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Aleksandrowicz R, Strączkowski M. Link between insulin resistance and skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230023. [PMID: 36917038 PMCID: PMC10160556 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the main metabolic tissue responsible for glucose homeostasis in the body. It is surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of three layers: epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. ECM plays an important role in the muscle, as it provides integrity and scaffolding cells. The observed disturbances in this structure are related to the abnormal remodeling of the ECM (through an increase in the concentration of its components). ECM rearrangement may impair insulin action by increasing the physical barrier to insulin transport and reducing insulin transport into muscle cells as well as by directly inhibiting insulin action through integrin signaling. Thus, improper ECM remodeling may contribute to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and related comorbidities. In turn, IR-associated conditions may further aggravate disturbances of ECM in skeletal muscle. This review describes the major components of the ECM that are necessary for its proper function. Particular attention was also paid to receptors (integrins) involved in the signaling of metabolic pathways. Finally, changes in ECM components in the context of clinical and animal studies are discussed. This article will help the reader to systematize knowledge related to the ECM and to better understand the relationship between ECM remodeling and IR, and its role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The information in this article presents the concept of the role of ECM and its remodeling in the pathogenesis of IR, which may contribute to developing new therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róża Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Bialystok, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Bialystok, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Extracellular matrix: an important regulator of cell functions and skeletal muscle development. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:65. [PMID: 33789727 PMCID: PMC8011170 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a kind of connective tissue in the cell microenvironment, which is of great significance to tissue development. ECM in muscle fiber niche consists of three layers: the epimysium, the perimysium, and the endomysium (basal lamina). These three layers of connective tissue structure can not only maintain the morphology of skeletal muscle, but also play an important role in the physiological functions of muscle cells, such as the transmission of mechanical force, the regeneration of muscle fiber, and the formation of neuromuscular junction. In this paper, detailed discussions are made for the structure and key components of ECM in skeletal muscle tissue, the role of ECM in skeletal muscle development, and the application of ECM in biomedical engineering. This review will provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of ECM, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the structure, physiological function, and application of ECM in skeletal muscle tissue.
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Zhang W, Lavine KJ, Epelman S, Evans SA, Weinheimer CJ, Barger PM, Mann DL. Necrotic myocardial cells release damage-associated molecular patterns that provoke fibroblast activation in vitro and trigger myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001993. [PMID: 26037082 PMCID: PMC4599537 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue injury triggers inflammatory responses that promote tissue fibrosis; however, the mechanisms that couple tissue injury, inflammation, and fibroblast activation are not known. Given that dying cells release proinflammatory "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs), we asked whether proteins released by necrotic myocardial cells (NMCs) were sufficient to activate fibroblasts in vitro by examining fibroblast activation after stimulation with proteins released by necrotic myocardial tissue, as well as in vivo by injecting proteins released by necrotic myocardial tissue into the hearts of mice and determining the extent of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis at 72 hours. METHODS AND RESULTS The freeze-thaw technique was used to induce myocardial necrosis in freshly excised mouse hearts. Supernatants from NMCs contained multiple DAMPs, including high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), galectin-3, S100β, S100A8, S100A9, and interleukin-1α. NMCs provoked a significant increase in fibroblast proliferation, α-smooth muscle actin activation, and collagen 1A1 and 3A1 mRNA expression and significantly increased fibroblast motility in a cell-wounding assay in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and receptor for advanced glycation end products-dependent manner. NMC stimulation resulted in a significant 3- to 4-fold activation of Akt and Erk, whereas pretreatment with Akt (A6730) and Erk (U0126) inhibitors decreased NMC-induced fibroblast proliferation dose-dependently. The effects of NMCs on cell proliferation and collagen gene expression were mimicked by several recombinant DAMPs, including HMGB1 and galectin-3. Moreover, immunodepletion of HMGB1 in NMC supernatants abrogated NMC-induced cell proliferation. Finally, injection of NMC supernatants or recombinant HMGB1 into the heart provoked increased myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in wild-type mice but not in TLR4-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS These studies constitute the initial demonstration that DAMPs released by NMCs induce fibroblast activation in vitro, as well as myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in vivo, at least in part, through TLR4-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L., S.A.E., C.J.W., P.M.B., D.L.M.)
| | - Slava Epelman
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.) Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.)
| | - Sarah A Evans
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L., S.A.E., C.J.W., P.M.B., D.L.M.)
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L., S.A.E., C.J.W., P.M.B., D.L.M.)
| | - Philip M Barger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L., S.A.E., C.J.W., P.M.B., D.L.M.)
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L., S.A.E., C.J.W., P.M.B., D.L.M.)
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McCullagh KJA, Perlingeiro RCR. Coaxing stem cells for skeletal muscle repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:198-207. [PMID: 25049085 PMCID: PMC4295015 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a tremendous ability to regenerate, attributed to a well-defined population of muscle stem cells called satellite cells. However, this ability to regenerate diminishes with age and can also be dramatically affected by multiple types of muscle diseases, or injury. Extrinsic and/or intrinsic defects in the regulation of satellite cells are considered to be major determinants for the diminished regenerative capacity. Maintenance and replenishment of the satellite cell pool is one focus for muscle regenerative medicine, which will be discussed. There are other sources of progenitor cells with myogenic capacity, which may also support skeletal muscle repair. However, all of these myogenic cell populations have inherent difficulties and challenges in maintaining or coaxing their derivation for therapeutic purpose. This review will highlight recent reported attributes of these cells and new bioengineering approaches to creating a supply of myogenic stem cells or implants applicable for acute and/or chronic muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J A McCullagh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Blackburn NJ, Sofrenovic T, Kuraitis D, Ahmadi A, McNeill B, Deng C, Rayner KJ, Zhong Z, Ruel M, Suuronen EJ. Timing underpins the benefits associated with injectable collagen biomaterial therapy for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2015; 39:182-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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