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Mastos C, Xu X, Keen AC, Halls ML. Signalling of Adrenoceptors: Canonical Pathways and New Paradigms. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 285:147-184. [PMID: 38227198 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The concept of G protein-coupled receptors initially arose from studies of the β-adrenoceptor, adenylyl cyclase, and cAMP signalling pathway. Since then both canonical G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways and emerging paradigms in receptor signalling have been defined by experiments focused on adrenoceptors. Here, we discuss the evidence for G protein coupling specificity of the nine adrenoceptor subtypes. We summarise the ability of each of the adrenoceptors to activate proximal signalling mediators including cAMP, calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and protein kinase C pathways. Finally, we highlight the importance of precise spatial and temporal control of adrenoceptor signalling that is controlled by the localisation of receptors at intracellular membranes and in larger protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Mastos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Park E, Yang CR, Raghuram V, Deshpande V, Datta A, Poll BG, Leo KT, Kikuchi H, Chen L, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Data resource: vasopressin-regulated protein phosphorylation sites in the collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F43-F55. [PMID: 36264882 PMCID: PMC9762968 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00229.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin controls renal water excretion through actions to regulate aquaporin-2 (AQP2) trafficking, transcription, and degradation. These actions are in part dependent on vasopressin-induced phosphorylation changes in collecting duct cells. Although most efforts have focused on the phosphorylation of AQP2 itself, phosphoproteomic studies have identified many vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites in proteins other than AQP2. The goal of this bioinformatics-based review is to create a compendium of vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites with a focus on those that are seen in both native rat inner medullary collecting ducts and cultured collecting duct cells from the mouse (mpkCCD), arguing that these sites are the best candidates for roles in AQP2 regulation. This analysis identified 51 vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites in 45 proteins. We provide resource web pages at https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/AVP-Phos/ and https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/AVP-Network/, listing the phosphorylation sites and describing annotated functions of each of the vasopressin-targeted phosphoproteins. Among these sites are 23 consensus protein kinase A (PKA) sites that are increased in response to vasopressin, consistent with a central role for PKA in vasopressin signaling. The remaining sites are predicted to be phosphorylated by other kinases, most notably ERK1/2, which accounts for decreased phosphorylation at sites with a X-p(S/T)-P-X motif. Additional protein kinases that undergo vasopressin-induced changes in phosphorylation are Camkk2, Cdk18, Erbb3, Mink1, and Src, which also may be activated directly or indirectly by PKA. The regulated phosphoproteins are mapped to processes that hypothetically can account for vasopressin-mediated control of AQP2 trafficking, cytoskeletal alterations, and Aqp2 gene expression, providing grist for future studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vasopressin regulates renal water excretion through control of the aquaporin-2 water channel in collecting duct cells. Studies of vasopressin-induced protein phosphorylation have focused mainly on the phosphorylation of aquaporin-2. This study describes 44 phosphoproteins other than aquaporin-2 that undergo vasopressin-mediated phosphorylation changes and summarizes potential physiological roles of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Venkatesh Deshpande
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arnab Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kirby T Leo
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Yoshie M, Ohishi K, Ishikawa G, Tsuru A, Kusama K, Azumi M, Tamura K. Small GTP-binding protein Rap1 mediates EGF and HB-EGF signaling and modulates EGF receptor expression in HTR-8/SVneo extravillous trophoblast cells. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12537. [PMID: 37614815 PMCID: PMC10442520 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the endometrium to establish a fetomaternal interaction during pregnancy. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) stimulate EVT invasion by binding to the EGF receptor (EGFR). We examined the role of the small GTP-binding protein Rap1 in EGF- and HB-EGF-stimulated EVT invasion. Methods Expression of Rap1 in the first-trimester placenta was examined by immunohistochemistry. Effect of EGF or HB-EGF on Rap1 activation (GTP-Rap1) and Rap1 knockdown on invasion was assessed in EVT cell line (HTR-8/SVneo). In addition, effect of Rap1 knockdown and Rap1GAP (a Rap1 inactivator) overexpression on the activation of EGF signaling and EGFR expression were examined. Results Rap1 was expressed by EVTs, villous cytotrophoblasts, and syncytiotrophoblasts in the placenta. EGF and HB-EGF activated Rap1 and promoted invasion of HTR-8/SVneo, and these effects were inhibited by Rap1 knockdown. The EGF- and HB-EGF-induced phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and Src was inhibited by Rap1 knockdown. Furthermore, the knockdown of Rap1 reduced the EGFR protein level. Overexpression of Rap1GAP repressed EGF- and HB-EGF-induced Rap1 activation and reduced EGFR expression. Conclusion Rap1 may function as a mediator of EGF and HB-EGF signaling pathways and can modulate EGFR expression in EVTs during placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Yoshie
- Department of Endocrine PharmacologyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Kensuke Ohishi
- Department of Endocrine PharmacologyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Gen Ishikawa
- Department of ObstetricsMiyagi Children's HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Atsuya Tsuru
- Department of Endocrine PharmacologyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine PharmacologyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Mana Azumi
- Department of Endocrine PharmacologyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Tamura
- Department of Endocrine PharmacologyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
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Nie L, Sun K, Gong Z, Li H, Quinn JP, Wang M. Src Family Kinases Facilitate the Crosstalk between CGRP and Cytokines in Sensitizing Trigeminal Ganglion via Transmitting CGRP Receptor/PKA Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213498. [PMID: 36359895 PMCID: PMC9655983 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The communication between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and cytokines plays a prominent role in maintaining trigeminal ganglion (TG) and trigeminovascular sensitization. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism is elusive. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that Src family kinases (SFKs) activity facilitates the crosstalk between CGRP and cytokines in sensitizing TG. Mouse TG tissue culture was performed to study CGRP release by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cytokine release by multiplex assay, cytokine gene expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and phosphorylated SFKs level by western blot. The results demonstrated that a SFKs activator, pYEEI (YGRKKRRQRRREPQY(PO3H2)EEIPIYL) alone, did not alter CGRP release or the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression in the mouse TG. In contrast, a SFKs inhibitor, saracatinib, restored CGRP release, the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, C-X-C motif ligand 1, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) release, and IL-1β, CCL2 gene expression when the mouse TG was pre-sensitized with hydrogen peroxide and CGRP respectively. Consistently with this, the phosphorylated SFKs level was increased by both hydrogen peroxide and CGRP in the mouse TG, which was reduced by a CGRP receptor inhibitor BIBN4096 and a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor PKI (14–22) Amide. The present study demonstrates that SFKs activity plays a pivotal role in facilitating the crosstalk between CGRP and cytokines by transmitting CGRP receptor/PKA signaling to potentiate TG sensitization and ultimately trigeminovascular sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Nie
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Kai Sun
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyang Gong
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Minyan Wang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Correspondence:
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Matsubara T, Yasuda K, Mizuta K, Kawaue H, Kokabu S. Tyrosine Kinase Src Is a Regulatory Factor of Bone Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105508. [PMID: 35628319 PMCID: PMC9146043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, which resorb the bone, and osteoblasts, which form the bone, are the key cells regulating bone homeostasis. Osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases occur when osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is increased and bone formation by osteoblasts is decreased. Analyses of tyrosine kinase Src-knockout mice revealed that Src is essential for bone resorption by osteoclasts and suppresses bone formation by osteoblasts. Src-knockout mice exhibit osteopetrosis. Therefore, Src is a potential target for osteoporosis therapy. However, Src is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and is involved in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, growth, and migration. Thus, it is challenging to develop effective osteoporosis therapies targeting Src. To solve this problem, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of Src function in the bone. Src expression and catalytic activity are maintained at high levels in osteoclasts. The high activity of Src is essential for the attachment of osteoclasts to the bone matrix and to resorb the bone by regulating actin-related molecules. Src also inhibits the activity of Runx2, a master regulator of osteoblast differentiation, suppressing bone formation in osteoblasts. In this paper, we introduce the molecular mechanisms of Src in osteoclasts and osteoblasts to explore its potential for bone metabolic disease therapy.
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Min JK, Park HS, Lee YB, Kim JG, Kim JI, Park JB. Cross-Talk between Wnt Signaling and Src Tyrosine Kinase. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051112. [PMID: 35625853 PMCID: PMC9138253 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, was first discovered as a prototype oncogene and has been shown to critical for cancer progression for a variety of tissues. Src activity is regulated by a number of post-translational modifications in response to various stimuli. Phosphorylations of Src Tyr419 (human; 416 in chicken) and Src Tyr530 (human; 527 in chicken) have been known to be critical for activation and inactivation of Src, respectively. Wnt signaling regulates a variety of cellular functions including for development and cell proliferation, and has a role in certain diseases such as cancer. Wnt signaling is carried out through two pathways: β-catenin-dependent canonical and β-catenin-independent non-canonical pathways as Wnt ligands bind to their receptors, Frizzled, LRP5/6, and ROR1/2. In addition, many signaling components including Axin, APC, Damm, Dishevelled, JNK kinase and Rho GTPases contribute to these canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. However, the communication between Wnt signaling and Src tyrosine kinase has not been well reviewed as Src regulates Wnt signaling through LRP6 tyrosine phosphorylation. GSK-3β phosphorylated by Wnt also regulates Src activity. As Wnt signaling and Src mutually regulate each other, it is noted that aberrant regulation of these components give rise to various diseases including typically cancer, and as such, merit a closer look.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hwee-Seon Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-I.K.)
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yoon-Beom Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-I.K.)
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2542; Fax: +82-33-244-8425
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Proteomic Analysis of the Role of the Adenylyl Cyclase-cAMP Pathway in Red Blood Cell Mechanical Responses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071250. [PMID: 35406814 PMCID: PMC8997765 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) deformability is modulated by the phosphorylation status of the cytoskeletal proteins that regulate the interactions of integral transmembrane complexes. Proteomic studies have revealed that receptor-related signaling molecules and regulatory proteins involved in signaling cascades are present in RBCs. In this study, we investigated the roles of the cAMP signaling mechanism in modulating shear-induced RBC deformability and examined changes in the phosphorylation of the RBC proteome. We implemented the inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase (SQ22536), protein kinase A (H89), and phosphodiesterase (PDE) (pentoxifylline) to whole blood samples, applied 5 Pa shear stress (SS) for 300 s with a capillary tubing system, and evaluated RBC deformability using a LORRCA MaxSis. The inhibition of signaling molecules significantly deteriorated shear-induced RBC deformability (p < 0.05). Capillary SS slightly increased the phosphorylation of RBC cytoskeletal proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly elevated by the modulation of the cAMP/PKA pathway (p < 0.05), while serine phosphorylation significantly decreased as a result of the inhibition of PDE (p < 0.05). AC is the core element of this signaling pathway, and PDE works as a negative feedback mechanism that could have potential roles in SS-induced RBC deformability. The cAMP/PKA pathway could regulate RBC deformability during capillary transit by triggering significant alterations in the phosphorylation state of RBCs.
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Sagehashi N, Obara Y, Maruyama O, Nakagawa T, Hosoi T, Ishii K. Insulin enhances gene expression of Midnolin, a novel genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease, via ERK, PI3-kinase and multiple transcription factors in SH-SY5Y cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:68-78. [PMID: 35241633 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Although many monogenic variants have been identified that cause familial PD, most cases are sporadic and the mechanisms of sporadic PD onset remain unclear. We previously identified Midnolin (MIDN) as a novel genetic risk factor for PD in Japanese population. MIDN copy number loss was strongly associated with sporadic PD, which was replicated in British population. Furthermore, suppression of MIDN expression in rat PC12 cells inhibits neurite outgrowth and expression of Parkin ubiquitin ligase. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of MIDN expression are unknown. We, therefore, investigated the molecular mechanism of MIDN expression in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We found that MIDN expression was promoted by insulin via extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and PI3-kinase-dependent pathways. In addition, MIDN promoter activity was enhanced by mutations at transcription factor AP-2 consensus sequences and reduced by mutations at cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) consensus sequences. The dominant-negative CREB mutant did not block MIDN promoter activity, but both the pharmacological inhibitor and decoy oligodeoxynucleotide for AP-1 significantly blocked its activity. Additionally, DNA binding of c-FOS and c-JUN to the AP-1 consensus sequence in the MIDN promoter was enhanced by insulin as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation, which suggested that AP-1 positively regulated MIDN expression. Taken together, this study reveals molecular mechanisms of MIDN gene expression induced by insulin in neuronal cells, and drugs which promote MIDN expression may have potential to be a novel medicine for PD. Significance Statement We demonstrated that insulin promotes MIDN expression via ERK1/2 and PI3-kinase pathways. Furthermore, we identified the important region of the MIDN promoter and showed that transcription factors, including AP-1, positively regulate MIDN expression, whereas TFAP2 negatively regulates basal and insulin-induced MIDN expression. We believe that our observations are important and that they contribute to the development of novel drugs to treat Parkinson's disease.
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Kato G. Regulatory Roles of the N-Terminal Intrinsically Disordered Region of Modular Src. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2241. [PMID: 35216357 PMCID: PMC8874404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src, the prototype of Src family kinases (SFKs), is a modular protein consisting of SH4 (SH4) and unique (UD) domains in an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR), and SH3, SH2, and kinase (KD) folded domains conserved among SFKs. Src functions as a pleiotropic signaling hub in proliferating and post-mitotic cells, and it is related to cancer and neurological diseases. However, its regulatory mechanism is unclear because the existing canonical model is derived from crystallographic analyses of folded constructs lacking the IDR. This work reviews nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of partially structured lipid-binding segments in the flexible UD and the fuzzy intramolecular complex (FIMC) comprising IDR and SH3 domains, which interacts with lipid membranes and proteins. Furthermore, recently determined IDR-related Src characteristics are discussed, including dimerization, SH4/KD intramolecular fastener bundling of folded domains, and the sorting of adhesive structures. Finally, the modulatory roles of IDR phosphorylation in Src activities involving the FIMC are explored. The new regulatory roles of IDRs are integrated with the canonical model to elucidate the functions of full-length Src. This review presents new aspects of Src regulation, and provides a future direction for studies on the structure and function of Src, and their implications for pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kato
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan
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10
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Zhang RG, Niu Y, Pan KW, Pang H, Chen CL, Yip CY, Ko WH. β 2-Adrenoceptor Activation Stimulates IL-6 Production via PKA, ERK1/2, Src, and Beta-Arrestin2 Signaling Pathways in Human Bronchial Epithelia. Lung 2021; 199:619-627. [PMID: 34725715 PMCID: PMC8626360 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-021-00484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β2-Adrenoceptor agonists are widely used to treat asthma because of their bronchial-dilation effects. We previously reported that isoprenaline, via the apical and basolateral β2-adrenoceptor, induced Cl- secretion by activating cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent pathways in human bronchial epithelia. Despite these results, whether and how the β2-adrenoceptor-mediated cAMP-dependent pathway contributes to pro-inflammatory cytokine release in human bronchial epithelia remains poorly understood. METHODS We investigated β2-adrenoceptor-mediated signaling pathways involved in the production of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, in 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelia. The effects of isoprenaline or formoterol were assessed in the presence of protein kinase A (PKA), exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), Src, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 inhibitors. The involvement of β-arrestin2 was examined using siRNA knockdown. RESULTS Isoprenaline and formoterol (both β2 agonists) induced IL-6, but not IL-8, release, which could be inhibited by ICI 118,551 (β2 antagonist). The PKA-specific inhibitor, H89, partially inhibited IL-6 release. Another intracellular cAMP receptor, EPAC, was not involved in IL-6 release. Isoprenaline-mediated IL-6 secretion was attenuated by dasatinib, a Src inhibitor, and PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor. Isoprenaline treatment also led to ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, knockdown of β-arrestin2 by siRNA specifically suppressed cytokine release when a high concentration of isoprenaline (1 mM) was used. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that activation of the β2-adrenoceptor in 16HBE14o- cells stimulated the PKA/Src/ERK1/2 and/or β-arrestin2 signaling pathways, leading to IL-6 release. Therefore, our data reveal that β2-adrenoceptor signaling plays a role in the immune regulation of human airway epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Gang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ya Niu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ke-Wu Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, N.T., China
| | - Hao Pang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chun-Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chung-Yin Yip
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, N.T., China
| | - Wing-Hung Ko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, N.T., China.
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11
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Nie L, Jiang L, Quinn JP, Grubb BD, Wang M. TRPA1-Mediated Src Family Kinases Activity Facilitates Cortical Spreading Depression Susceptibility and Trigeminovascular System Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12273. [PMID: 34830154 PMCID: PMC8620265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) plays a role in migraine and is proposed as a promising target for migraine therapy. However, TRPA1-induced signaling in migraine pathogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that Src family kinases (SFKs) transmit TRPA1 signaling in regulating cortical spreading depression (CSD), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release and neuroinflammation. CSD was monitored in mouse brain slices via intrinsic optical imaging, and in rats using electrophysiology. CGRP level and IL-1β gene expression in mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) was detected using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction respectively. The results showed a SFKs activator, pYEEI (EPQY(PO3H2)EEEIPIYL), reversed the reduced cortical susceptibility to CSD by an anti-TRPA1 antibody in mouse brain slices. Additionally, the increased cytosolic phosphorylated SFKs at Y416 induced by CSD in rat ipsilateral cerebral cortices was attenuated by pretreatment of the anti-TRPA1 antibody perfused into contralateral ventricles. In mouse TG, a SFKs inhibitor, saracatinib, restored the CGRP release and IL-1β mRNA level increased by a TRPA1 activator, umbellulone. Moreover, umbellulone promoted SFKs phosphorylation, which was reduced by a PKA inhibitor, PKI (14-22) Amide. These data reveal a novel mechanism of migraine pathogenesis by which TRPA1 transmits signaling to SFKs via PKA facilitating CSD susceptibility and trigeminovascular system sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Nie
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Blair D. Grubb
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Minyan Wang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
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12
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Ruiz-Saenz A, Zahedi F, Peterson E, Yoo A, Dreyer CA, Spassov DS, Oses-Prieto J, Burlingame A, Moasser MM. Proteomic Analysis of Src Family Kinase Phosphorylation States in Cancer Cells Suggests Deregulation of the Unique Domain. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:957-967. [PMID: 33727342 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Src family kinases (SFK) are homologs of retroviral oncogenes, earning them the label of proto-oncogenes. Their functions are influenced by positive and negative regulatory tyrosine phosphorylation events and inhibitory and activating intramolecular and extramolecular interactions. This regulation is disrupted in their viral oncogene counterparts. However, in contrast to most other proto-oncogenes, the genetic alteration of these genes does not seem to occur in human tumors and how and whether their functions are altered in human cancers remain to be determined. To look for proteomic-level alterations, we took a more granular look at the activation states of SFKs based on their two known regulatory tyrosine phosphorylations, but found no significant differences in their activity states when comparing immortalized epithelial cells with cancer cells. SFKs are known to have other less well-studied phosphorylations, particularly within their unstructured N-terminal unique domains (UD), although their role in cancers has not been explored. In comparing panels of epithelial cells with cancer cells, we found a decrease in S17 phosphorylation in the UD of Src in cancer cells. Dephosphorylated S17 favors the dimerization of Src that is mediated through the UD and suggests increased Src dimerization in cancers. These data highlight the important role of the UD of Src and suggest that a deeper understanding of proteomic-level alterations of the unstructured UD of SFKs may provide considerable insights into how SFKs are deregulated in cancers. IMPLICATIONS: This work highlights the role of the N-terminal UD of Src kinases in regulating their signaling functions and possibly in their deregulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Saenz
- Departments of Cell Biology & Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Farima Zahedi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elliott Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ashley Yoo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alma Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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13
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Manipulation of Focal Adhesion Signaling by Pathogenic Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031358. [PMID: 33572997 PMCID: PMC7866387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) serve as dynamic signaling hubs within the cell. They connect intracellular actin to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and respond to environmental cues. In doing so, these structures facilitate important processes such as cell-ECM adhesion and migration. Pathogenic microbes often modify the host cell actin cytoskeleton in their pursuit of an ideal replicative niche or during invasion to facilitate uptake. As actin-interfacing structures, FA dynamics are also intimately tied to actin cytoskeletal organization. Indeed, exploitation of FAs is another avenue by which pathogenic microbes ensure their uptake, survival and dissemination. This is often achieved through the secretion of effector proteins which target specific protein components within the FA. Molecular mimicry of the leucine-aspartic acid (LD) motif or vinculin-binding domains (VBDs) commonly found within FA proteins is a common microbial strategy. Other effectors may induce post-translational modifications to FA proteins through the regulation of phosphorylation sites or proteolytic cleavage. In this review, we present an overview of the regulatory mechanisms governing host cell FAs, and provide examples of how pathogenic microbes have evolved to co-opt them to their own advantage. Recent technological advances pose exciting opportunities for delving deeper into the mechanistic details by which pathogenic microbes modify FAs.
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14
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Obara Y, Sato H, Nakayama T, Kato T, Ishii K. Midnolin is a confirmed genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2205-2211. [PMID: 31588691 PMCID: PMC6856597 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Genetic analysis of patients with familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) identified many causative genes. However, the majority of PD cases are sporadic, and the mechanisms of onset still remain unclear. Previously, we found that Midnolin (MIDN) is associated with PD in a Yamagata (Japan) cohort study and that MIDN regulates neurite outgrowth and Parkin expression in neuronal cells. In the present study, we aimed to replicate the genetic association between MIDN and PD in a large British population cohort. Methods In this replication study, we analyzed the copy number variations and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of the MIDN gene in a large British population on a case–control genome‐wide association study dataset including 2,860 controls and 2,168 PD patients. Results There was significant copy number loss in the MIDN gene with an odds ratio of 4.35 (P < 2.2 × 10−16). Furthermore, there were many patients in both the British and Yamagata case groups who have a long spanning deletion. The odds ratio dramatically increased to 22.3 (P = 3.59 × 10−15) when a deletion spanning more than 50,000 bp was defined as the copy number loss. There were no significant differences between the controls and study cases for two relatively frequent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3746106 and rs3746107). Interpretation We showed the strong genetic association of MIDN with PD development in a British population and in a Japanese population, suggesting MIDN is a confirmed and universal genetic risk factor for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Obara
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Genome Informatics Unit, Institution for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakayama
- Research Institute of Bio-system informatics, Tohoku Chemical Co., LTD, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Yamagata City Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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15
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Generation of the configurational ensemble of an intrinsically disordered protein from unbiased molecular dynamics simulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20446-20452. [PMID: 31548393 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907251116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are abundant in eukaryotic proteomes, play a major role in cell signaling, and are associated with human diseases. To understand IDP function it is critical to determine their configurational ensemble, i.e., the collection of 3-dimensional structures they adopt, and this remains an immense challenge in structural biology. Attempts to determine this ensemble computationally have been hitherto hampered by the necessity of reweighting molecular dynamics (MD) results or biasing simulation in order to match ensemble-averaged experimental observables, operations that reduce the precision of the generated model because different structural ensembles may yield the same experimental observable. Here, by employing enhanced sampling MD we reproduce the experimental small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering profiles and the NMR chemical shifts of the disordered N terminal (SH4UD) of c-Src kinase without reweighting or constraining the simulations. The unbiased simulation results reveal a weakly funneled and rugged free energy landscape of SH4UD, which gives rise to a heterogeneous ensemble of structures that cannot be described by simple polymer theory. SH4UD adopts transient helices, which are found away from known phosphorylation sites and could play a key role in the stabilization of structural regions necessary for phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that adequately sampled molecular simulations can be performed to provide accurate physical models of flexible biosystems, thus rationalizing their biological function.
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16
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Cai ML, Wang MY, Zhang CH, Wang JX, Liu H, He HW, Zhao WL, Xia GM, Shao RG. Role of co- and post-translational modifications of SFKs in their kinase activation. J Drug Target 2019; 28:23-32. [PMID: 31094236 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1616297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases and are involved in various cellular functions (proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival and invasion) by regulating downstream pathways. Considerable evidence suggests that co- and post-translational modifications are highly related to the activation of SFKs and their downstream signals. How SFKs are activated and how their subsequent cascades were regulated has been reviewed in previous reports. However, the contribution of co- and post-translational modification to SFKs activation has not been fully elucidated. This review focuses on the effect of these modifications on SFKs activity according to structural and biochemical studies and uncovers the significance of co-and post-translational modifications in the regulation of SFKs activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lian Cai
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Yan Wang
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Hui Zhang
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu-Li Zhao
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Ming Xia
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Guang Shao
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Harris C, Weiss GL, Di S, Tasker JG. Cell signaling dependence of rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100158. [PMID: 31193551 PMCID: PMC6535624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids induce a rapid synthesis of endocannabinoid in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells by activation of a putative membrane receptor. Somato-dendritically released endocannabinoid acts as a retrograde messenger to suppress excitatory synaptic inputs to corticotropin-releasing hormone-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-secreting cells. The non-genomic signaling mechanism responsible for rapid endocannabinoid synthesis by glucocorticoids has yet to be fully characterized. Here we manipulated cell signaling molecules pharmacologically using an intracellular approach to elucidate the signaling pathway activated by the membrane glucocorticoid receptor in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. We found that rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells requires the sequential activation of multiple kinases, phospholipase C, and intracellular calcium mobilization. While there remain gaps in our understanding, our findings reveal many of the critical players in the rapid glucocorticoid signaling that culminates in the retrograde endocannabinoid modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Harris
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Grant L Weiss
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shi Di
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Tasker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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18
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Abstract
The MAPK pathway is a prominent intracellular signaling pathway regulating various intracellular functions. Components of this pathway are mutated in a related collection of congenital syndromes collectively referred to as neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes (NCFC) or Rasopathies. Recently, it has been appreciated that these disorders are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, idiopathic ASD has also implicated the MAPK signaling cascade as a common pathway that is affected by many of the genetic variants that have been found to be linked to ASDs. This chapter describes the components of the MAPK pathway and how it is regulated. Furthermore, this chapter will highlight the various functions of the MAPK pathway during both embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) and its roles in neuronal physiology and ultimately, behavior. Finally, we will summarize the perturbations to MAPK signaling in various models of autism spectrum disorders and Rasopathies to highlight how dysregulation of this pivotal pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of autism.
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19
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Seo S, Mathison A, Grzenda A, Podratz J, Calvo E, Brimijoin S, Windebank A, Iovanna J, Lomberk G, Urrutia R. Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of HP1γ by the NGF-PKA Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15077. [PMID: 30305677 PMCID: PMC6180112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1 γ (HP1γ) is a well-known chromatin protein, which regulates gene silencing during the execution of processes associated with embryogenesis, organ maturation, and cell differentiation. We find that, in vivo, the levels of HP1γ are downregulated during nervous system development. Similar results are recapitulated in vitro during nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neuronal cell differentiation in PC12 cells. Mechanistically, our experiments demonstrate that in differentiating PC12 cells, NGF treatment decreases the association of HP1γ to silent heterochromatin, leads to phosphorylation of this protein at S83 via protein kinase A (PKA), and ultimately results in its degradation. Genome-wide experiments, using gain-of-function (overexpression) and loss-of-function (RNAi) paradigms, demonstrate that changing the level of HP1γ impacts on PC12 differentiation, at least in part, through gene networks involved in this process. Hence, inactivation of HP1γ by different post-translational mechanisms, including reduced heterochromatin association, phosphorylation, and degradation, is necessary for neuronal cell differentiation to occur. Indeed, we show that the increase of HP1γ levels has the reverse effect, namely antagonizing neuronal cell differentiation, supporting that this protein acts as a barrier for this process. Thus, these results describe the regulation and participation of HP1γ in a novel membrane-to-nucleus pathway, through NGF-PKA signaling, which is involved in NGF-induced neuronal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmae Seo
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angela Mathison
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Adrienne Grzenda
- University of California, Los Angeles, Psychiatry Residency Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jewel Podratz
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ezequiel Calvo
- Centre Génomique du Centre de Recherche du CHUL Research Center, Ville de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen Brimijoin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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20
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Forget A, Martignetti L, Puget S, Calzone L, Brabetz S, Picard D, Montagud A, Liva S, Sta A, Dingli F, Arras G, Rivera J, Loew D, Besnard A, Lacombe J, Pagès M, Varlet P, Dufour C, Yu H, Mercier AL, Indersie E, Chivet A, Leboucher S, Sieber L, Beccaria K, Gombert M, Meyer FD, Qin N, Bartl J, Chavez L, Okonechnikov K, Sharma T, Thatikonda V, Bourdeaut F, Pouponnot C, Ramaswamy V, Korshunov A, Borkhardt A, Reifenberger G, Poullet P, Taylor MD, Kool M, Pfister SM, Kawauchi D, Barillot E, Remke M, Ayrault O. Aberrant ERBB4-SRC Signaling as a Hallmark of Group 4 Medulloblastoma Revealed by Integrative Phosphoproteomic Profiling. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:379-395.e7. [PMID: 30205043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current consensus recognizes four main medulloblastoma subgroups (wingless, Sonic hedgehog, group 3 and group 4). While medulloblastoma subgroups have been characterized extensively at the (epi-)genomic and transcriptomic levels, the proteome and phosphoproteome landscape remain to be comprehensively elucidated. Using quantitative (phospho)-proteomics in primary human medulloblastomas, we unravel distinct posttranscriptional regulation leading to highly divergent oncogenic signaling and kinase activity profiles in groups 3 and 4 medulloblastomas. Specifically, proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses identify aberrant ERBB4-SRC signaling in group 4. Hence, enforced expression of an activated SRC combined with p53 inactivation induces murine tumors that resemble group 4 medulloblastoma. Therefore, our integrative proteogenomics approach unveils an oncogenic pathway and potential therapeutic vulnerability in the most common medulloblastoma subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Forget
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France.
| | - Loredana Martignetti
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, U900, 75005 Paris, France; Mines Paris Tech, 77305 cedex Fontainebleau, France
| | - Stéphanie Puget
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker University Hospital, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Calzone
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, U900, 75005 Paris, France; Mines Paris Tech, 77305 cedex Fontainebleau, France
| | - Sebastian Brabetz
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; DKTK, Partner Site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arnau Montagud
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, U900, 75005 Paris, France; Mines Paris Tech, 77305 cedex Fontainebleau, France
| | - Stéphane Liva
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, U900, 75005 Paris, France; Mines Paris Tech, 77305 cedex Fontainebleau, France
| | - Alexandre Sta
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, U900, 75005 Paris, France; Mines Paris Tech, 77305 cedex Fontainebleau, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Arras
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jaime Rivera
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurore Besnard
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Lacombe
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Pagès
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Dufour
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Hua Yu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Audrey L Mercier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Emilie Indersie
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Anaïs Chivet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Leboucher
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France; Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Plateforme d'Histologie, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Laura Sieber
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker University Hospital, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michael Gombert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frauke D Meyer
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; DKTK, Partner Site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nan Qin
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; DKTK, Partner Site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bartl
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; DKTK, Partner Site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanvi Sharma
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Venu Thatikonda
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Paris-Sciences-Lettres Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, SiRIC, Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Paris 75005, France; Paris-Sciences-Lettres Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U830, Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Cancers, Paris 75005, France
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (G380), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Poullet
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, U900, 75005 Paris, France; Mines Paris Tech, 77305 cedex Fontainebleau, France
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, U900, 75005 Paris, France; Mines Paris Tech, 77305 cedex Fontainebleau, France.
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; DKTK, Partner Site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France.
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21
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Kashino Y, Obara Y, Okamoto Y, Saneyoshi T, Hayashi Y, Ishii K. ERK5 Phosphorylates K v4.2 and Inhibits Inactivation of the A-Type Current in PC12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072008. [PMID: 29996472 PMCID: PMC6073465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) regulates diverse physiological responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. Previously, we demonstrated that ERK5 is essential for neurite outgrowth and catecholamine biosynthesis in PC12 cells and sympathetic neurons. However, it remains unclear how ERK5 regulates the activity of ion channels, which are important for membrane excitability. Thus, we examined the effect of ERK5 on the ion channel activity in the PC12 cells that overexpress both ERK5 and the constitutively active MEK5 mutant. The gene and protein expression levels of voltage-dependent Ca2+ and K+ channels were determined by RT-qPCR or Western blotting. The A-type K+ current was recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp method. In these ERK5-activated cells, the gene expression levels of voltage-dependent L- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels did not alter, but the N-type Ca2+ channel was slightly reduced. In contrast, those of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3, which are components of the A-type current, were significantly enhanced. Unexpectedly, the protein levels of Kv4.2 were not elevated by ERK5 activation, but the phosphorylation levels were increased by ERK5 activation. By electrophysiological analysis, the inactivation time constant of the A-type current was prolonged by ERK5 activation, without changes in the peak current. Taken together, ERK5 inhibits an inactivation of the A-type current by phosphorylation of Kv4.2, which may contribute to the neuronal differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurina Kashino
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Obara
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Takeo Saneyoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as regulators of several physiological processes. In this study, we discuss how redox signaling mechanisms operate to control different processes such as neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte differentiation, dendritic growth, and axonal growth. Recent Advances: Redox homeostasis regulates the physiology of neural stem cells (NSCs). Notably, the neuronal differentiation process of NSCs is determined by a change toward oxidative metabolism, increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, increased activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes, decreased levels of Nrf2, and differential regulation of different redoxins. Furthermore, during the neuronal maturation processes, NOX and MICAL produce ROS to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which control the dendritic and axonal growth, as well as the axonal guidance. CRITICAL ISSUES The redox homeostasis changes are, in part, attributed to cell metabolism and compartmentalized production of ROS, which is regulated, sensed, and transduced by different molecules such as thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins, and nucleoredoxin to control different signaling pathways in different subcellular regions. The study of how these elements cooperatively act is essential for the understanding of nervous system development, as well as the application of regenerative therapies that recapitulate these processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The information about these topics in the last two decades leads us to the conclusion that the role of ROS signaling in development of the nervous system is more important than it was previously believed and makes clear the importance of exploring in more detail the mechanisms of redox signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1603-1625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Olguín-Albuerne
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio Morán
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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23
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The Actin-Binding Protein PPP1r18 Regulates Maturation, Actin Organization, and Bone Resorption Activity of Osteoclasts. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00425-17. [PMID: 29158294 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00425-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts resorb bone by attaching on the bone matrix and forming a sealing zone. In Src-deficient mice, osteoclasts cannot form the actin ring, a characteristic actin structure that seals the resorbed area, and resorb hardly any bone as a result. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of Src in the regulation and organization of the actin ring is still unclear. We identified an actin-regulatory protein, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18 (PPP1r18), as an Src-binding protein in an Src-, Yes-, and Fyn-deficient fibroblast (SYF) cell line overexpressing a constitutively active form of Src. PPP1r18 was localized in the nucleus and actin ring. PPP1r18 overexpression in osteoclasts inhibited terminal differentiation, actin ring formation, and bone-resorbing activity. A mutation of the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-binding domain of PPP1r18 rescued these phenotypes. In contrast, PPP1r18 knockdown promoted terminal differentiation and actin ring formation. In summary, we showed that PPP1r18 likely plays a role in podosome organization and bone resorption.
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24
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Shahidullah M, Mandal A, Delamere NA. A Role for Calcium-Activated Adenylate Cyclase and Protein Kinase A in the Lens Src Family Kinase and Na,K-ATPase Response to Hyposmotic Stress. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:4447-4456. [PMID: 28863406 PMCID: PMC6108779 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Na,K-ATPase activity in lens epithelium is subject to control by Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs). Previously we showed hyposmotic solution causes an SFK-dependent increase in Na,K-ATPase activity in the epithelium. Here we explored the role of cAMP in the signaling mechanism responsible for the SFK and Na,K-ATPase response. Methods Intact porcine lenses were exposed to hyposmotic Krebs solution (200 mOsm) then the epithelium was assayed for cAMP, SFK phosphorylation (activation) or Na,K-ATPase activity. Results An increase of cAMP was observed in the epithelium of lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution. In lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution SFK phosphorylation in the epithelium approximately doubled as did Na,K-ATPase activity and both responses were prevented by H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor. The magnitude of the SFK response to hyposmotic solution was reduced by a TRPV4 antagonist HC067047 added to prevent TRPV4-mediated calcium entry, and by a cytoplasmic Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. The Na,K-ATPase activity response in the epithelium of lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution was abolished by BAPTA-AM. As a direct test of cAMP-dependent SFK activation, intact lenses were exposed to 8-pCPT-cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analog. 8-pCPT-cAMP caused robust SFK activation. Using Western blot, two calcium-activated adenylyl cyclases, ADCY3 and ADCY8, were detected in lens epithelium. Conclusions Calcium-activated adenylyl cyclases are expressed in the lens epithelium and SFK activation is linked to a rise of cAMP that occurs upon hyposmotic challenge. The findings point to cAMP as a link between TRPV4 channel-mediated calcium entry, SFK activation, and a subsequent increase of Na,K-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahidullah
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Amritlal Mandal
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Nicholas A Delamere
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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25
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Obara Y, Imai T, Sato H, Takeda Y, Kato T, Ishii K. Midnolin is a novel regulator of parkin expression and is associated with Parkinson's Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5885. [PMID: 28724963 PMCID: PMC5517452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Midnolin (MIDN) was first discovered in embryonic stem cells, but its physiological and pathological roles are, to date, poorly understood. In the present study, we therefore examined the role of MIDN in detail. We found that in PC12 cells, a model of neuronal cells, MIDN localized primarily to the nucleus and intracellular membranes. Nerve growth factor promoted MIDN gene expression, which was attenuated by specific inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and 5. MIDN-deficient PC12 cells created using CRISPR/Cas9 technology displayed significantly impaired neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, a genetic approach revealed that 10.5% of patients with sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD) had a lower MIDN gene copy number whereas no copy number variation was observed in healthy people, suggesting that MIDN is involved in PD pathogenesis. Furthermore, the expression of parkin, a major causative gene in PD, was significantly reduced by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and siRNA knockdown of MIDN. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was also down-regulated, which binds to the cAMP response element (CRE) in the parkin core promoter region. The activity of CRE was reduced following MIDN loss. Overall, our data suggests that MIDN promotes the expression of parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase, and that MIDN loss can trigger PD-related pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Obara
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Toru Imai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Genome Informatics Unit, Institution for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yuji Takeda
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
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26
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Arbesú M, Maffei M, Cordeiro TN, Teixeira JMC, Pérez Y, Bernadó P, Roche S, Pons M. The Unique Domain Forms a Fuzzy Intramolecular Complex in Src Family Kinases. Structure 2017; 25:630-640.e4. [PMID: 28319009 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal regulatory region of c-Src including the SH4, Unique, and SH3 domains adopts a compact, yet highly dynamic, structure that can be described as an intramolecular fuzzy complex. Most of the long-range interactions within the Unique domain are also observed in constructs lacking the structured SH3, indicating a considerable degree of preorganization of the disordered Unique domain. Here we report that members of the Src family of kinases (SFK) share well-conserved sequence features involving aromatic residues in their Unique domains. This observation contrasts with the supposed lack of sequence homology implied by the name of these domains and suggests that the other members of SFK also have a regulatory region involving their Unique domains. We argue that the Unique domain of each SFK is sensitive to specific input signals, encoded by each specific sequence, but the entire family shares a common mechanism for connecting the disordered and structured domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Arbesú
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Maffei
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiago N Cordeiro
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR 5048, Université Montpellier 1 and 2, 34092 Montpellier, France; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB NOVA, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João M C Teixeira
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Bernadó
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR 5048, Université Montpellier 1 and 2, 34092 Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Roche
- CNRS UMR5237, University of Montpellier, CRBM, 1919 route de Mende, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Miquel Pons
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Xing WR, Goodluck H, Zeng C, Mohan S. Role and mechanism of action of leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 in bone. Bone Res 2017; 5:17003. [PMID: 28326224 PMCID: PMC5348726 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) plays a critical role in regulating cytoskeletal organization, osteoclast activity, and bone resorption with little effect on bone formation parameters. Deficiency of Lrrk1 in mice causes a severe osteopetrosis in the metaphysis of the long bones and vertebrae bones, which makes LRRK1 an attractive alternative drug target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other high-turnover bone diseases. This review summarizes recent advances on the functions of the Lrrk1-related family members, Lrrk1 deficiency-induced skeletal phenotypes, LRRK1 structure–function, potential biological substrates and interacting proteins, and the mechanisms of LRRK1 action in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong R Xing
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Helen Goodluck
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center , Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Canjun Zeng
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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28
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Unravelling the Mechanism of TrkA-Induced Cell Death by Macropinocytosis in Medulloblastoma Daoy Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2596-611. [PMID: 27503856 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00255-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a normal cellular process by which cells internalize extracellular fluids and nutrients from their environment and is one strategy that Ras-transformed pancreatic cancer cells use to increase uptake of amino acids to meet the needs of rapid growth. Paradoxically, in non-Ras transformed medulloblastoma brain tumors, we have shown that expression and activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase TrkA overactivates macropinocytosis, resulting in the catastrophic disintegration of the cell membrane and in tumor cell death. The molecular basis of this uncontrolled form of macropinocytosis has not been previously understood. Here, we demonstrate that the overactivation of macropinocytosis is caused by the simultaneous activation of two TrkA-mediated pathways: (i) inhibition of RhoB via phosphorylation at Ser(185) by casein kinase 1, which relieves actin stress fibers, and (ii) FRS2-scaffolded Src and H-Ras activation of RhoA, which stimulate actin reorganization and the formation of lamellipodia. Since catastrophic macropinocytosis results in brain tumor cell death, improved understanding of the mechanisms involved will facilitate future efforts to reprogram tumors, even those resistant to apoptosis, to die.
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29
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Li Y, Dillon TJ, Takahashi M, Earley KT, Stork PJS. Protein Kinase A-independent Ras Protein Activation Cooperates with Rap1 Protein to Mediate Activation of the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases (ERK) by cAMP. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21584-21595. [PMID: 27531745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important mediator of hormonal stimulation of cell growth and differentiation through its activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade. Two small G proteins, Ras and Rap1, have been proposed to mediate this activation, with either Ras or Rap1 acting in distinct cell types. Using Hek293 cells, we show that both Ras and Rap1 are required for cAMP signaling to ERKs. The roles of Ras and Rap1 were distinguished by their mechanism of activation, dependence on the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and the magnitude and kinetics of their effects on ERKs. Ras was required for the early portion of ERK activation by cAMP and was activated independently of PKA. Ras activation required the Ras/Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) PDZ-GEF1. Importantly, this action of PDZ-GEF1 was disrupted by mutation within its putative cyclic nucleotide-binding domain within PDZ-GEF1. Compared with Ras, Rap1 activation of ERKs was of longer duration. Rap1 activation was dependent on PKA and required Src family kinases and the Rap1 exchanger C3G. This is the first report of a mechanism for the cooperative actions of Ras and Rap1 in cAMP activation of ERKs. One physiological role for the sustained activation of ERKs is the transcription and stabilization of a range of transcription factors, including c-FOS. We show that the induction of c-FOS by cAMP required both the early and sustained phases of ERK activation, requiring Ras and Rap1, as well as for each of the Raf isoforms, B-Raf and C-Raf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Tara J Dillon
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Maho Takahashi
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Keith T Earley
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Philip J S Stork
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
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30
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Surface expression of hippocampal NMDA GluN2B receptors regulated by fear conditioning determines its contribution to memory consolidation in adult rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30743. [PMID: 27487820 PMCID: PMC4973269 DOI: 10.1038/srep30743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and subtype composition of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) at synapses determines their functional properties and role in learning and memory. Genetically increased or decreased amount of GluN2B affects hippocampus-dependent memory in the adult brain. But in some experimental conditions (e.g., memory elicited by a single conditioning trial (1 CS-US)), GluN2B is not a necessary factor, which indicates that the precise role of GluN2B in memory formation requires further exploration. Here, we examined the role of GluN2B in the consolidation of fear memory using two training paradigms. We found that GluN2B was only required for the consolidation of memory elicited by five conditioning trials (5 CS-US), not by 1 CS-US. Strikingly, the expression of membrane GluN2B in CA1was training-strength-dependently increased after conditioning, and that the amount of membrane GluN2B determined its involvement in memory consolidation. Additionally, we demonstrated the increases in the activities of cAMP, ERK, and CREB in the CA1 after conditioning, as well as the enhanced intrinsic excitability and synaptic efficacy in CA1 neurons. Up-regulation of membrane GluN2B contributed to these enhancements. These studies uncover a novel mechanism for the involvement of GluN2B in memory consolidation by its accumulation at the cell surface in response to behavioral training.
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31
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Kähne T, Richter S, Kolodziej A, Smalla KH, Pielot R, Engler A, Ohl FW, Dieterich DC, Seidenbecher C, Tischmeyer W, Naumann M, Gundelfinger ED. Proteome rearrangements after auditory learning: high-resolution profiling of synapse-enriched protein fractions from mouse brain. J Neurochem 2016; 138:124-38. [PMID: 27062398 PMCID: PMC5089584 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory processes are accompanied by rearrangements of synaptic protein networks. While various studies have demonstrated the regulation of individual synaptic proteins during these processes, much less is known about the complex regulation of synaptic proteomes. Recently, we reported that auditory discrimination learning in mice is associated with a relative down-regulation of proteins involved in the structural organization of synapses in various brain regions. Aiming at the identification of biological processes and signaling pathways involved in auditory memory formation, here, a label-free quantification approach was utilized to identify regulated synaptic junctional proteins and phosphoproteins in the auditory cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of mice 24 h after the learning experiment. Twenty proteins, including postsynaptic scaffolds, actin-remodeling proteins, and RNA-binding proteins, were regulated in at least three brain regions pointing to common, cross-regional mechanisms. Most of the detected synaptic proteome changes were, however, restricted to individual brain regions. For example, several members of the Septin family of cytoskeletal proteins were up-regulated only in the hippocampus, while Septin-9 was down-regulated in the hippocampus, the frontal cortex, and the striatum. Meta analyses utilizing several databases were employed to identify underlying cellular functions and biological pathways. Data are available via ProteomeExchange with identifier PXD003089. How does the protein composition of synapses change in different brain areas upon auditory learning? We unravel discrete proteome changes in mouse auditory cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum functionally implicated in the learning process. We identify not only common but also area-specific biological pathways and cellular processes modulated 24 h after training, indicating individual contributions of the regions to memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Richter
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angela Kolodziej
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Smalla
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pielot
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank W Ohl
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela C Dieterich
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Seidenbecher
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tischmeyer
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Molecular Neuroscience, Medical School, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
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Ferrari LF, Araldi D, Bogen O, Levine JD. Extracellular matrix hyaluronan signals via its CD44 receptor in the increased responsiveness to mechanical stimulation. Neuroscience 2016; 324:390-8. [PMID: 26996509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose that the extracellular matrix (ECM) signals CD44, a hyaluronan receptor, to increase the responsiveness to mechanical stimulation in the rat hind paw. We report that intradermal injection of hyaluronidase induces mechanical hyperalgesia, that is inhibited by co-administration of a CD44 receptor antagonist, A5G27. The intradermal injection of low (LMWH) but not high (HMWH) molecular weight hyaluronan also induces mechanical hyperalgesia, an effect that was attenuated by pretreatment with HMWH or A5G27. Pretreatment with HMWH also attenuated the hyperalgesia induced by hyaluronidase. Similarly, intradermal injection of A6, a CD44 receptor agonist, produced hyperalgesia that was inhibited by HMWH and A5G27. Inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) and Src, but not protein kinase C (PKC), significantly attenuated the hyperalgesia induced by both A6 and LMWH. Finally, to determine if CD44 receptor signaling is involved in a preclinical model of inflammatory pain, we evaluated the effect of A5G27 and HMWH on the mechanical hyperalgesia associated with the inflammation induced by carrageenan. Both A5G27 and HMWH attenuated carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Thus, while LMWH acts at its cognate receptor, CD44, to induce mechanical hyperalgesia, HMWH acts at the same receptor as an antagonist. That the local administration of HMWH or A5G27 inhibits carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia supports the suggestion that carrageenan produces changes in the ECM that contributes to inflammatory pain. These studies define a clinically relevant role for signaling by the hyaluronan receptor, CD44, in increased responsiveness to mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Ferrari
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - D Araldi
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - O Bogen
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - J D Levine
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Obara Y, Nagasawa R, Nemoto W, Pellegrino MJ, Takahashi M, Habecker BA, Stork PJS, Ichiyanagi O, Ito H, Tomita Y, Ishii K, Nakahata N. ERK5 induces ankrd1 for catecholamine biosynthesis and homeostasis in adrenal medullary cells. Cell Signal 2015; 28:177-189. [PMID: 26739108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) play important roles in proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. In our previous study, we demonstrated that both ERK5 and ERK1/2 were responsible for neurite outgrowth and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) (J Biol Chem 284, 23,564-23,573, 2009). However, the functional differences between ERK5 and ERK1/2 signaling in neural differentiation remain unclear. In the present study, we show that ERK5, but not ERK1/2 regulates TH levels in rat sympathetic neurons. Furthermore, microarray analysis performed in PC12 cells using ERK5 and ERK1/2-specific inhibitors, identified ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ankrd1) as an ERK5-dependent and ERK1/2-independent gene. Here, we report a novel role of the ERK5/ankrd1 signaling in regulating TH levels and catecholamine biosynthesis. Ankrd1 mRNA was induced by nerve growth factor in time- and concentration-dependent manners. TH levels were reduced by ankrd1 knockdown with no changes in the mRNA levels, suggesting that ankrd1 was involved in stabilization of TH protein. Interestingly, ubiquitination of TH was enhanced and catecholamine biosynthesis was reduced by ankrd1 knockdown. Finally, we examined the relationship of ERK5 to TH levels in human adrenal pheochromocytomas. Whereas TH levels were correlated with ERK5 levels in normal adrenal medullas, ERK5 was down-regulated and TH was up-regulated in pheochromocytomas, indicating that TH levels are regulated by alternative mechanisms in tumors. Taken together, ERK5 signaling is required for catecholamine biosynthesis during neural differentiation, in part to induce ankrd1, and to maintain appropriate TH levels. This pathway is disrupted in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Obara
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Nagasawa
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Wataru Nemoto
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Michael J Pellegrino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Maho Takahashi
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Philip J S Stork
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Osamu Ichiyanagi
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ito
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tomita
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Norimichi Nakahata
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Vitali E, Cambiaghi V, Spada A, Tresoldi A, Zerbi A, Peverelli E, Carnaghi C, Mantovani G, Lania AG. cAMP effects in neuroendocrine tumors: The role of Epac and PKA in cell proliferation and adhesion. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:241-51. [PMID: 26589262 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
cAMP effects have been initially attributed to protein kinase A (PKA) activation. Subsequently, two exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac1/2) have been identified as cAMP targets. Aim of this study was to investigate cAMP effects in pancreatic-NET (P-NET) and bronchial carcinoids and in corresponding cell lines (QGP-1 and H727) on cell proliferation and adhesion and to determine PKA and Epac role in mediating these effects. We found that cAMP increased cyclin D1 expression in P-NET and QGP-1 cells, whereas it had opposite effects on bronchial carcinoids and H727 cells and it promoted cell adhesion in QGP-1 and H727 cells. These effects are mimicked by Epac and PKA specific analogs, activating the small GTPase Rap1. In conclusion, we demonstrated that cAMP exerted divergent effects on proliferation and promoted cell adhesion of different neuroendocrine cell types, these effects being mediated by both Epac and PKA and involving the same effector GTPase Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vitali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - V Cambiaghi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A Spada
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Tresoldi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A Zerbi
- Pancreas Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - E Peverelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - C Carnaghi
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G Mantovani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A G Lania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Rozzano, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
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Wang W, Guo C, Zhu P, Lu J, Li W, Liu C, Xie H, Myatt L, Chen ZJ, Sun K. Phosphorylation of STAT3 mediates the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by cortisol in the human amnion at parturition. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra106. [PMID: 26508788 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and subsequent production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by cortisol in the amnion contrast with the effect of cortisol on most other tissues, but this proinflammatory effect of cortisol may be a key event in human parturition (labor). We evaluated the underlying mechanism activated by cortisol in primary human amnion fibroblasts. Exposure of the amnion fibroblasts to cortisol led to the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which induced the phosphorylation of the kinase SRC and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). STAT3 interacted with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the transcription factor CREB-1 (cAMP response element-binding protein 1) at the promoter of the gene encoding COX-2, which promoted the production of the secreted prostaglandin PGE2. PGE2 activates the prostaglandin receptors EP2 and EP4, which stimulate cAMP-PKA signaling. Thus, cortisol reinforced the activation of cAMP-PKA signaling through an SRC-STAT3-COX-2-PGE2-mediated feedback loop. Inhibiting STAT3, SRC, or the cAMP-PKA pathway attenuated the cortisol-stimulated induction of COX-2 and PGE2 production in amnion fibroblasts. In human amnion tissue, the amount of phosphorylated STAT3 correlated positively with that of cortisol, COX-2, and PGE2, and all were more abundant in tissue obtained after active labor than in tissue obtained from cesarean surgeries in the absence of labor. These results indicated that the coordinated recruitment of STAT3, CREB-1, and GR to the promoter of the gene encoding COX-2 contributes to the feed-forward induction of COX-2 activity and prostaglandin synthesis in the amnion during parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, No. 401 Hospital, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Jiangwen Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Huiliang Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China.
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Shi W, Wang F, Gao M, Yang Y, Du Z, Wang C, Yao Y, He K, Chen X, Hao A. ZDHHC17 promotes axon outgrowth by regulating TrkA-tubulin complex formation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:194-202. [PMID: 26232532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct axonal growth during nervous system development is critical for synaptic transduction and nervous system function. Proper axon outgrowth relies on a suitable growing environment and the expression of a series of endogenous neuronal factors. However, the mechanisms of these neuronal proteins involved in neuronal development remain unknown. ZDHHC17 is a member of the DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys)-containing family, a family of highly homologous proteins. Here, we show that loss of function of ZDHHC17 in zebrafish leads to motor dysfunction in 3-day post-fertilization (dpf) larvae. We performed immunolabeling analysis to reveal that mobility dysfunction was due to a significant defect in the axonal outgrowth of spinal motor neurons (SMNs) without affecting neuron generation. In addition, we found a similar phenotype in zdhhc17 siRNA-treated neural stem cells (NSCs) and PC12 cells. Inhibition of zdhhc17 limited neurite outgrowth and branching in both NSCs and PC12. Furthermore, we discovered that the level of phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, a major downstream effector of tyrosine kinase (TrkA), was largely upregulated in ZDHHC17 overexpressing PC12 cells by a mechanism independent on its palmitoyltransferase (PAT) activity. Specifically, ZDHHC17 is necessary for proper TrkA-tubulin module formation in PC12 cells. These results strongly indicate that ZDHHC17 is essential for correct axon outgrowth in vivo and in vitro. Our findings identify ZDHHC17 as an important upstream factor of ERK1/2 to regulate the interaction between TrkA and tubulin during neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Fen Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Ming Gao
- Reproductive Medical Center of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Infertility Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Du
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Kun He
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xueran Chen
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China.
| | - Aijun Hao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Voltage-gated Na+ Channel Activity Increases Colon Cancer Transcriptional Activity and Invasion Via Persistent MAPK Signaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11541. [PMID: 26096612 PMCID: PMC4476109 DOI: 10.1038/srep11541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional expression of voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) has been demonstrated in multiple cancer cell types where channel activity induces invasive activity. The signaling mechanisms by which VGSCs promote oncogenesis remain poorly understood. We explored the signal transduction process critical to VGSC-mediated invasion on the basis of reports linking channel activity to gene expression changes in excitable cells. Coincidentally, many genes transcriptionally regulated by the SCN5A isoform in colon cancer have an over-representation of cis-acting sites for transcription factors phosphorylated by ERK1/2 MAPK. We hypothesized that VGSC activity promotes MAPK activation to induce transcriptional changes in invasion-related genes. Using pharmacological inhibitors/activators and siRNA-mediated gene knockdowns, we correlated channel activity with Rap1-dependent persistent MAPK activation in the SW620 human colon cancer cell line. We further demonstrated that VGSC activity induces downstream changes in invasion-related gene expression via a PKA/ERK/c-JUN/ELK-1/ETS-1 transcriptional pathway. This is the first study illustrating a molecular mechanism linking functional activity of VGSCs to transcriptional activation of invasion-related genes.
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Zhou Y, Wu S, Liang C, Lin Y, Zou Y, Li K, Lu B, Shu M, Huang Y, Zhu W, Kang Z, Xu D, Hu J, Yan G. Transcriptional upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 2 is involved in the protein kinase A-induced decrease in the invasiveness of glioma cells. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1578-88. [PMID: 26014048 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant glioma is the most lethal primary tumor of the central nervous system, with notable cell invasion causing significant recurrence. Suppression of glioma invasion is very important for improving clinical outcomes. Drugs that directly disrupt the cytoskeleton have been developed for this purpose; however, drug resistance and unsatisfactory selectivity have limited their clinical use. Previously, we reported that protein kinase A (PKA, also known as cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase) activation induced the differentiation of glioma cells. METHODS We used several small molecular inhibitors and RNA interference, combined with wound healing assays, Matrigel transwell assay, and microscopic observation, to determine whether activation of the PKA pathway could inhibit the invasion of human glioma cells. RESULTS Activation of PKA decreased the invasion of glioma cells. The mechanism operated via transcriptional upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), which was activated by the PKA pathway and led to ossification of microtubule dynamics via polymerization of tubulin. This resulted in morphological changes and a reduction in glioma cell invasion. Furthermore, chromosome immunoprecipitation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in the transcriptional upregulation of MAP2. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that PKA may represent a potential target for anti-invasion glioma therapy and that the downstream modulators (eg, STAT3/MAP2) partially mediate the effects of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Sihan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Chaofeng Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Bingzheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Minfeng Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Yijun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
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Honda T, Obara Y, Yamauchi A, Couvillon AD, Mason JJ, Ishii K, Nakahata N. Phosphorylation of ERK5 on Thr732 is associated with ERK5 nuclear localization and ERK5-dependent transcription. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117914. [PMID: 25689862 PMCID: PMC4331489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) play critical roles in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation. ERK5 contains a kinase domain at the N-terminal, and the unique extended C-terminal includes multiple autophosphorylation sites that enhance ERK5-dependent transcription. However, the impact of phosphorylation at the various sites remain unclear. In this study, we examined the role of phosphorylation at the ERK5 C-terminal. We found that a constitutively active MEK5 mutant phosphorylated ERK5 at the TEY motif, resulting in the sequential autophosphorylation of multiple C-terminal residues, including Thr732 and Ser769/773/775. However, when ERK1/2 was selectively activated by an oncogenic RAS mutant, ERK5 phosphorylation at Thr732 was induced without affecting the phosphorylation status at TEY or Ser769/773/775. The Thr732 phosphorylation was U0126-sensitive and was observed in a kinase-dead mutant of ERK5 as well, suggesting that ERK1/2 can phosphorylate ERK5 at Thr732. This phosphorylation was also promoted by epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor in HEK293 and PC12 cells, respectively. The ERK5–T732A mutant was localized in the cytosol under basal conditions. In contrast, ERK5 phosphorylated at Thr732 via the RAS-ERK1/2 pathway and ERK5–T732E, which mimics the phosphorylated form, were localized in both the nucleus and cytosol. Finally, ER–32A and U0126 blocked ERK5-dependent MEF2C transcriptional activity. Based on these findings, we propose a novel cross-talk mechanism in which ERK1/2, following activation by growth factor stimulation, phosphorylates ERK5 at Thr732. This phosphorylation event is responsible for ERK5 nuclear localization and ERK5-dependent transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Honda
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6–3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8578, Japan
| | - Yutaro Obara
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6–3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8578, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2–2–2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990–9585, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Arata Yamauchi
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6–3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8578, Japan
| | - Anthony D. Couvillon
- Cell Signaling Technology, 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA 01923, United States of America
| | - Justin J. Mason
- Cell Signaling Technology, 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA 01923, United States of America
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2–2–2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990–9585, Japan
| | - Norimichi Nakahata
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6–3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8578, Japan
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Wu W, Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang H. Dysregulated activation of c-Src in gestational trophoblastic disease contributes to its aggressive progression. Placenta 2014; 35:824-30. [PMID: 25108485 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a heterogeneous group of pregnancy-related disorders. Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common type of GTD, whereas gestational choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src contributes to the transformation to a malignant phenotype in various cancers. However, the role of c-Src in the pathogenesis of GTD remains largely unknown. METHODS The expression level of phosphorylated c-Src was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assay. JAR and JEG-3 cells were treated with hCG, specific c-Src inhibitor saracatinib and PP2, and PKA specific inhibitor, PKI. Cell growth rate and cell migration/invasion ability was determined by cell proliferation and transwell assays respectively. RESULTS c-Src was highly activated in HM tissues and choriocarcinoma cells (JAR and JEG-3). c-Src was activated by hCG in a time and concentration-dependent manner, which was abrogated by specific c-Src and PKA inhibitors. Inhibition of c-Src activity in JAR and JEG-3 cells by saracatinib leaded to a decrease in the rate of cell growth and cell migration/invasion ability. Furthermore, inhibition of c-Src phosphorylation induced cell cycle arrest and reduced expressions of cyclin A2, cyclin B1, cyclin E1, FOXD3 and NANOG. Moreover, inhibition of c-Src activity resulted in decreased p-FAK(Tyr397) phosphorylation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings indicate an important role of c-Src in the pathogenesis of GTD, and we propose that c-Src inhibitors are potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of GTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wu
- Departments of Pathology and Bio-Bank, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Bio-Bank, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y Xu
- Departments of Pathology and Bio-Bank, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y Liu
- Departments of Pathology and Bio-Bank, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - H Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and Bio-Bank, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Talbot JJ, Song X, Wang X, Rinschen MM, Doerr N, LaRiviere WB, Schermer B, Pei YP, Torres VE, Weimbs T. The cleaved cytoplasmic tail of polycystin-1 regulates Src-dependent STAT3 activation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1737-48. [PMID: 24578126 PMCID: PMC4116067 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013091026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystin-1 (PC1) mutations result in proliferative renal cyst growth and progression to renal failure in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) was shown to be activated in cyst-lining cells in ADPKD and PKD mouse models and may drive renal cyst growth, but the mechanisms leading to persistent STAT3 activation are unknown. A proteolytic fragment of PC1 corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail, PC1-p30, is overexpressed in ADPKD. Here, we show that PC1-p30 interacts with the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src, resulting in Src-dependent activation of STAT3 by tyrosine phosphorylation. The PC1-p30-mediated activation of Src/STAT3 was independent of JAK family kinases and insensitive to the STAT3 inhibitor suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. Signaling by the EGF receptor (EGFR) or cAMP amplified the activation of Src/STAT3 by PC1-p30. Expression of PC1-p30 changed the cellular response to cAMP signaling. In the absence of PC1-p30, cAMP dampened EGFR- or IL-6-dependent activation of STAT3; in the presence of PC1-p30, cAMP amplified Src-dependent activation of STAT3. In the polycystic kidney (PCK) rat model, activation of STAT3 in renal cystic cells depended on vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R) signaling, which increased cAMP levels. Genetic inhibition of vasopressin expression or treatment with a pharmacologic V2R inhibitor strongly suppressed STAT3 activation and reduced renal cyst growth. These results suggest that PC1, via its cleaved cytoplasmic tail, integrates signaling inputs from EGFR and cAMP, resulting in Src-dependent activation of STAT3 and a proliferative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Talbot
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Xuewen Song
- Divisions of Nephrology and Genomic Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicholas Doerr
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Wells B LaRiviere
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Systems Biology of Aging Cologne (Sybacol), Cologne, Germany; and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - York P Pei
- Divisions of Nephrology and Genomic Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California;
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Amata I, Maffei M, Pons M. Phosphorylation of unique domains of Src family kinases. Front Genet 2014; 5:181. [PMID: 25071818 PMCID: PMC4075076 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Src family of kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases involved in numerous signal transduction pathways. The catalytic, SH3 and SH2 domains are attached to the membrane-anchoring SH4 domain through the intrinsically disordered "Unique" domains, which exhibit strong sequence divergence among SFK members. In the last decade, structural and biochemical studies have begun to uncover the crucial role of the Unique domain in the regulation of SFK activity. This mini-review discusses what is known about the phosphorylation events taking place on the SFK Unique domains, and their biological relevance. The modulation by phosphorylation of biologically relevant inter- and intra- molecular interactions of Src, as well as the existence of complex phosphorylation/dephosphorylation patterns observed for the Unique domain of Src, reinforces the important functional role of the Unique domain in the regulation mechanisms of the Src kinases and, in a wider context, of intrinsically disordered regions in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Amata
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Maffei
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Pons
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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PKA signaling drives mammary tumorigenesis through Src. Oncogene 2014; 34:1160-73. [PMID: 24662820 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) hyperactivation causes hereditary endocrine neoplasias; however, its role in sporadic epithelial cancers is unknown. Here, we show that heightened PKA activity in the mammary epithelium generates tumors. Mammary-restricted biallelic ablation of Prkar1a, which encodes for the critical type-I PKA regulatory subunit, induced spontaneous breast tumors characterized by enhanced type-II PKA activity. Downstream of this, Src phosphorylation occurs at residues serine-17 and tyrosine-416 and mammary cell transformation is driven through a mechanism involving Src signaling. The phenotypic consequences of these alterations consisted of increased cell proliferation and, accordingly, expansion of both luminal and basal epithelial cell populations. In human breast cancer, low PRKAR1A/high SRC expression defines basal-like and HER2 breast tumors associated with poor clinical outcome. Together, the results of this study define a novel molecular mechanism altered in breast carcinogenesis and highlight the potential strategy of inhibiting SRC signaling in treating this cancer subtype in humans.
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Mukai A, Hashimoto N. Regulation of pre-fusion events: recruitment of M-cadherin to microrafts organized at fusion-competent sites of myogenic cells. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:37. [PMID: 23978243 PMCID: PMC3846853 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research indicates that the membrane ruffles and leading edge of lamellipodia of myogenic cells contain presumptive fusion sites. A micrometer-sized lipid raft (microraft) is organized at the presumptive fusion site of mouse myogenic cells in a cell-contact independent way and serves as a platform tethering adhesion proteins that are relevant to cell fusion. However, the mechanisms underlying recruitment of adhesion proteins to lipid rafts and microraft organization remain unknown. Results Here we show that small G-protein Rac1 was required for microraft organization and subsequent cell fusion. However, Rac1 activity was unnecessary for recruitment of M-cadherin to lipid rafts. We found that p120 catenin (p120) binds to M-cadherin exclusively in lipid rafts of differentiating myogenic cells. The Src kinase inhibitor SU6656 prevented p120 binding to M-cadherin and their recruitment to lipid rafts, then suppressed microraft organization, membrane ruffling, and myogenic cell fusion. Suppression of membrane ruffling in SU6656-treated cells was partially restored by pretreatment with the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate. The present analyses using an antibody to tyrosine phosphorylated p120 suggest that Src family kinases play a role in binding of p120 to M-cadherin and the recruitment of M-cadherin to lipid rafts through phosphorylation of putative substrates other than p120. Conclusions The present study showed that the procedure establishing fusion-competent sites consists of two sequential events: recruitment of adhesion complexes to lipid rafts and organization of microrafts. The recruitment of M-cadherin to lipid rafts depended on interaction with p120 catenin, whereas the organization of microrafts was controlled by a small G protein, Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mukai
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Oobu, Aichi 474-8522, Japan.
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DiNuzzo M, Mangia S, Maraviglia B, Giove F. Regulatory mechanisms for glycogenolysis and K+ uptake in brain astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:458-64. [PMID: 23968961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in brain energy metabolism support the notion that glycogen in astrocytes is necessary for the clearance of neuronally-released K(+) from the extracellular space. However, how the multiple metabolic pathways involved in K(+)-induced increase in glycogen turnover are regulated is only partly understood. Here we summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms that control glycogen metabolism during enhanced K(+) uptake. We also describe the action of the ubiquitous Na(+)/K(+) ATPase for both ion transport and intracellular signaling cascades, and emphasize its importance in understanding the complex relation between glycogenolysis and K(+) uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro DiNuzzo
- MARBILab, Museo storico della fisica e Centro di studi e ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy.
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Src activation by β-adrenoreceptors is a key switch for tumour metastasis. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1403. [PMID: 23360994 PMCID: PMC3561638 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) can modulate multiple cellular functions important for cancer progression; however, how this single extracellular signal regulates such a broad array of cellular processes is unknown. Here, we identify Src as a key regulator of phosphoproteomic signaling networks activated in response to beta-adrenergic signaling in cancer cells. These results also identify a new mechanism of Src phosphorylation that mediates beta-adrenergic/PKA regulation of downstream networks, thereby enhancing tumor cell migration, invasion and growth. In human ovarian cancer samples, high tumoral NE levels were correlated with high pSrcY419 levels. Moreover, among cancer patients, the use of beta blockers was significantly associated with reduced cancer-related mortality. Collectively, these data provide a pivotal molecular target for disrupting neural signaling in the tumor microenvironment.
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Amata I, Maffei M, Igea A, Gay M, Vilaseca M, Nebreda AR, Pons M. Multi-phosphorylation of the intrinsically disordered unique domain of c-Src studied by in-cell and real-time NMR spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1820-7. [PMID: 23744817 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are preferred sites for post-translational modifications essential for regulating protein function. The enhanced local mobility of IDRs facilitates their observation by NMR spectroscopy in vivo. Phosphorylation events can occur at multiple sites and respond dynamically to changes in kinase-phosphatase networks. Here we used real-time NMR spectroscopy to study the effect of kinases and phosphatases present in Xenopus oocytes and egg extracts on the phosphorylation state of the "unique domain" of c-Src. We followed the phosphorylation of S17 in oocytes, and of S17, S69, and S75 in egg extracts by NMR spectroscopy, MS, and western blotting. Addition of specific kinase inhibitors showed that S75 and S69 are phosphorylated by CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) differently from Cdk1. Moreover, although PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) can phosphorylate S17 in vitro, this was not the major S17 kinase in egg extracts. Changes in PKA activity affected the phosphorylation levels of CDK-dependent sites, thus suggesting indirect effects of kinase-phosphatase networks. This study provides a proof-of-concept of the use of real-time in vivo NMR spectroscopy to characterize kinase/phosphatase effects on intrinsically disordered regulatory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Amata
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona (Spain); Signaling and Cell Cycle Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
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Obara Y. [Roles of ERK5 in neuronal cells]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2013; 141:251-5. [PMID: 23665555 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.141.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Qiu S, Chen T, Koga K, Guo YY, Xu H, Song Q, Wang JJ, Descalzi G, Kaang BK, Luo JH, Zhuo M, Zhao MG. An increase in synaptic NMDA receptors in the insular cortex contributes to neuropathic pain. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra34. [PMID: 23674822 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the insular cortex are activated by acute and chronic pain, and inhibition of neuronal activity in the insular cortex has analgesic effects. We found that in a mouse model in which peripheral nerve injury leads to the development of neuropathic pain, the insular cortex showed changes in synaptic plasticity, which were associated with a long-term increase in the amount of synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), but not that of extrasynaptic NMDARs. Activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling enhanced the amount of synaptic NMDARs in acutely isolated insular cortical slices and increased the surface localization of NMDARs in cultured cortical neurons. We found that the increase in the amount of NMDARs required phosphorylation of the NMDAR subunit GluN2B at Tyr(1472) by a pathway involving adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1), protein kinase A (PKA), and Src family kinases. Finally, injecting NMDAR or GluN2B-specific antagonists into the insular cortex reduced behavioral responses to normally nonnoxious stimuli in the mouse model of neuropathic pain. Our results suggest that activity-dependent plasticity takes place in the insular cortex after nerve injury and that inhibiting the increase in NMDAR function may help to prevent or treat neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Life Science and of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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50
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Mischnik M, Boyanova D, Hubertus K, Geiger J, Philippi N, Dittrich M, Wangorsch G, Timmer J, Dandekar T. A Boolean view separates platelet activatory and inhibitory signalling as verified by phosphorylation monitoring including threshold behaviour and integrin modulation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1326-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25597b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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