1
|
Watanabe M, Kakutani M, Hiura K, Sasaki H, Sasaki N. Differences in susceptibility to ADR nephropathy among C57BL/6 substrains. Exp Anim 2023; 72:520-525. [PMID: 37344407 PMCID: PMC10658096 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy is the most widely used nephropathy model to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in mice. However, its application is limited to a few mouse strains such as the BALB/c strain; the standard strain, C57BL/6J (B6J), does not develop ADR nephropathy. Nevertheless, Arif et al. reported that C57BL/6N (B6N), another standard strain, is ADR-susceptible. Since then, no follow-up reports or other studies have been published on ADR nephropathy in B6N mice. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether B6N mice are indeed susceptible to ADR nephropathy and whether there are differences in ADR susceptibility among the substrains of C57BL/6NCrl (NCrl) and C57BL/6NJcl (NJcl). NCrl mice showed marked albuminuria and mesangial cell proliferation, which are associated with mild ADR nephropathy, confirming that NCrl mice were susceptible to ADR nephropathy. On the other hand, NJcl mice did not exhibit these symptoms. ADR nephropathy models are usually generated by administering ADR through the tail vein, but Arif et al. administered ADR through the orbital vein. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the route of administration on ADR nephropathy. The degree of ADR nephropathy was found to vary based on the route of administration: more severe nephropathy was observed upon administration through the tail vein than through the orbital vein. Therefore, we conclude that NCrl mice are susceptible to ADR nephropathy, and the severity of ADR-induced nephropathy through orbital vein administration is relatively lower than that through the tail vein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Momoka Kakutani
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koki Hiura
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hayato Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iwata Y, Deng Q, Kakizoe Y, Nakagawa T, Miyasato Y, Nakagawa M, Nishiguchi K, Nagayoshi Y, Narita Y, Izumi Y, Kuwabara T, Adachi M, Mukoyama M. A Serine Protease Inhibitor, Camostat Mesilate, Suppresses Urinary Plasmin Activity and Alleviates Hypertension and Podocyte Injury in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15743. [PMID: 37958726 PMCID: PMC10650472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In proteinuric renal diseases, the serine protease (SP) plasmin activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by cleaving its γ subunit. We previously demonstrated that a high-salt (HS) diet provoked hypertension and proteinuria in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats, accompanied by γENaC activation, which were attenuated by camostat mesilate (CM), an SP inhibitor. However, the effects of CM on plasmin activity in DS rats remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CM on plasmin activity, ENaC activation, and podocyte injury in DS rats. The DS rats were divided into the control diet, HS diet (8.0% NaCl), and HS+CM diet (0.1% CM) groups. After weekly blood pressure measurement and 24-h urine collection, the rats were sacrificed at 5 weeks. The HS group exhibited hypertension, massive proteinuria, increased urinary plasmin, and γENaC activation; CM treatment suppressed these changes. CM prevented plasmin(ogen) attachment to podocytes and mitigated podocyte injury by reducing the number of apoptotic glomerular cells, inhibiting protease-activated receptor-1 activation, and suppressing inflammatory and fibrotic cytokine expression. Our findings highlight the detrimental role of urinary plasmin in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension and glomerular injury. Targeting plasmin with SP inhibitors, such as CM, may be a promising therapeutic approach for these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Iwata
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Qinyuan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kakizoe
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Comprehensive Clinical Education, Training and Development Center, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Terumasa Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Miyasato
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kayo Nishiguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yu Nagayoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Narita
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Izumi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Comprehensive Clinical Education, Training and Development Center, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao M, Bohnert BN, Grahammer F, Artunc F. Rodent models to study sodium retention in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13844. [PMID: 35569011 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium retention and edema are hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Different experimental rodent models have been established for simulating NS, however, not all of them feature sodium retention which requires proteinuria to exceed a certain threshold. In rats, puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) is a classic NS model introduced in 1955 that was adopted as doxorubicin-induced nephropathy (DIN) in 129S1/SvImJ mice. In recent years, mice with inducible podocin deletion (Nphs2Δipod ) or podocyte apoptosis (POD-ATTAC) have been developed. In these models, sodium retention is thought to be caused by activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the distal nephron through aberrantly filtered serine proteases or proteasuria. Strikingly, rodent NS models follow an identical chronological time course after the development of proteinuria featuring sodium retention within days and spontaneous reversal thereafter. In DIN and Nphs2Δipod mice, inhibition of ENaC by amiloride or urinary serine protease activity by aprotinin prevents sodium retention, opening up new and promising therapeutic approaches that could be translated into the treatment of nephrotic patients. However, the essential serine protease(s) responsible for ENaC activation is (are) still unknown. With the use of nephrotic rodent models, there is the possibility that this (these) will be identified in the future. This review summarizes the various rodent models used to study experimental nephrotic syndrome and the insights gained from these models with regard to the pathophysiology of sodium retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Xiao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Bernhard N. Bohnert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Department of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
First person – Bernhard N. Bohnert. Dis Model Mech 2021. [PMCID: PMC8461818 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Bernhard N. Bohnert is first author on ‘
Essential role of DNA-PKcs and plasminogen for the development of doxorubicin-induced glomerular injury in mice’, published in DMM. Bernhard is a physician/postdoc in the lab of Prof. Dr. med. Ferruh Artunc at the University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, investigating oedema formation in nephrotic syndrome.
Collapse
|