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Abdullah AR, Gamal El-Din AM, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail Y, El-Husseiny AA. The crucial role of fascin-1 in the pathogenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance of breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155079. [PMID: 38219494 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women to be diagnosed, and it is also the second leading cause of cancer death in women globally. It is the disease that causes the most life years adjusted for disability lost among women, making it a serious worldwide health issue. Understanding and interpreting carcinogenesis and metastatic pathways is critical for curing malignancy. Fascin-1 was recognized as an actin-bundling protein with parallel, rigid bundles as a result of the cross-linking of F-actin microfilaments. Increasing levels of fascin-1 have been associated with bad prognostic profiles, aggressiveness of clinical courses, and poor survival outcomes in a variety of human malignancies. Cancer cells that overexpress fascin-1 have higher capabilities for proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. Fascin-1 is being considered as a potential target for therapy as well as a potential biomarker for diagnostics in a variety of cancer types. This review aims to provide an overview of the FSCN1 gene and its protein structure, elucidate its physiological and pathological roles, and throw light on its involvement in the initiation, development, and chemotherapeutic resistance of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Abdullah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman M Gamal El-Din
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yahia Ismail
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Aquino A, Bianchi N, Terrazzan A, Franzese O. Protein Kinase C at the Crossroad of Mutations, Cancer, Targeted Therapy and Immune Response. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1047. [PMID: 37626933 PMCID: PMC10451643 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The frequent PKC dysregulations observed in many tumors have made these enzymes natural targets for anticancer applications. Nevertheless, this considerable interest in the development of PKC modulators has not led to the expected therapeutic benefits, likely due to the complex biological activities regulated by PKC isoenzymes, often playing ambiguous and protective functions, further driven by the occurrence of mutations. The structure, regulation and functions of PKCs have been extensively covered in other publications. Herein, we focused on PKC alterations mostly associated with complete functional loss. We also addressed the modest yet encouraging results obtained targeting PKC in selected malignancies and the more frequent negative clinical outcomes. The reported observations advocate the need for more selective molecules and a better understanding of the involved pathways. Furthermore, we underlined the most relevant immune mechanisms controlled by PKC isoforms potentially impacting the immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade-mediated immune recovery. We believe that a comprehensive examination of the molecular features of the tumor microenvironment might improve clinical outcomes by tailoring PKC modulation. This approach can be further supported by the identification of potential response biomarkers, which may indicate patients who may benefit from the manipulation of distinctive PKC isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Aquino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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3
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Li Y, Wang D, Ge H, Güngör C, Gong X, Chen Y. Cytoskeletal and Cytoskeleton-Associated Proteins: Key Regulators of Cancer Stem Cell Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1369. [PMID: 36355541 PMCID: PMC9698833 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells possessing stemness characteristics that are closely associated with tumor proliferation, recurrence and resistance to therapy. Recent studies have shown that different cytoskeletal components and remodeling processes have a profound impact on the behavior of CSCs. In this review, we outline the different cytoskeletal components regulating the properties of CSCs and discuss current and ongoing therapeutic strategies targeting the cytoskeleton. Given the many challenges currently faced in targeted cancer therapy, a deeper comprehension of the molecular events involved in the interaction of the cytoskeleton and CSCs will help us identify more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs and ultimately improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heming Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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4
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Lawson CD, Peel S, Jayo A, Corrigan A, Iyer P, Baxter Dalrymple M, Marsh RJ, Cox S, Van Audenhove I, Gettemans J, Parsons M. Nuclear fascin regulates cancer cell survival. eLife 2022; 11:e79283. [PMID: 36039640 PMCID: PMC9427113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin is an important regulator of F-actin bundling leading to enhanced filopodia assembly. Fascin is also overexpressed in most solid tumours where it supports invasion through control of F-actin structures at the periphery and nuclear envelope. Recently, fascin has been identified in the nucleus of a broad range of cell types but the contributions of nuclear fascin to cancer cell behaviour remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that fascin bundles F-actin within the nucleus to support chromatin organisation and efficient DDR. Fascin associates directly with phosphorylated Histone H3 leading to regulated levels of nuclear fascin to support these phenotypes. Forcing nuclear fascin accumulation through the expression of nuclear-targeted fascin-specific nanobodies or inhibition of Histone H3 kinases results in enhanced and sustained nuclear F-actin bundling leading to reduced invasion, viability, and nuclear fascin-specific/driven apoptosis. These findings represent an additional important route through which fascin can support tumourigenesis and provide insight into potential pathways for targeted fascin-dependent cancer cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell D Lawson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Samantha Peel
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)CambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Asier Jayo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam Corrigan
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)CambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Preeti Iyer
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca (Sweden)MölndalSweden
| | - Mabel Baxter Dalrymple
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard J Marsh
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Isabel Van Audenhove
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
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5
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Zhang N, Gao Y, Bian Q, Wang Q, Shi Y, Zhao Z, Yu H. The role of fascin-1 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of respiratory related cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:948110. [PMID: 36033434 PMCID: PMC9404296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.948110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancer statistics report that respiratory related cancers such as lung, laryngeal, oral and nasopharyngeal cancers account for a large proportion of tumors, and tumor metastasis remains the major reason for patient death. The metastasis of tumor cells requires actin cytoskeleton remodeling, in which fascin-1 plays an important role. Fascin-1 can cross-link F-actin microfilaments into bundles and form finger-like cell protrusions. Some studies have shown that fascin-1 is overexpressed in human tumors and is associated with tumor growth, migration and invasion. The role of fascin-1 in respiratory related cancers is not very clear. The main purpose of this study was to provide an updated literature review on the role of fascin-1 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of respiratory related cancers. These studies suggested that fascin-1 can serve as an emerging biomarker and potential therapeutic target, and has attracted widespread attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibin Zhang
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yankun Gao
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qiang Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhankui Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Honglian Yu
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Honglian Yu,
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6
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Pilo CA, Newton AC. Two Sides of the Same Coin: Protein Kinase C γ in Cancer and Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:929510. [PMID: 35800893 PMCID: PMC9253466 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.929510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes transduce myriad signals within the cell in response to the generation of second messengers from membrane phospholipids. The conventional isozyme PKCγ reversibly binds Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, which leads to an open, active conformation. PKCγ expression is typically restricted to neurons, but evidence for its expression in certain cancers has emerged. PKC isozymes have been labeled as oncogenes since the discovery that they bind tumor-promoting phorbol esters, however, studies of cancer-associated PKC mutations and clinical trial data showing that PKC inhibitors have worsened patient survival have reframed PKC as a tumor suppressor. Aberrant expression of PKCγ in certain cancers suggests a role outside the brain, although whether PKCγ also acts as a tumor suppressor remains to be established. On the other hand, PKCγ variants associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Purkinje cell degeneration, enhance basal activity while preventing phorbol ester-mediated degradation. Although the basis for SCA14 Purkinje cell degeneration remains unknown, studies have revealed how altered PKCγ activity rewires cerebellar signaling to drive SCA14. Importantly, enhanced basal activity of SCA14-associated mutants inversely correlates with age of onset, supporting that enhanced PKCγ activity drives SCA14. Thus, PKCγ activity should likely be inhibited in SCA14, whereas restoring PKC activity should be the goal in cancer therapies. This review describes how PKCγ activity can be lost or gained in disease and the overarching need for a PKC structure as a powerful tool to predict the effect of PKCγ mutations in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caila A. Pilo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alexandra C. Newton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Targeted Inhibition of O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Chemosensitivity and Attenuate Aggressive Tumor Traits in Chemoresistant Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051162. [PMID: 35625898 PMCID: PMC9138654 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of acquired chemoresistance during treatment cycles in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is the major cause of death through enhancing the risk of cancer progression and metastasis. Elevated glucose flux through the abnormal upregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) controls key signaling and metabolic pathways regulating diverse cancer cell phenotypes. This study showed that OGT expression levels in two human UCB cell models with acquired resistance to gemcitabine and paclitaxel were significantly upregulated compared with those in parental cells. Reducing hyper-O-GlcNAcylation by OGT knockdown (KD) markedly facilitated chemosensitivity to the corresponding chemotherapeutics in both cells, and combination treatment with OGT-KD showed more severe growth defects in chemoresistant sublines. We subsequently verified the suppressive effects of OGT-KD monotherapy on cell migration/invasion in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo in chemoresistant UCB cells. Transcriptome analysis of these cells revealed 97 upregulated genes, which were enriched in multiple oncogenic pathways. Our final choice of suspected OGT glycosylation substrate was VCAN, S1PR3, PDGFRB, and PRKCG, the knockdown of which induced cell growth defects. These findings demonstrate the vital role of dysregulated OGT activity and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation in modulating treatment failure and tumor aggression in chemoresistant UCB.
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Pu J, Huang Y, Fang Q, Wang J, Li W, Xu Z, Wu X, Lu Y, Wei H. Hypoxia-induced Fascin-1 upregulation is regulated by Akt/Rac1 axis and enhances malignant properties of liver cancer cells via mediating actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and Hippo/YAP activation. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:385. [PMID: 34897283 PMCID: PMC8665929 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors, hypoxia facilitates malignant progression of cancer cells by triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness. Fascin-1, an actin-bundling protein, takes part in the formation of many actin-based cellular structures. In the present study, we explored the potential functions of hypoxia-induced upregulation of Fascin-1 in liver cancer. Transcriptome RNA-sequencing was conducted to identify hypoxia-related genes. The potential functions of Fascin-1 were evaluated by western blot, transwell migration and invasion assays, sphere-formation assay, tumor xenograft growth, gelatin zymography analysis, immunofluorescence, cell viability assay, soft agar assay, and flow cytometry. We found that Fascin-1 was upregulated by hypoxia in liver cancer cell lines, elevated in liver cancer patients and correlated with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and shorter overall survival. Knockdown of Fascin-1 suppressed migration, invasion, EMT, stemness, and tumor xenograft growth of liver cancer cells under both normoxia and hypoxia conditions, while forced Fascin-1 expression showed opposite effects. Moreover, hypoxia-induced upregulation of Fascin-1 was regulated by the Akt/Rac1 signaling, and inhibition of Akt/Rac1 signaling by EHop-016 and MK-2206 restrained migration, invasion, EMT, and stemness of liver cancer cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, Fascin-1 knockdown suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, impaired actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, inactivated Hippo/YAP signaling, and increased Sorafenib sensitivity in liver cancer cells. Our study provided a novel insight of Fascin-1 in regulating migration, invasion, EMT, and stemness of liver cancer cells under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Youguan Huang
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianchu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenchuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zuoming Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Huamei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
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9
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Comprehensive Transcriptome and Pathway Analyses Revealed Central Role for Fascin in Promoting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121228. [PMID: 34959629 PMCID: PMC8708558 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed major progress in development of novel therapeutic agents such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for breast cancer. However, cancer-related death remains high especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due limited therapeutic options. Development of targeted therapies for TNBC requires better understanding of biology and signaling networks that promote disease progression. Fascin, an actin bundling protein, was identified as a key regulator of many signaling pathways that contribute to breast cancer progression. Herein, fascin ShRNA was used to generate stable fascin knockdown (FSCN1KD) in the MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell line and then were subjected to comprehensive mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analysis. We identified 129 upregulated and 114 downregulated mRNA transcripts, while 14 miRNAs were differentially expressed in FSCN1KD. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to predict the impact of differentially expressed transcripts on signaling pathways and functional categories and to construct miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in the context of FSCN1 knockdown. Compared to FSCN1KD, fascin-positive (FSCN1CON) breast cancer cells showed enrichment in genes promoting cellular proliferation, migration, survival, DNA replication and repair. Expression of FSCN1high (identified in BRCA dataset from TCGA) in conjunction with elevated expression of the top 10 upregulated or decreased expression of the top 10 downregulated genes (identified in our FSCN1CON vs. FSCN1KD) correlates with worst survival outcome. Taken together, these data confirmed fascin's role in promoting TNBC progression, and identified a novel opportunity for therapeutic interventions via targeting those FSCN1-related transcripts.
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HDAC6 inhibitors sensitize non-mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer cells to cysteine deprivation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10956. [PMID: 34040090 PMCID: PMC8155140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly malignant type of breast cancer and lacks effective therapy. Targeting cysteine-dependence is an emerging strategy to treat the mesenchymal TNBC. However, many TNBC cells are non-mesenchymal and unresponsive to cysteine deprivation. To overcome such resistance, three selective HDAC6 inhibitors (Tubacin, CAY10603, and Tubastatin A), identified by epigenetic compound library screening, can synergize with cysteine deprivation to induce cell death in the non-mesenchymal TNBC. Despite the efficacy of HDAC6 inhibitor, knockout of HDAC6 did not mimic the synthetic lethality induced by its inhibitors, indicating that HDAC6 is not the actual target of HDAC6 inhibitor in this context. Instead, transcriptomic profiling showed that tubacin triggers an extensive gene transcriptional program in combination with erastin, a cysteine transport blocker. Notably, the zinc-related gene response along with an increase of labile zinc was induced in cells by the combination treatment. The disturbance of zinc homeostasis was driven by PKCγ activation, which revealed that the PKCγ signaling pathway is required for HDAC6 inhibitor-mediated synthetic lethality. Overall, our study identifies a novel function of HDAC6 inhibitors that function as potent sensitizers of cysteine deprivation and are capable of abolishing cysteine-independence in non-mesenchymal TNBC.
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Ristic B, Kopel J, Sherazi SAA, Gupta S, Sachdeva S, Bansal P, Ali A, Perisetti A, Goyal H. Emerging Role of Fascin-1 in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112536. [PMID: 34064154 PMCID: PMC8196771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, remain as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a large proportion accounting for fatalities related to metastatic disease. The active involvement of fascin-1 in forming membrane protrusions crucial for cellular movement has been identified as an important molecular mechanism behind the phenotypic switch from the localized to the metastatic tumor. Thus, fascin-1 expression status in the malignant tissue has been utilized as an important component in determining the patient’s clinicopathological outcomes. In this review, we provide an up-to-date literature review of the role of fascin-1 in the initiation and metastatic progression of GI tract cancers, its involvement in patients’ clinical outcomes, and its potential as a therapeutic target. Abstract Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, remain as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a large proportion accounting for fatalities related to metastatic disease. Invasion of primary cancer occurs by the actin cytoskeleton remodeling, including the formation of the filopodia, stereocilia, and other finger-like membrane protrusions. The crucial step of actin remodeling in the malignant cells is mediated by the fascin protein family, with fascin-1 being the most active. Fascin-1 is an actin-binding protein that cross-links filamentous actin into tightly packed parallel bundles, giving rise to finger-like cell protrusions, thus equipping the cell with the machinery necessary for adhesion, motility, and invasion. Thus, fascin-1 has been noted to be a key component for determining patient diagnosis and treatment plan. Indeed, the overexpression of fascin-1 in GI tract cancers has been associated with a poor clinical prognosis and metastatic progression. Moreover, fascin-1 has received attention as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic GI tract cancers. In this review, we provide an up-to-date literature review of the role of fascin-1 in the initiation of GI tract cancers, metastatic progression, and patients’ clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Ristic
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Department of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Syed A. A. Sherazi
- Department of Medicine, John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Sonali Sachdeva
- Department of Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Pardeep Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mercy Health-St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43608, USA;
| | - Aman Ali
- Department of Medicine, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA 18510, USA;
| | - Abhilash Perisetti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Hemant Goyal
- The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
- Correspondence:
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Li L, Cao J, Guo Y, Wu Y, Gao W. Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 in human cancer: promising biomarker or therapeutic target? Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:240-264. [PMID: 33614909 PMCID: PMC7873579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) is a highly conserved actin-bundling protein that cross links F-actin microfilaments into tight, parallel bundles. Elevated FSCN1 levels have been reported in many types of human cancers and have been correlated with aggressive clinical progression, poor prognosis, and survival outcomes. The overexpression of FSCN1 in cancer cells has been associated with tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Currently, FSCN1 is recognized as a candidate biomarker for multiple cancer types and as a potential therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of the FSCN1 gene and protein structure and elucidate on its actin-bundling activity and physiological functions. The main focus was on the role of FSCN1 and its upregulatory mechanisms and significance in cancer cells. Up-to-date studies on FSCN1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers are reviewed. It is shown that FSCN1 is an unusual biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
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13
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Lamb MC, Tootle TL. Fascin in Cell Migration: More Than an Actin Bundling Protein. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110403. [PMID: 33212856 PMCID: PMC7698196 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell migration is an essential biological process that regulates both development and diseases, such as cancer metastasis. Therefore, understanding the factors that promote cell migration is crucial. One of the factors known to regulate cell migration is the actin-binding protein, Fascin. Fascin is typically thought to promote cell migration through bundling actin to form migratory structures such as filopodia and invadapodia. However, Fascin has many other functions in the cell that may contribute to cell migration. How these novel functions promote cell migration and are regulated is still not well understood. Here, we review the structure of Fascin, the many functions of Fascin and how they may promote cell migration, how Fascin is regulated, and Fascin’s role in diseases such as cancer metastasis. Abstract Fascin, an actin-binding protein, regulates many developmental migrations and contributes to cancer metastasis. Specifically, Fascin promotes cell motility, invasion, and adhesion by forming filopodia and invadopodia through its canonical actin bundling function. In addition to bundling actin, Fascin has non-canonical roles in the cell that are thought to promote cell migration. These non-canonical functions include regulating the activity of other actin-binding proteins, binding to and regulating microtubules, mediating mechanotransduction to the nucleus via interaction with the Linker of the Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) Complex, and localizing to the nucleus to regulate nuclear actin, the nucleolus, and chromatin modifications. The many functions of Fascin must be coordinately regulated to control cell migration. While much remains to be learned about such mechanisms, Fascin is regulated by post-translational modifications, prostaglandin signaling, protein–protein interactions, and transcriptional means. Here, we review the structure of Fascin, the various functions of Fascin and how they contribute to cell migration, the mechanisms regulating Fascin, and how Fascin contributes to diseases, specifically cancer metastasis.
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The Actin Bundling Protein Fascin-1 as an ACE2-Accessory Protein. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:255-263. [PMID: 32865675 PMCID: PMC7456754 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme counterbalancing the deleterious effects of angiotensin type 1 receptor activation by production of vasodilatory peptides Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7), is internalized and degraded in lysosomes following chronic Ang-II treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect remain unknown. In an attempt to identify the accessory proteins involved in this effect, we conducted a proteomic analysis in ACE2-transfected HEK293T cells. A single protein, fascin-1, was found to differentially interact with ACE2 after Ang-II treatment for 4 h. The interactions between fascin-1 and ACE2 were confirmed by confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of fascin-1 attenuates the effects of Ang-II on ACE2 activity. In contrast, downregulation of fascin-1 severely decreased ACE2 enzymatic activity. Interestingly, in brain homogenates from hypertensive mice, we observed a significant reduction of fascin-1, suggesting that the levels of this protein may change in cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, we identified fascin-1 as an ACE2-accessory protein, interacting with the enzyme in an Ang-II dependent manner and contributing to the regulation of enzyme activity.
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15
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Lin S, Taylor MD, Singh PK, Yang S. How does fascin promote cancer metastasis? FEBS J 2020; 288:1434-1446. [PMID: 32657526 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fascin is an F-actin-bundling protein that cross-links individual actin filaments into straight and stiff bundles. Fascin overexpression in cancer is strongly associated with poor prognosis and metastatic progression across different cancer types. It is well established that fascin plays a causative role in promoting metastatic progression. We will review the recent progress in our understanding of mechanisms underlying fascin-mediated cancer metastasis. This review will cover the biochemical basis for fascin-bundling activity, the mechanisms by which cancer cells upregulate fascin expression and the mechanism underlying fascin-mediated cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastatic colonization. We propose that fascin has broad roles in both metastatic dissemination and metastatic colonization. Understanding these mechanisms will be crucial to the development of anti-metastasis therapeutics targeting fascin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Lin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Department of Surgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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16
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Borges GA, Elias ST, Amorim B, de Lima CL, Coletta RD, Castilho RM, Squarize CH, Guerra ENS. Curcumin downregulates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and inhibits growth and progression in head and neck cancer cells. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3311-3324. [PMID: 32628350 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been studied because of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin on head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines and how it modulates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Dose-response curves for curcumin were established for hypopharynx carcinoma (FaDu), tongue carcinoma (SCC-9), and keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell lines and IC50 values were calculated. Cell cycle and cell death were investigated through flow cytometry. Cytoskeleton organization was assessed through phalloidin+FITC staining. qPCR array and western blot were performed to analyze gene and protein expression. Curcumin reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent and selective manner, induced cell death on SCC-9 cells (necrosis/late apoptosis: 44% curcumin vs. 16.4% vehicle), and arrested cell cycle at phase G2 /M on SCC-9 and FaDu (G2 : SCC-9-19.1% curcumin vs. 13.4% vehicle; FaDu-37.8% curcumin vs. 12.9% vehicle). Disorganized cytoskeleton and altered cell morphology were observed. Furthermore, curcumin downregulated the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by modifying the expression of key genes and proteins. These findings highlight the promising therapeutic potential of curcumin to inhibit HNC growth and progression and to modulate the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alvares Borges
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Silvia Taveira Elias
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Amorim
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brazil
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17
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ILK silencing inhibits migration and invasion of more invasive glioblastoma cells by downregulating ROCK1 and Fascin-1. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 471:143-153. [PMID: 32506247 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor and it is associated with poor survival. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a serine/threonine protein pseudo-kinase that binds to the cytoplasmic domains of β1 and β3 integrins and has been previously shown to promote invasion and metastasis in many cancer types, including GBM. However, little is known regarding the exact molecular mechanism implicating ILK in GBM aggressiveness. In this study, we used two brain cell lines, the non-invasive neuroglioma H4 cells, and the highly invasive glioblastoma A172 cells, which express ILK in much higher levels than H4. We studied the effect of ILK silencing on the metastatic behavior of glioblastoma cells in vitro and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. We showed that siRNA-mediated silencing of ILK inhibits cell migration and invasion of the highly invasive A172 cells while it does not affect the migratory and invasive capacity of H4 cells. These data were also supported by respective changes in the expression of Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1), fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1), and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), which are known to regulate cell migration and invasion. Our findings were further corroborated by analyzing the Cancer Genome Atlas Glioblastoma Multiforme (TCGA-GBM) dataset. We conclude that ILK promotes glioblastoma cell invasion through activation of ROCK1 and FSCN1 in vitro, providing a more exact molecular mechanism for its action.
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18
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Kotelevets L, Chastre E. Rac1 Signaling: From Intestinal Homeostasis to Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030665. [PMID: 32178475 PMCID: PMC7140047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 has been implicated in a variety of dynamic cell biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, cell-cell contacts, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell motility, and invasiveness. These processes are orchestrated through the fine tuning of Rac1 activity by upstream cell surface receptors and effectors that regulate the cycling Rac1-GDP (off state)/Rac1-GTP (on state), but also through the tuning of Rac1 accumulation, activity, and subcellular localization by post translational modifications or recruitment into molecular scaffolds. Another level of regulation involves Rac1 transcripts stability and splicing. Downstream, Rac1 initiates a series of signaling networks, including regulatory complex of actin cytoskeleton remodeling, activation of protein kinases (PAKs, MAPKs) and transcription factors (NFkB, Wnt/β-catenin/TCF, STAT3, Snail), production of reactive oxygen species (NADPH oxidase holoenzymes, mitochondrial ROS). Thus, this GTPase, its regulators, and effector systems might be involved at different steps of the neoplastic progression from dysplasia to the metastatic cascade. After briefly placing Rac1 and its effector systems in the more general context of intestinal homeostasis and in wound healing after intestinal injury, the present review mainly focuses on the several levels of Rac1 signaling pathway dysregulation in colorectal carcinogenesis, their biological significance, and their clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kotelevets
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Site Bâtiment Kourilsky, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Eric Chastre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Site Bâtiment Kourilsky, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.C.)
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Zhang Y, Rong H, Zhang FX, Wu K, Mu L, Meng J, Xiao B, Zamponi GW, Shi Y. A Membrane Potential- and Calpain-Dependent Reversal of Caspase-1 Inhibition Regulates Canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2356-2369.e5. [PMID: 30157429 PMCID: PMC6201321 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome senses a range of cellular disturbances, although no consensus exists regarding a common mechanism. Canonical NLRP3 activation is blocked by high extracellular K+, regardless of the activating signal. We report here that canonical NLRP3 activation leads to Ca2+ flux and increased calpain activity. Activated calpain releases a pool of Caspase-1 sequestered by the cytoskeleton to regulate NLRP3 activation. Using electrophysiological recording, we found that resting-state eukaryotic membrane potential (MP) is required for this calpain activity, and depolarization by high extracellular K+ or artificial hyperpolarization results in the inhibition of calpain. Therefore, the MP/Ca2+/calpain/ Caspase-1 axis acts as an independent regulatory mechanism for NLRP3 activity. This finding provides mechanistic insight into high K+-mediated inhibition of NLRP3 activation, and it offers an alternative model of NLRP3 inflammasome activation that does not involve K+ efflux. Zhang et al. find that, in canonical NLRP inflammasome activation, calpain activity is essential for releasing caspase-1 from flightless-1 and the cytoskeleton. Membrane depolarization, such as under high extracellular K+ or hyperpolarization, impairs this activity. This work provides insight into extracellular K+ -mediated inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua Rong
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fang-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Libing Mu
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junchen Meng
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bailong Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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20
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Zhang G, Wang H, Zhu K, Yang Y, Li J, Jiang H, Liu Z. Investigation of candidate molecular biomarkers for expression profile analysis of the Gene expression omnibus (GEO) in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109530. [PMID: 31606621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). However, for adult ALL, there is still a lack of an effective treatment. In the present study, we first used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ALL cell lines and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin cell lines. Then, the GEO database was also used to detect the DEGs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Reh) cells transfected with a normal control or a constitutively active variant of the IkB kinase β. Finally, we found that three key DEGs (CCL5, FSCN1, and HS3ST1) are involved in proliferation and apoptosis according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Finally, we determined that all three target genes that participate in proliferation and apoptosis are regulated via the NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huinan Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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21
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Aljagthmi AA, Hill NT, Cooke M, Kazanietz MG, Abba MC, Long W, Kadakia MP. ΔNp63α suppresses cells invasion by downregulating PKCγ/Rac1 signaling through miR-320a. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:680. [PMID: 31515469 PMCID: PMC6742631 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ΔNp63α, a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, is overexpressed in a number of cancers and plays a role in proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion. ΔNp63α has been shown to regulate several microRNAs that are involved in development and cancer. We identified miRNA miR-320a as a positively regulated target of ΔNp63α. Previous studies have shown that miR-320a is downregulated in colorectal cancer and targets the small GTPase Rac1, leading to a reduction in noncanonical WNT signaling and EMT, thereby inhibiting tumor metastasis and invasion. We showed that miR-320a is a direct target of ΔNp63α. Knockdown of ΔNp63α in HaCaT and A431 cells downregulates miR-320a levels and leads to a corresponding elevation in PKCγ transcript and protein levels. Rac1 phosphorylation at Ser71 was increased in the absence of ΔNp63α, whereas overexpression of ΔNp63α reversed S71 phosphorylation of Rac1. Moreover, increased PKCγ levels, Rac1 phosphorylation and cell invasion observed upon knockdown of ΔNp63α was reversed by either overexpressing miR-320a mimic or Rac1 silencing. Finally, silencing PKCγ or treatment with the PKC inhibitor Gö6976 reversed increased Rac1 phosphorylation and cell invasion observed upon silencing ΔNp63α. Taken together, our data suggest that ΔNp63α positively regulates miR-320a, thereby inhibiting PKCγ expression, Rac1 phosphorylation, and cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Aljagthmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Natasha T Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martín C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CP1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Weiwen Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Madhavi P Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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22
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Liu H, Cui J, Zhang Y, Niu M, Xue X, Yin H, Tang Y, Dai L, Dai F, Guo Y, Wu Y, Gao W. Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis of FSCN1‐interacting proteins in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1771-1784. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Hongyu Yin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Yemei Tang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Li Dai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Fengsheng Dai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
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23
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Chen B, Zhang C, Wang Z, Chen Y, Xie H, Li S, Liu X, Liu Z, Chen P. Mechanistic insights into Nav1.7-dependent regulation of rat prostate cancer cell invasiveness revealed by toxin probes and proteomic analysis. FEBS J 2019; 286:2549-2561. [PMID: 30927332 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are involved in tumor metastasis, as potentiating or attenuating their activities affects the migration and invasion process of tumor cells. In the present study, we tested the effect of two peptide toxins, JZTX-I and HNTX-III which function as Nav1.7 activator and inhibitor, respectively, on the migration and invasion ability of prostate cancer (PCa) cell line Mat-LyLu. These two peptides showed opposite effects, and subsequently a comparative proteomic analysis characterized 64 differentially expressed membrane proteins from the JZTX-I- and HNTX-III-treated groups. Among these, 15 proteins were down-regulated and 49 proteins were up-regulated in the HNTX-III group. Bioinformatic analysis showed eight proteins are cytoskeleton proteins or related regulators, which might play important roles in the metastasis of Mat-LyLu cells. The altered expressions of four of these proteins, fascin, muskelin, annexin A2, and cofilin-1, were validated by western blot analysis. Further function network analysis of these proteins revealed that the Rho family GTPases RhoA and Rac1 might be of particular importance for the rat PCa cell invasion. Pharmacological data revealed that JZTX-I and HNTX-III could modulate the Rho signaling pathway in a Nav1.7-dependent manner. In summary, this study suggests that the Nav1.7-dependent regulation of Rho GTPase activity plays a vital role in Mat-LyLu cell migration and invasion and provides new insights into the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changxin Zhang
- The Key laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- The Key laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huali Xie
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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24
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Tang Y, He Y, Zhang P, Wang J, Fan C, Yang L, Xiong F, Zhang S, Gong Z, Nie S, Liao Q, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Guo C. LncRNAs regulate the cytoskeleton and related Rho/ROCK signaling in cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:77. [PMID: 29618386 PMCID: PMC5885413 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the key steps in cancer metastasis are the migration and invasion of tumor cells; these processes require rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments involved in the formation of cytoskeletal structures, such as stress fibers and pseudopodia, promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanisms underlying cytoskeletal regulation. The ras homolog family (Rho) and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton. Moreover, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have essential roles in tumor migration and guide gene regulation during cancer progression. LncRNAs can regulate the cytoskeleton directly or may influence the cytoskeleton via Rho/ROCK signaling during tumor migration. In this review, we focus on the regulatory association between lncRNAs and the cytoskeleton and discuss the pathways and mechanisms involved in the regulation of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liting Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaolin Nie
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Can Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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25
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Cardama GA, Gonzalez N, Maggio J, Menna PL, Gomez DE. Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1025-1034. [PMID: 28848995 PMCID: PMC5592879 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are key molecular switches controlling the transduction of external signals to cytoplasmic and nuclear effectors. In the last few years, the development of genetic and pharmacological tools has allowed a more precise definition of the specific roles of Rho GTPases in cancer. The aim of the present review is to describe the cellular functions regulated by these proteins with focus in deregulated signals present in malignant tumors. Finally, we describe the state of the art in search of different experimental therapeutic strategies with Rho GTPases as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cardama
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Maggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Lorenzano Menna
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D E Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Dowling CM, Hayes SL, Phelan JJ, Cathcart MC, Finn SP, Mehigan B, McCormick P, Coffey JC, O'sullivan J, Kiely PA. Expression of protein kinase C gamma promotes cell migration in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72096-72107. [PMID: 29069771 PMCID: PMC5641114 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, Protein Kinase Cs (PKCs) have proven to be an intractable target in cancer therapies. Traditionally it was accepted that PKCs act as tumour promoters, however new research suggests that PKCs may play an important role in the suppression of cancer. A challenge in targeting PKCs is the limited data available in patient samples. One of the PKC isozymes, PKC gamma, is thought to be present only in the brain and has been largely neglected in the context of cancer. Analysis of gene expression levels of PKC gamma in patient matched normal and colon cancer tissue samples revealed an up-regulation of the gene in the cancer tissue of 54% of the patients examined. Mechanistically we demonstrate that a reduction in the levels of PKC gamma in the colon cancer cells inhibits cell migration and foci formation. Further to this, we observe an increase in cell adhesion and proliferation following the reduction of PKC gamma levels in the cell. Thus, PKC gamma plays a key role in colon cancer; making it an important isozyme that needs to be reconsidered in the context of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catríona M Dowling
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sheri L Hayes
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - James J Phelan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Clare Cathcart
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - John C Coffey
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'sullivan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick A Kiely
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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27
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Abstract
Cell types are the basic building blocks of multicellular organisms and are extensively diversified in animals. Despite recent advances in characterizing cell types, classification schemes remain ambiguous. We propose an evolutionary definition of a cell type that allows cell types to be delineated and compared within and between species. Key to cell type identity are evolutionary changes in the 'core regulatory complex' (CoRC) of transcription factors, that make emergent sister cell types distinct, enable their independent evolution and regulate cell type-specific traits termed apomeres. We discuss the distinction between developmental and evolutionary lineages, and present a roadmap for future research.
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28
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Ma Y, Machesky LM. Fascin1 in carcinomas: Its regulation and prognostic value. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2534-44. [PMID: 25302416 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous cell biological studies demonstrate that the actin bundling protein fascin1 regulates cell motility, migration and invasion. Human studies demonstrate that fascin1 is upregulated in many epithelial cancers. This review gives a brief overview of the role of fascin1 in cell migration and invasion, but focuses mainly on the regulation and clinical relevance of fascin1 in epithelial cancers. Here, we propose fascin1 as a potent prognostic biomarker for breast, colorectal, esophageal cancers and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Fascin1 may also be an attractive drug target against these carcinomas in the future, but more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Ma
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW2170, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura M Machesky
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, United Kingdom
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29
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Woodford MR, Dunn D, Miller JB, Jamal S, Neckers L, Mollapour M. Impact of Posttranslational Modifications on the Anticancer Activity of Hsp90 Inhibitors. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 129:31-50. [PMID: 26916000 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are essential for guarding proteins that are indispensable for normal cellular functions. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a vital molecular chaperone in eukaryotes that participates in stabilizing and activating approximately 200 target proteins, called "clients," many of which are involved in signal transduction pathways. Cancer cells however utilize Hsp90 to chaperone an array of mutated and overexpressed oncoproteins to protect them from misfolding and degradation. Therefore, Hsp90 is an attractive target in cancer therapy. Hsp90 chaperone function relies on ATP binding and hydrolysis, which in turn guides its carefully orchestrated conformational changes. This chaperone cycle is fine-tuned by another group of proteins called co-chaperones. They are able to accelerate or decelerate the cycle, allowing Hsp90 to chaperone different clients. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) can also regulate the chaperone cycle at an epigenetic level thereby tailoring Hsp90 function to suit a specific cell type or environmental condition. Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of the enzymes that catalyze the PTM of Hsp90 can act synergistically with Hsp90 inhibitors, providing a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of Hsp90 inhibitors in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Diana Dunn
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jonelle B Miller
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sami Jamal
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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30
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Lu H, Zhu L, Lian L, Chen M, Shi D, Wang K. Genetic variations in the PRKCG gene and osteosarcoma risk in a Chinese population: a case-control study. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5241-7. [PMID: 25663494 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common malignant tumor, which exists widely in the bone of children and adolescents. Protein kinase C gamma (PRKCG) gene, which encodes γPKC, plays important roles in tumor promotion, cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PRKCG polymorphisms and the risk of osteosarcoma. Five tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRKCG were retrieved from the HapMap database and genotyped by the method of SNapShot in a hospital-based study containing 388 patients and 388 healthy individuals. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association SPSS 20.0 statistical software package was used to analyze statistical data. Our results suggested that the T/C variant of rs454006 located in the intron 3 region of PRKCG gene was significantly associated with an increased risk of osteosarcoma (CC vs. TT, OR = 1.91; 95 % CI 1.29-2.85; P = 0.001; CC vs. TT+TC, OR = 2.14, 95 % CI = 1.48-3.09, P = 0.001; C vs. T, OR = 1.32, 95 % CI = 1.08-1.62, P = 0.008). Similarly, the rs3745406 T/C variant can also elevate the risk of osteosarcoma in the dominant model (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI = 1.08-1.96, P = 0.014), homozygous model (OR = 1.68, 95 % CI = 1.10-2.59, P = 0.002), and allelic model (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI = 1.07-1.61, P = 0.009). However, there were no significant differences in genotypes and allele frequencies of rs2547362 (T>C), rs8103851 (C>G), and rs2242245 (T>C) SNPs between osteosarcoma patients and healthy controls. The results showed that carrier of rs454006*C allele and rs3745406*C might elevate the risk of osteosarcoma. Further studies are needed to validate the coalition between PRKCG gene polymorphisms and risk of osteosarcoma relying on a larger population that included the participants in different ethnicity and hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huading Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China,
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31
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Adams JC. Fascin-1 as a biomarker and prospective therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 15:41-8. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.976557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Zhang Y, Hu X, Wang HK, Shen WW, Liao TQ, Chen P, Chu TW. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the PRKCG gene and osteosarcoma susceptibility. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12671-7. [PMID: 25252845 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the protein kinase C gamma (PRKCG) gene and osteosarcoma susceptibility in Chinese Han population. A total of 610 cases of osteosarcoma patients and 610 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. TaqMan method was used to compare genotypes and the allelic distribution frequency of three SNPs (rs454006, rs2242245, and rs8103851) in the PRKGG gene between osteosarcoma patients and healthy individuals. Osteosarcoma patients were grouped according to different clinical parameters (age, gender, pathological types, tumor location, Enneking staging, tumor metastasis and treatment) to compare genotype and allele frequency among different groups as well as to explore the relationship between gene polymorphisms and different clinical parameters. The rs454006 polymorphisms of the PRKCG gene include the CC, CT, and TT genotypes. The differences in genotype frequency and allele frequency between osteosarcoma patients and healthy individuals were significant (both P < 0.001). There was no significant different between osteosarcoma patients and healthy individuals in rs8103851 and rs2242245 polymorphisms of the PRKCG gene (both P > 0.05). The differences of the rs8103851 genotype frequency and allele frequency in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma and patients without metastasis were significant (both P < 0.001). The distribution frequencies of the CG and GG genotypes as well as the G allele in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma were higher than in patients without metastasis. The genotype frequency and allele frequency of rs454006 and rs2242245 did not correlate with clinical parameters. The rs454006 polymorphism of the PRKCG gene correlated to osteosarcoma susceptibility and might increase the risk of osteosarcoma. The rs8103851 correlated to metastatic osteosarcoma and could be risk factors for metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, No. 183, Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China,
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33
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Yang J, Song X, Chen Y, Lu XA, Fu Y, Luo Y. PLCγ1-PKCγ signaling-mediated Hsp90α plasma membrane translocation facilitates tumor metastasis. Traffic 2014; 15:861-78. [PMID: 24899266 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90α) has been identified on the surface of cancer cells, and is implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis, suggesting that it is a potentially important target for tumor therapy. However, the regulatory mechanism of Hsp90α plasma membrane translocation during tumor invasion remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Hsp90α plasma membrane expression is selectively upregulated upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, which is a process independent of the extracellular matrix. Abrogation of EGF-mediated activation of phospholipase (PLCγ1) by its siRNA or inhibitor prevents the accumulation of Hsp90α at cell protrusions. Inhibition of the downstream effectors of PLCγ1, including Ca(2+) and protein kinase C (PKCγ), also blocks the membrane translocation of Hsp90α, while activation of PKCγ leads to increased levels of cell-surface Hsp90α. Moreover, overexpression of PKCγ increases extracellular vesicle release, on which Hsp90α is present. Furthermore, activation or overexpression of PKCγ promotes tumor cell motility in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo, whereas a specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody against Hsp90α inhibits such effects, demonstrating that PKCγ-induced Hsp90α translocation is required for tumor metastasis. Taken together, our study provides a mechanistic basis for the role for the PLCγ1-PKCγ pathway in regulating Hsp90α plasma membrane translocation, which facilitates tumor cell motility and promotes tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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34
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The regulatory mechanism of a client kinase controlling its own release from Hsp90 chaperone machinery through phosphorylation. Biochem J 2014; 457:171-83. [PMID: 24117238 PMCID: PMC3927929 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that the stability and activity of client proteins are passively regulated by the Hsp90 (heat-shock protein 90) chaperone machinery, which is known to be modulated by its intrinsic ATPase activity, co-chaperones and post-translational modifications. However, it is unclear whether client proteins themselves participate in regulation of the chaperoning process. The present study is the first example to show that a client kinase directly regulates Hsp90 activity, which is a novel level of regulation for the Hsp90 chaperone machinery. First, we prove that PKCγ (protein kinase Cγ) is a client protein of Hsp90α, and, that by interacting with PKCγ, Hsp90α prevents PKCγ degradation and facilitates its cytosol-to-membrane translocation and activation. A threonine residue set, Thr115/Thr425/Thr603, of Hsp90α is specifically phosphorylated by PKCγ, and, more interestingly, this threonine residue set serves as a ‘phosphorylation switch’ for Hsp90α binding or release of PKCγ. Moreover, phosphorylation of Hsp90α by PKCγ decreases the binding affinity of Hsp90α towards ATP and co-chaperones such as Cdc37 (cell-division cycle 37), thereby decreasing its chaperone activity. Further investigation demonstrated that the reciprocal regulation of Hsp90α and PKCγ plays a critical role in cancer cells, and that simultaneous inhibition of PKCγ and Hsp90α synergistically prevents cell migration and promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. The present study is the first example to show that a client directly regulates Hsp90 activity, which is a novel level of regulation for the Hsp90 chaperone machinery.
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35
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Sonego M, Gajendra S, Parsons M, Ma Y, Hobbs C, Zentar MP, Williams G, Machesky LM, Doherty P, Lalli G. Fascin regulates the migration of subventricular zone-derived neuroblasts in the postnatal brain. J Neurosci 2013; 33:12171-85. [PMID: 23884926 PMCID: PMC3721833 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0653-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After birth, stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) generate neuroblasts that migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to become interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB). This migration is a fundamental event controlling the proper integration of new neurons in a pre-existing synaptic network. Many regulators of neuroblast migration have been identified; however, still very little is known about the intracellular molecular mechanisms controlling this process. Here, we show that the actin-bundling protein fascin is highly upregulated in mouse SVZ-derived migratory neuroblasts. Fascin-1ko mice display an abnormal RMS and a smaller OB. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling experiments show that lack of fascin significantly impairs neuroblast migration, but does not appear to affect cell proliferation. Moreover, fascin depletion substantially alters the polarized morphology of rat neuroblasts. Protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent phosphorylation of fascin on Ser39 regulates its actin-bundling activity. In vivo postnatal electroporation of phosphomimetic (S39D) or nonphosphorylatable (S39A) fascin variants followed by time-lapse imaging of brain slices demonstrates that the phospho-dependent modulation of fascin activity ensures efficient neuroblast migration. Finally, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy studies in rat neuroblasts reveal that the interaction between fascin and PKC can be modulated by cannabinoid signaling, which controls neuroblast migration in vivo. We conclude that fascin, whose upregulation appears to mark the transition to the migratory neuroblast stage, is a crucial regulator of neuroblast motility. We propose that a tightly regulated phospho/dephospho-fascin cycle modulated by extracellular signals is required for the polarized morphology and migration in neuroblasts, thus contributing to efficient neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom, and
| | - Yafeng Ma
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow University College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, and
| | | | | | - Laura M. Machesky
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow University College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
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Hu CT, Cheng CC, Pan SM, Wu JR, Wu WS. PKC mediates fluctuant ERK-paxillin signaling for hepatocyte growth factor-induced migration of hepatoma cell HepG2. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1457-67. [PMID: 23524339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is critical for triggering metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mediates HGF-induced cell migration via focal adhesion signaling. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a negative regulator of ERK activation, however, both PKC and ERK were required for HGF-induced cell migration. To address this intriguing issue, the signal mechanisms for HGF-induced HepG2 cell migration were investigated in a long-term fashion. HGF-induced phosphorylations of ERK, Src (at Tyr 416) and paxillin (at Ser178 and Tyr31) were up and down for 3 times within 24h. HGF also induced fluctuant PKC activation and Rac degradation. Consistently, HGF induced intermittent actin polarization within 24h, which can be blocked by the inhibitors of PKC (Bisindolymaleimide) and ERK. Inhibitor studies revealed that ERK was required for HGF-induced paxillin phosphorylation at Ser178, whereas PKC and Rac-1 may suppress HGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK and paxillin (at Ser178) and upregulate phosphorylation of paxillin at Tyr31. Based on shRNA technique, PKCα and δ were responsible for suppressing HGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK and paxillin (at Ser178), whereas PKC ε and ζ were required for phosphorylation of paxillin at Tyr31. The HGF-induced fluctuant signaling is reminiscent of c-Met endocytosis. Using Concanavalin A, an inhibitor of endocytosis, we found that c-Met endocytosis was required for PKC to suppress ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, HGF-induced c-Met degradation was also fluctuant, which can be prevented by Bisindolymaleimide. In conclusion, PKC is critical for mediating HGF-induced fluctuant ERK-paxillin signaling during cell migration, probably via triggering endosomal degradation of c-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Abstract
In order to metastasize away from the primary tumor site and migrate into adjacent tissues, cancer cells will stimulate cellular motility through the regulation of their cytoskeletal structures. Through the coordinated polymerization of actin filaments, these cells will control the geometry of distinct structures, namely lamella, lamellipodia and filopodia, as well as the more recently characterized invadopodia. Because actin binding proteins play fundamental functions in regulating the dynamics of actin polymerization, they have been at the forefront of cancer research. This review focuses on a subset of actin binding proteins involved in the regulation of these cellular structures and protrusions, and presents some general principles summarizing how these proteins may remodel the structure of actin. The main body of this review aims to provide new insights into how the expression of these actin binding proteins is regulated during carcinogenesis and highlights new mechanisms that may be initiated by the metastatic cells to induce aberrant expression of such proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane R Gross
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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Abstract
The Rho family of GTP binding proteins, also commonly referred to as the Rho GTPases, are master regulators of the platelet cytoskeleton and platelet function. These low-molecular-weight or 'small' GTPases act as signaling switches in the spatial and temporal transduction, and amplification of signals from platelet cell surface receptors to the intracellular signaling pathways that drive platelet function. The Rho GTPase family members RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac1 have emerged as key regulators in the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in platelets and play key roles in platelet aggregation, secretion, spreading and thrombus formation. Rho GTPase regulators, including GEFs and GAPs and downstream effectors, such as the WASPs, formins and PAKs, may also regulate platelet activation and function. In this review, we provide an overview of Rho GTPase signaling in platelet physiology. Previous studies of Rho GTPases and platelets have had a shared history, as platelets have served as an ideal, non-transformed cellular model to characterize Rho function. Likewise, recent studies of the cell biology of Rho GTPase family members have helped to build an understanding of the molecular regulation of platelet function and will continue to do so through the further characterization of Rho GTPases as well as Rho GAPs, GEFs, RhoGDIs and Rho effectors in actin reorganization and other Rho-driven cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Groen CM, Spracklen AJ, Fagan TN, Tootle TL. Drosophila Fascin is a novel downstream target of prostaglandin signaling during actin remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:4567-78. [PMID: 23051736 PMCID: PMC3510018 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-05-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) regulate the actin cytoskeleton. However, their mechanisms of action are unknown. Use of Drosophila oogenesis—specifically nurse cell dumping—as a model shows that PGs regulate the actin bundler Fascin to control parallel actin filament bundle formation and cortical actin integrity. Although prostaglandins (PGs)—lipid signals produced downstream of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes—regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics, their mechanisms of action are unknown. We previously established Drosophila oogenesis, in particular nurse cell dumping, as a new model to determine how PGs regulate actin remodeling. PGs, and thus the Drosophila COX-like enzyme Pxt, are required for both the parallel actin filament bundle formation and the cortical actin strengthening required for dumping. Here we provide the first link between Fascin (Drosophila Singed, Sn), an actin-bundling protein, and PGs. Loss of either pxt or fascin results in similar actin defects. Fascin interacts, both pharmacologically and genetically, with PGs, as reduced Fascin levels enhance the effects of COX inhibition and synergize with reduced Pxt levels to cause both parallel bundle and cortical actin defects. Conversely, overexpression of Fascin in the germline suppresses the effects of COX inhibition and genetic loss of Pxt. These data lead to the conclusion that PGs regulate Fascin to control actin remodeling. This novel interaction has implications beyond Drosophila, as both PGs and Fascin-1, in mammalian systems, contribute to cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Groen
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Nagel J, Delandre C, Zhang Y, Förstner F, Moore AW, Tavosanis G. Fascin controls neuronal class-specific dendrite arbor morphology. Development 2012; 139:2999-3009. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.077800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The branched morphology of dendrites represents a functional hallmark of distinct neuronal types. Nonetheless, how diverse neuronal class-specific dendrite branches are generated is not understood. We investigated specific classes of sensory neurons of Drosophila larvae to address the fundamental mechanisms underlying the formation of distinct branch types. We addressed the function of fascin, a conserved actin-bundling protein involved in filopodium formation, in class III and class IV sensory neurons. We found that the terminal branchlets of different classes of neurons have distinctive dynamics and are formed on the basis of molecularly separable mechanisms; in particular, class III neurons require fascin for terminal branching whereas class IV neurons do not. In class III neurons, fascin controls the formation and dynamics of terminal branchlets. Previous studies have shown that transcription factor combinations define dendrite patterns; we find that fascin represents a downstream component of such programs, as it is a major effector of the transcription factor Cut in defining class III-specific dendrite morphology. Furthermore, fascin defines the morphological distinction between class III and class IV neurons. In fact, loss of fascin function leads to a partial conversion of class III neurons to class IV characteristics, while the reverse effect is obtained by fascin overexpression in class IV neurons. We propose that dedicated molecular mechanisms underlie the formation and dynamics of distinct dendrite branch types to elicit the accurate establishment of neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nagel
- Dendrite Differentiation Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, MPI of Neurobiology, 82152 Munich-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Caroline Delandre
- Disease Mechanism Research Core, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yun Zhang
- Dendrite Differentiation Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, MPI of Neurobiology, 82152 Munich-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Friedrich Förstner
- Department of Systems and Computational Neurobiology, MPI of Neurobiology, 82152 Munich-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adrian W. Moore
- Disease Mechanism Research Core, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Gaia Tavosanis
- Dendrite Differentiation Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, MPI of Neurobiology, 82152 Munich-Martinsried, Germany
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Jayo A, Parsons M, Adams JC. A novel Rho-dependent pathway that drives interaction of fascin-1 with p-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinase (LIMK) 1/2 to promote fascin-1/actin binding and filopodia stability. BMC Biol 2012; 10:72. [PMID: 22883572 PMCID: PMC3488970 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fascin-1 is an actin crosslinking protein that is important for the assembly of cell protrusions in neurons, skeletal and smooth muscle, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. Although absent from most normal adult epithelia, fascin-1 is upregulated in many human carcinomas, and is associated with poor prognosis because of its promotion of carcinoma cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Rac and Cdc42 small guanine triphosphatases have been identified as upstream regulators of the association of fascin-1 with actin, but the possible role of Rho has remained obscure. Additionally, experiments have been hampered by the inability to measure the fascin-1/actin interaction directly in intact cells. We investigated the hypothesis that fascin-1 is a functional target of Rho in normal and carcinoma cells, using experimental approaches that included a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)/fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) method to measure the interaction of fascin-1 with actin. Results Rho activity modulates the interaction of fascin-1 with actin, as detected by a novel FRET method, in skeletal myoblasts and human colon carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, Rho regulation depends on Rho kinase activity, is independent of the status of myosin II activity, and is not mediated by promotion of the fascin/PKC complex. The p-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinases (LIMK), LIMK1 and LIMK2, act downstream of Rho kinases as novel binding partners of fascin-1, and this complex regulates the stability of filopodia. Conclusions We have identified a novel activity of Rho in promoting a complex between fascin-1 and LIMK1/2 that modulates the interaction of fascin-1 with actin. These data provide new mechanistic insight into the intracellular coordination of contractile and protrusive actin-based structures. During the course of the study, we developed a novel FRET method for analysis of the fascin-1/actin interaction, with potential general applicability for analyzing the activities of actin-binding proteins in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Song Z, Guo Q, Zhang J, Li M, Liu C, Zou W. Proteomic analysis of PKCγ-related proteins in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42068. [PMID: 22860055 PMCID: PMC3409149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morphine tolerance is a common drawback of chronic morphine exposure, hindering use of this drug. Studies have shown that PKCã may play a key role in the development of morphine tolerance, although the mechanisms are not fully known. Methodology/Principal Findings In a rat model of morphine tolerance, PKCã knockdown in the spinal cord was successfully carried out using RNA interference (RNAi) with lentiviral vector-mediated short hairpin RNA of PKCã (LV-shPKCã). Spinal cords (L4-L5) were obtained surgically from morphine-tolerant (MT) rats with and without PKCã knockdown, for comparative proteomic analysis. Total proteins from the spinal cords (L4-L5) were extracted and separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE); 2D gel images were analyzed with PDQuest software. Seven differential gel-spots were observed with increased spot volume, and 18 spots observed with decreased spot volume. Among these, 13 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), comparing between MT rats with and without PKCã knockdown. The DEPs identified have roles in the cytoskeleton, as neurotrophic factors, in oxidative stress, in ion metabolism, in cell signaling, and as chaperones. Three DEPs (GFAP, FSCN and GDNF) were validated with Western blot analysis, confirming the DEP data. Furthermore, using immunohistochemical analysis, we reveal for the first time that FSCN is involved in the development of morphine tolerance. Conclusions/Significance These data cast light on the proteins associated with the PKCã activity during morphine tolerance, and hence may contribute to clarification of the mechanisms by which PKCã influences MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Maoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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Zanet J, Jayo A, Plaza S, Millard T, Parsons M, Stramer B. Fascin promotes filopodia formation independent of its role in actin bundling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:477-86. [PMID: 22564415 PMCID: PMC3352952 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of a critical residue of fascin eliminates the protein’s actin-bundling activity but maintains its positive role in filopodia formation Fascin is an evolutionarily conserved actin-binding protein that plays a key role in forming filopodia. It is widely thought that this function involves fascin directly bundling actin filaments, which is controlled by an N-terminal regulatory serine residue. In this paper, by studying cellular processes in Drosophila melanogaster that require fascin activity, we identify a regulatory residue within the C-terminal region of the protein (S289). Unexpectedly, although mutation (S289A) of this residue disrupted the actin-bundling capacity of fascin, fascin S289A fully rescued filopodia formation in fascin mutant flies. Live imaging of migrating macrophages in vivo revealed that this mutation restricted the localization of fascin to the distal ends of filopodia. The corresponding mutation of human fascin (S274) similarly affected its interaction with actin and altered filopodia dynamics within carcinoma cells. These data reveal an evolutionarily conserved role for this regulatory region and unveil a function for fascin, uncoupled from actin bundling, at the distal end of filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zanet
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, England, UK
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Schober JM, Kwon G, Jayne D, Cain JM. The microtubule-associated protein EB1 maintains cell polarity through activation of protein kinase C. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:67-72. [PMID: 22120625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The plus-ends of microtubules target the cell cortex to modulate actin protrusion dynamics and polarity, but little is known of the molecular mechanism that couples the interaction. EB1 protein associates with the plus-ends of microtubules, placing EB1 in an ideal spatial position to mediate microtubule-actin cross talk. The objective of the current study was to further understand intracellular signaling involved in EB1-dependent cell polarity and motility. B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were depleted of EB1 protein using short hair-pin RNA interference. Correlative live cell-immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to determine localization of WAVE2 and IQGAP1 to protruding versus retracting edges. EB1 knock down caused poor subcellular separation of WAVE2 and IQGAP1, and overall decreased localization. Activation of PKC corrected defects in WAVE2 and IQGAP1 localization, cell spreading and cell shape to levels observed in control cells, but did not correct defects in cell migration. Consistent with these findings, decreased PKC phosphorylation was observed in EB1 knock down cells. These findings support a model where EB1 protein links microtubules to actin protrusion and cell polarity through signaling pathways involving PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Schober
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy, Edwardsville, IL 62026-2000, USA.
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Abstract
Cell migration requires sustained forward movement of the plasma membrane at the cell's front or "leading edge." To date, researchers have uncovered four distinct ways of extending the membrane at the leading edge. In lamellipodia and filopodia, actin polymerization directly pushes the plasma membrane forward, whereas in invadopodia, actin polymerization couples with the extracellular delivery of matrix-degrading metalloproteases to clear a path for cells through the extracellular matrix. Membrane blebs drive the plasma membrane forward using a combination of actomyosin-based contractility and reversible detachment of the membrane from the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Each protrusion type requires the coordination of a wide spectrum of signaling molecules and regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. In addition, these different protrusion methods likely act in concert to move cells through complex environments in vivo.
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Hayashi Y, Osanai M, Lee GH. Fascin-1 expression correlates with repression of E-cadherin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and augments their invasiveness in combination with matrix metalloproteinases. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1228-35. [PMID: 21323792 PMCID: PMC11158138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of fascin-1, an actin bundling protein, is a poor prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its biological role in HCC cells remains unclear. Using human HCC tissues and cell lines HLE, Hep3B, and Huh7, we investigated whether fascin-1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increases invasiveness, thus serving as a promoter of cancer aggressiveness. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that fascin-1 expression in 19% of primary HCCs was associated with repression of E-cadherin expression, indicating EMT. In vitro, HLE cells showed high fascin-1 expression, loss of E-cadherin, and efficient invasion through Matrigel. Knockdown of fascin-1 significantly repressed invasiveness of the HLE cells and slightly induced E-cadherin expression. In contrast, Huh7 cells had low fascin-1 levels, high E-cadherin expression, and were expectedly non-invasive. However, forced overexpression of fascin-1 conferred only modest invasiveness without E-cadherin repression, indicating that fascin-1 alone cannot effectively stimulate invasiveness or EMT. Furthermore, Hep3B cells were non-invasive despite high fascin-1 expression. Nevertheless, fascin-1 overexpression dramatically increased the migratory potential of Huh7 cells. We then evaluated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 from the HCC cell lines. Significant MMP secretion was only found in HLE cells. Although MMP levels were not elevated in fascin-1-overexpressing Huh7 cells, their invasiveness was remarkably augmented by coculture with HLE cells, and was suppressed in the presence of an MMP inhibitor. In conclusion, we propose that fascin-1 primarily acts as a migration factor associated with EMT in HCC cells and facilitates their invasiveness in combination with MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kochi University School of Medicine, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Japan
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47
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Hashimoto Y, Kim DJ, Adams JC. The roles of fascins in health and disease. J Pathol 2011; 224:289-300. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Marín-Vicente C, Guerrero-Valero M, Nielsen ML, Savitski MM, Gómez-Fernández JC, Zubarev RA, Corbalán-García S. ATP enhances neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells by activating PKCα interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:529-40. [PMID: 20973479 DOI: 10.1021/pr100742r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PKCα is a key mediator of the neuronal differentiation controlled by NGF and ATP. However, its downstream signaling pathways remain to be elucidated. To identify the signaling partners of PKCα, we analyzed proteins coimmunoprecipitated with this enzyme in PC12 cells differentiated with NGF and ATP and compared them with those obtained with NGF alone or growing media. Mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) identified plectin, peripherin, filamin A, fascin, and β-actin as potential interacting proteins. The colocalization of PKCα and its interacting proteins increased when PC12 cells were differentiated with NGF and ATP. Peripherin and plectin organization and the cortical remodeling of β-actin were dramatically affected when PKCα was down-regulated, suggesting that all three proteins might be functional targets of ATP-dependent PKCα signaling. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PKCα is essential for controlling the neuronal development induced by NGF and ATP and interacts with the cytoskeletal components at two levels: assembly of the intermediate filament peripherin and organization of cortical actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Marín-Vicente
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kanaan Z, Qadan M, Eichenberger MR, Galandiuk S. The actin-cytoskeleton pathway and its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease-associated human colorectal cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:347-53. [PMID: 20406101 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To improve our understanding of the various clinical phenotypes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) and provide potential targets for early diagnosis and future therapy, we sought to identify new candidate genes and molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis and progression of this disorder. Recent evidence has implicated the actin-cytoskeleton pathway in the development of metastatic sporadic CRC through cytoskeletal proteins such as fascin-1. We hereby propose that similar genetic polymorphisms and mutations among regulatory genes of the actin-cytoskeleton pathway may also be associated with increased dysplasia, carcinogenesis, and susceptibility for invasion and metastasis in IBD-associated CRC, as compared with sporadic CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, we identified three patients with IBD-associated CRC. We subsequently retrieved normal, dysplastic, and cancerous tissue from within the same surgical colonic specimen. Messenger RNA was subsequently isolated from fresh frozen tissue, and oligonucleotide arrays were carried out to identify genes that were differentially expressed between the three various tissue types (normal, dysplasia, and cancer). By utilizing the same specimen to obtain each of the three various tissue types, we excluded intersubject variability during the analysis. Finally, we performed bioinformatic interaction pathway analysis using the "Ingenuity Pathway Analysis" software. RESULTS Computerized pathway analysis revealed that the actin-cytoskeleton pathway was significantly dysregulated in the progression of normal cells, via dysplasia, to IBD-associated CRC (p < 0.05). Significantly up-regulated genes identified in the analysis included the fibroblast growth factor, Abelson interactor gene-2, profilin-2, and radixin genes. Conversely, the diaphanous homolog gene appeared to be significantly down-regulated. CONCLUSION Via the dysregulation of these five genes within the actin-cytoskeleton pathway, we propose that this molecular pathway provides a potential mechanism for the malignant transformation and progression of normal tissue, via dysplasia, to IBD-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Kanaan
- Department of Surgery, Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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Fascin: a key regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:1614-7. [PMID: 20601080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fascin is a 55 kDa actin-bundling protein and is an important regulatory element in the maintenance and stability of parallel bundles of filamentous actin in a variety of cellular contexts. Regulation of fascin function is under the control of a number of different signalling pathways that act in concert to spatially regulate the actin-binding properties of this protein. The ability of fascin to bind and bundle actin plays a central role in the regulation of cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Fascin has received considerable attention recently as an emerging key prognostic marker of metastatic disease. Studies are now underway to better understand the precise regulation of this protein in the context of tumour progression and to investigate fascin as a potential therapeutic target for a number of forms of cancer.
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