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Aparicio-Bautista DI, Jiménez-Ortega RF, Becerra-Cervera A, Aquino-Gálvez A, de León-Suárez VP, Casas-Ávila L, Salmerón J, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Rivera-Paredez B, Velázquez-Cruz R. Interaction between MARK3 (rs11623869), PLCB4 (rs6086746) and GEMIN2 (rs2277458) variants with bone mineral density and serum 25-hidroxivitamin D levels in Mexican Mestizo women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1392063. [PMID: 38715801 PMCID: PMC11074919 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1392063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the genetic factors contributing to variations in bone mineral density (BMD) and vitamin D could provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association of single nucleotide variants in MARK3 (rs11623869), PLCB4 (rs6086746), and GEMIN2 (rs2277458) with BMD in Mexican women. Methods The gene-gene interaction was evaluated in these variants in serum 25(OH)D levels and BMD. A genetic risk score (GRS) was created on the basis of the three genetic variants. Genotyping was performed using predesigned TaqMan assays. Results A significant association was found between the rs6086746-A variant and BMD at the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine, in women aged 45 years or older. However, no association was observed between the variants rs11623869 and rs2277458. The rs11623869 × rs2277458 interaction was associated with total hip (p=0.002) and femoral neck BMD (p=0.013). Similarly, for vitamin D levels, we observed an interaction between the variants rs6086746 × rs2277458 (p=0.021). GRS revealed a significant association with total hip BMD (p trend=0.003) and femoral neck BMD (p trend=0.006), as well as increased vitamin D levels (p trend=0.0003). These findings provide evidence of the individual and joint effect of the MARK3, PLCB4, and GEMIN2 variants on BMD and serum vitamin D levels in Mexican women. Discussion This knowledge could help to elucidate the interaction mechanism between BMD-related genetic variants and 25OHD, contributing to the determination of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and its potential implications during early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Aparicio-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio F. Jiménez-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Acupuntura. Universidad Estatal del Valle de Ecatepec. Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Adriana Becerra-Cervera
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Leonora Casas-Ávila
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Dai L, Liu Y, Shi Z. Auriculocondylar syndrome 2 caused by a novel PLCB4 variant in a male Chinese neonate: A case report and review of the literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2441. [PMID: 38618928 PMCID: PMC11017300 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a rare congenital craniofacial developmental malformation syndrome of the first and second pharyngeal arches with external ear malformation at the junction between the lobe and helix, micromaxillary malformation, and mandibular condylar hypoplasia. Four subtypes of ARCND have been described so far, that is, ARCND1 (OMIM # 602483), ARCND2 (ARCND2A, OMIM # 614669; ARCND2B, OMIM # 620458), ARCND3 (OMIM # 615706), and ARCND4 (OMIM # 620457). METHODS This study reports a case of ARCND2 resulting from a novel pathogenic variant in the PLCB4 gene, and summarizes PLCB4 gene mutation sites and phenotypes of ARCND2. RESULTS The proband, a 5-day-old male neonate, was referred to our hospital for respiratory distress. Micrognathia, microstomia, distinctive question mark ears, as well as mandibular condyle hypoplasia were identified. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing identified a novel missense variant of NM_001377142.1:c.1928C>T (NP_001364071.1:p.Ser643Phe) in the PLCB4 gene, which was predicted to impair the local structural stability with a result that the protein function might be affected. From a review of the literature, only 36 patients with PLCB4 gene mutations were retrieved. CONCLUSION As with other studies examining familial cases of ARCND2, incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity were observed within different families' heterozygous mutations in PLCB4 gene. Although, motor and intellectual development are in the normal range in the vast majority of patients with ARCND2, long-term follow-up and assessment are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhang
- Department of NeonatologyAnhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Affiliated Anhui Branch)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Department of NeonatologyAnhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Affiliated Anhui Branch)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Liying Dai
- Department of NeonatologyAnhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Affiliated Anhui Branch)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of NeonatologyAnhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Affiliated Anhui Branch)HefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zifeng Shi
- Radiology Department, Center of Imaging DiagnosisAnhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Affiliated Anhui Branch)HefeiAnhuiChina
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Lin Y, Zhang Y, Ma J, Liu S, Liu Y, Yang C, Zeng C, Luo X. Two Chinese Patients of Auriculocondylar Syndrome 2: A Novel PLCB4 Splicing Variant and 5-Year Follow-up. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656241234575. [PMID: 38414442 DOI: 10.1177/10556656241234575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a set of rare craniofacial malformations characterized by variable micrognathia, ear malformations, and mandibular condyle hypoplasia, and other accompanying features with phenotypic complexity. ARCND2 caused by pathogenic variants in the PLCB4 gene is a very rare disease with less than 50 patients reported and only 36 different variants of the PLCB4 gene recorded in HGMD. This study aims to enrich the patient resources, clinical data and mutational spectrum of ARCND2. DESIGN Case series study. SETTING Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center and Guangdong Women and Children Hospital. PATIENTS Two Chinese patients with ARCND2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical, radiological and molecular findings. RESULTS Both the two patients presented with craniofacial and ear malformations, and feeding difficulties. Whole exome sequencing identified two different variants of the PLCB4 gene in these two patients with a heterozygous allele and a de novo mode of inheritance respectively. Patient 1 carried a known pathogenic c.1861C > T(p.Arg621Cys) missense variant, whereas Patient 2 had a novel c.225 + 1G > A splicing variant. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of PLCB4 variants in the proband and absence in the unaffected parents. These two PLCB4 variants were suggested as disease-causing candidates for these two patients. During a 5-year follow-up, Patient 2 gradually manifested crowded teeth, underweight, motor delay and intellectual disability. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we report two Chinese patients with ARCND2, describe their clinical and mutational features, and share a 5-year follow-up of one patient. Our study adds two additional patients to ARCND2, reveals a novel PLCB4 variant, and expands the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yongxi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Chaoxiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xianqiong Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China
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Kanai SM, Clouthier DE. Endothelin signaling in development. Development 2023; 150:dev201786. [PMID: 38078652 PMCID: PMC10753589 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of endothelin 1 (EDN1) in 1988, the role of endothelin ligands and their receptors in the regulation of blood pressure in normal and disease states has been extensively studied. However, endothelin signaling also plays crucial roles in the development of neural crest cell-derived tissues. Mechanisms of endothelin action during neural crest cell maturation have been deciphered using a variety of in vivo and in vitro approaches, with these studies elucidating the basis of human syndromes involving developmental differences resulting from altered endothelin signaling. In this Review, we describe the endothelin pathway and its functions during the development of neural crest-derived tissues. We also summarize how dysregulated endothelin signaling causes developmental differences and how this knowledge may lead to potential treatments for individuals with gene variants in the endothelin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M. Kanai
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David E. Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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El Fizazi K, Bouramtane A, Abbassi M, El Asri YA, Askander O, El Fahime M, Ouldim K, Ridal M, Bouguenouch L. A homozygous missense variant in the PLCB4 gene causes severe phenotype of auriculocondylar syndrome type 2. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2673-2678. [PMID: 37596802 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a rare craniofacial birth defect characterized by malformations in the mandible and external ear (Question Mark Ear). Genetically, three distinct subtypes of ARCND (ARCND1, ARCND2, and ARCND3) have been identified. ARCND2 is linked to pathogenic variants in the PLCB4 gene (phospholipase C β4). PLCB4 is a key effector of the EDN1-EDNRA pathway involved in craniofacial development via the induction, migration, and maintenance of neural crest cells. ARCND2 is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, with recessive inheritance pattern being rare. In this study, we report the first homozygous missense variant (NM_000933.4: c.2050G>A: p.(Gly684Arg)) in the PLCB4 gene causing ARCND in a 3-year-old patient with a severe clinical phenotype of the syndrome. The patient presented with typical craniofacial ARCND features, in addition to intestinal transit defect, macropenis, and hearing loss. These findings further delineate the phenotypic spectrum of ARCND associated with autosomal recessive PLCB4 loss of function variants. Notably, our results provide further evidence that these variants can result in a more severe and diverse manifestations of the syndrome. Clinicians should consider the rare features of this condition for better management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla El Fizazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Bouramtane
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meriame Abbassi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Yasser Ali El Asri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Omar Askander
- Superior Institute of Biological and Paramedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mohamed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mustapha El Fahime
- National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karim Ouldim
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ridal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Laboratory of Anatomy, Microsurgery and Experimental Surgery, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
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Baxi A, Jourdeuil K, Cox TC, Clouthier DE, Tavares ALP. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the role of SIX1 in mouse cranial neural crest patterning and bone development. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1303-1315. [PMID: 37183792 PMCID: PMC10592572 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants of the transcription factor SIX1 and its co-factor EYA1 underlie 50% of Branchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR) cases. BOR is characterized by craniofacial defects, including malformed middle ear ossicles leading to conductive hearing loss. In this work, we expand our knowledge of the Six1 gene regulatory network by using a Six1-null mouse line to assess gene expression profiles of E10.5 mandibular arches, which give rise to the neural crest (NC)-derived middle ear ossicles and lower jaw, via bulk RNA sequencing. RESULTS Our transcriptomic analysis led to the identification of 808 differentially expressed genes that are related to translation, NC cell differentiation, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis including components of the WNT signaling pathway. As WNT signaling is a known contributor to bone development, we demonstrated that SIX1 is required for expression of the WNT antagonist Frzb in the mandibular arch, and determined that SIX1 expression results in repression of WNT signaling. CONCLUSION Our results clarify the mechanisms by which SIX1 regulates the development of NC-derived craniofacial elements that are altered in SIX1-associated disorders. In addition, this work identifies novel genes that could be causative to this birth defect and establishes a link between SIX1 and WNT signaling during patterning of NC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Baxi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, DC 20037, USA
| | - Karyn Jourdeuil
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, DC 20037, USA
| | - Timothy C. Cox
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - David E. Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andre L. P. Tavares
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, DC 20037, USA
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Fuselier KTB, Kruger C, Salbaum JM, Kappen C. Correspondence of Yolk Sac and Embryonic Genotypes in F0 Mouse CRISPants. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2023; 11:10.18103/mra.v11i6.3989. [PMID: 37885852 PMCID: PMC10601497 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i6.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-mediated genome editing in vivo can be accompanied by prolonged stability of the Cas9 protein in mouse embryos. Then, genome edited variant alleles will be induced as long as Cas9 protein is active, and unmodified wildtype target loci are available. The corollary is that CRISPR-modified alleles that arise after the first zygotic cell division potentially could be distributed asymmetrically to the cell lineages that are specified early during morula and blastocyst development. This has practical implications for the investigation of F0 generation individuals, as cells in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, such as the visceral yolk sac, might end up inheriting different genotypes. We here investigated the hypothetically possible scenarios by genotyping individual F0 CRISPants and their associated visceral yolk sacs in parallel. In all cases, we found that embryonic genotype was accurately reflected by yolk sac genotyping, with the two tissues indicating genetic congruence, even when the conceptus was a mosaic of cells with distinct allele configurations. Nevertheless, low abundance of a variant allele may represent a private mutation occurring only in the yolk sac, and in those rare cases, additional genotyping to determine the mutational status of the embryo proper is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla T B Fuselier
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Claudia Kruger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Department of Regulation of Gene Expression, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Claudia Kappen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Kurihara Y, Ekimoto T, Gordon CT, Uchijima Y, Sugiyama R, Kitazawa T, Iwase A, Kotani R, Asai R, Pingault V, Ikeguchi M, Amiel J, Kurihara H. Mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia results from ETAR gain-of-function mutations via allosteric effects on ligand binding. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:151536. [PMID: 36637912 PMCID: PMC9927936 DOI: 10.1172/jci151536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) cause various human diseases, but the mechanistic details are limited. Here, we establish p.E303K in the gene encoding the endothelin receptor type A (ETAR/EDNRA) as a recurrent mutation causing mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia (MFDA), with craniofacial changes similar to those caused by p.Y129F. Mouse models carrying either of these missense mutations exhibited a partial maxillary-to-mandibular transformation, which was rescued by deleting the ligand endothelin 3 (ET3/EDN3). Pharmacological experiments confirmed the causative ETAR mutations as gain of function, dependent on ET3. To elucidate how an amino acid substitution far from the ligand binding site can increase ligand affinity, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. E303 is located at the intracellular end of transmembrane domain 6, and its replacement by a lysine increased flexibility of this portion of the helix, thus favoring G protein binding and leading to G protein-mediated enhancement of agonist affinity. The Y129F mutation located under the ligand binding pocket reduced the sodium-water network, thereby affecting the extracellular portion of helices in favor of ET3 binding. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of MFDA and into allosteric mechanisms regulating GPCR function, which may provide the basis for drug design targeting GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ekimoto
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yasunobu Uchijima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Sugiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kitazawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Kotani
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rieko Asai
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Véronique Pingault
- Department of Genomic Medicine for Rare Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Center for Computational Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine and Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Genomic Medicine for Rare Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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First person – Stanley ‘Michi’ Kanai. Dis Model Mech 2022. [PMCID: PMC9066517 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Stanley ‘Michi’ Kanai is first author on ‘ Auriculocondylar syndrome 2 results from the dominant-negative action of PLCB4 variants’, published in DMM. He is a postdoctoral fellow in the lab of Dr David Clouthier at Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA, investigating cell-signalling mechanisms in craniofacial development and disorders.
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