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Wen Y, Chen Y, Wu W, Zhang H, Peng Z, Yao X, Zhang X, Jiang W, Liao Y, Xie Y, Shen X, Sun H, Hu J, Liu H, Chen X, Chen J, Ouyang H. Hyperplastic Human Macromass Cartilage for Joint Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301833. [PMID: 37395375 PMCID: PMC10502860 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage damage affects millions of people worldwide. Tissue engineering strategies hold the promise to provide off-the-shelf cartilage analogs for tissue transplantation in cartilage repair. However, current strategies hardly generate sufficient grafts, as tissues cannot maintain size growth and cartilaginous phenotypes simultaneously. Herein, a step-wise strategy is developed for fabricating expandable human macromass cartilage (macro-cartilage) in a 3D condition by employing human polydactyly chondrocytes and a screen-defined serum-free customized culture (CC). CC-induced chondrocytes demonstrate improved cell plasticity, expressing chondrogenic biomarkers after a 14.59-times expansion. Crucially, CC-chondrocytes form large-size cartilage tissues with average diameters of 3.25 ± 0.05 mm, exhibiting abundant homogenous matrix and intact structure without a necrotic core. Compared with typical culture, the cell yield in CC increases 2.57 times, and the expression of cartilage marker collagen type II increases 4.70 times. Transcriptomics reveal that this step-wise culture drives a proliferation-to-differentiation process through an intermediate plastic stage, and CC-chondrocytes undergo a chondral lineage-specific differentiation with an activated metabolism. Animal studies show that CC macro-cartilage maintains a hyaline-like cartilage phenotype in vivo and significantly promotes the healing of large cartilage defects. Overall, an efficient expansion of human macro-cartilage with superior regenerative plasticity is achieved, providing a promising strategy for joint regeneration.
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Wu XL, Zhu ZS, Xiao X, Zhou Z, Yu S, Shen QY, Zhang JQ, Yue W, Zhang R, He X, Peng S, Zhang SQ, Li N, Liao MZ, Hua JL. LIN28A inhibits DUSP family phosphatases and activates MAPK signaling pathway to maintain pluripotency in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Zool Res 2021; 42:377-388. [PMID: 33998185 PMCID: PMC8175949 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LIN28A, an RNA-binding protein, plays an important role in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the function of LIN28A in the maintenance of pluripotency in piPSCs remains unclear. Here, we explored the function of LIN28A in piPSCs based on its overexpression and knockdown. We performed total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of piPSCs and detected the expression levels of relevant genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. Results indicated that piPSC proliferation ability decreased following LIN28A knockdown. Furthermore, when LIN28A expression in the shLIN28A2 group was lower (by 20%) than that in the negative control knockdown group (shNC), the pluripotency of piPSCs disappeared and they differentiated into neuroectoderm cells. Results also showed that LIN28A overexpression inhibited the expression of DUSP (dual-specificity phosphatases) family phosphatases and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Thus, LIN28A appears to activate the MAPK signaling pathway to maintain the pluripotency and proliferation ability of piPSCs. Our study provides a new resource for exploring the functions of LIN28A in piPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhen-Shuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ju-Qing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Ming-Zhi Liao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Jin-Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
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Abstract
Development of cartilage and bone, the core components of the mouse skeletal system, depends on coordinated proliferation and differentiation of skeletogenic cells, including chondrocytes and osteoblasts. These cells differentiate from common progenitor cells originating in the mesoderm and neural crest. Multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors tightly regulate differentiation and proliferation of skeletal cells. In this chapter, we overview the process of mouse skeletal development and discuss major regulators of skeletal cells at each developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Shvedova M, Kobayashi T. MicroRNAs in cartilage development and dysplasia. Bone 2020; 140:115564. [PMID: 32745689 PMCID: PMC7502492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally suppress gene expression. MiRNAs expressed in skeletal progenitor cells and chondrocytes regulate diverse aspects of cellular function and thus skeletal development. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in skeletal development, particularly focusing on those whose physiological roles were revealed in vivo. Deregulation of miRNAs is found in multiple acquired diseases such as cancer; however congenital diseases caused by mutations in miRNA genes are very rare. Among those are mutations in miR-140 and miR-17~92 miRNAs which cause skeletal dysplasias. We also discuss pathological mechanisms underlining these skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shvedova
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tangredi BP, Lawler DF. Osteoarthritis from evolutionary and mechanistic perspectives. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:2967-2976. [PMID: 31854144 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Developmental osteogenesis and the pathologies associated with tissues that normally are mineralized are active areas of research. All of the basic cell types of skeletal tissue evolved in early aquatic vertebrates. Their characteristics, transcription factors, and signaling pathways have been conserved, even as they adapted to the challenge imposed by gravity in the transition to terrestrial existence. The response to excess mechanical stress (among other factors) can be expressed in the pathologic phenotype described as osteoarthritis (OA). OA is mediated by epigenetic modification of the same conserved developmental gene networks, rather than by gene mutations or new chemical signaling pathways. Thus, these responses have their evolutionary roots in morphogenesis. Epigenetic channeling and heterochrony, orchestrated primarily by microRNAs, maintain the sequence of these responses, while allowing variation in their timing that depends at least partly on the life history of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil P Tangredi
- Vermont Institute of Natural Sciences, Quechee, Vermont
- Sustainable Agriculture Program, Green Mountain College, Poultney, Vermont
| | - Dennis F Lawler
- Center for American Archaeology, Kampsville, Illinois
- Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois
- Pacific Marine Mammal Center, Laguna Beach, California
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Rux D, Decker RS, Koyama E, Pacifici M. Joints in the appendicular skeleton: Developmental mechanisms and evolutionary influences. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 133:119-151. [PMID: 30902250 PMCID: PMC6988388 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The joints are a diverse group of skeletal structures, and their genesis, morphogenesis, and acquisition of specialized tissues have intrigued biologists for decades. Here we review past and recent studies on important aspects of joint development, including the roles of the interzone and morphogenesis of articular cartilage. Studies have documented the requirement of interzone cells in limb joint initiation and formation of most, if not all, joint tissues. We highlight these studies and also report more detailed interzone dissection experiments in chick embryos. Articular cartilage has always received special attention owing to its complex architecture and phenotype and its importance in long-term joint function. We pay particular attention to mechanisms by which neonatal articular cartilage grows and thickens over time and eventually acquires its multi-zone structure and becomes mechanically fit in adults. These and other studies are placed in the context of evolutionary biology, specifically regarding the dramatic changes in limb joint organization during transition from aquatic to land life. We describe previous studies, and include new data, on the knee joints of aquatic axolotls that unlike those in higher vertebrates, are not cavitated, are filled with rigid fibrous tissues and resemble amphiarthroses. We show that when axolotls metamorph to life on land, their intra-knee fibrous tissue becomes sparse and seemingly more flexible and the articular cartilage becomes distinct and acquires a tidemark. In sum, there have been considerable advances toward a better understanding of limb joint development, biological responsiveness, and evolutionary influences, though much remains unclear. Future progress in these fields should also lead to creation of new developmental biology-based tools to repair and regenerate joint tissues in acute and chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Rux
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Rebekah S Decker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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