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Dönges L, Damle A, Mainardi A, Bock T, Schönenberger M, Martin I, Barbero A. Engineered human osteoarthritic cartilage organoids. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122549. [PMID: 38554643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The availability of human cell-based models capturing molecular processes of cartilage degeneration can facilitate development of disease-modifying therapies for osteoarthritis [1], a currently unmet clinical need. Here, by imposing specific inflammatory challenges upon mesenchymal stromal cells at a defined stage of chondrogenesis, we engineered a human organotypic model which recapitulates main OA pathological traits such as chondrocyte hypertrophy, cartilage matrix mineralization, enhanced catabolism and mechanical stiffening. To exemplify the utility of the model, we exposed the engineered OA cartilage organoids to factors known to attenuate pathological features, including IL-1Ra, and carried out mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We identified that IL-1Ra strongly reduced production of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta [2] and demonstrated that inhibition of the C/EBPβ-activating kinases could revert the degradative processes. Human OA cartilage organoids thus represent a relevant tool towards the discovery of new molecular drivers of cartilage degeneration and the assessment of therapeutics targeting associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dönges
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atharva Damle
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mainardi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bock
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Schönenberger
- Nano Imaging Lab, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Faeed M, Ghiasvand M, Fareghzadeh B, Taghiyar L. Osteochondral organoids: current advances, applications, and upcoming challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:183. [PMID: 38902814 PMCID: PMC11191177 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of studying joint-related diseases, there is a continuous quest for more accurate and representative models. Recently, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have seen a growing interest in utilizing organoids as powerful tools for studying complex biological systems in vitro. Organoids, three-dimensional structures replicating the architecture and function of organs, provide a unique platform for investigating disease mechanisms, drug responses, and tissue regeneration. The surge in organoid research is fueled by the need for physiologically relevant models to bridge the gap between traditional cell cultures and in vivo studies. Osteochondral organoids have emerged as a promising avenue in this pursuit, offering a better platform to mimic the intricate biological interactions within bone and cartilage. This review explores the significance of osteochondral organoids and the need for their development in advancing our understanding and treatment of bone and cartilage-related diseases. It summarizes osteochondral organoids' insights and research progress, focusing on their composition, materials, cell sources, and cultivation methods, as well as the concept of organoids on chips and application scenarios. Additionally, we address the limitations and challenges these organoids face, emphasizing the necessity for further research to overcome these obstacles and facilitate orthopedic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faeed
- Cell and Molecular School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghiasvand
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Fareghzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Qing J, Guo Q, Lv L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Heng BC, Li Z, Zhang P, Zhou Y. Organoid Culture Development for Skeletal Systems. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:545-557. [PMID: 37183418 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are widely considered to be ideal in vitro models that have been widely applied in many fields, including regenerative medicine, disease research and drug screening. It is distinguished from other three-dimensional in vitro culture model systems by self-organization and sustainability in long-term culture. The three core components of organoid culture are cells, exogenous factors, and culture matrix. Due to the complexity of bone tissue, and heterogeneity of osteogenic stem/progenitor cells, it is challenging to construct organoids for modeling skeletal systems. In this study, we examine current progress in the development of skeletal system organoid culture systems and analyze the current research status of skeletal stem cells, their microenvironmental factors, and various potential organoid culture matrix candidates to provide cues for future research trajectory in this field. Impact Statement The emergence of organoids has brought new opportunities for the development of many biomedical fields. The bone organoid field still has much room for exploration. This review discusses the characteristics distinguishing organoids from other three-dimensional model systems and examines current progress in the organoid production of skeletal systems. In addition, based on core elements of organoid cultures, three main problems that need to be solved in bone organoid generation are further analyzed. These include the heterogeneity of skeletal stem cells, their microenvironmental factors, and potential organoid culture matrix candidates. This information provides direction for the future research of bone organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- The Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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4
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Huang J, Zhang L, Lu A, Liang C. Organoids as Innovative Models for Bone and Joint Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1590. [PMID: 37371060 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the key components of the musculoskeletal system. Bone and joint disease are the fourth most widespread disease, in addition to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, which seriously affect people's quality of life. Bone organoids seem to be a great model by which to promote the research method, which further could improve the treatment of bone and joint disease in the future. Here, we introduce the various bone and joint diseases and their biology, and the conditions of organoid culture, comparing the in vitro models among 2D, 3D, and organoids. We summarize the differing potential methods for culturing bone-related organoids from pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells, or progenitor cells, and discuss the current and promising bone disease organoids for drug screening and precision medicine. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and difficulties encountered in the application of bone organoids and look to the future in order to present potential methods via which bone organoids might advance organoid construction and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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5
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Cancedda R, Mastrogiacomo M. Transit Amplifying Cells (TACs): a still not fully understood cell population. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1189225. [PMID: 37229487 PMCID: PMC10203484 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1189225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tissue homeostasis and tissue regeneration after an insult are essential functions of adult stem cells (SCs). In adult tissues, SCs proliferate at a very slow rate within "stem cell niches", but, during tissue development and regeneration, before giving rise to differentiated cells, they give rise to multipotent and highly proliferative cells, known as transit-amplifying cells (TACs). Although differences exist in diverse tissues, TACs are not only a transitory phase from SCs to post-mitotic cells, but they also actively control proliferation and number of their ancestor SCs and proliferation and differentiation of their progeny toward tissue specific functional cells. Autocrine signals and negative and positive feedback and feedforward paracrine signals play a major role in these controls. In the present review we will consider the generation and the role played by TACs during development and regeneration of lining epithelia characterized by a high turnover including epidermis and hair follicles, ocular epithelial surfaces, and intestinal mucosa. A comparison between these different tissues will be made. There are some genes and molecular pathways whose expression and activation are common to most TACs regardless their tissue of origin. These include, among others, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and BMP pathways. However, the response to these molecular signals can vary in TACs of different tissues. Secondly, we will consider cultured cells derived from tissues of mesodermal origin and widely adopted for cell therapy treatments. These include mesenchymal stem cells and dedifferentiated chondrocytes. The possible correlation between cell dedifferentiation and reversion to a transit amplifying cell stage will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranieri Cancedda
- Emeritus Professor, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche (DIMI), Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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6
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Pfeiffenberger M, Damerau A, Ponomarev I, Bucher CH, Chen Y, Barnewitz D, Thöne-Reineke C, Hoff P, Buttgereit F, Gaber T, Lang A. Functional Scaffold-Free Bone Equivalents Induce Osteogenic and Angiogenic Processes in a Human In Vitro Fracture Hematoma Model. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1189-1201. [PMID: 33534144 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After trauma, the formed fracture hematoma within the fracture gap contains all the important components (immune/stem cells, mediators) to initiate bone regeneration immediately. Thus, it is of great importance but also the most susceptible to negative influences. To study the interaction between bone and immune cells within the fracture gap, up-to-date in vitro systems should be capable of recapitulating cellular and humoral interactions and the physicochemical microenvironment (eg, hypoxia). Here, we first developed and characterized scaffold-free bone-like constructs (SFBCs), which were produced from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) using a macroscale mesenchymal condensation approach. SFBCs revealed permeating mineralization characterized by increased bone volume (μCT, histology) and expression of osteogenic markers (RUNX2, SPP1, RANKL). Fracture hematoma (FH) models, consisting of human peripheral blood (immune cells) mixed with MSCs, were co-cultivated with SFBCs under hypoxic conditions. As a result, FH models revealed an increased expression of osteogenic (RUNX2, SPP1), angiogenic (MMP2, VEGF), HIF-related (LDHA, PGK1), and inflammatory (IL6, IL8) markers after 12 and 48 hours co-cultivation. Osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression of the FH indicate the osteoinductive potential and, thus, the biological functionality of the SFBCs. IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, and MIP-1β were detectable within the supernatant after 24 and 48 hours of co-cultivation. To confirm the responsiveness of our model to modifying substances (eg, therapeutics), we used deferoxamine (DFO), which is well known to induce a cellular hypoxic adaptation response. Indeed, DFO particularly increased hypoxia-adaptive, osteogenic, and angiogenic processes within the FH models but had little effect on the SFBCs, indicating different response dynamics within the co-cultivation system. Therefore, based on our data, we have successfully modeled processes within the initial fracture healing phase in vitro and concluded that the cross-talk between bone and immune cells in the initial fracture healing phase is of particular importance for preclinical studies. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Pfeiffenberger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Damerau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Ponomarev
- Research Center of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Christian H Bucher
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Barnewitz
- Research Center of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Christa Thöne-Reineke
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior, and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Hoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Endokrinologikum Berlin, MVZ am Gendarmenmarkt, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Donsante S, Palmisano B, Serafini M, Robey PG, Corsi A, Riminucci M. From Stem Cells to Bone-Forming Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083989. [PMID: 33924333 PMCID: PMC8070464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation starts near the end of the embryonic stage of development and continues throughout life during bone modeling and growth, remodeling, and when needed, regeneration. Bone-forming cells, traditionally termed osteoblasts, produce, assemble, and control the mineralization of the type I collagen-enriched bone matrix while participating in the regulation of other cell processes, such as osteoclastogenesis, and metabolic activities, such as phosphate homeostasis. Osteoblasts are generated by different cohorts of skeletal stem cells that arise from different embryonic specifications, which operate in the pre-natal and/or adult skeleton under the control of multiple regulators. In this review, we briefly define the cellular identity and function of osteoblasts and discuss the main populations of osteoprogenitor cells identified to date. We also provide examples of long-known and recently recognized regulatory pathways and mechanisms involved in the specification of the osteogenic lineage, as assessed by studies on mice models and human genetic skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Donsante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (B.P.); (A.C.)
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (B.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Marta Serafini
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (B.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (B.P.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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McMillan A, Nguyen MK, Huynh CT, Sarett SM, Ge P, Chetverikova M, Nguyen K, Grosh D, Duvall CL, Alsberg E. Hydrogel microspheres for spatiotemporally controlled delivery of RNA and silencing gene expression within scaffold-free tissue engineered constructs. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:315-326. [PMID: 33465507 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivery systems for controlled release of RNA interference (RNAi) molecules, including small interfering (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), have the potential to direct stem cell differentiation for regenerative musculoskeletal applications. To date, localized RNA delivery platforms in this area have focused predominantly on bulk scaffold-based approaches, which can interfere with cell-cell interactions important for recapitulating some native musculoskeletal developmental and healing processes in tissue regeneration strategies. In contrast, scaffold-free, high density human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aggregates may provide an avenue for creating a more biomimetic microenvironment. Here, photocrosslinkable dextran microspheres (MS) encapsulating siRNA-micelles were prepared via an aqueous emulsion method and incorporated within hMSC aggregates for localized and sustained delivery of bioactive siRNA. siRNA-micelles released from MS in a sustained fashion over the course of 28 days, and the released siRNA retained its ability to transfect cells for gene silencing. Incorporation of fluorescently labeled siRNA (siGLO)-laden MS within hMSC aggregates exhibited tunable siGLO delivery and uptake by stem cells. Incorporation of MS loaded with siRNA targeting green fluorescent protein (siGFP) within GFP-hMSC aggregates provided sustained presentation of siGFP within the constructs and prolonged GFP silencing for up to 15 days. This platform system enables sustained gene silencing within stem cell aggregates and thus shows great potential in tissue regeneration applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work presents a new strategy to deliver RNA-nanocomplexes from photocrosslinked dextran microspheres for tunable presentation of bioactive RNA. These microspheres were embedded within scaffold-free, human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aggregates for sustained gene silencing within three-dimensional cell constructs while maintaining cell viability. Unlike exogenous delivery of RNA within culture medium that suffers from diffusion limitations and potential need for repeated transfections, this strategy provides local and sustained RNA presentation from the microspheres to cells in the constructs. This system has the potential to inhibit translation of hMSC differentiation antagonists and drive hMSC differentiation toward desired specific lineages, and is an important step in the engineering of high-density stem cell systems with incorporated instructive genetic cues for application in tissue regeneration.
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9
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In Vitro Human Joint Models Combining Advanced 3D Cell Culture and Cutting-Edge 3D Bioprinting Technologies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030596. [PMID: 33800436 PMCID: PMC7999996 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint-on-a-chip is a new technology able to replicate the joint functions into microscale systems close to pathophysiological conditions. Recent advances in 3D printing techniques allow the precise control of the architecture of the cellular compartments (including chondrocytes, stromal cells, osteocytes and synoviocytes). These tools integrate fluid circulation, the delivery of growth factors, physical stimulation including oxygen level, external pressure, and mobility. All of these structures must be able to mimic the specific functions of the diarthrodial joint: mobility, biomechanical aspects and cellular interactions. All the elements must be grouped together in space and reorganized in a manner close to the joint organ. This will allow the study of rheumatic disease physiopathology, the development of biomarkers and the screening of new drugs.
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10
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O'Connor SK, Katz DB, Oswald SJ, Groneck L, Guilak F. Formation of Osteochondral Organoids from Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1099-1109. [PMID: 33191853 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating joint disease that is characterized by pathologic changes in both cartilage and bone, potentially involving cross talk between these tissues that is complicated by extraneous factors that are difficult to study in vivo. To create a model system of these cartilage-bone interactions, we developed an osteochondral organoid from murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Using this approach, we grew organoids from a single cell type through time-dependent sequential exposure of growth factors, namely transforming growth factor β-3 and bone morphogenic protein 2, to mirror bone development through endochondral ossification. The result is a cartilaginous region and a calcified bony region comprising an organoid with the potential for joint disease drug screening and investigation of genetic risk in a patient or disease-specific manner. Furthermore, we also investigated the possibility of the differentiated cells within the organoid to revert to a pluripotent state. It was found that while the cells themselves maintain the capacity for reinduction of pluripotency, encapsulation in the newly formed 3D matrix prevents this process from occurring, which could have implications for future clinical use of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K O'Connor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dakota B Katz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sara J Oswald
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Logan Groneck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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11
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Carballo CB, Coelho TRP, de Holanda Afonso RC, Faria JCDO, Alves T, Monte SM, Ventura Matioszek GM, Moura-Neto V, de Brito JM. Osteoarthritic Synovial Fluid and TGF-β1 Induce Interleukin-18 in Articular Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2020; 11:385-394. [PMID: 30146893 PMCID: PMC7298592 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518796149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial fluid (SF) plays an important role in the maintenance of articular cartilage. SF is a dynamic reservoir of proteins derived from cartilage and synovial tissue; thus, its composition may serve as a biomarker that reflects the health and pathophysiological condition of the joint. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the osteoarthritic synovial fluid (OASF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) activity in articular chondrocytes catabolic and inflammatory responses. DESIGN Chondrocytes were seeded at passage 2 and cultured for 72 hours under different conditions. Human chondrocytes were subjected to OASF while rat chondrocytes were subjected to either healthy synovial fluid (rSF) or TGF-β1 and then assigned for cell viability analysis. In addition, the effects of OASF and TGF-β1 on chondrocytes metalloprotease (MMP)-3 and MMP-13 and interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression were evaluated by immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS SF from osteoarthritic patients significantly induced MMP-3, MMP-13, and IL-18 receptor expression in chondrocytes. To put in evidence the inflammatory activity of OASF, healthy chondrocytes from rat were cultured with TGF-β1. In the presence of TGF-β1 these cells started to express MMP-3, MMP-13, and IL-18 genes and attached to each other forming a chondrocyte aggregated structure. Healthy SF was able to maintain a typical monolayer of rounded chondrocytes with no inflammatory response. CONCLUSION In summary, these observations demonstrated that TGF-β1, one of the components of OASF, has a dual effect, acting in chondrocyte maintenance and also inducing inflammatory and catabolic properties of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B. Carballo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia
Patológica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research
Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thiago R. P. Coelho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia
Patológica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tercia Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samylla M. Monte
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José M. de Brito
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,José M. de Brito, Universidade Federal do
Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373,
Bloco F2-01, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
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12
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Kronemberger GS, Matsui RAM, Miranda GDASDCE, Granjeiro JM, Baptista LS. Cartilage and bone tissue engineering using adipose stromal/stem cells spheroids as building blocks. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:110-122. [PMID: 32184936 PMCID: PMC7062040 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-free techniques in the developmental tissue engineering area are designed to mimic in vivo embryonic processes with the aim of biofabricating, in vitro, tissues with more authentic properties. Cell clusters called spheroids are the basis for scaffold-free tissue engineering. In this review, we explore the use of spheroids from adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a model in the developmental engineering area in order to mimic the developmental stages of cartilage and bone tissues. Spheroids from adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells lineages recapitulate crucial events in bone and cartilage formation during embryogenesis, and are capable of spontaneously fusing to other spheroids, making them ideal building blocks for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Here, we discuss data from ours and other labs on the use of adipose stromal/stem cell spheroids in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro. Overall, recent studies support the notion that spheroids are ideal "building blocks" for tissue engineering by “bottom-up” approaches, which are based on tissue assembly by advanced techniques such as three-dimensional bioprinting. Further studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that orchestrate spheroid fusion are now crucial to support continued development of bottom-up tissue engineering approaches such as three-dimensional bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Kronemberger
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Renata Akemi Morais Matsui
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Almeida Santos de Castro e Miranda
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Odontology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 25255-030 Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
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13
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Kronemberger GS, Dalmônico GML, Rossi AL, Leite PEC, Saraiva AM, Beatrici A, Silva KR, Granjeiro JM, Baptista LS. Scaffold- and serum-free hypertrophic cartilage tissue engineering as an alternative approach for bone repair. Artif Organs 2020; 44:E288-E299. [PMID: 31950507 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose stem/stromal cell (ASC) spheroids were used as a serum-free in vitro model to recapitulate the molecular events and extracellular matrix organization that orchestrate a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype. Induced-ASC spheroids (ø = 450 µm) showed high cell viability throughout the period of culture. The expression of collagen type X alpha 1 chain (COLXA1) and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) was upregulated at week 2 in induced-ASC spheroids compared with week 5 (P < .001) evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. In accordance, secreted levels of IL-6 (P < .0001), IL-8 (P < .0001), IL-10 (P < .0001), bFGF (P < .001), VEGF (P < .0001), and RANTES (P < .0001) were the highest at week 2. Strong in situ staining for collagen type X and low staining for TSP-1 was associated with the increase of hypertrophic genes expression at week 2 in induced-ASC spheroids. Collagen type I, osteocalcin, biglycan, and tenascin C were detected at week 5 by in situ staining, in accordance with the highest expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene and the presence of calcium deposits as evaluated by Alizarin Red O staining. Induced-ASC spheroids showed a higher force required to compression at week 2 (P < .0001). The human ASC spheroids under serum-free inducer medium and normoxic culture conditions were induced to a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype, opening a new perspective to recapitulate endochondral ossification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Kronemberger
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Emílio Correa Leite
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Saraiva
- Laboratory of Macromolecules, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Anderson Beatrici
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Scientific and Technological Metrology Division (Dimci), National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical Research in Odontology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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14
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De la Vega RE, Scheu M, Brown LA, Evans CH, Ferreira E, Porter RM. Specific, Sensitive, and Stable Reporting of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenesis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:176-190. [PMID: 30727864 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The promoter characterized in this study has been made accessible as a resource for the skeletal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine community. When combined with suitable reporter vectors, the resulting tools can be used for noninvasive and/or high-throughput screening of test conditions for stimulating chondrogenesis by candidate stem/progenitor cells. As demonstrated in this study, they can also be used with small animal imaging platforms to monitor the chondrogenic activity of implanted progenitors within orthotopic models of bone and cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo E De la Vega
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maximiliano Scheu
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Vitacura, Chile
| | - Lennart A Brown
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher H Evans
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elisabeth Ferreira
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan M Porter
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Kingery MT, Schoof L, Strauss EJ, Bosco JA, Halbrecht J. Online Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Stem Cell Therapy for Musculoskeletal Injury and Disease: Misinformation and Violation of Ethical and Legal Advertising Parameters. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2020; 102:2-9. [PMID: 31770294 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.19.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a recent surge in health-care providers offering stem cell therapy (SCT) to patients with musculoskeletal disease. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the misinformation present in online direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of SCT targeting patients with musculoskeletal disease in the U.S. It was hypothesized that DTC advertising of SCT contains substantial misinformation. METHODS A list of keywords was used to identify web sites of practices advertising SCT directly to patients with musculoskeletal disease. Web sites were evaluated to determine the specialties of providers offering SCT, types of SCT being advertised, and misinformation presented. Categories of misinformation included false general claims, inaccurate statements regarding mechanism of action, unfounded results, and scare tactics. RESULTS Of the 896 practice web sites included in the analysis, 95.9% contained at least 1 statement of misinformation, with a mean of 4.65 ± 3.66 statements of misinformation among the sites. Practices associated with an orthopaedic surgeon provided 22% fewer statements of misinformation than practices without an orthopaedic surgeon when we controlled for the effects of other specialties. Practices associated with a podiatrist also provided 22% fewer statements of misinformation. CONCLUSIONS Nearly all practices failed to accurately represent the clinical efficacy of SCT in DTC advertising. While practices associated with an orthopaedic surgeon were less likely to provide misinformation, the majority of all web sites contained some type of misinformation, ranging from errors in the basic science of stem cells to outright false and misleading claims of their clinical effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Kingery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Lauren Schoof
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Eric J Strauss
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Joseph A Bosco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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16
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Kingery MT, Manjunath AK, Anil U, Strauss EJ. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Related Bone Marrow-Derived Orthobiologic Therapeutics. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2019; 12:451-459. [PMID: 31749105 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-019-09583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the current article is to review the available literature related to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the management of musculoskeletal pathologies and demonstrate the critical need for additional well-designed clinical studies. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in interest regarding the use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of musculoskeletal injury and disease. The clinical use of BM-MSCs and other forms of stem cell therapy has far outpaced the basic and translational science evidence required to elucidate the potential efficacy of this orthobiologic treatment approach. Early studies have demonstrated potential clinical benefit of utilizing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the management of knee osteoarthritis, focal chondral lesions, shoulder pathology including rotator cuff tears and glenohumeral arthritis, and degenerative disk disease in the spine. To date, most published studies are small case series often lacking a control group or a standardized method of treatment. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy is becoming an increasingly common treatment for musculoskeletal injuries and disease. Although early clinical studies have shown promising outcomes, methodological flaws and lack of standardization among trials have limited the conclusions that can be drawn from the existing literature. A better understanding of the underlying mechanism of action and more carefully designed clinical trials will help reveal the efficacy and utility of BM-MSCs as a treatment modality for various orthopedic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Kingery
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amit K Manjunath
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Utkarsh Anil
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric J Strauss
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA. .,NYU Langone Orthopedics, 333 East 38th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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17
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Pean CA, Kingery MT, Strauss E, Bosco JA, Halbrecht J. Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Stem Cell Clinics: Ethical Considerations and Recommendations for the Health-Care Community. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 101:e103. [PMID: 31577688 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.19.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Halbrecht
- NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY.,Boulder Regenerative Medicine, Boulder, Colorado
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18
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Sheehy E, Kelly D, O'Brien F. Biomaterial-based endochondral bone regeneration: a shift from traditional tissue engineering paradigms to developmentally inspired strategies. Mater Today Bio 2019; 3:100009. [PMID: 32159148 PMCID: PMC7061547 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent, clinical need for an alternative to the use of autologous grafts for the ever increasing number of bone grafting procedures performed annually. Herein, we describe a developmentally inspired approach to bone tissue engineering, which focuses on leveraging biomaterials as platforms for recapitulating the process of endochondral ossification. To begin, we describe the traditional biomaterial-based approaches to tissue engineering that have been investigated as methods to promote in vivo bone regeneration, including the use of three-dimensional biomimetic scaffolds, the delivery of growth factors and recombinant proteins, and the in vitro engineering of mineralized bone-like tissue. Thereafter, we suggest that some of the hurdles encountered by these traditional tissue engineering approaches may be circumvented by modulating the endochondral route to bone repair and, to that end, we assess various biomaterials that can be used in combination with cells and signaling factors to engineer hypertrophic cartilaginous grafts capable of promoting endochondral bone formation. Finally, we examine the emerging trends in biomaterial-based approaches to endochondral bone regeneration, such as the engineering of anatomically shaped templates for bone and osteochondral tissue engineering, the fabrication of mechanically reinforced constructs using emerging three-dimensional bioprinting techniques, and the generation of gene-activated scaffolds, which may accelerate the field towards its ultimate goal of clinically successful bone organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.J. Sheehy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D.J. Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F.J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Basu A, Rothermund K, Ahmed MN, Syed-Picard FN. Self-Assembly of an Organized Cementum-Periodontal Ligament-Like Complex Using Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineering. Front Physiol 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31031642 PMCID: PMC6470283 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in regenerating periodontal tissues is emulating its complex structure containing both mineralized and soft tissues. In this study, scaffold-free tissue constructs engineered using periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), which contain a population of adult stem/progenitor cells, self-assembled into an organized multi-tissue structure comprising a mineralized cementum-like core enclosed within a periodontal ligament (PDL)-like tissue. Scaffold-free engineered constructs were formed by culturing human PDLCs to form a cell sheet on six-well dishes containing two minutien pins placed 7 mm apart. The cell sheet was contracted by the cells to roll into the pins forming a cylindrical construct anchored on either end by the pins. These tissues were approximately 1 mm in diameter and 7 mm long and contained only the cells and their endogenous matrix. These scaffold-free engineered constructs exhibited two structurally distinct tissues, one in the center of the construct and another on the periphery. The center tissue was mineralized and expressed alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein, similar to cementum. The peripheral tissue was not calcified and expressed periodontal ligament-associated protein-1 and periostin, which is characteristic of the periodontal ligament. This tissue organization was seen after in vitro culture and maintained in vivo following subcutaneous implantation in immunocompromised mice. These data demonstrate that scaffold-free tissue engineering facilitates PDLCs to self-assemble into an organized cementum-PDL-like complex. These engineered tissues could be used as implantable grafts to regenerate damaged periodontal tissues or as model systems to study PDLC biology and mechanisms driving organized tissue assembly within the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Basu
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kristi Rothermund
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Meer N Ahmed
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fatima N Syed-Picard
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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20
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Kuznetsov SA, Hailu-Lazmi A, Cherman N, de Castro LF, Robey PG, Gorodetsky R. In Vivo Formation of Stable Hyaline Cartilage by Naïve Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Modified Fibrin Microbeads. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:586-592. [PMID: 30767420 PMCID: PMC6525579 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritic and other types of articular cartilage defects never heal on their own. Medicinal and surgical approaches are often ineffective, and the supply of autologous chondrocytes for tissue engineering is very limited. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) have been suggested as an adequate cell source for cartilage reconstruction. However, the majority of studies employing BMSCs for cartilage tissue engineering have used BMSCs predifferentiated into cartilage prior to implantation. This strategy has failed to achieve formation of stable, hyaline-like cartilage, resistant to hypertrophy in vivo. We hypothesized that in vitro predifferentiation of BMSCs is not necessary when cells are combined with an adequate scaffold that supports the formation of stable cartilage in vivo. In this study, naïve (undifferentiated) human BMSCs were attached to dehydrothermally crosslinked stable fibrin microbeads (FMBs) without and with other scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice. Optimal formation of abundant, hypertrophy-resistant, ectopic hyaline-like cartilage was achieved when BMSCs were attached to FMBs covalently coated with hyaluronic acid. The cartilage that was formed was of human origin and was stable for at least 28 weeks in vivo. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:586-592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Kuznetsov
- Department of Health and Human Services, Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Astar Hailu-Lazmi
- Biotechnology and Radiobiology Laboratory, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Natasha Cherman
- Department of Health and Human Services, Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis F de Castro
- Department of Health and Human Services, Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Department of Health and Human Services, Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raphael Gorodetsky
- Biotechnology and Radiobiology Laboratory, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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Kim E, Kim JC, Min K, Goh M, Tae G. Rapid and Versatile Cell Aggregate Formation Using Lipid-Conjugated Heparin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24431-24439. [PMID: 29953811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell aggregates hold significant therapeutic promise for in vitro cell analysis, ex vivo tissue models, and in vivo cell therapy and tissue engineering. Traditional methods of making cell aggregates require long incubation times and can only produce three-dimensional-spheroid-shaped aggregates. We propose a novel method of making cell aggregates of diverse sizes and shapes using lipid-conjugated heparin. Shaking the cell suspension containing a small amount of lipid-conjugated heparin for approximately 30 min produced cell aggregates. This approach can be applied to any cell type, including stem cells, fibroblast cells, and T lymphocytes. The shape of biocompatible templates could modulate the shape of cell aggregates. In addition to layered, multicompartmental cell aggregates on template, template-free, tube-shaped cell aggregates could also be made. The cell aggregates formed were alive and maintained biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsol Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Min
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - MeeiChyn Goh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoong Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
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22
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Egger D, Tripisciano C, Weber V, Dominici M, Kasper C. Dynamic Cultivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E48. [PMID: 29921755 PMCID: PMC6026937 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary candidates for cell-based therapies due to their multiple effects in regenerative medicine. Pre-conditioning of MSCs under physiological conditions—such as hypoxia, three-dimensional environments, and dynamic cultivation—prior to transplantation proved to optimize their therapeutic efficiency. When cultivated as three-dimensional aggregates or spheroids, MSCs display increased angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects as well as improved stemness and survival rates after transplantation, and cultivation under dynamic conditions can increase their viability, proliferation, and paracrine effects, alike. Only few studies reported to date, however, have utilized dynamic conditions for three-dimensional aggregate cultivation of MSCs. Still, the integration of dynamic bioreactor systems, such as spinner flasks or stirred tank reactors might pave the way for a robust, scalable bulk expansion of MSC aggregates or MSC-derived extracellular vesicles. This review summarizes recent insights into the therapeutic potential of MSC aggregate cultivation and focuses on dynamic generation and cultivation techniques of MSC aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Egger
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carla Tripisciano
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria.
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria.
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41121 Modena, Italy.
- Technopole of Mirandola TPM, 41037 Mirandola, Modena, Italy.
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Vas WJ, Shah M, Blacker TS, Duchen MR, Sibbons P, Roberts SJ. Decellularized Cartilage Directs Chondrogenic Differentiation: Creation of a Fracture Callus Mimetic. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1364-1376. [PMID: 29580181 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications that arise from impaired fracture healing have considerable socioeconomic implications. Current research in the field of bone tissue engineering predominantly aims to mimic the mature bone tissue microenvironment. This approach, however, may produce implants that are intrinsically unresponsive to the cues present during the initiation of fracture repair. As such, this study describes the development of decellularized xenogeneic hyaline cartilage matrix in an attempt to mimic the initial reparative phase of fracture repair. Three approaches based on vacuum-assisted osmotic shock (Vac-OS), Triton X-100 (Vac-STx), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (Vac-SDS) were investigated. The Vac-OS methodology reduced DNA content below 50 ng/mg of tissue, while retaining 85% of the sulfate glycosaminoglycan content, and as such was selected as the optimal methodology for decellularization. The resultant Vac-OS scaffolds (decellularized extracellular matrix [dcECM]) were also devoid of the immunogenic alpha-Gal epitope. Furthermore, minimal disruption to the structural integrity of the dcECM was demonstrated using differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. The biological integrity of the dcECM was confirmed by its ability to drive the chondrogenic commitment and differentiation of human chondrocytes and periosteum-derived cells, respectively. Furthermore, histological examination of dcECM constructs implanted in immunocompetent mice revealed a predominantly M2 macrophage-driven regenerative response both at 2 and 8 weeks postimplantation. These findings contrasted with the implanted native costal cartilage that elicited a predominantly M1 macrophage-mediated inflammatory response. This study highlights the capacity of dcECM from the Vac-OS methodology to direct the key biological processes of endochondral ossification, thus potentially recapitulating the callus phase of fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wollis J Vas
- 1 Department of Materials and Tissue, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London , Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Mittal Shah
- 1 Department of Materials and Tissue, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London , Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Blacker
- 2 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London , London, United Kingdom .,3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Duchen
- 2 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sibbons
- 4 Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research , Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Scott J Roberts
- 1 Department of Materials and Tissue, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London , Stanmore, United Kingdom
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24
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McMillan A, Nguyen MK, Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Ge P, Yu X, Murphy WL, Kelly DJ, Alsberg E. Dual non-viral gene delivery from microparticles within 3D high-density stem cell constructs for enhanced bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2018; 161:240-255. [PMID: 29421560 PMCID: PMC5826638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-density mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aggregates can be guided to form bone-like tissue via endochondral ossification in vitro when culture media is supplemented with proteins, such as growth factors (GFs), to first guide the formation of a cartilage template, followed by culture with hypertrophic factors. Recent reports have recapitulated these results through the controlled spatiotemporal delivery of chondrogenic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and chondrogenic and osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) from microparticles embedded within human MSC aggregates to avoid diffusion limitations and the lengthy, costly in vitro culture necessary with repeat exogenous supplementation. However, since GFs have limited stability, localized gene delivery is a promising alternative to the use of proteins. Here, mineral-coated hydroxyapatite microparticles (MCM) capable of localized delivery of Lipofectamine-plasmid DNA (pDNA) nanocomplexes encoding for TGF-β1 (pTGF-β1) and BMP-2 (pBMP-2) were incorporated, alone or in combination, within MSC aggregates from three healthy porcine donors to induce sustained production of these transgenes. Three donor populations were investigated in this work due to the noted MSC donor-to-donor variability in differentiation capacity documented in the literature. Delivery of pBMP-2 within Donor 1 aggregates promoted chondrogenesis at week 2, followed by an enhanced osteogenic phenotype at week 4. Donor 2 and 3 aggregates did not promote robust glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production at week 2, but by week 4, Donor 2 aggregates with pTGF-β1/pBMP-2 and Donor 3 aggregates with both unloaded MCM and pBMP-2 enhanced osteogenesis compared to controls. These results demonstrate the ability to promote osteogenesis in stem cell aggregates through controlled, non-viral gene delivery within the cell masses. These findings also indicate the need to screen donor MSC regenerative potential in response to gene transfer prior to clinical application. Taken together, this work demonstrates a promising gene therapy approach to control stem cell fate in biomimetic 3D condensations for treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McMillan
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Minh Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tomas Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBERG), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peilin Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBERG), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; The National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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25
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Zhang S, Buttler-Buecher P, Denecke B, Arana-Chavez VE, Apel C. A comprehensive analysis of human dental pulp cell spheroids in a three-dimensional pellet culture system. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 91:1-8. [PMID: 29621667 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods are of high importance to studies of biological processes. This is particularly the case with spheroid cultures, which create 3D cell aggregates without the use of exogenous materials. Compared to conventional monolayer cultures, cellular spheroid cultures have been demonstrated to improve multilineage potential and extracellular matrix production. To address this issue in depth, we present a more comprehensive analysis of 3D human dental pulp cell (hDPC) spheroids. DESIGN hDPC spheroids were fabricated by the pellet culture method and were cultured without adding any reagent to induce differentiation. The gene-expression profiles of the 3D and two-dimensional (2D) cultured hDPCs were compared by complementary DNA microarray analysis. Odontoblastic and osteoblastic differentiation marker gene expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to examine the morphology of hDPC spheroids and extracellular matrix components. RESULTS Compared with 2D monolayer culture, microarray analysis identified 405 genes and 279 genes with twofold or greater differential expression after 3 days and 28 days of 3D culture, respectively. In 3D hDPC spheroids, gene ontology analysis revealed upregulation of extracellular matrix-related genes and downregulation of cell growth-related genes. RT-qPCR analysis showed higher expression levels of osteocalcin, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and alkaline phosphatase. TEM revealed the morphological characteristics of the fibrillar collagen-rich matrix and cell-cell interactions. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide clues to understanding the mechanisms of pellet-cultured hDPCs and contribute to future research in the comparative studies of different 3D culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Buttler-Buecher
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Victor E Arana-Chavez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Apel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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26
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Herberg S, Varghai D, Cheng Y, Dikina AD, Dang PN, Rolle MW, Alsberg E. High-density human mesenchymal stem cell rings with spatiotemporally-controlled morphogen presentation as building blocks for engineering bone diaphyseal tissue. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:128-143. [PMID: 29577017 PMCID: PMC5865267 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging biomimetic tissue engineering strategies aim to partially recapitulate fundamental events that transpire during embryonic skeletal development; namely, cellular self-organization and targeted morphogenetic pathway activation. Here, we describe self-assembled, scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) rings featuring microparticle-mediated presentation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). We tested the hypothesis that spatiotemporally-controlled dual presentation of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 is superior in modulating in vitro endochondral ossification of high-density cellular constructs compared to single morphogen delivery. hMSC rings were engineered by seeding cells with microparticles presenting (1) TGF-β1, (2) BMP-2, or (3) TGF-β1 + BMP-2 in custom agarose wells to facilitate self-assembly within 2 d, followed by horizontal culture on glass tubes for 5 weeks. At day 2, hMSC rings across groups revealed homogenous cellular organization mimetic of early mesenchymal condensation with no evidence of new matrix or mineral deposition. Significant early chondrogenic and osteogenic priming occurred with TGF-β1 + BMP-2 presentation compared to single morphogen-loaded groups. By week 5, TGF-β1-loaded hMSC rings had undergone chondrogenesis, while presentation of BMP-2 alone or in conjunction with TGF-β1 stimulated chondrogenesis, chondrocyte hypertrophy, and osteogenesis indicative of endochondral ossification. Importantly, tissue mineralization was most compelling with TGF-β1 + BMP-2 loading. Lastly, hMSC ring 'building blocks' were shown to efficiently fuse into tubes within 6 d post self-assembly. The resulting tubular tissue units exhibited structural integrity, highlighting the translational potential of this advanced biomimetic technology for potential early implantation in long bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Herberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Current address: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Varghai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuxuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anna D Dikina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Phuong N Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Giannoni P, Muraglia A, Giordano C, Narcisi R, Cancedda R, Quarto R, Chiesa R. Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Surface-Modified Titanium Alloys for Orthopedic and Dental Implants. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 32:811-20. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880903201107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Surface properties of titanium alloys, used for orthopedic and dental applications, are known to affect implant interactions with host tissues. Osteointegration, bone growth and remodeling in the area surrounding the implants can be implemented by specific biomimetic treatments; these allow the preparation of micro/nanostructured titanium surfaces with a thickened oxide layer, doped with calcium and phosphorus ions. We have challenged these experimental titanium alloys with primary human bone marrow stromal cells to compare the osteogenic differentiation outcomes of the cells once they are seeded onto the modified surfaces, thus simulating a prosthetic device-biological interface of clinical relevance. Methods A specific anodic spark discharge was the biomimetic treatment of choice, providing experimental titanium disks treated with different alkali etching approaches. The disks, checked by electron microscopy and spectroscopy, were subsequently used as substrates for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human cells. Expression of markers of the osteogenic lineage was assessed by means of qualitative and quantitative PCR, by cytochemistry, immunohistochemistry Western blot and matrix metalloprotease activity analyses. Results Metal surfaces were initially less permissive for cell growth. Untreated control substrates were less efficient in sustaining mineralized matrix deposition upon osteogenic induction of the cells. Interestingly, bone sialo protein and matrix metalloprotease 2 levels were enhanced on experimental metals compared to control surfaces, particularly for titanium oxide coatings etched with KOH. Discussion As a whole, the KOH-modification of titanium surfaces seems to allow the best osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, representing a possible plus for future clinical prosthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giannoni
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Advanced Biotechnology Center, Genoa - Italy
| | | | - Carmen Giordano
- Giulio Natta Department of Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Milan Polytechnic University, Milan - Italy
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Advanced Biotechnology Center, Genoa - Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, National Cancer Research Institute, University of Genoa - Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Advanced Biotechnology Center, Genoa - Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Giulio Natta Department of Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Milan Polytechnic University, Milan - Italy
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28
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Improving cartilage phenotype from differentiated pericytes in tunable peptide hydrogels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6895. [PMID: 28761049 PMCID: PMC5537289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells to chondrocytes in vitro usually results in a heterogeneous phenotype. This is evident in the often detected over expression of type X collagen which, in hyaline cartilage structure is not characteristic of the mid-zone but of the deep-zone ossifying tissue. Methods to better match cartilage developed in vitro to characteristic in vivo features are therefore highly desirable in regenerative medicine. This study compares phenotype characteristics between pericytes, obtained from human adipose tissue, differentiated using diphenylalanine/serine (F2/S) peptide hydrogels with the more widely used chemical induced method for chondrogenesis. Significantly higher levels of type II collagen were noted when pericytes undergo chondrogenesis in the hydrogel in the absence of induction media. There is also a balanced expression of collagen relative to aggrecan production, a feature which was biased toward collagen production when cells were cultured with induction media. Lastly, metabolic profiles of each system show considerable overlap between both differentiation methods but subtle differences which potentially give rise to their resultant phenotype can be ascertained. The study highlights how material and chemical alterations in the cellular microenvironment have wide ranging effects on resultant tissue type.
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29
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Pereira RC, Martinelli D, Cancedda R, Gentili C, Poggi A. Human Articular Chondrocytes Regulate Immune Response by Affecting Directly T Cell Proliferation and Indirectly Inhibiting Monocyte Differentiation to Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:415. [PMID: 27822208 PMCID: PMC5075572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous chondrocyte implantation is the current gold standard cell therapy for cartilage lesions. However, in some instances, the heavily compromised health of the patient can either impair or limit the recovery of the autologous chondrocytes and a satisfactory outcome of the implant. Allogeneic human articular chondrocytes (hAC) could be a good alternative, but the possible immunological incompatibility between recipient and hAC donor should be considered. Herein, we report that allogeneic hAC inhibited T lymphocyte response to antigen-dependent and -independent proliferative stimuli. This effect was maximal when T cells and hAC were in contact and it was not relieved by the addition of exogenous lymphocyte growth factor interleukin (IL)-2. More important, hAC impaired the differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes induced with granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor and IL-4 (Mo) to professional antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DC). Indeed, a marked inhibition of the onset of the CD1a expression and an ineffective downregulation of CD14 antigens was observed in Mo–hAC co-cultures. Furthermore, compared to immature or mature DC, Mo from Mo–hAC co-cultures did not trigger an efficacious allo-response. The prostaglandin (PG) E2 present in the Mo–hAC co-culture conditioned media is a putative candidate of the hAC-mediated inhibition of Mo maturation. Altogether, these findings indicate that allogeneic hAC inhibit, rather than trigger, immune response and strongly suggest that an efficient chondrocyte implantation could be possible also in an allogeneic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui C Pereira
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Daniela Martinelli
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST , Genova , Italy
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30
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Muraglia A, Todeschi MR, Papait A, Poggi A, Spanò R, Strada P, Cancedda R, Mastrogiacomo M. Combined platelet and plasma derivatives enhance proliferation of stem/progenitor cells maintaining their differentiation potential. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:1793-806. [PMID: 26589754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Platelet derivatives have been proposed as alternatives to animal sera given that for cell therapy applications, the use of fetal bovine/calf serum (FBS/FCS) is subjected to severe limitations for safety and ethical concerns. We developed a cell culture medium additive obtained by the combination of two blood-derived standardized components. METHODS A platelet lysate (PL) and a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were produced in a lyophilized form. Each component was characterized for its growth factor content (platelet-derived growth factor-BB/vascular endothelial growth factor). PL and PPP were used as single components or in combination in different ratio at cumulative 5% final concentration in the culture medium. RESULTS The single components were less effective than the component combination. In primary cell cultures (bone marrow stromal cells, adipose derived adult stem cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, lymphocytes), the PL/PPP supplement promoted an increased cell proliferation in respect to the standard FCS culture in a dose-dependent manner, maintaining the cell functionality, clonogenicity, phenotype and differentiative properties throughout the culture. At a different component ratio, the supplement was also used to support proliferation of a cell line (U-937). CONCLUSIONS The PL/PPP supplement is an efficient cell culture medium additive that can replace FCS to promote cell proliferation. It can outdo FCS, especially when adopted in primary cultures from tissue biopsies. Moreover, the dual component nature of the supplement allows the researcher to determine the more appropriate ratio of the two components for the nutritional and functional requirements of the cell type of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Papait
- DIMES, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Spanò
- DIMES, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Strada
- IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- DIMES, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- DIMES, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy.
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31
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Bellotti C, Duchi S, Bevilacqua A, Lucarelli E, Piccinini F. Long term morphological characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells 3D spheroids built with a rapid method based on entry-level equipment. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2479-2490. [PMID: 27023795 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) spheroids of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been demonstrated to improve a wide range of MSC features, such as multilineage potential, secretion of therapeutic factors, and resistance against hypoxic condition. Accordingly, they represent a promising tool in regenerative medicine for several biological and clinical applications. Many approaches have been proposed to generate MSC spheroids. They usually require specific generation systems, such as rotatory bioreactors or low-attachment plates, and each approach has its own disadvantages. Furthermore, an over-time analysis of morphological homogeneity and architectural stability of the spheroids generated is rarely provided. In this work we adapted the "pellet culture" method to obtain homogenous spheroids of MSC and maintain them in vitro for long term studies. We analysed their outer and inner structure over a 2-month period to provide morphological and architectural information regarding the spheroids generated. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained using brightfield and confocal microscope imaging coupled to a computational analysis to estimate volume, sphericity, and jagging degree. In addition, histological evaluation was performed to more thoroughly assess the cellular composition and the internal architecture of the 3D spheroids. The results provided show that MSC spheroids generated with the proposed approach are homogeneous and stable, from both morphological and architectural points of view, for a period of at least 15 days, approximately between day 15 and day 30 after their generation. Accordingly, the approach proposed serves as a rapid, cost-effective, and efficient method to generate and maintain MSC spheroids using common entry-level laboratory equipment only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellotti
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Duchi
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bevilacqua
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems for Information and Communication Technologies "E. De Castro" (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2/2, 40125, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems for Information and Communication Technologies "E. De Castro" (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2/2, 40125, Bologna, Italy.
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A Simplified Method for the Aspiration of Bone Marrow from Patients Undergoing Hip and Knee Joint Replacement for Isolating Mesenchymal Stem Cells and In Vitro Chondrogenesis. BONE MARROW RESEARCH 2016; 2016:3152065. [PMID: 27057356 PMCID: PMC4766320 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3152065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The procedure for aspiration of bone marrow from the femur of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) may vary from an OR (operating room) to OR based on the surgeon's skill and may lead to varied extent of clotting of the marrow and this, in turn, presents difficulty in the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from such clotted bone marrow. We present a simple detailed protocol for aspirating bone marrow from such patients, isolation, and characterization of MSCs from the aspirated bone marrow specimens and show that the bone marrow presented no clotting or exhibited minimal clotting. This represents an economical source and convenient source of MSCs from bone marrow for use in regenerative medicine. Also, we presented the detailed protocol and showed that the MSCs derived from such bone marrow specimens exhibited MSCs characteristics and generated micromass cartilages, the recipe for regenerative medicine for osteoarthritis. The protocols we presented can be used as standard operating procedures (SOPs) by researchers and clinicians.
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Dang PN, Dwivedi N, Phillips LM, Yu X, Herberg S, Bowerman C, Solorio LD, Murphy WL, Alsberg E. Controlled Dual Growth Factor Delivery From Microparticles Incorporated Within Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates for Enhanced Bone Tissue Engineering via Endochondral Ossification. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:206-17. [PMID: 26702127 PMCID: PMC4729553 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering via endochondral ossification has been explored by chondrogenically priming cells using soluble mediators for at least 3 weeks to produce a hypertrophic cartilage template. Although recapitulation of endochondral ossification has been achieved, long-term in vitro culture is required for priming cells through repeated supplementation of inductive factors in the media. To address this challenge, a microparticle-based growth factor delivery system was engineered to drive endochondral ossification within human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aggregates. Sequential exogenous presentation of soluble transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) at various defined time courses resulted in varying degrees of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis as demonstrated by glycosaminoglycan and calcium content. The time course that best induced endochondral ossification was used to guide the development of the microparticle-based controlled delivery system for TGF-β1 and BMP-2. Gelatin microparticles capable of relatively rapid release of TGF-β1 and mineral-coated hydroxyapatite microparticles permitting more sustained release of BMP-2 were then incorporated within hMSC aggregates and cultured for 5 weeks following the predetermined time course for sequential presentation of bioactive signals. Compared with cell-only aggregates treated with exogenous growth factors, aggregates with incorporated TGF-β1- and BMP-2-loaded microparticles exhibited enhanced chondrogenesis and alkaline phosphatase activity at week 2 and a greater degree of mineralization by week 5. Staining for types I and II collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin revealed the presence of cartilage and bone. This microparticle-incorporated system has potential as a readily implantable therapy for healing bone defects without the need for long-term in vitro chondrogenic priming. Significance: This study demonstrates the regulation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis with regard to endochondral bone formation in high-density stem cell systems through the controlled presentation of inductive factors from incorporated microparticles. This work lays the foundation for a rapidly implantable tissue engineering system that promotes bone repair via endochondral ossification, a pathway that can delay the need for a functional vascular network and has an intrinsic ability to promote angiogenesis. The modular nature of this system lends well to using different cell types and/or growth factors to induce endochondral bone formation, as well as the production of other tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong N Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Neha Dwivedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren M Phillips
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Caitlin Bowerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Loran D Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Hong S, Lee JY, Hwang C, Shin JH, Park Y. Inhibition of Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Increases the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates via Paracrine Effects. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:233-43. [PMID: 26592750 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of multiple cells, such as mesenchymal condensation, is an important biological process in skeletal muscle development, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis. Due to limited in vivo study model systems, a simple and effective in vitro three-dimensional (3D) aggregation system is required to study the mechanisms of multicellular aggregation and its applications. We first generated controlled mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aggregates using a bioprinting technique to monitor their aggregation and sprouting. We induced the angiogenic potential of the MSCs through chemical inhibition of the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway, which led to hairy sprouting in the aggregates. The angiogenic potential of this 3D construct was then tested by subcutaneously implanting the Matrigel with 3D MSC aggregates in a rat. Treatment of 3D MSCs with the ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, increased their angiogenic activity in vivo. The gene expressions and histological staining indicated that angiogenesis and neovascularization were mainly regulated by the paracrine factors secreted from human 3D MSC constructs. Our results demonstrate the enhancement of the angiogenic potential of the MSC constructs through the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) by the inhibition of the Rho/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hong
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Lee
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Changmo Hwang
- 2 Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering , KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
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Dang PN, Dwivedi N, Yu X, Phillips L, Bowerman C, Murphy WL, Alsberg E. Guiding Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis with Mineral-Coated Hydroxyapatite and BMP-2 Incorporated within High-Density hMSC Aggregates for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 2:30-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong N. Dang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden
218, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Neha Dwivedi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden
218, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Room 5405, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lauren Phillips
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden
218, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Caitlin Bowerman
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden
218, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - William L. Murphy
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Wisconsin
Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Room 5405, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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36
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Sequential differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells for bone regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-9945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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37
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Cunniffe GM, Vinardell T, Murphy JM, Thompson EM, Matsiko A, O’Brien FJ, Kelly DJ. Porous decellularized tissue engineered hypertrophic cartilage as a scaffold for large bone defect healing. Acta Biomater 2015; 23:82-90. [PMID: 26038199 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical translation of tissue engineered therapeutics is hampered by the significant logistical and regulatory challenges associated with such products, prompting increased interest in the use of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) to enhance endogenous regeneration. Most bones develop and heal by endochondral ossification, the replacement of a hypertrophic cartilaginous intermediary with bone. The hypothesis of this study is that a porous scaffold derived from decellularized tissue engineered hypertrophic cartilage will retain the necessary signals to instruct host cells to accelerate endogenous bone regeneration. Cartilage tissue (CT) and hypertrophic cartilage tissue (HT) were engineered using human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, decellularized and the remaining ECM was freeze-dried to generate porous scaffolds. When implanted subcutaneously in nude mice, only the decellularized HT-derived scaffolds were found to induce vascularization and de novo mineral accumulation. Furthermore, when implanted into critically-sized femoral defects, full bridging was observed in half of the defects treated with HT scaffolds, while no evidence of such bridging was found in empty controls. Host cells which had migrated throughout the scaffold were capable of producing new bone tissue, in contrast to fibrous tissue formation within empty controls. These results demonstrate the capacity of decellularized engineered tissues as 'off-the-shelf' implants to promote tissue regeneration.
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38
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Wang J, Tang N, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Li Y, Li J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Tan L. Pulsed electromagnetic field may accelerate in vitro endochondral ossification. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 36:35-44. [PMID: 25358461 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Na Tang
- Stomatology Department of Sichuan Medical Science Academy; Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital; Chengdu China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Lijun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an alternative solution for organ transplantation. Stem cells and nanoscaffolds are two essential components in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary adult stem cells with high proliferation capacity, wide differentiation potential, and immunosuppression properties which make them unique for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Scaffolds are engineered nanofibers that provide suitable microenvironment for cell signalling which has a great influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, and biology. Recently, application of scaffolds and MSCs is being utilized in obtaining more homogenous population of MSCs with higher cell proliferation rate and greater differentiation potential, which are crucial factors in regenerative medicine. In this review, the definition, biology, source, characterization, and isolation of MSCs and current report of application of nanofibers in regenerative medicine in different lesions are discussed.
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Abstract
Two opposing descriptions of so-called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist at this time. One sees MSCs as the postnatal, self-renewing, and multipotent stem cells for the skeleton. This cell coincides with a specific type of bone marrow perivascular cell. In skeletal physiology, this skeletal stem cell is pivotal to the growth and lifelong turnover of bone and to its native regeneration capacity. In hematopoietic physiology, its role as a key player in maintaining hematopoietic stem cells in their niche and in regulating the hematopoietic microenvironment is emerging. In the alternative description, MSCs are ubiquitous in connective tissues and are defined by in vitro characteristics and by their use in therapy, which rests on their ability to modulate the function of host tissues rather than on stem cell properties. Here, I discuss how the two views developed, conceptually and experimentally, and attempt to clarify the confusion arising from their collision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bianco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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41
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Bara JJ, Richards RG, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Concise Review: Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Change Phenotype Following In Vitro Culture: Implications for Basic Research and the Clinic. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1713-23. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos; Davos Platz 7270 Davos Switzerland
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42
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Serafini M, Sacchetti B, Pievani A, Redaelli D, Remoli C, Biondi A, Riminucci M, Bianco P. Establishment of bone marrow and hematopoietic niches in vivo by reversion of chondrocyte differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:659-72. [PMID: 24675053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived "mesenchymal stem cells") can establish the hematopoietic microenvironment within heterotopic ossicles generated by transplantation at non-skeletal sites. Here we show that non-mineralized cartilage pellets formed by hBMSCs ex vivo generate complete ossicles upon heterotopic transplantation in the absence of exogenous scaffolds. These ossicles display a remarkable degree of architectural fidelity, showing that an exogenous conductive scaffold is not an absolute requirement for bone formation by transplanted BMSCs. Marrow cavities within the ossicles include erythroid, myeloid and granulopoietic lineages, clonogenic hematopoietic progenitors and phenotypic HSCs, indicating that complete stem cell niches and hematopoiesis are established. hBMSCs (CD146(+) adventitial reticular cells) are established in the heterotopic chimeric bone marrow through a unique process of endochondral bone marrow formation, distinct from physiological endochondral bone formation. In this process, chondrocytes remain viable and proliferate within the pellet, are released from cartilage, and convert into bone marrow stromal cells. Once explanted in secondary culture, these cells retain phenotype and properties of skeletal stem cells ("MSCs"), including the ability to form secondary cartilage pellets and secondary ossicles upon serial transplantation. Ex vivo, hBMSCs initially induced to form cartilage pellets can be reestablished in adherent culture and can modulate gene expression between cartilage and stromal cell phenotypes. These data show that so-called "cartilage differentiation" of BMSCs in vitro is a reversible phenomenon, which is actually reverted, in vivo, to the effect of generating stromal cells supporting the homing of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Serafini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano - Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Benedetto Sacchetti
- Stem Cell Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Pievani
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano - Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniela Redaelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano - Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Remoli
- Stem Cell Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano - Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Stem Cell Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianco
- Stem Cell Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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43
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Silva FJ, Holt DJ, Vargas V, Yockman J, Boudina S, Atkinson D, Grainger DW, Revelo MP, Sherman W, Bull DA, Patel AN. Metabolically active human brown adipose tissue derived stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:572-81. [PMID: 24420906 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in the evolutionarily conserved mechanisms underlying energy homeostasis in mammals. It is characterized by fat vacuoles 5-10 µm in diameter and expression of uncoupling protein one, central to the regulation of thermogenesis. In the human newborn, BAT depots are typically grouped around the vasculature and solid organs. These depots maintain body temperature during cold exposure by warming the blood before its distribution to the periphery. They also ensure an optimal temperature for biochemical reactions within solid organs. BAT had been thought to involute throughout childhood and adolescence. Recent studies, however, have confirmed the presence of active BAT in adult humans with depots residing in cervical, supraclavicular, mediastinal, paravertebral, and suprarenal regions. While human pluripotent stem cells have been differentiated into functional brown adipocytes in vitro and brown adipocyte progenitor cells have been identified in murine skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue, multipotent metabolically active BAT-derived stem cells from a single depot have not been identified in adult humans to date. Here, we demonstrate a clonogenic population of metabolically active BAT stem cells residing in adult humans that can: (a) be expanded in vitro; (b) exhibit multilineage differentiation potential; and (c) functionally differentiate into metabolically active brown adipocytes. Our study defines a new target stem cell population that can be activated to restore energy homeostasis in vivo for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Silva
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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44
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Sart S, Tsai AC, Li Y, Ma T. Three-dimensional aggregates of mesenchymal stem cells: cellular mechanisms, biological properties, and applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:365-80. [PMID: 24168395 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are primary candidates in cell therapy and tissue engineering and are being tested in clinical trials for a wide range of diseases. Originally isolated and expanded as plastic adherent cells, MSCs have intriguing properties of in vitro self-assembly into three-dimensional (3D) aggregates reminiscent of skeletal condensation in vivo. Recent studies have shown that MSC 3D aggregation improved a range of biological properties, including multilineage potential, secretion of therapeutic factors, and resistance against ischemic condition. Hence, the formation of 3D MSC aggregates has been explored as a novel strategy to improve cell delivery, functional activation, and in vivo retention to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This article summarizes recent reports of MSC aggregate self-assembly, characterization of biological properties, and their applications in preclinical models. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MSC aggregate formation and functional activation are discussed, and the areas that warrant further investigation are highlighted. These analyses are combined to provide perspectives for identifying the controlling mechanisms and refining the methods of aggregate fabrication and expansion for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
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45
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Mohanraj B, Farran AJ, Mauck RL, Dodge GR. Time-dependent functional maturation of scaffold-free cartilage tissue analogs. J Biomech 2013; 47:2137-42. [PMID: 24262848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the most critical parameters in cartilage tissue engineering which influences the clinical success of a repair therapy is the ability to match the load-bearing capacity of the tissue as it functions in vivo. While mechanical forces are known to positively influence the development of cartilage matrix architecture, these same forces can induce long-term implant failure due to poor integration or structural deficiencies. As such, in the design of optimal repair strategies, it is critical to understand the timeline of construct maturation and how the elaboration of matrix correlates with the development of mechanical properties. We have previously characterized a scaffold-free method to engineer cartilage utilizing primary chondrocytes cultured at high density in hydrogel-coated culture vessels to promote the formation of a self-aggregating cell suspension that condenses to form a cartilage-like biomass, or cartilage tissue analog (CTA). Chondrocytes in these CTAs maintain their cellular phenotype and deposit extracellular matrix to form a construct that has characteristics similar to native cartilage; however, the mechanical integrity of CTAs had not yet been evaluated. In this study, we found that chondrocytes within CTAs produced a robust matrix of proteoglycans and collagen that correlated with increasing mechanical properties and decreasing cell-matrix ratios, leading to properties that approached that of native cartilage. These results demonstrate a unique approach to generating a cartilage-like tissue without the complicating factor of scaffold, while showing increased compressive properties and matrix characteristics consistent with other approaches, including scaffold-based constructs. To further improve the mechanics of CTAs, studies are currently underway to explore the effect of hydrodynamic loading and whether these changes would be reflective of in vivo maturation in animal models. The functional maturation of cartilage tissue analogs as described here support this engineered cartilage model for use in clinical and experimental applications for repair and regeneration in joint-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Mohanraj
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra J Farran
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Collaborative Research Partner Acute Cartilage Injury Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George R Dodge
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Collaborative Research Partner Acute Cartilage Injury Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland.
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46
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Meng F, He A, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Yang Z, Long Y, Wu G, Kang Y, Liao W. Chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 and hMSCs could be induced by a novel scaffold-tricalcium phosphate-collagen-hyaluronan without any exogenous growth factors in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2725-35. [PMID: 24026971 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Application of chondrogenic growth factors is a routine strategy to induce chondrogenesis of hMSCs, but they have economic and safety problems in the long term. It is expected that scaffold material itself could play an important role in chondrogenesis of hMSCs. In this study we tested whether a novel tricalcium phosphate-collagen-hyaluronan scaffold (TCP-COL-HA) had inherent chondro-inductive capacity for chondrogenesis of both ATDC5 and hMSCs without any exogenous growth factors in vitro. hMSCs and ATDC5 were seeded onto TCP-COL-HA scaffolds and cultured in basal medium for 3 weeks to investigate whether the TCP-COL-HA scaffold itself had differentiation-inductive capacity in basal culture. With hMSCs-seeded scaffold in chondrogenic medium (including TGF-β1) as positive control, we then compared the chondrogenic induction of TCP-COL-HA in basal culture and in chondrogenic culture. The chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated by sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) quantification, type II collagen immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR. Mechanical strength was evaluated by compression test and the cell death rate of hMSCs was assessed with TUNEL assay. The results showed TCP-COL-HA scaffold itself could efficiently induce chondrogenic differentiation of both ATDC5 and hMSCs after 3 weeks in basal culture. The accumulation of GAGs and the expression of chondrocyte marker genes were all significantly increased. In addition, hMSCs-seeded scaffold showed a significantly higher mechanical strength after 3 weeks in basal culture. The chondrogenic induction of TCP-COL-HA scaffolds in basal medium were almost similar to that in chondrogenic medium on hMSCs. The chondrogenesis-inducing capacity of TCP-COL-HA scaffold might help to improve cartilage tissue engineering with economic and safe benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangang Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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47
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Xu L, Wang Q, Xu F, Ye Z, Zhou Y, Tan WS. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Downregulate Articular Chondrocyte Differentiation in Noncontact Coculture Systems: Implications in Cartilage Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1657-69. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Syed-Picard FN, Jayaraman T, Lam RSK, Beniash E, Sfeir C. Osteoinductivity of calcium phosphate mediated by connexin 43. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3763-74. [PMID: 23465492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have alluded to the osteoinductive properties of calcium phosphate, yet the cellular processes behind this are not well understood. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, we have conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments using a scaffoldless three dimensional (3D) dental pulp cell (DPC) construct as a physiologically relevant model. We demonstrate that amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) alters cellular functions and 3D spatial tissue differentiation patterns by increasing local calcium concentration, which modulates connexin 43 (Cx43)-mediated gap junctions. These observations indicate a chemical mechanism for osteoinductivity of calcium phosphates. These results provide new insights for possible roles of mineral phases in bone formation and remodeling. This study also emphasizes the strong effect of scaffold materials on cellular functions and is expected to advance the design of future tissue engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima N Syed-Picard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Naito H, Yoshimura M, Mizuno T, Takasawa S, Tojo T, Taniguchi S. The advantages of three-dimensional culture in a collagen hydrogel for stem cell differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2838-45. [PMID: 23468218 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) culture in a collagen hydrogel for stem cell differentiation, including the morphology of differentiated cells, differentiation efficiency of stem cells from aged rat and cells after passaging and freeze/thawing. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young and aged rats, and MSCs after passaging and freeze/thawing were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts in 3D and 2D cultures, and histological studies were performed. Differentiation efficiency was evaluated by markers of osteoblastic differentiation including Runx2 and osterix gene expressions, osteocalcin secretion and calcium deposition. MSCs were stained positive for alkaline phosphatase in 3D and 2D cultures. However, the morphology of differentiated cells in 3D culture, which was different from that in 2D culture, was similar to that of osteoblasts in vivo. Markers of osteoblastic differentiation in MSCs from aged rats in 3D culture were higher than those in MSCs from young rats in 2D culture. Markers of osteoblastic differentiation in MSCs after passaging and freeze/thawing in 3D culture were higher than those in nonpassaged MSCs in 2D culture. These results indicate that 3D culture in a collagen hydrogel has advantages for the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts with a similar phenotype to that of in vivo, when using even MSCs from aged donors or after passaging and freeze/thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Naito
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Fernández Vallone VB, Romaniuk MA, Choi H, Labovsky V, Otaegui J, Chasseing NA. Mesenchymal stem cells and their use in therapy: what has been achieved? Differentiation 2013; 85:1-10. [PMID: 23314286 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The considerable therapeutic potential of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has generated increasing interest in a wide variety of biomedical disciplines. Nevertheless, researchers report studies on MSCs using different methods of isolation and expansion, as well as different approaches to characterize them; therefore, it is increasingly difficult to compare and contrast study outcomes. To begin to address this issue, the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy proposed minimal criteria to define human MSCs. First, MSCs must be plastic-adherent when maintained in standard culture conditions (α minimal essential medium plus 20% fetal bovine serum). Second, MSCs must express CD105, CD73 and CD90, and MSCs must lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79α or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules. Third, MSCs must differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro. MSCs are isolated from many adult tissues, in particular from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Along with their capacity to differentiate and transdifferentiate into cells of different lineages, these cells have also generated great interest for their ability to display immunomodulatory capacities. Indeed, a major breakthrough was the finding that MSCs are able to induce peripheral tolerance, suggesting that they may be used as therapeutic tools in immune-mediated disorders. Although no significant adverse events have been reported in clinical trials to date, all interventional therapies have some inherent risks. Potential risks for undesirable events, such as tumor development, that might occur while using these stem cells for therapy must be taken into account and contrasted against the potential benefits to patients.
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