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Yamada S, Johnson AN, Yang S. A Transgenic Method to Measure Mitotic Exit in Drosophila Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2874:1-8. [PMID: 39614042 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4236-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitotic exit is a necessary step for highly specialized cells to terminally differentiate and acquire unique functions. The FUCCI system can be used to visualize mitotic and post-mitotic cells during development and regeneration in both live organisms and fixed tissues. Here we describe a Fly-FUCCI protocol for assaying mitotic exit in Drosophila embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shige Yamada
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Genetics and Genetics Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Khetchoumian K, Sochodolsky K, Lafont C, Gouhier A, Bemmo A, Kherdjemil Y, Kmita M, Le Tissier P, Mollard P, Christian H, Drouin J. Paracrine FGF1 signaling directs pituitary architecture and size. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2410269121. [PMID: 39320918 PMCID: PMC11459159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2410269121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Organ architecture is established during development through intricate cell-cell communication mechanisms, yet the specific signals mediating these communications often remain elusive. Here, we used the anterior pituitary gland that harbors different interdigitated hormone-secreting homotypic cell networks to dissect cell-cell communication mechanisms operating during late development. We show that blocking differentiation of corticotrope cells leads to pituitary hypoplasia with a major effect on somatotrope cells that directly contact corticotropes. Gene knockout of the corticotrope-restricted transcription factor Tpit results in fewer somatotropes, with less secretory granules and a loss of cell polarity, resulting in systemic growth retardation. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses identified FGF1 as a corticotrope-specific Tpit dosage-dependent target gene responsible for these phenotypes. Consistently, genetic ablation of FGF1 in mice phenocopies pituitary hypoplasia and growth impairment observed in Tpit-deficient mice. These findings reveal FGF1 produced by the corticotrope cell network as an essential paracrine signaling molecule participating in pituitary architecture and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Khetchoumian
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QCH2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Kevin Sochodolsky
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QCH2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Chrystel Lafont
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, MontpellierF-34094, France
- BioCampus Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, MontpellierF-34094, France
| | - Arthur Gouhier
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QCH2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Amandine Bemmo
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QCH2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yacine Kherdjemil
- Disease Modeling and Genome Editing platform, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QCH2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Marie Kmita
- Laboratoire de recherche en génétique et développement, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QCH2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Paul Le Tissier
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Patrice Mollard
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, MontpellierF-34094, France
- BioCampus Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, MontpellierF-34094, France
| | - Helen Christian
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, OxfordOX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QCH2W 1R7, Canada
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3
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Johnson AN. Myotube Guidance: Shaping up the Musculoskeletal System. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:25. [PMID: 39311120 PMCID: PMC11417883 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Myofibers are highly specialized contractile cells of skeletal muscles, and dysregulation of myofiber morphogenesis is emerging as a contributing cause of myopathies and structural birth defects. Myotubes are the myofiber precursors and undergo a dramatic morphological transition into long bipolar myofibers that are attached to tendons on two ends. Similar to axon growth cones, myotube leading edges navigate toward target cells and form cell-cell connections. The process of myotube guidance connects myotubes with the correct tendons, orients myofiber morphology with the overall body plan, and generates a functional musculoskeletal system. Navigational signaling, addition of mass and volume, and identification of target cells are common events in myotube guidance and axon guidance, but surprisingly, the mechanisms regulating these events are not completely overlapping in myotubes and axons. This review summarizes the strategies that have evolved to direct myotube leading edges to predetermined tendon cells and highlights key differences between myotube guidance and axon guidance. The association of myotube guidance pathways with developmental disorders is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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4
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Zhang H, Chang M, Chen D, Yang J, Zhang Y, Sun J, Yao X, Sun H, Gu X, Li M, Shen Y, Dai B. Congenital myopathies: pathophysiological mechanisms and promising therapies. J Transl Med 2024; 22:815. [PMID: 39223631 PMCID: PMC11370226 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital myopathies (CMs) are a kind of non-progressive or slow-progressive muscle diseases caused by genetic mutations, which are currently defined and categorized mainly according to their clinicopathological features. CMs exhibit pleiotropy and genetic heterogeneity. Currently, supportive treatment and pharmacological remission are the mainstay of treatment, with no cure available. Some adeno-associated viruses show promising prospects in the treatment of MTM1 and BIN1-associated myopathies; however, such gene-level therapeutic interventions target only specific mutation types and are not generalizable. Thus, it is particularly crucial to identify the specific causative genes. Here, we outline the pathogenic mechanisms based on the classification of causative genes: excitation-contraction coupling and triadic assembly (RYR1, MTM1, DNM2, BIN1), actin-myosin interaction and production of myofibril forces (NEB, ACTA1, TNNT1, TPM2, TPM3), as well as other biological processes. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent therapeutic advancements and potential treatment modalities of CMs. Despite ongoing research endeavors, targeted strategies and collaboration are imperative to address diagnostic uncertainties and explore potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Daiyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Meiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China.
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Binhai, Jiangsu Province, 224500, P. R. China.
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5
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Josvai M, Polyak E, Kalluri M, Robertson S, Crone WC, Suzuki M. An engineered in vitro model of the human myotendinous junction. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:279-294. [PMID: 38604466 PMCID: PMC11088524 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a vulnerable region at the interface of skeletal muscle and tendon that forms an integrated mechanical unit. This study presents a technique for the spatially restrictive co-culture of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived skeletal myocytes and primary tenocytes for two-dimensional modeling of the MTJ. Micropatterned lanes of extracellular matrix and a 2-well culture chamber define the initial regions of occupation. On day 1, both lines occupy less than 20 % of the initially vacant interstitial zone, referred to henceforth as the junction. Myocyte-tenocyte interdigitations are observed by day 7. Immunocytochemistry reveals enhanced organization and alignment of patterned myocyte and tenocyte features, as well as differential expression of multiple MTJ markers. On day 24, electrically stimulated junction myocytes demonstrate negative contractile strains, while positive tensile strains are exhibited by mechanically passive tenocytes at the junction. Unpatterned tenocytes distal to the junction experience significantly decreased strains in comparison to cells at the interface. Unpatterned myocytes have impaired organization and uncoordinated contractile behavior. These findings suggest that this platform is capable of inducing myocyte-tenocyte junction formation and mechanical coupling similar to the native MTJ, showing transduction of force across the cell-cell interface. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is an integrated structure that transduces force across the muscle-tendon boundary, making the region vulnerable to strain injury. Despite the clinical relevance, previous in vitro models of the MTJ lack the structure and mechanical accuracy of the native tissue and have difficulty transmitting force across the cell-cell interface. This study demonstrates an in vitro model of the MTJ, using spatially restrictive cues to inform human myocyte-tenocyte interactions and architecture. The model expressed MTJ markers and developed anisotropic myocyte-tenocyte integrations that resemble the native tissue and allow for force transduction from contracting myocytes to passive tenocyte regions. As such, this study presents a system capable of investigating development, injury, and pathology in the human MTJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Josvai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Erzsebet Polyak
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Veterinary Medicine Bldg, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Meghana Kalluri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Veterinary Medicine Bldg, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Veterinary Medicine Bldg, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA; The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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6
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Gonzalez V, Grant MG, Suzuki M, Christophers B, Rowland Williams J, Burdine RD. Cooperation between Nodal and FGF signals regulates zebrafish cardiac cell migration and heart morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574380. [PMID: 38260277 PMCID: PMC10802409 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric vertebrate heart development is driven by an intricate sequence of morphogenetic cell movements, the coordination of which requires precise interpretation of signaling cues by heart primordia. Here we show that Nodal functions cooperatively with FGF during heart tube formation and asymmetric placement. Both pathways act as migratory stimuli for cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), but FGF is dispensable for directing heart tube asymmetry, which is governed by Nodal. We further find that Nodal controls CPC migration by inducing left-right asymmetries in the formation of actin-based protrusions in CPCs. Additionally, we define a developmental window in which FGF signals are required for proper heart looping and show cooperativity between FGF and Nodal in this process. We present evidence FGF may promote heart looping through addition of the secondary heart field. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of FGF signaling affects proper development of the atrioventricular canal (AVC), which likely contributes to abnormal chamber morphologies in FGF-deficient hearts. Together, our data shed insight into how the spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling cues regulate the cellular behaviors underlying organ morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 08544
| | - Meagan G. Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 08544
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan, 739-8526
| | - Briana Christophers
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 08544
| | - Jessica Rowland Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 08544
- Current affiliation: National Institute for Student Success, at Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Rebecca D. Burdine
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 08544
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7
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Bartos K, Ramakrishnan SK, Braga-Lagache S, Hänzi B, Durussel F, Prakash Sridharan A, Zhu Y, Sheehan D, Hynes NE, Bonny O, Moor MB. Renal FGF23 signaling depends on redox protein Memo1 and promotes orthovanadate-sensitive protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:705-722. [PMID: 36434320 PMCID: PMC10409928 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Memo1 deletion in mice causes premature aging and an unbalanced metabolism partially resembling Fgf23 and Klotho loss-of-function animals. We report a role for Memo's redox function in renal FGF23-Klotho signaling using mice with postnatally induced Memo deficiency in the whole body (cKO). Memo cKO mice showed impaired FGF23-driven renal ERK phosphorylation and transcriptional responses. FGF23 actions involved activation of oxidation-sensitive protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatases in the kidney. Redox proteomics revealed excessive thiols of Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (Rho-GDI1) in Memo cKO, and we detected a functional interaction between Memo's redox function and oxidation at Rho-GDI1 Cys79. In isolated cellular systems, Rho-GDI1 did not directly affect FGF23-driven cell signaling, but we detected disturbed Rho-GDI1 dependent small Rho-GTPase protein abundance and activity in the kidney of Memo cKO mice. Collectively, this study reveals previously unknown layers in the regulation of renal FGF23 signaling and connects Memo with the network of small Rho-GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Bartos
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suresh Krishna Ramakrishnan
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Braga-Lagache
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Hänzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Durussel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arjun Prakash Sridharan
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yao Zhu
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Sheehan
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bonny
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Fribourgeois, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthias B Moor
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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8
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Perillo M, Swartz SZ, Pieplow C, Wessel GM. Molecular mechanisms of tubulogenesis revealed in the sea star hydro-vascular organ. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2402. [PMID: 37160908 PMCID: PMC10170166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental goal in the organogenesis field is to understand how cells organize into tubular shapes. Toward this aim, we have established the hydro-vascular organ in the sea star Patiria miniata as a model for tubulogenesis. In this animal, bilateral tubes grow out from the tip of the developing gut, and precisely extend to specific sites in the larva. This growth involves cell migration coupled with mitosis in distinct zones. Cell proliferation requires FGF signaling, whereas the three-dimensional orientation of the organ depends on Wnt signaling. Specification and maintenance of tube cell fate requires Delta/Notch signaling. Moreover, we identify target genes of the FGF pathway that contribute to tube morphology, revealing molecular mechanisms for tube outgrowth. Finally, we report that FGF activates the Six1/2 transcription factor, which serves as an evolutionarily ancient regulator of branching morphogenesis. This study uncovers distinct mechanisms of tubulogenesis in vivo and we propose that cellular dynamics in the sea star hydro-vascular organ represents a key comparison for understanding the evolution of vertebrate organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Perillo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, BioMed Division, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
| | - S Zachary Swartz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Cosmo Pieplow
- Department of Molecular, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, BioMed Division, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, BioMed Division, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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9
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Moucaud B, Prince E, Jagla K, Soler C. Developmental origin of tendon diversity in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1176148. [PMID: 37143929 PMCID: PMC10151533 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1176148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis is a developmental process that is largely conserved in both Drosophila and higher organisms. Consequently, the fruit fly is an excellent in vivo model for identifying the genes and mechanisms involved in muscle development. Moreover, there is growing evidence indicating that specific conserved genes and signaling pathways govern the formation of tissues that connect the muscles to the skeleton. In this review, we present an overview of the different stages of tendon development, from the specification of tendon progenitors to the assembly of a stable myotendinous junction across three different myogenic contexts in Drosophila: larval, flight and leg muscle development. We underline the different aspects of tendon cell specification and differentiation in embryo and during metamorphosis that result into tendon morphological and functional diversity.
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10
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Patel A, Wu Y, Han X, Su Y, Maugel T, Shroff H, Roy S. Cytonemes coordinate asymmetric signaling and organization in the Drosophila muscle progenitor niche. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1185. [PMID: 35246530 PMCID: PMC8897416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric signaling and organization in the stem-cell niche determine stem-cell fates. Here, we investigate the basis of asymmetric signaling and stem-cell organization using the Drosophila wing-disc that creates an adult muscle progenitor (AMP) niche. We show that AMPs extend polarized cytonemes to contact the disc epithelial junctions and adhere themselves to the disc/niche. Niche-adhering cytonemes localize FGF-receptor to selectively adhere to the FGF-producing disc and receive FGFs in a contact-dependent manner. Activation of FGF signaling in AMPs, in turn, reinforces disc-specific cytoneme polarity/adhesion, which maintains their disc-proximal positions. Loss of cytoneme-mediated adhesion promotes AMPs to lose niche occupancy and FGF signaling, occupy a disc-distal position, and acquire morphological hallmarks of differentiation. Niche-specific AMP organization and diversification patterns are determined by localized expression and presentation patterns of two different FGFs in the wing-disc and their polarized target-specific distribution through niche-adhering cytonemes. Thus, cytonemes are essential for asymmetric signaling and niche-specific AMP organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Patel
- grid.164295.d0000 0001 0941 7177Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Yicong Wu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of High-Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Xiaofei Han
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of High-Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Yijun Su
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of High-Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Tim Maugel
- grid.164295.d0000 0001 0941 7177Department of Biology, Laboratory for Biological Ultrastructure, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Hari Shroff
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of High-Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sougata Roy
- grid.164295.d0000 0001 0941 7177Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
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12
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Yang S, McAdow J, Du Y, Trigg J, Taghert PH, Johnson AN. Spatiotemporal expression of regulatory kinases directs the transition from mitosis to cellular morphogenesis in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2022; 13:772. [PMID: 35140224 PMCID: PMC8828718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis depends on a tightly regulated balance between mitosis, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Understanding how the embryo uses a relatively small number of proteins to transition between growth and morphogenesis is a central question of developmental biology, but the mechanisms controlling mitosis and differentiation are considered to be fundamentally distinct. Here we show the mitotic kinase Polo, which regulates all steps of mitosis in Drosophila, also directs cellular morphogenesis after cell cycle exit. In mitotic cells, the Aurora kinases activate Polo to control a cytoskeletal regulatory module that directs cytokinesis. We show that in the post-mitotic mesoderm, the control of Polo activity transitions from the Aurora kinases to the uncharacterized kinase Back Seat Driver (Bsd), where Bsd and Polo cooperate to regulate muscle morphogenesis. Polo and its effectors therefore direct mitosis and cellular morphogenesis, but the transition from growth to morphogenesis is determined by the spatiotemporal expression of upstream activating kinases. The mechanisms regulating mitosis and differentiation during development are thought to be distinct. Here they show that in Drosophila the mitotic kinase Polo regulates cellular morphogenesis after cell cycle exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer McAdow
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yingqiu Du
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Trigg
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Paul H Taghert
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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13
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Ou T, Huang G, Wilson B, Gontarz P, Skeath JB, Johnson AN. A genetic screen for regulators of muscle morphogenesis in Drosophila. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab172. [PMID: 33993253 PMCID: PMC8496313 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that determine the final topology of skeletal muscles remain largely unknown. We have been developing Drosophila body wall musculature as a model to identify and characterize the pathways that control muscle size, shape, and orientation during embryogenesis. Our working model argues muscle morphogenesis is regulated by (1) extracellular guidance cues that direct muscle cells toward muscle attachment sites, and (2) contact-dependent interactions between muscles and tendon cells. While we have identified several pathways that regulate muscle morphogenesis, our understanding is far from complete. Here, we report the results of a recent EMS-based forward genetic screen that identified a myriad of loci not previously associated with muscle morphogenesis. We recovered new alleles of known muscle morphogenesis genes, including back seat driver, kon-tiki, thisbe, and tumbleweed, arguing our screen had the depth and precision to uncover myogenic genes. We also identified new alleles of spalt-major, barren, and patched that presumably disrupt independent muscle morphogenesis pathways. Equally as important, our screen shows that at least 11 morphogenetic loci remain to be mapped and characterized. Our screen has developed exciting new tools to study muscle morphogenesis, which may provide future insights into the mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Ou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gary Huang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beth Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul Gontarz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James B Skeath
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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14
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Yadav V, Tolwinski N, Saunders TE. Spatiotemporal sensitivity of mesoderm specification to FGFR signalling in the Drosophila embryo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14091. [PMID: 34238963 PMCID: PMC8266908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the Drosophila embryonic mesoderm is controlled through both internal and external inputs to the mesoderm. One such factor is Heartless (Htl), a Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) expressed in the mesoderm. Although Htl has been extensively studied, the dynamics of its action are poorly understood after the initial phases of mesoderm formation and spreading. To begin to address this challenge, we have developed an optogenetic version of the FGFR Heartless in Drosophila (Opto-htl). Opto-htl enables us to activate the FGFR pathway in selective spatial (~ 35 μm section from one of the lateral sides of the embryo) and temporal domains (ranging from 40 min to 14 h) during embryogenesis. Importantly, the effects can be tuned by the intensity of light-activation, making this approach significantly more flexible than other genetic approaches. We performed controlled perturbations to the FGFR pathway to define the contribution of Htl signalling to the formation of the developing embryonic heart and somatic muscles. We find a direct correlation between Htl signalling dosage and number of Tinman-positive heart cells specified. Opto-htl activation favours the specification of Tinman positive cardioblasts and eliminates Eve-positive DA1 muscles. This effect is seen to increase progressively with increasing light intensity. Therefore, fine tuning of phenotypic responses to varied Htl signalling dosage can be achieved more conveniently than with other genetic approaches. Overall, Opto-htl is a powerful new tool for dissecting the role of FGFR signalling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Yadav
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N. Tolwinski
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Yale-NUS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T. E. Saunders
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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15
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Talaei A, Farkhondeh T, Forouzanfar F. Fibroblast Growth Factor: Promising Target for Schizophrenia. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1344-1353. [PMID: 32598256 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200628114843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating mental disorders around the world. It is characterized by neuroanatomical or biochemical changes. The role of the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) system in schizophrenia has received considerable attention in recent years. Various changes in the gene expression and/or level of FGFs have been implicated in the etiology, symptoms and progression of schizophrenia. For example, studies have substantiated an interaction between FGFs and the signaling pathway of dopamine receptors. To understand the role of this system in schizophrenia, the databases of Open Access Journals, Web of Science, PubMed (NLM), LISTA (EBSCO), and Google Scholar with keywords including fibroblast growth factors, dopamine, schizophrenia, psychosis, along with neurotrophic were searched. In conclusion, the FGF family represent molecular candidates as new drug targets and treatment targets for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Talaei
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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