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Ma J, Xia M, Guo J, Li W, Sun S, Chen B. MEK/ERK signaling drives the transdifferentiation of supporting cells into functional hair cells by modulating the Notch pathway. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:661-677. [PMID: 38709826 PMCID: PMC11227976 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of cochlear hair cells (HCs) leads to permanent hearing loss in mammals, and regenerative medicine is regarded as an ideal strategy for hearing recovery. Limited genetic and pharmaceutical approaches for HC regeneration have been established, and the existing strategies cannot achieve recovery of auditory function. A promising target to promote HC regeneration is MEK/ERK signaling because dynamic shifts in its activity during the critical stages of inner ear development have been observed. Here, we first showed that MEK/ERK signaling is activated specifically in supporting cells (SCs) after aminoglycoside-induced HC injury. We then selected 4 MEK/ERK signaling inhibitors, and PD0325901 (PD03) was found to induce the transdifferentiation of functional supernumerary HCs from SCs in the neonatal mammalian cochlear epithelium. We next found that PD03 facilitated the generation of HCs in inner ear organoids. Through genome-wide high-throughput RNA sequencing and verification, we found that the Notch pathway is the downstream target of MEK/ERK signaling. Importantly, delivery of PD03 into the inner ear induced mild HC regeneration in vivo. Our study thus reveals the importance of MEK/ERK signaling in cell fate determination and suggests that PD03 might serve as a new approach for HC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyao Ma
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
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deRiso J, Mukherjee M, Janga M, Simmons A, Kareta M, Tao J, Chandrasekar I, Surendran K. Kidney collecting duct cell type composition is regulated by Notch signaling via modulation of mTORC1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.587573. [PMID: 38645025 PMCID: PMC11030444 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.587573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The plasticity and diversity of cell types with specialized functions likely defines the capacity of multicellular organisms to adapt to physiologic stressors. The kidney collecting ducts contribute to water, electrolyte, and pH homeostasis and are composed of mature intermingled epithelial cell types that are susceptible to transdifferentiate. The conversion of kidney collecting duct principal cells to intercalated cells is actively inhibited by Notch signaling to ensure urine concentrating capability. Here we identify Hes1, a target of Notch signaling, allows for maintenance of functionally distinct epithelial cell types within the same microenvironment by regulating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. Hes1 directly represses the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 ( Irs1 ), an upstream component of mTOR pathway and suppresses mTORC1 activity in principal cells. Genetic inactivation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 ( Tsc2 ) to increase mTORC1 activity in mature principal cells is sufficient to promote acquisition of intercalated cell properties, while inhibition of mTORC1 in adult kidney epithelia suppresses intercalated cell properties. Considering that mTORC1 integrates environmental cues, the linkage of functionally distinct epithelial cell types to mTORC1 activity levels likely allows for cell plasticity to be regulated by physiologic and metabolic signals and the ability to sense/transduce these signals.
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Hosoya M, Fujioka M, Okano H, Ozawa H. Mapping of Notch signaling in the developing organ of Corti in common marmosets. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1188886. [PMID: 37351521 PMCID: PMC10282542 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1188886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The well-regulated development of the sensory epithelium is essential for hearing. This process involves the specification of a pro-sensory epithelium containing common progenitors that differentiate into hair and supporting cells. Notch signaling is one of the most critical pathways during these processes, and its modification is thought to be a feasible approach for treating hearing loss. Despite interspecies differences between rodents and primates or humans, most of our current knowledge regarding cochlear development has been obtained from rodent models. Methods We therefore examined and mapped the expression patterns of Notch signal components in the developing cochlea of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small monkey species native to the New World, a primate model animal. Results In contrast to the preserved expression patterns of the Notch signaling components in the hair cell differentiation between primates and rodents, we unveiled relatively large interspecies differences during the maturation of supporting cells. Discussion This improved knowledge of Notch signaling during primate cochlear development will facilitate the development of future regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Japan
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Reagor CC, Velez-Angel N, Hudspeth AJ. Depicting pseudotime-lagged causality across single-cell trajectories for accurate gene-regulatory inference. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad113. [PMID: 37113980 PMCID: PMC10129065 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the causal interactions in gene-regulatory networks requires an accurate understanding of the time-lagged relationships between transcription factors and their target genes. Here we describe DELAY (short for Depicting Lagged Causality), a convolutional neural network for the inference of gene-regulatory relationships across pseudotime-ordered single-cell trajectories. We show that combining supervised deep learning with joint probability matrices of pseudotime-lagged trajectories allows the network to overcome important limitations of ordinary Granger causality-based methods, for example, the inability to infer cyclic relationships such as feedback loops. Our network outperforms several common methods for inferring gene regulation and, when given partial ground-truth labels, predicts novel regulatory networks from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell ATAC sequencing (scATAC-seq) data sets. To validate this approach, we used DELAY to identify important genes and modules in the regulatory network of auditory hair cells, as well as likely DNA-binding partners for two hair cell cofactors (Hist1h1c and Ccnd1) and a novel binding sequence for the hair cell-specific transcription factor Fiz1. We provide an easy-to-use implementation of DELAY under an open-source license at https://github.com/calebclayreagor/DELAY.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Velez-Angel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Bai X, Xu K, Xie L, Qiu Y, Chen S, Sun Y. The Dual Roles of Triiodothyronine in Regulating the Morphology of Hair Cells and Supporting Cells during Critical Periods of Mouse Cochlear Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054559. [PMID: 36901990 PMCID: PMC10003541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, thyroid-related diseases such as endemic iodine deficiency and congenital hypothyroidism are associated with hearing loss, suggesting that thyroid hormones are essential for the development of normal hearing. Triiodothyronine (T3) is the main active form of thyroid hormone and its effect on the remodeling of the organ of Corti remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of T3 on the remodeling of the organ of Corti and supporting cells development during early development. In this study, mice treated with T3 at postnatal (P) day 0 or P1 showed severe hearing loss with disordered stereocilia of the outer hair cells (OHCs) and impaired function of mechanoelectrical transduction of OHCs. In addition, we found that treatment with T3 at P0 or P1 resulted in the overproduction of Deiter-like cells. Compared with the control group, the transcription levels of Sox2 and notch pathway-related genes in the cochlea of the T3 group were significantly downregulated. Furthermore, Sox2-haploinsufficient mice treated with T3 not only showed excess numbers of Deiter-like cells but also a large number of ectopic outer pillar cells (OPCs). Our study provides new evidence for the dual roles of T3 in regulating both hair cells and supporting cell development, suggesting that it is possible to increase the reserve of supporting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Le Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-27-8535-1632 (Y.S.)
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-27-8535-1632 (Y.S.)
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Chen X, Wan H, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Hua Q. Advances in Understanding the Notch Signaling Pathway in the Cochlea. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3266-3273. [PMID: 37990430 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128273532231103110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The cochlear structure is highly complex and specific, and its development is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Abnormalities in cochlear development can lead to different degrees of loss of function. Hair cells (HCs), which are difficult to regenerate in the mature mammalian cochlea, are susceptible to damage from noise and ototoxic drugs, and damage to HCs can cause hearing loss to varying degrees. Notch, a classical developmental signaling molecule, has been shown to be closely associated with embryonic cochlear development and plays an important role in HC regeneration in mammals, suggesting that the Notch signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for cochlear development and hearing impairment due to HC damage. In recent years, the important role of the Notch signaling pathway in the cochlea has received increasing attention. In this paper, we review the role of Notch signaling in cochlear development and HC regeneration, with the aim of providing new research ideas for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huanzhi Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yutong Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingquan Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Yagishita Y, Joshi T, Kensler TW, Wakabayashi N. Transcriptional Regulation of Math1 by Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: Effect on Math1 + Progenitor Cells in Mouse Small Intestine. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:43-63. [PMID: 36720468 PMCID: PMC9937019 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2022.2160610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the small intestine have been revealed as immunomodulatory and barrier functions. However, its contributions to cell fate regulation are incompletely understood. The Notch-activated signaling cascade is a central component of intestinal cell fate determinations. The lateral inhibitory mechanism governed by Notch directs cell fates toward distinct cell lineages (i.e., absorptive and secretory cell lineages) through its downstream effector, mouse atonal homolog 1 (MATH1). An investigation employing cell lines and intestinal crypt cells revealed that AhR regulates Math1 expression in a xenobiotic response element (XRE)-dependent manner. The AhR-Math1 axis was further addressed using intestinal organoids, where AhR-Math1 and HES1-Math1 axes appeared to coexist within the underlying Math1 transcriptional machinery. When the HES1-Math1 axis was pharmacologically suppressed, β-naphthoflavone-mediated AhR activation increased the number of goblet and Math1+ progenitor cells in the organoids. The same pharmacological dissection of the AhR-Math1 axis was applied in vivo, demonstrating an enhanced number of Math1+ progenitor cells in the small intestine following AhR activation. We report here that AhR-Math1 is a direct transcriptional axis with effects on Math1+ progenitor cells in the small intestine, highlighting a novel molecular basis for fine-tuning Notch-mediated cell fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yagishita
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tanvi Joshi
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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8
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Briceño MP, Cariaco Y, Almeida MPO, Miranda NC, Araujo ECB, Santos SN, Bernardes ES, Silva NM. Effects of Notch signaling pathway inhibition by dibenzazepine in acute experimental toxoplasmosis. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Deng X, Hu Z. Hearing Recovery Induced by DNA Demethylation in a Chemically Deafened Adult Mouse Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:792089. [PMID: 35250483 PMCID: PMC8891629 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.792089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional hair cell regeneration in the adult mammalian inner ear remains challenging. This study aimed to study the function of new hair cells induced by a DNA demethylating agent 5-azacytidine. Adult mice were deafened chemically, followed by injection of 5-azacytidine or vehicle into the inner ear. Functionality of regenerated hair cells was evaluated by expression of hair cell proteins, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests for 6 weeks. In the vehicle-treated group, no cells expressed the hair cell-specific protein myosin VIIa in the cochlea, whereas numerous myosin VIIa-expressing cells were found in the 5-azacytidine-treated cochlea, suggesting the regeneration of auditory hair cells. Moreover, regenerated hair cells were co-labeled with functional proteins espin and prestin. Expression of ribbon synapse proteins suggested synapse formation between new hair cells and neurons. In hearing tests, progressive improvements in ABR [5–30 dB sound pressure level (SPL)] and DPOAE (5–20 dB) thresholds were observed in 5-azacytidine-treated mice. In vehicle-treated mice, there were <5 dB threshold changes in hearing tests. This study demonstrated the ability of 5-azacytidine to promote the functional regeneration of auditory hair cells in a mature mouse model via DNA demethylation, which may provide insights into hearing regeneration using an epigenetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (HNS), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zhengqing Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (HNS), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhengqing Hu,
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Li W, Quan Y, Huang M, Wei W, Shu Y, Li H, Chen ZY. A Novel in vitro Model Delineating Hair Cell Regeneration and Neural Reinnervation in Adult Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:757831. [PMID: 35082601 PMCID: PMC8785685 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.757831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of an adult mammalian auditory system, such as regeneration, has been hampered by the lack of an in vitro system in which hypotheses can be tested efficiently. This is primarily due to the fact that the adult inner ear is encased in the toughest bone of the body, whereas its removal leads to the death of the sensory epithelium in culture. We hypothesized that we could take advantage of the integral cochlear structure to maintain the overall inner ear architecture and improve sensory epithelium survival in culture. We showed that by culturing adult mouse cochlea with the (surrounding) bone intact, the supporting cells (SCs) survived and almost all hair cells (HCs) degenerated. To evaluate the utility of the explant culture system, we demonstrated that the overexpression of Atoh1, an HC fate-determining factor, is sufficient to induce transdifferentiation of adult SCs to HC-like cells (HCLCs). Transdifferentiation-derived HCLCs resemble developmentally young HCs and are able to attract adult ganglion neurites. Furthermore, using a damage model, we showed that degenerated adult ganglions respond to regenerated HCLCs by directional neurite outgrowth that leads to HCLC-neuron contacts, strongly supporting the intrinsic properties of the HCLCs in establishing HCLC-neuron connections. The adult whole cochlear explant culture is suitable for diverse studies of the adult inner ear including regeneration, HC-neuron pathways, and inner ear drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhou Quan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mingqian Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yilai Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Huawei Li,
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States
- Zheng-Yi Chen,
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Hu Z, Singh A, Bojrab D, Sim N. Insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating mammalian hair cell regeneration. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 29:400-406. [PMID: 34374666 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To give an overview of recent advances in mammalian auditory hair cell regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Supporting cells act as progenitors to regenerate hair cells in the prehearing mammalian cochlea but not in the mature cochlea. To overcome this developmental obstacle, manipulation of multiple genes and intracellular pathways has been investigated, which has obtained promising data. This review focuses on recent advances in auditory hair cell regeneration, including synergic gene regulation associated with Atoh1 and Notch signaling, epigenetics, and functional recovery of regenerated hair cells. Co-manipulation of genes critical for hair cell development and cell cycle re-entry, including Atoh1, Isl1, Pou4f3, Gata3, Gfi1, P27kip1, RB, Myc, and Notch-signaling genes, has generated hair cell-like cells in the adult cochlea both in vitro and in vivo. The epigenetic mechanism has been studied in hair cell development and regeneration. Regeneration of hair cell function has a very limited progress, which lacks in-vitro and in-vivo electrophysiology data. SUMMARY Regeneration of adult auditory hair cells remains a major challenge. Manipulation of multiple genes and pathways together with epigenetic regulation might potentially regenerate functional hair cells in the adult mammalian cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Hu
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
| | - Dennis Bojrab
- Michigan Ear Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathan Sim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
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Differential genetic diagnoses of adult post-lingual hearing loss according to the audiogram pattern and novel candidate gene evaluation. Hum Genet 2021; 141:915-927. [PMID: 34519870 PMCID: PMC9034979 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ski-slope hearing loss (HL), which refers to increased auditory threshold at high frequencies, is common in adults. However, genetic contributions to this post-lingual HL remain largely unknown. Here, we prospectively investigated deafness-associated and novel candidate genes causing ski-slope HL. We analyzed 192 families with post-lingual HL via gene panel and/or exome sequencing. With an overall molecular diagnostic rate of 35.4% (68/192) in post-lingual HL, ski-slope HL showed a lower diagnostic rate (30.7%) compared with other conditions (40.7%). In patients who showed HL onset before the age of 40, genetic diagnostic probability was significantly lower for ski-slope HL than for other conditions. Further analysis of 51 genetically undiagnosed patients in the ski-slope HL group identified three variants in delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1), a Notch ligand, which presented in vitro gain-of-function effects on Notch downstream signaling. In conclusion, genetic diagnostic rates in post-lingual HL varied according to audiogram patterns with age-of-onset as a confounding factor. DLL1 was identified as a candidate gene causing ski-slope HL.
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Qi Y, Xiong W, Yu S, Du Z, Qu T, He L, Wei W, Zhang L, Liu K, Li Y, He DZ, Gong S. Deletion of C1ql1 Causes Hearing Loss and Abnormal Auditory Nerve Fibers in the Mouse Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:713651. [PMID: 34512267 PMCID: PMC8424102 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.713651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement C1q Like 1 (C1QL1), a secreted component of C1Q-related protein, is known to play an important role in synaptic maturation, regulation, and maintenance in the central nervous system. C1ql1 is expressed in adult cochlear inner and outer hair cells (IHCs and OHCs) with preferential expression in OHCs. We generated C1ql1 null mice to examine the role of C1QL1 in the auditory periphery. C1ql1-null mice exhibited progressive hearing loss with elevated thresholds of auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission. Confocal microscopy showed that the number of nerve fibers innervating both IHCs and OHCs was significantly reduced. However, spiral ganglion neurons appeared to be normal under electron microscopy. IHC development and survival were not affected by deletion of C1ql1. Voltage-clamp recording and immunocytochmistry combined with confocal microscopy showed C1ql1-null IHCs showed no significant reduction of pre-synaptic proteins and synaptic vesicle release. This is in contrast to significant OHC loss in the KO mice. Our study suggests that C1ql1 is essential for development of hair cell innervation and OHC survival. But maturation of presynaptic machinery in IHCs does not depend on C1QL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shukui Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengde Du
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Otology, Sheng Jing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingjun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - David Z He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shusheng Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Erni ST, Gill JC, Palaferri C, Fernandes G, Buri M, Lazarides K, Grandgirard D, Edge ASB, Leib SL, Roccio M. Hair Cell Generation in Cochlear Culture Models Mediated by Novel γ-Secretase Inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710159. [PMID: 34485296 PMCID: PMC8414802 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is prevalent within society affecting the quality of life of 460 million worldwide. In the majority of cases, this is due to insult or degeneration of mechanosensory hair cells in the cochlea. In adult mammals, hair cell loss is irreversible as sensory cells are not replaced spontaneously. Genetic inhibition of Notch signaling had been shown to induce hair cell formation by transdifferentiation of supporting cells in young postnatal rodents and provided an impetus for targeting Notch pathway with small molecule inhibitors for hearing restoration. Here, the oto-regenerative potential of different γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) was evaluated in complementary assay models, including cell lines, organotypic cultures of the organ of Corti and cochlear organoids to characterize two novel GSIs (CPD3 and CPD8). GSI-treatment induced hair cell gene expression in all these models and was effective in increasing hair cell numbers, in particular outer hair cells, both in baseline conditions and in response to ototoxic damage. Hair cells were generated from transdifferentiation of supporting cells. Similar findings were obtained in cochlear organoid cultures, used for the first time to probe regeneration following sisomicin-induced damage. Finally, effective absorption of a novel GSI through the round window membrane and hair cell induction was attained in a whole cochlea culture model and in vivo pharmacokinetic comparisons of transtympanic delivery of GSIs and different vehicle formulations were successfully conducted in guinea pigs. This preclinical evaluation of targeting Notch signaling with novel GSIs illustrates methods of characterization for hearing restoration molecules, enabling translation to more complex animal studies and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia T Erni
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John C Gill
- Audion Therapeutics B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlotta Palaferri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Fernandes
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Buri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Denis Grandgirard
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marta Roccio
- Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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The crosstalk between the Notch, Wnt, and SHH signaling pathways in regulating the proliferation and regeneration of sensory progenitor cells in the mouse cochlea. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:281-296. [PMID: 34223978 PMCID: PMC8557196 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Sensory hair cells (HCs) are highly susceptible to damage by noise, ototoxic drugs, and aging. Although HCs cannot be spontaneously regenerated in adult mammals, previous studies have shown that signaling pathways are involved in HC regeneration in the damaged mouse cochlea. Here, we used a Notch antagonist (DAPT), a Wnt agonist (QS11), and recombinant Sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein to investigate their concerted actions underlying HC regeneration in the mouse cochlea after neomycin-induced damage both in vivo and in vitro. With DAPT, the numbers of HCs increased, and supporting cell (SC) proliferation was seen in both the intact and damaged cochlear sensory epithelia, while these numbers were unchanged in the presence of QS11. When simultaneously treated with DAPT and QS11, the number of HCs increased dramatically, and much greater SC proliferation was seen in the cochlear epithelium. In transgenic mice with both Notch1 conditional knockout and β-catenin over-expression, cochlear SC proliferation and HC regeneration were more obvious than in either Notch1 knockout or β-catenin over-expressing mice separately. When cochleae were treated with DAPT, QS11, and SHH together, SC proliferation was even greater, and this proliferation was seen in both the HC region and the greater epithelial ridge. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to identify the differentially expressed genes between all groups, and the results showed that the SHH and Wnt signaling pathways are involved in SC proliferation. Our study suggests that co-regulation of the Notch, Wnt, and SHH signaling pathways promotes extensive cell proliferation and regeneration in the mouse cochlea.
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16
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Batissoco AC, Lezirovitz K, Zanatta DB, Hemza CRML, Vasques LR, Strauss BE, Mingroni-Netto RC, Haddad LA, Bento RF, Oiticica J. Cochlea cell-specific marker expression upon in vitro Hes1 knockdown. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10579. [PMID: 34008754 PMCID: PMC8130059 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NOTCH pathway proteins, including the transcriptional factor HES1, play crucial roles in the development of the inner ear by means of the lateral inhibition mechanism, in which supporting cells have their phenotype preserved while they are prevented from becoming hair cells. Genetic manipulation of this pathway has been demonstrated to increase hair cell number. The present study aimed to investigate gene expression effects in hair cells and supporting cells after Hes1-shRNA lentivirus transduction in organotypic cultures of the organ of Corti from postnatal-day-3 mice. Forty-eight hours after in vitro knockdown, Hes1 gene expression was reduced at both mRNA and protein levels. Myo7a (hair cell marker) and Sox2 (progenitor cell marker) mRNA levels also significantly increased. The modulation of gene expression in the organ of Corti upon Hes1 knockdown is consistent with cell phenotypes related to lateral inhibition mechanism interference in the inner ear. The lentivirus-based expression of Hes1-shRNA is a valuable strategy for genetic interference in the organ of Corti and for future evaluation of its efficacy in protocols aiming at the regeneration of hair cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Batissoco
- Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - K Lezirovitz
- Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - D B Zanatta
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - C R M L Hemza
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L R Vasques
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - B E Strauss
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - R C Mingroni-Netto
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L A Haddad
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R F Bento
- Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J Oiticica
- Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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17
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Hearing Loss Caused by HCMV Infection through Regulating the Wnt and Notch Signaling Pathways. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040623. [PMID: 33917368 PMCID: PMC8067389 DOI: 10.3390/v13040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory disabilities worldwide with huge social and economic burdens. The leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children is congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Though the implementation of universal screening and early intervention such as antiviral or anti-inflammatory ameliorate the severity of CMV-associated diseases, direct and targeted therapeutics is still seriously lacking. The major hurdle for it is that the mechanism of CMV induced SNHL has not yet been well understood. In this review, we focus on the impact of CMV infection on the key players in inner ear development including the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. Investigations on these interactions may gain new insights into viral pathogenesis and reveal novel targets for therapy.
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18
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Constitutive Activation of Nrf2 in Mice Expands Enterogenesis in Small Intestine Through Negative Regulation of Math1. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:503-524. [PMID: 32896624 PMCID: PMC7797379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Notch signaling coordinates cell differentiation processes in the intestinal epithelium. The transcription factor Nrf2 orchestrates defense mechanisms by regulating cellular redox homeostasis, which, as shown previously in murine liver, can be amplified through signaling crosstalk with the Notch pathway. However, interplay between these 2 signaling pathways in the gut is unknown. METHODS Mice modified genetically to amplify Nrf2 in the intestinal epithelium (Keap1f/f::VilCre) were generated as well as pharmacological activation of Nrf2 and subjected to phenotypic and cell lineage analyses. Cell lines were used for reporter gene assays together with Nrf2 overexpression to study transcriptional regulation of the Notch downstream effector. RESULTS Constitutive activation of Nrf2 signaling caused increased intestinal length along with expanded cell number and thickness of enterocytes without any alterations of secretory lineage, outcomes abrogated by concomitant disruption of Nrf2. The Nrf2 and Notch pathways in epithelium showed inverse spatial profiles, where Nrf2 activity in crypts was lower than villi. In progenitor cells of Keap1f/f::VilCre mice, Notch downstream effector Math1, which regulates a differentiation balance of cell lineage through lateral inhibition, showed suppressed expression. In vitro results demonstrated Nrf2 negatively regulated Math1, where 6 antioxidant response elements located in the regulatory regions contributed to this repression. CONCLUSIONS Activation of Nrf2 perturbed the dialog of the Notch cascade though negative regulation of Math1 in progenitor cells, leading to enhanced enterogenesis. The crosstalk between the Nrf2 and Notch pathways could be critical for fine-tuning intestinal homeostasis and point to new approaches for the pharmacological management of absorptive deficiencies.
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19
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Abstract
The cochlea, a coiled structure located in the ventral region of the inner ear, acts as the primary structure for the perception of sound. Along the length of the cochlear spiral is the organ of Corti, a highly derived and rigorously patterned sensory epithelium that acts to convert auditory stimuli into neural impulses. The development of the organ of Corti requires a series of inductive events that specify unique cellular characteristics and axial identities along its three major axes. Here, we review recent studies of the cellular and molecular processes regulating several aspects of cochlear development, such as axial patterning, cochlear outgrowth and cellular differentiation. We highlight how the precise coordination of multiple signaling pathways is required for the successful formation of a complete organ of Corti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Carroll Driver
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew W Kelley
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Guo L, Zhang Z, Shao B, Qi J, Zhou H, Zhu W, Yan X, Hong G, Zhang L, Zhang X, Tang M, Zhao C, Gao X, Chai R. Knockdown of Foxg1 in supporting cells increases the trans-differentiation of supporting cells into hair cells in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1401-1419. [PMID: 31485717 PMCID: PMC7113235 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Foxg1 is one of the forkhead box genes that are involved in morphogenesis, cell fate determination, and proliferation, and Foxg1 was previously reported to be required for morphogenesis of the mammalian inner ear. However, Foxg1 knock-out mice die at birth, and thus the role of Foxg1 in regulating hair cell (HC) regeneration after birth remains unclear. Here we used Sox2CreER/+ Foxg1loxp/loxp mice and Lgr5-EGFPCreER/+ Foxg1loxp/loxp mice to conditionally knock down Foxg1 specifically in Sox2+ SCs and Lgr5+ progenitors, respectively, in neonatal mice. We found that Foxg1 conditional knockdown (cKD) in Sox2+ SCs and Lgr5+ progenitors at postnatal day (P)1 both led to large numbers of extra HCs, especially extra inner HCs (IHCs) at P7, and these extra IHCs with normal hair bundles and synapses could survive at least to P30. The EdU assay failed to detect any EdU+ SCs, while the SC number was significantly decreased in Foxg1 cKD mice, and lineage tracing data showed that much more tdTomato+ HCs originated from Sox2+ SCs in Foxg1 cKD mice compared to the control mice. Moreover, the sphere-forming assay showed that Foxg1 cKD in Lgr5+ progenitors did not significantly change their sphere-forming ability. All these results suggest that Foxg1 cKD promotes HC regeneration and leads to large numbers of extra HCs probably by inducing direct trans-differentiation of SCs and progenitors to HCs. Real-time qPCR showed that cell cycle and Notch signaling pathways were significantly down-regulated in Foxg1 cKD mice cochlear SCs. Together, this study provides new evidence for the role of Foxg1 in regulating HC regeneration from SCs and progenitors in the neonatal mouse cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Buwei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Guodong Hong
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
- Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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21
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Notch Signalling: The Multitask Manager of Inner Ear Development and Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1218:129-157. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34436-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Novel insights into inner ear development and regeneration for targeted hearing loss therapies. Hear Res 2019; 397:107859. [PMID: 31810596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans. Despite the global scale of the problem, only limited treatment options are available today. The mammalian inner ear is a highly specialized postmitotic organ, which lacks proliferative or regenerative capacity. Since the discovery of hair cell regeneration in non-mammalian species however, much attention has been placed on identifying possible strategies to reactivate similar responses in humans. The development of successful regenerative approaches for hearing loss strongly depends on a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that control human inner ear cellular specification, differentiation and function, as well as on the development of robust in vitro cellular assays, based on human inner ear cells, to study these processes and optimize therapeutic interventions. We summarize here some aspects of inner ear development and strategies to induce regeneration that have been investigated in rodents. Moreover, we discuss recent findings in human inner ear development and compare the results with findings from animal models. Finally, we provide an overview of strategies for in vitro generation of human sensory cells from pluripotent and somatic progenitors that may provide a platform for drug development and validation of therapeutic strategies in vitro.
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23
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Munnamalai V, Fekete DM. The acquisition of positional information across the radial axis of the cochlea. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:281-297. [PMID: 31566832 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Munnamalai
- The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor Maine
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of Maine Orono Maine
- The Neuroscience ProgramSackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Donna M. Fekete
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience West Lafayette Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research West Lafayette Indiana
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24
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Unidirectional and stage-dependent roles of Notch1 in Wnt-responsive Lgr5 + cells during mouse inner ear development. Front Med 2019; 13:705-712. [PMID: 31598881 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Wnt and Notch signaling play crucial roles in the determination of the prosensory domain and in the differentiation of hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells during mouse inner ear development; however, the relationship between the two signaling pathways in the mouse cochlea remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the interactions between Notch and Wnt signaling on the basis of the bidirectional regulation of Notch1 specifically in Wnt-responsive Lgr5+ progenitors during different cochlear development stages. We found that the downregulation of Notch1 in Lgr5+ cells from embryonic day (E) 14.5 to E18.5 can drive the quiescent Lgr5+ cells to re-enter the cell cycle and differentiate into extra HCs, whereas the upregulation of Notch1 expression did not affect the proliferation or differentiation of otic progenitor cells. No effect was observed on the upregulation or downregulation of Notch1 in Lgr5+ cells from E10.5 to E14.5. We concluded that the roles of Notch1 in Wnt-responsive Lgr5+ cells are unidirectional and stage dependent and Notch1 serves as a negative regulator for Lgr5+ progenitor activation during cochlear differentiation. Our findings improved the understanding of the interactions between Notch and Wnt signaling in cochlear development.
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25
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Naz S, Friedman TB. Growth factor and receptor malfunctions associated with human genetic deafness. Clin Genet 2019; 97:138-155. [PMID: 31506927 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A variety of different signaling pathways are necessary for development and maintenance of the human auditory system. Normal hearing allows for the detection of soft sounds within the frequency range of 20 to 20 000 Hz, but more importantly to perceive the human voice frequency band of 250 to 6000 Hz. Loss of hearing is common, and is a clinically heterogeneous disorder that can be caused by environmental factors such as exposure to loud noise, infections and ototoxic drugs. In addition, variants of hundreds of genes have been reported to disrupt processes required for hearing. Noncoding regulatory variants and variants of additional genes necessary for hearing remain to be discovered as many individuals with inherited deafness are without a genetic diagnosis, despite the advent of whole exome sequencing. Here, we discuss in detail some of these deafness-causing variants of genes encoding a ligand or its receptor. Spotlighted in this review are three growth factor-receptor-pairs EDN3/EDNRB, HGF/MET and JAG/NOTCH, which individually are necessary for normal hearing. We also offer our perspective on unanswered questions, future challenges and potential opportunities for treatments emerging from molecular genetic and mechanistic studies of deafness due to these causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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26
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Open chromatin dynamics in prosensory cells of the embryonic mouse cochlea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9060. [PMID: 31227770 PMCID: PMC6588700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is often due to the absence or the degeneration of hair cells in the cochlea. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the generation of hair cells may therefore lead to better treatments for hearing disorders. To elucidate the transcriptional control mechanisms specifying the progenitor cells (i.e. prosensory cells) that generate the hair cells and support cells critical for hearing function, we compared chromatin accessibility using ATAC-seq in sorted prosensory cells (Sox2-EGFP+) and surrounding cells (Sox2-EGFP−) from E12, E14.5 and E16 cochlear ducts. In Sox2-EGFP+, we find greater accessibility in and near genes restricted in expression to the prosensory region of the cochlear duct including Sox2, Isl1, Eya1 and Pou4f3. Furthermore, we find significant enrichment for the consensus binding sites of Sox2, Six1 and Gata3—transcription factors required for prosensory development—in the open chromatin regions. Over 2,200 regions displayed differential accessibility with developmental time in Sox2-EGFP+ cells, with most changes in the E12-14.5 window. Open chromatin regions detected in Sox2-EGFP+ cells map to over 48,000 orthologous regions in the human genome that include regions in genes linked to deafness. Our results reveal a dynamic landscape of open chromatin in prosensory cells with potential implications for cochlear development and disease.
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McGovern MM, Randle MR, Cuppini CL, Graves KA, Cox BC. Multiple supporting cell subtypes are capable of spontaneous hair cell regeneration in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Development 2019; 146:146/4/dev171009. [PMID: 30770379 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supporting cells (SCs) are known to spontaneously regenerate hair cells (HCs) in the neonatal mouse cochlea, yet little is known about the relative contribution of distinct SC subtypes which differ in morphology and function. We have previously shown that HC regeneration is linked to Notch signaling, and some SC subtypes, but not others, lose expression of the Notch effector Hes5 Other work has demonstrated that Lgr5-positive SCs have an increased capacity to regenerate HCs; however, several SC subtypes express Lgr5. To further investigate the source for spontaneous HC regeneration, we used three CreER lines to fate-map distinct groups of SCs during regeneration. Fate-mapping either alone or combined with a mitotic tracer showed that pillar and Deiters' cells contributed more regenerated HCs overall. However, when normalized to the total fate-mapped population, pillar, Deiters', inner phalangeal and border cells had equal capacity to regenerate HCs, and all SC subtypes could divide after HC damage. Investigating the mechanisms that allow individual SC subtypes to regenerate HCs and the postnatal changes that occur in each group during maturation could lead to therapies for hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M McGovern
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Michelle R Randle
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Candice L Cuppini
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Kaley A Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Brandon C Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA .,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
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28
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Zhong C, Fu Y, Pan W, Yu J, Wang J. Atoh1 and other related key regulators in the development of auditory sensory epithelium in the mammalian inner ear: function and interplay. Dev Biol 2019; 446:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Stem Cells: A New Hope for Hearing Loss Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1130:165-180. [PMID: 30915707 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6123-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Permanent hearing loss was considered which cannot be cured since cochlear hair cells and primary afferent neurons cannot be regenerated. In recent years, due to the in-depth study of stem cell and its therapeutic potential, regenerating auditory sensory cells is made possible. By using two strategies of endogenous stem cell activation and exogenous stem cell transplantation, researchers hope to find methods to restore hearing function. However, there are complex factors that need to be considered in the in vivo application of stem cell therapy, such as stem cell-type choice, signaling pathway regulations, transplantation approaches, internal environment of the cochlea, and external stimulation. After years of investigations, some theoretic progress has been made in the treatment of hearing loss using stem cells, but there are also many problems which limited its application that need to be solved. Understanding the future perspective of stem cell therapy in hearing loss, solving the encountered problems, and promoting its development are the common goals of audiological researchers. In this review, we present critical experimental findings of stem cell therapy on treatment of hearing loss and intend to bring hope to researchers and patients.
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He Z, Fang Q, Li H, Shao B, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Han X, Guo R, Cheng C, Guo L, Shi L, Li A, Yu C, Kong W, Zhao C, Gao X, Chai R. The role of FOXG1 in the postnatal development and survival of mouse cochlear hair cells. Neuropharmacology 2018; 144:43-57. [PMID: 30336149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic interventions for hearing loss requires a detailed understanding of the genes and proteins involved in hearing. The FOXG1 protein plays an important role in early neural development and in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous studies have shown that there are severe deformities in the inner ear in Foxg1 knockout mice, but due to the postnatal lethality of Foxg1 knockout mice, the role of FOXG1 in hair cell (HC) development and survival during the postnatal period has not been investigated. In this study, we took advantage of transgenic mice that have a specific knockout of Foxg1 in HCs, thus allowing us to explore the role of FOXG1 in postnatal HC development and survival. In the Foxg1 conditional knockout (CKO) HCs, an extra row of HCs appeared in the apical turn of the cochlea and some parts of the middle turn at postnatal day (P)1 and P7; however, these HCs gradually underwent apoptosis, and the HC number was significantly decreased by P21. Auditory brainstem response tests showed that the Foxg1 CKO mice had lost their hearing by P30. The RNA-Seq results and the qPCR verification both showed that the Wnt, Notch, IGF, EGF, and Hippo signaling pathways were down-regulated in the HCs of Foxg1 CKO mice. The significant down-regulation of the Notch signaling pathway might be the reason for the increased numbers of HCs in the cochleae of Foxg1 CKO mice at P1 and P7, while the down-regulation of the Wnt, IGF, and EGF signaling pathways might lead to subsequent HC apoptosis. Together, these results indicate that knockout of Foxg1 induces an extra row of HCs via Notch signaling inhibition and induces subsequent apoptosis of these HCs by inhibiting the Wnt, IGF, and EGF signaling pathways. This study thus provides new evidence for the function and mechanism of FOXG1 in HC development and survival in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong He
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Buwei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rongrong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lusen Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chenjie Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China.
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
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Youm I, Li W. Cochlear hair cell regeneration: an emerging opportunity to cure noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1564-1569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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McGovern MM, Zhou L, Randle MR, Cox BC. Spontaneous Hair Cell Regeneration Is Prevented by Increased Notch Signaling in Supporting Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:120. [PMID: 29780306 PMCID: PMC5945818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, differentiation of cochlear progenitor cells into hair cells (HCs) or supporting cells (SCs) is partially controlled through Notch signaling. Many studies have shown that inhibition of Notch signaling allows SCs to convert into HCs in both normal and drug damaged neonatal mouse cochleae. This mechanism is also implicated during HC regeneration in non-mammalian vertebrates; however, the mechanism of spontaneous HC regeneration in the neonatal mouse cochlea is less understood. While inhibition of Notch signaling can force SCs to convert into HCs and increase the number of regenerated HCs, it is currently unknown whether this pathway is involved in spontaneous HC regeneration observed in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the role of Notch signaling during the spontaneous HC regeneration process using Atoh1-CreERTM::Rosa26loxP-stop-loxP-DTA/+ mice injected with tamoxifen at postnatal day (P) 0 and P1 to ablate HCs and stimulate spontaneous HC regeneration. Expression changes of genes in the Notch pathway were measured using immunostaining and in situ hybridization, with most changes observed in the apical one-third of the cochlea where the majority of HC regeneration occurs. Expression of the Notch target genes Hes1, Hes5, Hey1, HeyL, and Jagged1 were decreased. To investigate whether reduction of Notch signaling is involved in the spontaneous HC regeneration process, we overexpressed the Notch1 intracellular fragment (N1ICD) in cochlear SCs and other non-sensory epithelial cells in the context of HC damage. Specifically, Atoh1-CreERTM::Rosa26loxP-stop-loxP-DTA/+::Sox10rtTA::TetO-LacZ::TetO-N1ICD mice were injected with tamoxifen at P0/P1 to stimulate spontaneous HC regeneration and given doxycycline from P0-P7 to induce expression of N1ICD as well as LacZ for fate-mapping. We observed a 92% reduction in the number of fate-mapped regenerated HCs in mice with N1ICD overexpression compared to controls with HC damage but no manipulation of Notch signaling. Therefore, we conclude that increased Notch signaling prevents spontaneous HC regeneration from occurring in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Understanding which components of the Notch pathway regulates regenerative plasticity in the neonatal mouse cochlea will inform investigations focused on stimulating HC regeneration in mature cochlea and eventually in humans to treat hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. McGovern
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Luyi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Michelle R. Randle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Brandon C. Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, United States
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33
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You D, Guo L, Li W, Sun S, Chen Y, Chai R, Li H. Characterization of Wnt and Notch-Responsive Lgr5+ Hair Cell Progenitors in the Striolar Region of the Neonatal Mouse Utricle. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:137. [PMID: 29760650 PMCID: PMC5937014 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in hearing and balance are largely connected with hair cell (HC) loss. Although regeneration of HCs in the adult cochlea does not occur, there is still limited capacity for HC regeneration in the mammalian utricle from a distinct population of supporting cells (SCs). In response to HC damage, these Lgr5+ SCs, especially those in the striolar region, can regenerate HCs. In this study, we isolated Lgr5+ SCs and Plp1+ SCs (which originate from the striolar and extrastriolar regions, respectively) from transgenic mice by flow cytometry so as to compare the properties of these two subsets of SCs. We found that the Lgr5+ progenitors had greater proliferation and HC regeneration ability than the Plp1+ SCs and that the Lgr5+ progenitors responded more strongly to Wnt and Notch signaling than Plp1+ SCs. We then compared the gene expression profiles of the two populations by RNA-Seq and identified several genes that were significantly differentially expressed between the two populations, including genes involved in the cell cycle, transcription and cell signaling pathways. Targeting these genes and pathways might be a potential way to activate HC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan You
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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34
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Li Y, Jia S, Liu H, Tateya T, Guo W, Yang S, Beisel KW, He DZZ. Characterization of Hair Cell-Like Cells Converted From Supporting Cells After Notch Inhibition in Cultures of the Organ of Corti From Neonatal Gerbils. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:73. [PMID: 29662441 PMCID: PMC5890164 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The senses of hearing and balance depend upon hair cells, the sensory receptors of the inner ear. Hair cells transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical activity. Loss of hair cells as a result of aging or exposure to noise and ototoxic drugs is the major cause of noncongenital hearing and balance deficits. In the ear of non-mammals, lost hair cells can spontaneously be replaced by production of new hair cells from conversion of supporting cells. Although supporting cells in adult mammals have lost that capability, neonatal supporting cells are able to convert to hair cells after inhibition of Notch signaling. We questioned whether Notch inhibition is sufficient to convert supporting cells to functional hair cells using electrophysiology and electron microscopy. We showed that pharmacological inhibition of the canonical Notch pathway in the cultured organ of Corti prepared from neonatal gerbils induced stereocilia formation in supporting cells (defined as hair cell-like cells or HCLCs) and supernumerary stereocilia in hair cells. The newly emerged stereocilia bundles of HCLCs were functional, i.e., able to respond to mechanical stimulation with mechanotransduction (MET) current. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that HCLCs converted from pillar cells maintained the pillar cell shape and that subsurface cisternae, normally observed underneath the cytoskeleton in outer hair cells (OHCs), was not present in Deiters’ cells-derived HCLCs. Voltage-clamp recordings showed that whole-cell currents from Deiters’ cells-derived HCLCs retained the same kinetics and magnitude seen in normal Deiters’ cells and that nonlinear capacitance (NLC), an electrical hallmark of OHC electromotility, was not detected from any HCLCs measured. Taken together, these results suggest that while Notch inhibition is sufficient for promoting stereocilia bundle formation, it is insufficient to convert neonatal supporting cells to mature hair cells. The fact that Notch inhibition led to stereocilia formation in supporting cells and supernumerary stereocilia in existing hair cells appears to suggest that Notch signaling may regulate stereocilia formation and stability during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shuping Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Huizhan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tomoko Tateya
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kirk W Beisel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - David Z Z He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
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35
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A mouse model of miR-96, miR-182 and miR-183 misexpression implicates miRNAs in cochlear cell fate and homeostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3569. [PMID: 29476110 PMCID: PMC5824881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in Mir96, one of three co-expressed polycistronic miRNA genes (Mir96, Mir182, Mir183), cause hereditary hearing loss in humans and mice. Transgenic FVB/NCrl- Tg(GFAP-Mir183,Mir96,Mir182)MDW1 mice (Tg1MDW), which overexpress this neurosensory-specific miRNA cluster in the inner ear, were developed as a model system to identify, in the aggregate, target genes and biologic processes regulated by the miR-183 cluster. Histological assessments demonstrate Tg1MDW/1MDW homozygotes have a modest increase in cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). Affymetrix mRNA microarray data analysis revealed that downregulated genes in P5 Tg1MDW/1MDW cochlea are statistically enriched for evolutionarily conserved predicted miR-96, miR-182 or miR-183 target sites. ABR and DPOAE tests from 18 days to 3 months of age revealed that Tg1MDW/1MDW homozygotes develop progressive neurosensory hearing loss that correlates with histologic assessments showing massive losses of both IHCs and outer hair cells (OHCs). This mammalian miRNA misexpression model demonstrates a potency and specificity of cochlear homeostasis for one of the dozens of endogenously co-expressed, evolutionally conserved, small non-protein coding miRNA families. It should be a valuable tool to predict and elucidate miRNA-regulated genes and integrated functional gene expression networks that significantly influence neurosensory cell differentiation, maturation and homeostasis.
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Ni W, Zeng S, Li W, Chen Y, Zhang S, Tang M, Sun S, Chai R, Li H. Wnt activation followed by Notch inhibition promotes mitotic hair cell regeneration in the postnatal mouse cochlea. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66754-66768. [PMID: 27564256 PMCID: PMC5341835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) loss is the main cause of permanent hearing loss in mammals. Previous studies have reported that in neonatal mice cochleae, Wnt activation promotes supporting cell (SC) proliferation and Notch inhibition promotes the trans-differentiation of SCs into HCs. However, Wnt activation alone fails to regenerate significant amounts of new HCs, Notch inhibition alone regenerates the HCs at the cost of exhausting the SC population, which leads to the death of the newly regenerated HCs. Mitotic HC regeneration might preserve the SC number while regenerating the HCs, which could be a better approach for long-term HC regeneration. We present a two-step gene manipulation, Wnt activation followed by Notch inhibition, to accomplish mitotic regeneration of HCs while partially preserving the SC number. We show that Wnt activation followed by Notch inhibition strongly promotes the mitotic regeneration of new HCs in both normal and neomycin-damaged cochleae while partially preserving the SC number. Lineage tracing shows that the majority of the mitotically regenerated HCs are derived specifically from the Lgr5+ progenitors with or without HC damage. Our findings suggest that the co-regulation of Wnt and Notch signaling might provide a better approach to mitotically regenerate HCs from Lgr5+ progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Ni
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Central Laboratory, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of The National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Central Laboratory, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of The National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Central Laboratory, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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37
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Huang YB, Ma R, Yang JM, Han Z, Cong N, Gao Z, Ren D, Wang J, Chi FL. Cell proliferation during hair cell regeneration induced by Math 1 in vestibular epithelia in vitro. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:497-501. [PMID: 29623936 PMCID: PMC5900514 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cell regeneration is the fundamental method of correcting hearing loss and balance disorders caused by hair cell damage or loss. How to promote hair cell regeneration is a hot focus in current research. In mammals, cochlear hair cells cannot be regenerated and few vestibular hair cells can be renewed through spontaneous regeneration. However, Math1 gene transfer allows a few inner ear cells to be transformed into hair cells in vitro or in vivo. Hair cells can be renewed through two possible means in birds: supporting cell differentiation and transdifferentiation with or without cell division. Hair cell regeneration is strongly associated with cell proliferation. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between Math1-induced vestibular hair cell regeneration and cell division in mammals. The mouse vestibule was isolated to harvest vestibular epithelial cells. Ad-Math1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was used to track cell division during hair cell transformation. 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was added to track cell proliferation at various time points. Immunocytochemistry was utilized to determine cell differentiation and proliferation. Results demonstrated that when epithelial cells were in a higher proliferative stage, more of these cells differentiated into hair cells by Math1 gene transfer. However, in the low proliferation stage, no BrdU-positive cells were seen after Math1 gene transfer. Cell division always occurred before Math1 transfection but not during or after Math1 transfection, when cells were labeled with BrdU before and after Ad-Math1-EGFP transfection. These results confirm that vestibular epithelial cells with high proliferative potential can differentiate into new hair cells by Math1 gene transfer, but this process is independent of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bo Huang
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan-Mei Yang
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Cong
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Ren
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Lu Chi
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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38
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Zhang H, Wang L, Wong EYM, Tsang SL, Xu PX, Lendahl U, Sham MH. An Eya1-Notch axis specifies bipotential epibranchial differentiation in mammalian craniofacial morphogenesis. eLife 2017; 6:30126. [PMID: 29140246 PMCID: PMC5705218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial morphogenesis requires proper development of pharyngeal arches and epibranchial placodes. We show that the epibranchial placodes, in addition to giving rise to cranial sensory neurons, generate a novel lineage-related non-neuronal cell population for mouse pharyngeal arch development. Eya1 is essential for the development of epibranchial placodes and proximal pharyngeal arches. We identify an Eya1-Notch regulatory axis that specifies both the neuronal and non-neuronal commitment of the epibranchial placode, where Notch acts downstream of Eya1 and promotes the non-neuronal cell fate. Notch is regulated by the threonine phosphatase activity of Eya1. Eya1 dephosphorylates p-threonine-2122 of the Notch1 intracellular domain (Notch1 ICD), which increases the stability of Notch1 ICD and maintains Notch signaling activity in the non-neuronal epibranchial placodal cells. Our data unveil a more complex differentiation program in epibranchial placodes and an important role for the Eya1-Notch axis in craniofacial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- School of Biomedical sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Biomedical sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Yee Man Wong
- School of Biomedical sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Lan Tsang
- School of Biomedical sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mai Har Sham
- School of Biomedical sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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39
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Yu P, Hu Y, Zhou H, Guo L, Xu X, Zhu X, Waqas M, Qi J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen F, Tang M, Qian X, Shi H, Gao X, Chai R. Characterization of Lgr5+ Progenitor Cell Transcriptomes after Neomycin Injury in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:213. [PMID: 28725177 PMCID: PMC5496572 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ supporting cells (SCs) are enriched hair cell (HC) progenitors in the cochlea. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HC injury can spontaneously activate Lgr5+ progenitors to regenerate HCs in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Promoting HC regeneration requires the understanding of the mechanism of HC regeneration, and this requires knowledge of the key genes involved in HC injury-induced self-repair responses that promote the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors. Here, as expected, we found that neomycin-treated Lgr5+ progenitors (NLPs) had significantly greater HC regeneration ability, and greater but not significant proliferation ability compared to untreated Lgr5+ progenitors (ULPs) in response to neomycin exposure. Next, we used RNA-seq analysis to determine the differences in the gene-expression profiles between the transcriptomes of NLPs and ULPs from the neonatal mouse cochlea. We first analyzed the genes that were enriched and differentially expressed in NLPs and ULPs and then analyzed the cell cycle genes, the transcription factors, and the signaling pathway genes that might regulate the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors. We found 9 cell cycle genes, 88 transcription factors, 8 microRNAs, and 16 cell-signaling pathway genes that were significantly upregulated or downregulated after neomycin injury in NLPs. Lastly, we constructed a protein-protein interaction network to show the interaction and connections of genes that are differentially expressed in NLPs and ULPs. This study has identified the genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration of Lgr5+ progenitors after neomycin injury, and investigations into the roles and mechanisms of these genes in the cochlea should be performed in the future to identify potential therapeutic targets for HC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Bioinformatics Department, Admera Health LLCSouth Plainfield, NJ, United States
| | - Yao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and TechnologyKarachi, Pakistan
| | - Jieyu Qi
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
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40
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Chen Q, Quan Y, Wang N, Xie C, Ji Z, He H, Chai R, Li H, Yin S, Chin YE, Wei X, Gao WQ. Inactivation of STAT3 Signaling Impairs Hair Cell Differentiation in the Developing Mouse Cochlea. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:231-246. [PMID: 28669599 PMCID: PMC5511372 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although STAT3 signaling is demonstrated to regulate sensory cell differentiation and regeneration in the zebrafish, its exact role is still unclear in mammalian cochleae. Here, we report that STAT3 and its activated form are specifically expressed in hair cells during mouse cochlear development. Importantly, conditional cochlear deletion of Stat3 leads to an inhibition on hair cell differentiation in mice in vivo and in vitro. By cell fate analysis, inactivation of STAT3 signaling shifts the cell division modes from asymmetric to symmetric divisions from supporting cells. Moreover, inhibition of Notch signaling stimulates STAT3 phosphorylation, and inactivation of STAT3 signaling attenuates production of supernumerary hair cells induced by a Notch pathway inhibitor. Our findings highlight an important role of the STAT3 signaling during mouse cochlear hair cell differentiation and may have clinical implications for the recovery of hair cell loss-induced hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yizhou Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Naitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chengying Xie
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hao He
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; The Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- The Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- China Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; The Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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41
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Rask-Andersen H, Li H, Löwenheim H, Müller M, Pfaller K, Schrott-Fischer A, Glueckert R. Supernumerary human hair cells-signs of regeneration or impaired development? A field emission scanning electron microscopy study. Ups J Med Sci 2017; 122:11-19. [PMID: 28145795 PMCID: PMC5361427 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2016.1271843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current attempts to regenerate cochlear sensorineural structures motivate further inspection of the human organ of hearing. Here, we analyzed the supernumerary inner hair cell (sIHC), a possible sign of regeneration and cell replacement. METHODS Human cochleae were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM; maximum resolution 2 nm) obtained from individuals aged 44, 48, and 58 years with normal sensorineural pure-tone average (PTA) thresholds (PTA <20 dB). The wasted tissue was harvested during trans-cochlear approaches and immediately fixed for ultrastructural analysis. RESULTS All specimens exhibited sIHCs at all turns except at the extreme lower basal turn. In one specimen, it was possible to image and count the inner hair cells (IHCs) along the cochlea representing the 0.2 kHz-8 kHz region according to the Greenwood place/frequency scale. In a region with 2,321 IHCs, there were 120 scattered one-cell losses or 'gaps' (5%). Forty-two sIHCs were present facing the modiolus. Thirty-eight percent of the sIHCs were located near a 'gap' in the IHC row (±6 IHCs). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ectopic inner hair cells was higher than expected. The morphology and placement could reflect a certain ongoing regeneration. Further molecular studies are needed to verify if the regenerative capacity of the human auditory periphery might have been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- CONTACT Helge Rask-Andersen Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hubert Löwenheim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Medical Campus University of Oldenburg School of Medicine and Health Sciences, European Medical School, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center of Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Medical Campus University of Oldenburg School of Medicine and Health Sciences, European Medical School, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center of Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kristian Pfaller
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Annelies Schrott-Fischer
- Department of Histology and Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- Department of Histology and Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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42
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Lee S, Jeong HS, Cho HH. Atoh1 as a Coordinator of Sensory Hair Cell Development and Regeneration in the Cochlea. Chonnam Med J 2017; 53:37-46. [PMID: 28184337 PMCID: PMC5299128 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2017.53.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear sensory hair cells (HCs) are crucial for hearing as mechanoreceptors of the auditory systems. Clarification of transcriptional regulation for the cochlear sensory HC development is crucial for the improvement of cell replacement therapies for hearing loss. Transcription factor Atoh1 is the key player during HC development and regeneration. In this review, we will focus on Atoh1 and its related signaling pathways (Notch, fibroblast growth factor, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling) involved in the development of cochlear sensory HCs. We will also discuss the potential applicability of these signals for the induction of HC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsu Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.; Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.; Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyong-Ho Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.; Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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43
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Basch ML, Brown RM, Jen HI, Semerci F, Depreux F, Edlund RK, Zhang H, Norton CR, Gridley T, Cole SE, Doetzlhofer A, Maletic-Savatic M, Segil N, Groves AK. Fine-tuning of Notch signaling sets the boundary of the organ of Corti and establishes sensory cell fates. eLife 2016; 5:19921. [PMID: 27966429 PMCID: PMC5215100 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The signals that induce the organ of Corti and define its boundaries in the cochlea are poorly understood. We show that two Notch modifiers, Lfng and Mfng, are transiently expressed precisely at the neural boundary of the organ of Corti. Cre-Lox fate mapping shows this region gives rise to inner hair cells and their associated inner phalangeal cells. Mutation of Lfng and Mfng disrupts this boundary, producing unexpected duplications of inner hair cells and inner phalangeal cells. This phenotype is mimicked by other mouse mutants or pharmacological treatments that lower but not abolish Notch signaling. However, strong disruption of Notch signaling causes a very different result, generating many ectopic hair cells at the expense of inner phalangeal cells. Our results show that Notch signaling is finely calibrated in the cochlea to produce precisely tuned levels of signaling that first set the boundary of the organ of Corti and later regulate hair cell development. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19921.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Basch
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Rogers M Brown
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Hsin-I Jen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Fatih Semerci
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Frederic Depreux
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, United States
| | - Renée K Edlund
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | | | - Thomas Gridley
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States
| | - Susan E Cole
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Angelika Doetzlhofer
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States
| | - Neil Segil
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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44
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Maass JC, Gu R, Cai T, Wan YW, Cantellano SC, Asprer JST, Zhang H, Jen HI, Edlund RK, Liu Z, Groves AK. Transcriptomic Analysis of Mouse Cochlear Supporting Cell Maturation Reveals Large-Scale Changes in Notch Responsiveness Prior to the Onset of Hearing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167286. [PMID: 27918591 PMCID: PMC5137903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal mouse cochlear supporting cells have a limited ability to divide and trans-differentiate into hair cells, but this ability declines rapidly in the two weeks after birth. This decline is concomitant with the morphological and functional maturation of the organ of Corti prior to the onset of hearing. However, despite this association between maturation and loss of regenerative potential, little is known of the molecular changes that underlie these events. To identify these changes, we used RNA-seq to generate transcriptional profiles of purified cochlear supporting cells from 1- and 6-day-old mice. We found many significant changes in gene expression during this period, many of which were related to regulation of proliferation, differentiation of inner ear components and the maturation of the organ of Corti prior to the onset of hearing. One example of a change in regenerative potential of supporting cells is their robust production of hair cells in response to a blockade of the Notch signaling pathway at the time of birth, but a complete lack of response to such blockade just a few days later. By comparing our supporting cell transcriptomes to those of supporting cells cultured in the presence of Notch pathway inhibitors, we show that the transcriptional response to Notch blockade disappears almost completely in the first postnatal week. Our results offer some of the first molecular insights into the failure of hair cell regeneration in the mammalian cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Maass
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile and Interdisciplinary Program of Physiology and Biophysics ICBM Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Otolaryngology, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rende Gu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Tiantian Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
- The Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Silvia C. Cantellano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile and Interdisciplinary Program of Physiology and Biophysics ICBM Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joanna S. T. Asprer
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hsin-I Jen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Renée K. Edlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
- The Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Andrew K. Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Munnamalai V, Fekete DM. Notch-Wnt-Bmp crosstalk regulates radial patterning in the mouse cochlea in a spatiotemporal manner. Development 2016; 143:4003-4015. [PMID: 27633988 DOI: 10.1242/dev.139469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The sensory cells of the mammalian organ of Corti assume a precise mosaic arrangement during embryonic development. Manipulation of Wnt signaling can modulate the proliferation of cochlear progenitors, but whether Wnts are responsible for patterning compartments, or specific hair cells within them, is unclear. To address how the precise timing of Wnt signaling impacts patterning across the radial axis, mouse cochlear cultures were initiated at embryonic day 12.5 and subjected to pharmacological treatments at different stages. Early changes in major patterning genes were assessed to understand the mechanisms underlying alterations of compartments. Results show that Wnt activation can promote medial cell fates by regulating medially expressed Notch genes in a spatiotemporal manner. Wnts can also suppress lateral cell fates by antagonizing Bmp4 expression. Perturbation of the Notch and Bmp pathways revealed which secondary effects were linked to these pathways. Importantly, these effects on cochlear development are dependent on the timing of drug delivery. In conclusion, Wnt signaling in the cochlea influences patterning through complex crosstalk with the Notch and Bmp pathways at several stages of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Munnamalai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Donna M Fekete
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA .,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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46
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The Promoter and Multiple Enhancers of the pou4f3 Gene Regulate Expression in Inner Ear Hair Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5414-5426. [PMID: 27592349 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Few enhancers that target gene expression to inner ear hair cells (HCs) have been identified. Using transgenic analysis of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter constructs and bioinformatics, we evaluated the control of pou4f3 gene expression, since it is expressed only in HCs within the inner ear and continues to be expressed throughout life. An 8.5-kb genomic DNA fragment 5' to the start codon, containing three regions of high cross-species homology, drove expression in all embryonic and neonatal HCs, and adult vestibular and inner HCs, but not adult outer HCs. Transgenes with 0.4, 0.8, 2.5, or 6.5 kb of 5' DNA did not produce HC expression. However, addition of the region from 6.5 to 7.2 kb produced expression in vestibular HCs and neonatal basal turn outer HCs, which also implicated the region from 7.2 to 8.5 kb in inner and apical outer HC expression. Deletion of the region from 0.4 to 5.5 kb 5' from the 8.5-kb construct did not affect HC expression, further indicating lack of HC regulatory elements. When the region from 1 to 0.4 kb was replaced with the minimal promoter of the Ela1 gene, HC expression was maintained but at a drastically reduced level. Bioinformatics identified regions of highly conserved sequence outside of the 8.5 kb, which contained POU4F3-, GFI1-, and LHX3-binding sites. These regions may be involved in maintaining POU4F3 expression in adult outer HCs. Our results identify separate enhancers at various locations that direct expression to different HC types at different ages and determine that 0.4 kb of upstream sequence determines expression level. These data will assist in the identification of mutations in noncoding, regulatory regions of this deafness gene.
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Wu J, Li W, Lin C, Chen Y, Cheng C, Sun S, Tang M, Chai R, Li H. Co-regulation of the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways promotes supporting cell proliferation and hair cell regeneration in mouse utricles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29418. [PMID: 27435629 PMCID: PMC4951696 DOI: 10.1038/srep29418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work sought to determine the crosstalk between the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways in regulating supporting cell (SC) proliferation and hair cell (HC) regeneration in mouse utricles. We cultured postnatal day (P)3 and P60 mouse utricles, damaged the HCs with gentamicin, and treated the utricles with the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT to inhibit the Notch pathway and with the Wnt agonist QS11 to active the Wnt pathway. We also used Sox2-CreER, Notch1-flox (exon 1), and Catnb-flox (exon 3) transgenic mice to knock out the Notch pathway and activate the Wnt pathway in Sox2+ SCs. Notch inhibition alone increased SC proliferation and HC number in both undamaged and damaged utricles. Wnt activation alone promoted SC proliferation, but the HC number was not significantly increased. Here we demonstrated the cumulative effects of Notch inhibition and Wnt activation in regulating SC proliferation and HC regeneration. Simultaneously inhibiting Notch and overexpressing Wnt led to significantly greater SC proliferation and greater numbers of HCs than manipulating either pathway alone. Similar results were observed in the transgenic mice. This study suggests that the combination of Notch inhibition and Wnt activation can significantly promote SC proliferation and increase the number of regenerated HCs in mouse utricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Wu
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Chen Lin
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.,Central laboratory, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Shan Sun
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.,Central laboratory, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Huawei Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
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Ikeda R, Pak K, Chavez E, Ryan AF. Transcription factors with conserved binding sites near ATOH1 on the POU4F3 gene enhance the induction of cochlear hair cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 51:672-84. [PMID: 25015561 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the transcription factor (TF) ATOH1 is known to induce the transformation of nonsensory cells in the organ of Corti into hair cells (HCs). Evaluating DNA 5Œ to the coding sequence of the pou4f3 gene, a target of ATOH1 in HCs, we identified in three regions containing clustered binding sites for ATOH1 and several other TFs that are expressed in developing inner ear sensory epithelia at the time of HC specification. These regions and sites are highly conserved across evolutionarily distant mammalian species. To test the hypothesis that the identified TFs act in combination to regulate the pou4f3 gene, we transfected by electroporation neonatal cochlear sensory epithelium from mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of an 8.5-kb 5' pou4f3 genomic fragment. Plasmids encoding 21 TFs c-transfected with human ATOH1 (hATOH1). Cotransfection with hETV4, hNMYC, or hETS2 produced significantly more pou4f3/GFP and myosin 7A-positive nonsensory cells than hATOH1 alone. Co-transfection of hATOH1 with hHES1, hHES5, or hNEUROD1 reduced the effects of hATOH1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)of DNA from an inner ear cell line transfected with hNMYC,hETV4, or hETS2 revealed binding to a conserved region immediately proximal to the coding sequence. ChIP similarly revealed binding of hGATA3, hNMYC, and hTFE2 to a region several kilobases distal to the coding sequence, which we have previously shown to bind ATOH1. The results suggest that ATOH1 acts in concert with a subset of other TFs to directly regulate the pou4f3 gene and more broadly to regulate the HC phenotype.
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Basch ML, Brown RM, Jen H, Groves AK. Where hearing starts: the development of the mammalian cochlea. J Anat 2016; 228:233-54. [PMID: 26052920 PMCID: PMC4718162 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cochlea is a remarkable sensory organ, capable of perceiving sound over a range of 10(12) in pressure, and discriminating both infrasonic and ultrasonic frequencies in different species. The sensory hair cells of the mammalian cochlea are exquisitely sensitive, responding to atomic-level deflections at speeds on the order of tens of microseconds. The number and placement of hair cells are precisely determined during inner ear development, and a large number of developmental processes sculpt the shape, size and morphology of these cells along the length of the cochlear duct to make them optimally responsive to different sound frequencies. In this review, we briefly discuss the evolutionary origins of the mammalian cochlea, and then describe the successive developmental processes that lead to its induction, cell cycle exit, cellular patterning and the establishment of topologically distinct frequency responses along its length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Basch
- Department of NeuroscienceBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Rogers M. Brown
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Hsin‐I Jen
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Andrew K. Groves
- Department of NeuroscienceBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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A central to peripheral progression of cell cycle exit and hair cell differentiation in the developing mouse cristae. Dev Biol 2016; 411:1-14. [PMID: 26826497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The inner ear contains six distinct sensory organs that each maintains some ability to regenerate hair cells into adulthood. In the postnatal cochlea, there appears to be a relationship between the developmental maturity of a region and its ability to regenerate as postnatal regeneration largely occurs in the apical turn, which is the last region to differentiate and mature during development. In the mature cristae there are also regional differences in regenerative ability, which led us to hypothesize that there may be a general relationship between the relative maturity of a region and the regenerative competence of that region in all of the inner ear sensory organs. By analyzing adult mouse cristae labeled embryonically with BrdU, we found that hair cell birth starts in the central region and progresses to the periphery with age. Since the peripheral region of the adult cristae also maintains active Notch signaling and some regenerative competence, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the last regions to develop retain some of their regenerative ability into adulthood. Further, by analyzing embryonic day 14.5 inner ears we provide evidence for a wave of hair cell birth along the longitudinal axis of the cristae from the central regions to the outer edges. Together with the data from the adult inner ears labeled with BrdU as embryos, these results suggest that hair cell differentiation closely follows cell cycle exit in the cristae, unlike in the cochlea where they are uncoupled.
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