is taking place prethymically. Uncovering the earliest NK-cell developmental stages will provide important clues, helping to understand the origin of diverse NK-cell subsets, their progenitors, and key regulators.
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50
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A somitic Wnt16/Notch pathway specifies haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 2011; 474:220-4. [PMID: 21654806 PMCID: PMC3304471 DOI: 10.1038/nature10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a self-renewing population that continuously replenish all blood and immune cells during the lifetime of an individual1, 2. HSCs are used clinically to treat a wide array of diseases, including acute leukaemias and congenital blood disorders, but obtaining suitable numbers of cells and finding immune compatible donors remain serious problems. These concerns have led to an interest in the conversion of embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells into HSCs, which is not possible using current methodologies. To accomplish this goal, it is critical to understand the native mechanisms involved in specification of HSCs during embryonic development. Here we demonstrate that Wnt16 controls a novel genetic regulatory network required for HSC specification. Non-canonical signaling by Wnt16 is required for somitic expression of the Notch ligands deltaC (dlc) and deltaD (dld), and these ligands are in turn required for establishment of definitive haematopoiesis. Notch signalling downstream of Dlc/Dld is earlier than, and distinct from known cell-autonomous requirements for Notch, strongly suggesting that novel Notch-dependent relay signal(s) induce the first HSCs in parallel to other established pathways. Our results demonstrate that somite-specific gene expression is required for the production of haemogenic endothelium.
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