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Al-Husinat L, Azzam S, Al Sharie S, Al Sharie AH, Battaglini D, Robba C, Marini JJ, Thornton LT, Cruz FF, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Effects of mechanical ventilation on the interstitial extracellular matrix in healthy lungs and lungs affected by acute respiratory distress syndrome: a narrative review. Crit Care 2024; 28:165. [PMID: 38750543 PMCID: PMC11094887 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation, a lifesaving intervention in critical care, can lead to damage in the extracellular matrix (ECM), triggering inflammation and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), particularly in conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review discusses the detailed structure of the ECM in healthy and ARDS-affected lungs under mechanical ventilation, aiming to bridge the gap between experimental insights and clinical practice by offering a thorough understanding of lung ECM organization and the dynamics of its alteration during mechanical ventilation. MAIN TEXT Focusing on the clinical implications, we explore the potential of precise interventions targeting the ECM and cellular signaling pathways to mitigate lung damage, reduce inflammation, and ultimately improve outcomes for critically ill patients. By analyzing a range of experimental studies and clinical papers, particular attention is paid to the roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), integrins, and other molecules in ECM damage and VILI. This synthesis not only sheds light on the structural changes induced by mechanical stress but also underscores the importance of cellular responses such as inflammation, fibrosis, and excessive activation of MMPs. CONCLUSIONS This review emphasizes the significance of mechanical cues transduced by integrins and their impact on cellular behavior during ventilation, offering insights into the complex interactions between mechanical ventilation, ECM damage, and cellular signaling. By understanding these mechanisms, healthcare professionals in critical care can anticipate the consequences of mechanical ventilation and use targeted strategies to prevent or minimize ECM damage, ultimately leading to better patient management and outcomes in critical care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou'i Al-Husinat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saif Azzam
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmed H Al Sharie
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Denise Battaglini
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - John J Marini
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Lauren T Thornton
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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2
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Li X, Mao X, Cong J, Zhang Q, Chen W, Yan K, Huang Y, Su D, Xiang Q. Recombinantly expressed rhFEB remodeled the skin defect of db/db mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:183. [PMID: 38285241 PMCID: PMC10824822 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) and collagen are vital components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These proteins are essential for tissue formation and cell alignment during the wound healing stage. In particular, FN interacts with collagens to activate various intracellular signaling pathways to maintain ECM stability. A novel recombinant extra domain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN)-COL3A1 fusion protein (rhFEB) was designed to mimic the ECM to promote chronic and refractory skin ulcer wound healing. rhFEB significantly enhanced cell adhesion and migration, vascular ring formation, and the production of new collagen I (COL1A1) in vitro. rhFEB decreased M1 macrophages and further modulated the wound microenvironment, which was confirmed by the treatment of db/db mice with rhFEB. Accelerated wound healing was shown during the initial stages in rhFEB-treated db/db mice, as was enhanced follicle regeneration, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, granulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The wound chronicity of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains the main challenge in current and future treatment. rhFEB may be a candidate molecule for regulating M1 macrophages during DFU healing. KEY POINTS: • A recombinant protein EDB-FN-collagen III (rhFEB) was highly expressed in Escherichia coli • rhFEB protein induces COL1A1 secretion in human skin fibroblasts • rhFEB protein accelerates diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Perfect Life and Health Institute Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Perfect Life and Health Institute Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jianhang Cong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qirong Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Perfect Life and Health Institute Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, China
| | - Kunjun Yan
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dun Su
- Perfect Life and Health Institute Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, China.
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Whitehead AJ, Atcha H, Hocker JD, Ren B, Engler AJ. AP-1 signaling modulates cardiac fibroblast stress responses. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261152. [PMID: 37994565 PMCID: PMC10753496 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix remodeling outcomes largely dictate patient survival post myocardial infarction. Moreover, human-restricted noncoding regulatory elements have been shown to worsen fibrosis, but their mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate, using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac fibroblasts (iCFs), that inflammatory ligands abundant in the remodeling heart after infarction activate AP-1 transcription factor signaling pathways resulting in fibrotic responses. This observed signaling induces deposition of fibronectin matrix and is further capable of supporting immune cell adhesion; pathway inhibition blocks iCF matrix production and cell adhesion. Polymorphisms in the noncoding regulatory elements within the 9p21 locus (also referred to as ANRIL) redirect stress programs, and in iCFs, they transcriptionally silence the AP-1 inducible transcription factor GATA5. The presence of these polymorphisms modulate iCF matrix production and assembly and reduce cell-cell signaling. These data suggest that this signaling axis is a critical modulator of cardiac disease models and might be influenced by noncoding regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Whitehead
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hamza Atcha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James D. Hocker
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Sharma A, Hill KE, Schwarzbauer JE. Extracellular matrix composition affects outgrowth of dendrites and dendritic spines on cortical neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1177663. [PMID: 37388410 PMCID: PMC10300442 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1177663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in nervous tissue plays an important role in controlling neuronal outgrowth and synapse development. Changes in both protein and glycosaminoglycan components of the ECM occur with tissue injury and may affect neuron growth. To investigate neuron responses to alterations in fibronectin (FN), a major component of the wound ECM, we grew cortical neurons on cell-derived decellularized matrices composed of wild type FN (FN+/+) or of a mutant form of FN (FNΔ/+) from which the III13 heparin-binding site had been deleted by CRISPR-Cas 9 gene editing. The most significant effect of the mutant FN was a reduction in dendrite outgrowth. Not only were dendrites shorter on mutant FNΔ/+-collagen (COL) matrix than on wild type (FN+/+-COL) matrix, but the number of dendrites and dendritic spines per neuron and the spine densities were also dramatically reduced on FNΔ/+-COL matrices. Mass spectrometry and immunostaining identified a reduction in tenascin-C (TN-C) levels in the mutant matrix. TN-C is an ECM protein that binds to the III13 site of FN and modulates cell-matrix interactions and has been linked to dendrite development. We propose that TN-C binding to FN in the wound matrix supports dendrite and spine development during repair of damaged neural tissue. Overall, these results show that changes in ECM composition can dramatically affect elaboration of neurites and support the idea that the ECM microenvironment controls neuron morphology and connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean E. Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
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5
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Lee K, Jackson A, John N, Zhang R, Ozhava D, Bhatia M, Mao Y. Bovine Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Promotes the Growth and Preserves the Stemness of Bovine Stromal Cells during In Vitro Expansion. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040218. [PMID: 37103308 PMCID: PMC10144935 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultivated meat is a fast-growing research field and an industry with great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional meat production. Cultivated meat utilizes cell culture and tissue engineering technologies to culture a vast number of cells in vitro and grow/assemble them into structures mimicking the muscle tissues of livestock animals. Stem cells with self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation abilities have been considered one of the key cell sources for cultivated meats. However, the extensive in vitro culturing/expansion of stem cells results in a reduction in their abilities to proliferate and differentiate. Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been used as a culturing substrate to support cell expansion for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine due to its resemblance to the native microenvironment of cells. In this study, the effect of the ECM on the expansion of bovine umbilical cord stromal cells (BUSC) in vitro was evaluated and characterized. BUSCs with multi-lineage differentiation potentials were isolated from bovine placental tissue. Decellularized ECM prepared from a confluent monolayer of bovine fibroblasts (BF) is free of cellular components but contains major ECM proteins such as fibronectin and type I collagen and ECM-associated growth factors. Expansion of BUSC on ECM for three passages (around three weeks) resulted in about 500-fold amplification, while cells were amplified less than 10-fold when cultured on standard tissue culture plates (TCP). Moreover, the presence of ECM reduced the requirement for serum in the culture medium. Importantly, the cells amplified on ECM retained their differentiation abilities better than cells cultured on TCP. The results of our study support the notion that monolayer cell-derived ECM may be a strategy to expand bovine cells in vitro effectively and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Lee
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anisha Jackson
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nikita John
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ryan Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Derya Ozhava
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Mohit Bhatia
- Atelier Meats, 666 Burrard Street, Suite 500, Vancouver, BC V6C 3P6, Canada
| | - Yong Mao
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Bun T, Sato Y, Futami H, Tagawa Y, Murakami Y, Takahashi M. Cytoskeletal fractionation identifies LMO7 as a positive regulator of fibroblast polarization and directed migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 638:58-65. [PMID: 36442233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a cytoskeleton-driven cellular process involved in physiological and pathological events such as embryonic development and cancer metastasis. Fibroblasts have often been used to elucidate the mechanism of cell migration due to their high morphological polarity and migratory activity. We recently reported that human lung fibroblasts migrate straight for a long duration without external stimuli, which phenomenon we named intrinsic and directed migration (IDM) of fibroblasts. In this study, we explored proteins involved in IDM in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism. First, we focused on the differences in morphology and migratory behaviors between normal and immortalized fibroblasts-the former exhibit obvious polarity and IDM; the latter exhibit poorly polarized morphology and random migration. We compared the abundance of proteins functioning as the cytoskeletal components between them through proteomic analysis and found that LIM domain only protein 7 (LMO7) is overwhelmingly incorporated into the cytoskeletons of normal fibroblasts. Depletion of LMO7 inhibited the directed migration of normal fibroblast on the fibronectin (FN)-rich surface, suggesting that LMO7 is important for IDM. Moreover, on the FN-free surface, LMO7-depleted fibroblasts often failed to establish morphological polarity and hardly migrated. Thus, the present study identified LMO7 as a positive regulator of fibroblast polarization and IDM, especially in an environment where integrin-mediated substrate attachment is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Bun
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Hajime Futami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Tagawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yota Murakami
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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7
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Xu Z, Zhou T, Wang Y, Zhu L, Tu J, Xu Z, Li L, Li Y. Integrated PPI- and WGCNA-retrieval of hub gene signatures for soft substrates inhibition of human fibroblasts proliferation and differentiation. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6957-6974. [PMID: 36057261 PMCID: PMC9512501 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts (FBs) are the most important functional cells in the process of wound repair, and their functions can be activated by different signals at the pathological site. Although wound repair is associated with microenvironmental stiffness, the effect of matrix stiffness on FBs remains elusive. In this study, TGF-β1 was used to mimic the fibrotic environment under pathological conditions. We found that the soft substrates made FBs slender compared with tissue culture plastic, and the main altered biological function was the inhibition of proliferation and differentiation ability. Through PPI and WGCNA analysis, 63 hub genes were found, including GADD45A, CDKN3, HIST2H3PS2, ACTB, etc., which may be the main targets of soft substrates affecting the proliferation and differentiation of FBs. Our findings not only provide a more detailed report on the effect of matrix stiffness on the function of human skin FBs, but also may provide new intervention ideas for improving scars and other diseases caused by excessive cell proliferation, with potential clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- The First Norman Bethune Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Leijie Zhu
- The Third Norman Bethune Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jihao Tu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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8
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Differential Regulation of Neurite Outgrowth and Growth Cone Morphology by 3D Fibronectin and Fibronectin-Collagen Extracellular Matrices. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1112-1123. [PMID: 34845592 PMCID: PMC8858852 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in development, homeostasis, and regeneration of tissue structures and functions. Cell interactions with the ECM are dynamic and cells respond to ECM remodeling by changes in morphology and motility. During nerve regeneration, the ECM facilitates neurite outgrowth and guides axons with target specificity. Decellularized ECMs retain structural, biochemical, and biomechanical cues of native ECM and have the potential to replace damaged matrix to support cell activities during tissue repair. To determine the ECM components that contribute to nerve regeneration, we analyzed neuron-ECM interactions on two types of decellularized ECM. One matrix was composed primarily of fibronectin (FN) fibrils, and the other FN-rich ECM also contained significant numbers of type I collagen (COL I) fibrils. Using primary neurons dissociated from superior cervical ganglion (SCG) explants, we found that neurites were extended on both matrices without a significant difference in average neurite length after 24 h. The most distinctive features of neurites on the FN matrix were numerous short actin-filled protrusions and longer branches extending from neurite shafts. Very few protrusions and branches were detected on FN-COL matrix. Growth cone morphologies also differed with mostly filopodial growth cones on FN matrix whereas on FN-COL matrix, equivalent numbers of filopodial and slender growth cones were formed. Our work provides new information about how changes in major components of the ECM during tissue repair modulate neuron and growth cone morphologies and helps to define the contributions of neuron-ECM interactions to nerve development and regeneration.
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9
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Meng LH, Chen YX. Lipid accumulation and protein modifications of Bruch's membrane in age-related macular degeneration. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:766-773. [PMID: 34012894 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.05.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disease, which is the leading cause of blindness in western countries. There is an urgency to establish new therapeutic strategies that could prevent or delay the progression of AMD more efficiently. Until now, the pathogenesis of AMD has remained unclear, limiting the development of the novel therapy. Bruch's membrane (BM) goes through remarkable changes in AMD, playing a significant role during the disease course. The main aim of this review is to present the crucial processes that occur at the level of BM, with special consideration of the lipid accumulation and protein modifications. Besides, some therapies targeted at these molecules and the construction of BM in tissue engineering of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells transplantation were listed. Hopefully, this review may provide a reference for researchers engaged in pathogenesis or management on AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - You-Xin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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10
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Fibronectin in development and wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:353-368. [PMID: 32961203 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin structure and composition regulate contextual cell signaling. Recent advances have been made in understanding fibronectin and its role in tissue organization and repair. This review outlines fibronectin splice variants and their functions, evaluates potential therapeutic strategies targeting or utilizing fibronectin, and concludes by discussing potential future directions to modulate fibronectin function in development and wound healing.
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11
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Satyam A, Tsokos MG, Tresback JS, Zeugolis DI, Tsokos GC. Cell derived extracellular matrix-rich biomimetic substrate supports podocyte proliferation, differentiation and maintenance of native phenotype. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1908752. [PMID: 33692659 PMCID: PMC7939063 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201908752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current technologies and available scaffold materials do not support long-term cell viability, differentiation and maintenance of podocytes, the ultra-specialized kidney resident cells that are responsible for the filtration of the blood. We developed a new platform which imitates the native kidney microenvironment by decellularizing fibroblasts grown on surfaces with macromolecular crowding. Human immortalized podocytes cultured on this platform displayed superior viability and metabolic activity up to 28 days compared to podocytes cultured on tissue culture plastic surfaces. The new platform displayed a softer surface and an abundance of growth factors and associated molecules. More importantly it enabled podocytes to display molecules responsible for their structure and function and a superior development of intercellular connections/interdigitations, consistent with maturation. The new platform can be used to study podocyte biology, test drug toxicity and determine whether sera from patients with podocytopathies are involved in the expression of glomerular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhigyan Satyam
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Jason S Tresback
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Laboratory for Integrated Science and Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
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12
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Molde J, Steele JAM, Pastino AK, Mahat A, Murthy NS, Kohn J. A step toward engineering thick tissues: Distributing microfibers within 3D printed frames. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:581-591. [PMID: 31721423 PMCID: PMC7078963 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfiber mats for tissue engineering scaffolds support cell growth, but are limited by poor cell infiltration and nutrient transport. Three-dimensional printing, specifically fused deposition modeling (FDM), can rapidly produce customized constructs, but macroscopic porosity resulting from low resolution reduces cell seeding efficiency and prevents the formation of continuous cell networks. Here we describe the fabrication of hierarchical scaffolds that integrate a fibrous microenvironment with the open macropore structure of FDM. Biodegradable tyrosine-derived polycarbonate microfibers were airbrushed iteratively between layers of 3D printed support structure following optimization. Confocal imaging showed layers of airbrushed fiber mats supported human dermal fibroblast growth and extracellular matrix development throughout the scaffold. When implanted subcutaneously, hierarchical scaffolds facilitated greater cell infiltration and tissue formation than airbrushed fiber mats. Fibronectin matrix assembled in vitro throughout the hierarchical scaffold survived decellularization and provided a hybrid substrate for recellularization with mesenchymal stromal cells. These results demonstrate that by combining FDM and airbrushing techniques we can engineer customizable hierarchical scaffolds for thick tissues that support increased cell growth and infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Molde
- New Jersey Center for BiomaterialsRutgers – The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ
| | - Joseph A. M. Steele
- New Jersey Center for BiomaterialsRutgers – The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ
| | - Alexandra K. Pastino
- New Jersey Center for BiomaterialsRutgers – The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ
| | - Anisha Mahat
- New Jersey Center for BiomaterialsRutgers – The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ
| | - N. Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for BiomaterialsRutgers – The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for BiomaterialsRutgers – The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ
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13
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Saunders JT, Schwarzbauer JE. Fibronectin matrix as a scaffold for procollagen proteinase binding and collagen processing. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2218-2226. [PMID: 31242089 PMCID: PMC6743462 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibronectin (FN) and type I collagen (collagen I) are codistributed in many tissues, and collagens have been shown to depend on an FN matrix for fibrillogenesis. Microscopic analysis of a fibroblast ECM showed colocalization of procollagen I with FN fibrils, and proteolytic cleavage of procollagen to initiate fibril formation was significantly reduced with inhibition of FN matrix assembly. We examined the role of FN matrix in procollagen processing by the C-propeptide proteinase bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1). We found that BMP-1 binds to a cell-assembled ECM in a dose-dependent manner and that, like procollagen, BMP-1 colocalizes with FN fibrils in the matrix microenvironment. Binding studies with FN fragments identified a binding site in FN’s primary heparin-binding domain. In solution, BMP-1–FN interactions and BMP-1 cleavage of procollagen I were both enhanced by the presence of heparin, suggesting a role for heparin in complex formation during proteolysis. Indeed, addition of heparin enhanced the rate of procollagen cleavage by matrix-bound BMP-1. Our results show that matrix localization of this proteinase facilitates the initiation of collagen assembly and suggest a model in which FN matrix and associated heparan sulfate act as a scaffold to organize enzyme and substrate for procollagen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Saunders
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014
| | - Jean E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014
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14
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Gutmann M, Bechold J, Seibel J, Meinel L, Lühmann T. Metabolic Glycoengineering of Cell-Derived Matrices and Cell Surfaces: A Combination of Key Principles and Step-by-Step Procedures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:215-233. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Gutmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Bechold
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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15
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VanSlyke JK, Boswell BA, Musil LS. Fibronectin regulates growth factor signaling and cell differentiation in primary lens cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217240. [PMID: 30404825 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lens epithelial cells are bound to the lens extracellular matrix capsule, of which laminin is a major component. After cataract surgery, surviving lens epithelial cells are exposed to increased levels of fibronectin, and so we addressed whether fibronectin influences lens cell fate, using DCDML cells as a serum-free primary lens epithelial cell culture system. We found that culturing DCDMLs with plasma-derived fibronectin upregulated canonical TGFβ signaling relative to cells plated on laminin. Fibronectin-exposed cultures also showed increased TGFβ signaling-dependent differentiation into the two cell types responsible for posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery, namely myofibroblasts and lens fiber cells. Increased TGFβ activity could be identified in the conditioned medium recovered from cells grown on fibronectin. Other experiments showed that plating DCDMLs on fibronectin overcomes the need for BMP in fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-induced lens fiber cell differentiation, a requirement that is restored when endogenous TGFβ signaling is inhibited. These results demonstrate how the TGFβ-fibronectin axis can profoundly affect lens cell fate. This axis represents a novel target for prevention of late-onset posterior capsule opacification, a common but currently intractable complication of cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy K VanSlyke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Bruce A Boswell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Linda S Musil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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16
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Cadoff EB, Sheffer R, Wientroub S, Ovadia D, Meiner V, Schwarzbauer JE. Mechanistic insights into the cellular effects of a novel FN1 variant associated with a spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Clin Genet 2018; 94:429-437. [PMID: 30051459 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) is characterized by developmental changes in long bones and vertebrae. It has large phenotypic diversity and multiple genetic causes, including a recent link to novel variants in the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin (FN), a regulator of ECM assembly and key link between the ECM and proper cell function. We identified a patient with a unique SMD, similar to SMD with corner fractures. The patient has been followed over 19 years and presents with short stature, genu varum, kyphoscoliosis, and pectus carinatum. Radiography shows metaphyseal changes that resolved over time, vertebral changes, and capitular avascular necrosis. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous FN1 variant (p.Cys97Trp). Using mass spectroscopy, mutant FN was detected in plasma and in culture medium of primary dermal fibroblasts isolated from the patient, but mutant protein was much less abundant than wild-type FN. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses show that mutant fibroblasts assemble significantly lower amounts of FN matrix than wild-type cells, and mutant FN was preferentially retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. This work highlights the importance of FN in skeletal development, and its potential role in the pathogenesis of a subtype of SMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Cadoff
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - R Sheffer
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Wientroub
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Ovadia
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - V Meiner
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
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17
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Muro S. Alterations in Cellular Processes Involving Vesicular Trafficking and Implications in Drug Delivery. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018; 3:biomimetics3030019. [PMID: 31105241 PMCID: PMC6352689 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics3030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis and vesicular trafficking are cellular processes that regulate numerous functions required to sustain life. From a translational perspective, they offer avenues to improve the access of therapeutic drugs across cellular barriers that separate body compartments and into diseased cells. However, the fact that many factors have the potential to alter these routes, impacting our ability to effectively exploit them, is often overlooked. Altered vesicular transport may arise from the molecular defects underlying the pathological syndrome which we aim to treat, the activity of the drugs being used, or side effects derived from the drug carriers employed. In addition, most cellular models currently available do not properly reflect key physiological parameters of the biological environment in the body, hindering translational progress. This article offers a critical overview of these topics, discussing current achievements, limitations and future perspectives on the use of vesicular transport for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Behzadi S, Vatan NM, Lema K, Nwaobasi D, Zenkov I, Abadi PPSS, Khan DA, Corbo C, Aghaverdi H, Farokhzad OC, Mahmoudi M. Flat Cell Culturing Surface May Cause Misinterpretation of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahed Behzadi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Naazanene M. Vatan
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Kevin Lema
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Dike Nwaobasi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Ilia Zenkov
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Parisa P. S. S. Abadi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Daid Ahmad Khan
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Claudia Corbo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Haniyeh Aghaverdi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
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19
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Mao Y, Hoffman T, Wu A, Kohn J. An Innovative Laboratory Procedure to Expand Chondrocytes with Reduced Dedifferentiation. Cartilage 2018; 9:202-211. [PMID: 29271232 PMCID: PMC5871131 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517746724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In vitro expansion of chondrocytes is required for cartilage tissue engineering and clinical cell-based cartilage repair practices. However, the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during in vitro expansion continues to be a challenge. This study focuses on identifying a cell culture surface to support chondrocyte expansion with reduced dedifferentiation. Design A less adhesive culture surface, non-tissue culture treated surface (NTC), was tested for its suitability for culturing chondrocytes. The cell expansion and the expression of chondrocyte markers were monitored for at least 2 passages on NTC in comparison with conventional tissue culture treated polystyrene surface (TCP). The ability of expanded chondrocytes to form cartilage tissues was evaluated using pellet culturing and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. Results NTC supported bovine chondrocyte proliferation to a clinically relevant expansion requirement within 2 passages. Chondrocyte phenotypes were better maintained when cultured on NTC than on TCP. In vitro pellet culture studies showed that chondrocytes expanded on NTC expressed a higher level of chondrocyte extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the cells expanded on NTC or TCP were implanted subcutaneously as pellets in nude mice for 6 weeks. The recovered pellets showed cartilage-like tissue formation from cells expanded on NTC but not from the cells expanded on TCP. Conclusions This study presents an innovative and easy culturing procedure to expand chondrocytes with reduced dedifferentiation. This procedure has potential to be developed to expand chondrocytes in vitro for basic research, tissue engineering, and possibly for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mao
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Amy Wu
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA,Joachim Kohn, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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20
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Sawicki LA, Choe LH, Wiley KL, Lee KH, Kloxin AM. Isolation and Identification of Proteins Secreted by Cells Cultured within Synthetic Hydrogel-Based Matrices. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:836-845. [PMID: 29552635 PMCID: PMC5850091 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells interact with and remodel their microenvironment, degrading large extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., fibronectin, collagens) and secreting new ECM proteins and small soluble factors (e.g., growth factors, cytokines). Synthetic mimics of the ECM have been developed as controlled cell culture platforms for use in both fundamental and applied studies. However, how cells broadly remodel these initially well-defined matrices remains poorly understood and difficult to probe. In this work, we have established methods for widely examining both large and small proteins that are secreted by cells within synthetic matrices. Specifically, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a model primary cell type, were cultured within well-defined poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-peptide hydrogels, and these cell-matrix constructs were decellularized and degraded for subsequent isolation and analysis of deposited proteins. Shotgun proteomics using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry identified a variety of proteins, including the large ECM proteins fibronectin and collagen VI. Immunostaining and confocal imaging confirmed these results and provided visualization of protein organization within the synthetic matrices. Additionally, culture medium was collected from the encapsulated hMSCs, and a Luminex assay was performed to identify secreted soluble factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Together, these methods provide a unique approach for studying dynamic reciprocity between cells and synthetic microenvironments and have the potential to provide new biological insights into cell responses during three-dimensional (3D) controlled cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Sawicki
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Leila H. Choe
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Delaware
Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Katherine L. Wiley
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kelvin H. Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Delaware
Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
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21
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Epstein Shochet G, Wollin L, Shitrit D. Fibroblast-matrix interplay: Nintedanib and pirfenidone modulate the effect of IPF fibroblast-conditioned matrix on normal fibroblast phenotype. Respirology 2018. [PMID: 29532550 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with poor prognosis. Activated fibroblasts are the key effector cells in fibrosis, producing excessive amounts of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Whether the ECM conditioned by IPF fibroblasts determines the phenotype of naïve fibroblasts is difficult to explore. METHODS IPF-derived primary fibroblasts were cultured on Matrigel and then cleared using ammonium hydroxide, creating an IPF-conditioned matrix (CM). Normal fibroblast CM served as control. Normal fibroblasts were cultured on both types of CM, and cell count, cell distribution and markers of myofibroblast differentiation; transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling; and ECM expression were assessed. The effects of the anti-fibrotic drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone at physiologically relevant concentrations were also explored. RESULTS Normal fibroblasts cultured on IPF-CM arranged in large aggregates as a result of increased proliferation and migration. Moreover, increased levels of pSmad3, pSTAT3 (phospho signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and Collagen1a were found, suggesting a differentiation towards a myofibroblast-like phenotype. SB505124 (10 μmol/L) partially reversed these alterations, suggesting a TGFβ contribution. Furthermore, nintedanib at 100 nmol/L and, to a lesser extent, pirfenidone at 100 μmol/L prevented the IPF-CM-induced fibroblast phenotype alterations, suggesting an attenuation of the ECM-fibroblast interplay. CONCLUSION IPF fibroblasts alter the ECM, thus creating a CM that further propagates an IPF-like phenotype in normal fibroblasts. This assay demonstrated differences in drug activities for approved IPF drugs at clinically relevant concentrations. Thus, the matrix-fibroblast phenotype interplay might be a relevant assay to explore drug candidates for IPF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany
| | - David Shitrit
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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22
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Rousselle P, Montmasson M, Garnier C. Extracellular matrix contribution to skin wound re-epithelialization. Matrix Biol 2018; 75-76:12-26. [PMID: 29330022 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of skin to act as a barrier is primarily determined by cells that maintain the continuity and integrity of skin and restore it after injury. Cutaneous wound healing in adult mammals is a complex multi-step process that involves overlapping stages of blood clot formation, inflammation, re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, neovascularization, and remodeling. Under favorable conditions, epidermal regeneration begins within hours after injury and takes several days until the epithelial surface is intact due to reorganization of the basement membrane. Regeneration relies on numerous signaling cues and on multiple cellular processes that take place both within the epidermis and in other participating tissues. A variety of modulators are involved, including growth factors, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, cellular receptors, and extracellular matrix components. Here we focus on the involvement of the extracellular matrix proteins that impact epidermal regeneration during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367, France.
| | - Marine Montmasson
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367, France
| | - Cécile Garnier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367, France
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23
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Heparin-fibronectin interactions in the development of extracellular matrix insolubility. Matrix Biol 2017; 67:107-122. [PMID: 29223498 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly, fibronectin (FN) fibrils are irreversibly converted into a detergent-insoluble form which, through FN's multi-domain structure, can interact with collagens, matricellular proteins, and growth factors to build a definitive matrix. FN also has heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) binding sites. Using HS-deficient CHO cells, we show that the addition of soluble heparin significantly increased the amount of FN matrix that these cells assemble. Sulfated HS glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mimetics similarly increased FN assembly and demonstrated a dependence on GAG sulfation. The length of the heparin chains also plays a role in assembly. Chains of sufficient length to bind to two FN molecules gave maximal stimulation of assembly whereas shorter heparin had less of an effect. Using a decellularized fibroblast matrix for proteolysis, detergent fractionation, and mass spectrometry, we found that the predominant domain within insoluble fibril fragments is FN's major heparin-binding domain HepII (modules III12-14). Multiple HepII domains bind simultaneously to a single heparin chain in size exclusion chromatography analyses. We propose a model in which heparin/HS binding to the HepII domain connects multiple FNs together to facilitate the formation of protein interactions for insoluble fibril assembly.
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24
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Abstract
The ability to create cell-derived decellularized matrices in a dish gives researchers the opportunity to possess a bioactive, biocompatible material made up of fibrillar proteins and other factors that recapitulates key features of the native structure and composition of in vivo microenvironments. By using cells in a culture system to provide a natural ECM, decellularization allows for a high degree of customization through the introduction of selected proteins and soluble factors. The culture system, culture medium, cell types, and physical environments can be varied to provide specialized ECMs for wide-ranging applications to study cell-ECM signaling, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tissue engineering purposes. This chapter describes a procedure for performing a detergent and high pH-based extraction that leaves the native, cell-assembled ECM intact while removing cellular materials. We address common evaluation methods for assessing the ECM and its composition as well as potential uses for a decellularized ECM.
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25
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Fuhrmann A, Banisadr A, Beri P, Tlsty TD, Engler AJ. Metastatic State of Cancer Cells May Be Indicated by Adhesion Strength. Biophys J 2017; 112:736-745. [PMID: 28256233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells within a tumor are heterogeneous and only a small fraction are able to form secondary tumors. Universal biological markers that clearly identify potentially metastatic cells are limited, which complicates isolation and further study. However, using physical rather than biological characteristics, we have identified Mg2+- and Ca2+-mediated differences in adhesion strength between metastatic and nonmetastatic mammary epithelial cell lines, which occur over concentration ranges similar to those found in tumor stroma. Metastatic cells exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in their adhesion strength under stromal-like conditions, unlike their nonmetastatic counterparts, which exhibit Mg2+- and Ca2+-insensitive adhesion. This heterogeneity is the result of increased sensitivity to Mg2+- and Ca2+-mediated focal adhesion disassembly in metastatic cells, rather than changes in integrin expression or focal adhesion phosphorylation. Strongly adherent metastatic cells exhibit less migratory behavior, similar to nonmetastatic cell lines but contrary to the unselected metastatic cell population. Adhesion strength heterogeneity was observed across multiple cancer cell lines as well as isogenically, suggesting that adhesion strength may serve as a general marker of metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fuhrmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Afsheen Banisadr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pranjali Beri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Thea D Tlsty
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California.
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26
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Mao Y, Hoffman T, Wu A, Goyal R, Kohn J. Cell type-specific extracellular matrix guided the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D polymeric scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:100. [PMID: 28534283 PMCID: PMC5440495 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tissue microenvironment has profound effects on tissue-specific regeneration. The 3-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) niche influences the linage-specific differentiation of stem cells in tissue. To understand how ECM guides tissue-specific regeneration, we established a series of 3D composite scaffolds containing ECMs derived from different primary cells isolated from a single animal species and assessed their impact on the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Synthetic microfiber scaffolds (fiber mats) were fabricated by electrospinning tyrosine-derived polycarbonates (pDTEC). The bovine primary fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteoblasts cultured on the fiber mats produced and assembled their ECMs, infiltrating the pores of the fibrous scaffold. The composite scaffolds were decellularized to remove cellular components, preserve ECM and minimally affect polymer integrity. Characterization of the ECMs derived from different primary cells in the composite scaffolds showed overlapping but distinct compositions. The chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on the different composite scaffolds were compared. Our results showed that ECM derived from chondrocytes cultured in synthetic fiber mats promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC in the presence or absence of soluble inducing factors. ECM derived from co-culture of osteoblasts and chondrocytes promoted osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs better than ECM derived from chondrocytes. This study demonstrated that decellularized ECMs derived from different cell types formed within synthetic fiber scaffolds guide the tissue-specific differentiation of hMSCs. These composite scaffolds may be developed into models to study the mechanisms of ECM-induced tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mao
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Amy Wu
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ritu Goyal
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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27
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Goyal R, Vega ME, Pastino AK, Singh S, Guvendiren M, Kohn J, Murthy NS, Schwarzbauer JE. Development of hybrid scaffolds with natural extracellular matrix deposited within synthetic polymeric fibers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2162-2170. [PMID: 28371271 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge of tissue engineering is to generate materials that combine bioactivity with stability in a form that captures the robust nature of native tissues. Here we describe a procedure to fabricate a novel hybrid extracellular matrix (ECM)-synthetic scaffold biomaterial by cell-mediated deposition of ECM within an electrospun fiber mat. Synthetic polymer fiber mats were fabricated using poly(desamino tyrosyl-tyrosine carbonate) (PDTEC) co-spun with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) used as a sacrificial polymer. PEG removal increased the overall mat porosity and produced a mat with a layered structure that could be peeled into separate sheets of about 50 μm in thickness. Individual layers had pore sizes and wettability that facilitated cell infiltration over the depth of the scaffold. Confocal microscopy showed the formation of a highly interpenetrated network of cells, fibronectin fibrils, and synthetic fibers mimicking a complex ECM as observed within tissues. Decellularization did not perturb the structure of the matrix or the fiber mat. The resulting hybrid ECM-scaffold promoted cell adhesion and spreading and stimulated new ECM assembly by stem cells and tumor cells. These results identify a new technique for fabricating highly porous synthetic fibrous scaffolds and an approach to supplement them with natural biomimetic cues. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2162-2170, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Goyal
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854-8009
| | - Maria E Vega
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544-1014
| | - Alexandra K Pastino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544-1014
| | - Shivani Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544-1014
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854-8009.,Otto H. York Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854-8009
| | - N Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854-8009
| | - Jean E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544-1014
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Optimization of Polymer-ECM Composite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Effect of Cells and Culture Conditions on Polymeric Nanofiber Mats. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8010001. [PMID: 28085047 PMCID: PMC5371874 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of composite tissue scaffolds containing an extracellular matrix (ECM) and synthetic polymer fibers is a new approach to create bioactive scaffolds that can enhance cell function. Currently, studies investigating the effects of ECM-deposition and decellularization on polymer degradation are still lacking, as are data on optimizing the stability of the ECM-containing composite scaffolds during prolonged cell culture. In this study, we develop fibrous scaffolds using three polymer compositions, representing slow (E0000), medium (E0500), and fast (E1000) degrading materials, to investigate the stability, degradation, and mechanics of the scaffolds during ECM deposition and decellularization, and during the complete cellularization-decell-recell cycle. We report data on percent molecular weight (% Mw) retention of polymeric fiber mats, changes in scaffold stiffness, ECM deposition, and the presence of fibronectin after decellularization. We concluded that the fast degrading E1000 (Mw retention ≤ 50% after 28 days) was not sufficiently stable to allow scaffold handling after 28 days in culture, while the slow degradation of E0000 (Mw retention ≥ 80% in 28 days) did not allow deposited ECM to replace the polymer support. The scaffolds made from medium degrading E0500 (Mw retention about 60% at 28 days) allowed the gradual replacement of the polymer network with cell-derived ECM while maintaining the polymer network support. Thus, polymers with an intermediate rate of degradation, maintaining good scaffold handling properties after 28 days in culture, seem best suited for creating ECM-polymer composite scaffolds.
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Abstract
Retinal fibrosis, characterized by dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition by retinal endothelial cells, pigment epithelial cells, and other resident cell-types, is a unifying feature of several common retinal diseases. Fibronectin is an early constituent of newly deposited ECM and serves as a template for assembly of other ECM proteins, including collagens. Under physiologic conditions, fibronectin is found in all layers of Bruch's membrane. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), a complication of retinal surgery, is characterized by ECM accumulation. Among the earliest histologic manifestations of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is capillary basement membrane thickening, which occurs due to perturbations in ECM homeostasis. Neovascularization, the hallmark of late stage DR as well as exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), involves ECM assembly as a scaffold for the aberrant new vessel architecture. Rodent models of retinal injury demonstrate a key role for fibronectin in complications characteristic of PVR, including retinal detachment. In mouse models of DR, reducing fibronectin gene expression has been shown to arrest the accumulation of ECM in the capillary basement membrane. Alterations in matrix metalloproteinase activity thought to be important in the pathogenesis of AMD impact the turnover of fibronectin matrix as well as collagens. Growth factors involved in PVR, AMD, and DR, such as PDGF and TGFβ, are known to stimulate fibronectin matrix assembly. A deeper understanding of how pathologic ECM deposition contributes to disease progression may help to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA
| | - Greg Budoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA
| | - Jonathan L Prenner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA
- NJ Retina, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-2066, USA
| | - Jean E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
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30
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Mou Y, Lv S, Xiong F, Han Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Gu N, Zhou J. Effects of different doses of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid-modified Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles on intercalated discs in engineered cardiac tissues. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 106:121-130. [PMID: 27889952 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although iron oxide nanoparticles (IRONs) were applied in clinical magnetic resonance imaging in vivo and magnetic tissue engineering in vitro widely, the underlying effects of IRONs on the development of cardiomyocytes especially the intercellular junctions, intercalated discs (IDs), remain an unknown issue. Given the critical role of three-dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) in evaluation of nanoparticles toxicology, it remained necessary to understand the effects of IRONs on IDs assembly of cardiomyocytes in 3D environment. In this study, we first reconstituted collagen/Matrigel based ECTs in vitro and prepared IRONs with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA-IRONs). We found that the internalization of DMSA-IRONs by cardiac cells in dose-dependent manner was not associated with the cell distribution in 3D environment by determination of Prussian blue staining and transmission electronic microscopy. Significantly, through determination of western blotting and immunofluorescence of connexin 43, N-cadherin, desmoplakin, and plakoglobin, DMSA-IRONs enhanced the assembly of gap junctions, decreased mechanical junctions (adherens junctions and desmosomes) of cardiac cells but not in dose-dependent manner in ECTs at seventh day. In addition, DMSA-IRONs increased the vesicles secretion of cardiac cells in ECTs apparently compared to control groups. Overall, we conclude that the internalization of DMSA-IRONs by cardiac cells in dose-dependent manner enhanced the assembly of electrochemical junctions and decreased the mechanical related microstructures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 121-130, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Mou
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghong Lv
- Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Han
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Dhaliwal A, Brenner M, Wolujewicz P, Zhang Z, Mao Y, Batish M, Kohn J, Moghe PV. Profiling stem cell states in three-dimensional biomaterial niches using high content image informatics. Acta Biomater 2016; 45:98-109. [PMID: 27590870 PMCID: PMC5262522 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A predictive framework for the evolution of stem cell biology in 3-D is currently lacking. In this study we propose deep image informatics of the nuclear biology of stem cells to elucidate how 3-D biomaterials steer stem cell lineage phenotypes. The approach is based on high content imaging informatics to capture minute variations in the 3-D spatial organization of splicing factor SC-35 in the nucleoplasm as a marker to classify emergent cell phenotypes of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The cells were cultured in varied 3-D culture systems including hydrogels, electrospun mats and salt leached scaffolds. The approach encompasses high resolution 3-D imaging of SC-35 domains and high content image analysis (HCIA) to compute quantitative 3-D nuclear metrics for SC-35 organization in single cells in concert with machine learning approaches to construct a predictive cell-state classification model. Our findings indicate that hMSCs cultured in collagen hydrogels and induced to differentiate into osteogenic or adipogenic lineages could be classified into the three lineages (stem, adipogenic, osteogenic) with ⩾80% precision and sensitivity, within 72h. Using this framework, the augmentation of osteogenesis by scaffold design exerted by porogen leached scaffolds was also profiled within 72h with ∼80% high sensitivity. Furthermore, by employing 3-D SC-35 organizational metrics, differential osteogenesis induced by novel electrospun fibrous polymer mats incorporating decellularized matrix could also be elucidated and predictably modeled at just 3days with high precision. We demonstrate that 3-D SC-35 organizational metrics can be applied to model the stem cell state in 3-D scaffolds. We propose that this methodology can robustly discern minute changes in stem cell states within complex 3-D architectures and map single cell biological readouts that are critical to assessing population level cell heterogeneity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The sustained development and validation of bioactive materials relies on technologies that can sensitively discern cell response dynamics to biomaterials, while capturing cell-to-cell heterogeneity and preserving cellular native phenotypes. In this study, we illustrate the application of a novel high content image informatics platform to classify emergent human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) phenotypes in a diverse range of 3-D biomaterial scaffolds with high sensitivity and precision, and track cell responses to varied external stimuli. A major in silico innovation is the proposed image profiling technology based on unique three dimensional textural signatures of a mechanoreporter protein within the nuclei of stem cells cultured in 3-D scaffolds. This technology will accelerate the pace of high-fidelity biomaterial screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandika Dhaliwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Paul Wolujewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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32
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Clements LE, Garvican ER, Dudhia J, Smith RKW. Modulation of mesenchymal stem cell genotype and phenotype by extracellular matrix proteins. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:443-453. [PMID: 27448620 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1215442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and tendon-derived cells (TDCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs and TDCs, cultured in a monolayer (2D) or hydrogels (3D), with or without ECM protein supplementation, and on a non-viable native tendon (NNT) matrix were assayed for adhesion, proliferation, gene expression, and integrin expression. RESULTS MSCs exhibited a fibroblastic, spindle-shaped morphology on 2D matrices except in the presence of fibronectin. In 3D matrices, MSCs displayed a rounded phenotype except when cultured on NNTs where cells aligned along the collagen fibrils but, unlike TDCs, did not form inter-cellular cytoplasmic processes. MSC proliferation was significantly (p < 0.01) increased by collagen type I in 2D culture and fibronectin in 3D culture. TDC proliferation was unaffected by substrata. MSCs and TDCs differentially expressed α2 integrin. Adhesion to substrata was reduced by RGD-blocking peptide and β1 integrin antibody. The presence of collagen I or fibronectin upregulated MSC expression of collagen type I and collagen type III, COMP, decorin, osteopontin, and fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS The morphology, gene expression, and adhesion of both MSCs and TDCs are sensitive to the presence of specific ECM components. Interaction with the ECM is, therefore, likely to affect the mechanism of action of MSCs in vitro and may contribute to phenotypic modulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Clements
- a Department Clinical Sciences and Services , Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield , UK
| | - Elaine R Garvican
- a Department Clinical Sciences and Services , Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield , UK
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- a Department Clinical Sciences and Services , Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield , UK
| | - Roger K W Smith
- a Department Clinical Sciences and Services , Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield , UK
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A Novel Reticular Dermal Graft Leverages Architectural and Biological Properties to Support Wound Repair. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2016; 4:e1065. [PMID: 27826469 PMCID: PMC5096524 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are frequently used in reconstructive surgery and as scaffolds to treat chronic wounds. The 3-dimensional architecture and extracellular matrix provide structural and signaling cues for repair and remodeling. However, most ADMs are not uniformly porous, which can lead to heterogeneous host engraftment. In this study, we hypothesized that a novel human reticular ADM (HR-ADM; AlloPatch Pliable, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, N.J.) when aseptically processed would have a more open uniform structure with retention of biological components known to facilitate wound healing. Methods: The reticular and papillary layers were compared through histology and scanning electron microscopy. Biomechanical properties were assessed through tensile testing. The impact of aseptic processing was evaluated by comparing unprocessed with processed reticular grafts. In vitro cell culture on fibroblasts and endothelial cells were performed to showcase functional cell activities on HR-ADMs. Results: Aseptically processed HR-ADMs have an open, interconnected uniform scaffold with preserved collagens, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, and hyaluronic acid. HR-ADMs had significantly lower ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus versus the papillary layer, with a higher percentage elongation at break, providing graft flexibility. These preserved biological components facilitated fibroblast and endothelial cell attachment, cell infiltration, and new matrix synthesis (collagen IV, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor), which support granulation and angiogenic activities. Conclusions: The novel HR-ADMs provide an open, interconnected scaffold with native dermal mechanical and biological properties. Furthermore, aseptic processing retains key extracellular matrix elements in an organized framework and supports functional activities of fibroblasts and endothelial cells.
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Harris GM, Madigan NN, Lancaster KZ, Enquist LW, Windebank AJ, Schwartz J, Schwarzbauer JE. Nerve Guidance by a Decellularized Fibroblast Extracellular Matrix. Matrix Biol 2016; 60-61:176-189. [PMID: 27641621 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries require the regeneration of nerve fibers across the lesion site for successful recovery. Providing guidance cues and soluble factors to promote neurite outgrowth and cell survival can enhance repair. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in tissue repair by controlling cell adhesion, motility, and growth. In this study, we explored the ability of a mesenchymal ECM to support neurite outgrowth from neurons in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Length and morphology of neurites extended on a decellularized fibroblast ECM were compared to those on substrates coated with laminin, a major ECM protein in neural tissue, or fibronectin, the main component of a mesenchymal ECM. Average radial neurite extension was equivalent on laminin and on the decellularized ECM, but contrasted with the shorter, curved neurites observed on the fibronectin substrate. Differences between neurites on fibronectin and on other substrates were confirmed by fast Fourier transform analyses. To control the direction of neurite outgrowth, we developed an ECM with linearly aligned fibril organization by orienting the fibroblasts that deposit the matrix on a polymeric surface micropatterned with a striped chemical interface. Neurites projected from SCGs appeared to reorient in the direction of the pattern. These results highlight the ability of a mesenchymal ECM to enhance neurite extension and to control the directional outgrowth of neurites. This micropatterned decellularized ECM architecture has potential as a regenerative microenvironment for nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Harris
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Karen Z Lancaster
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Lynn W Enquist
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Jeffrey Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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35
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Pastino AK, Greco TM, Mathias RA, Cristea IM, Schwarzbauer JE. Stimulatory effects of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on fibronectin matrix assembly. Matrix Biol 2016; 59:39-53. [PMID: 27425255 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds that form via non-enzymatic glycation of proteins throughout our lifespan and at a higher rate in certain chronic diseases such as diabetes. AGEs contribute to the progression of fibrosis, in part by stimulating cellular pathways that affect gene expression. Long-lived ECM proteins are targets for non-enzymatic glycation but the question of whether the AGE-modified ECM leads to excess ECM accumulation and fibrosis remains unanswered. In this study, cellular changes due to AGE accretion in the ECM were investigated. Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins in a decellularized fibroblast ECM was achieved by incubating the ECM in a solution of methylglyoxal (MGO). Mass spectrometry of fibronectin (FN) isolated from the glycated matrix identified twenty-eight previously unidentified MGO-derived AGE modification sites including functional sites such as the RGD integrin-binding sequence. Mesangial cells grown on the glycated, decellularized matrix assembled increased amounts of FN matrix. Soluble AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) also stimulated FN matrix assembly and this effect was reduced by function-blocking antibodies against the receptor for AGE (RAGE). These results indicate that cells respond to AGEs by increasing matrix assembly and that RAGE is involved in this response. This raises the possibility that the accumulation of ECM during the progression of fibrosis may be enhanced by cell interactions with AGEs on a glycated ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Pastino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Rommel A Mathias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Jean E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA.
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36
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Zeng X, Ma YH, Chen YF, Qiu XC, Wu JL, Ling EA, Zeng YS. Autocrine fibronectin from differentiating mesenchymal stem cells induces the neurite elongation in vitro and promotes nerve fiber regeneration in transected spinal cord injury. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1902-11. [PMID: 26991461 PMCID: PMC5101622 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) expression is temporally and spatially regulated during the development of stem cells. We reported previously that fibronectin (FN) secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was deposited on the surface of gelatin sponge (GS) soon after culture. In this study, we aimed to assess the function of accumulated FN on neuronal differentiating MSCs as induced by Schwann cells (SCs) in three dimensional transwell co‐culture system. The expression pattern and amount of FN of differentiating MSCs was examined by immunofluorescence, Western blot and immunoelectron microscopy. The results showed that FN accumulated inside GS scaffold, although its mRNA expression in MSCs was progressively decreased during neural induction. MSC‐derived neuron‐like cells showed spindle‐shaped cell body and long extending processes on FN‐decorated scaffold surface. However, after blocking of FN function by application of monoclonal antibodies, neuron‐like cells showed flattened cell body with short and thick neurites, together with decreased expression of integrin β1. In vivo transplantation study revealed that autocrine FN significantly facilitated endogenous nerve fiber regeneration in spinal cord transection model. Taken together, the present results showed that FN secreted by MSCs in the early stage accumulated on the GS scaffold and promoted the neurite elongation of neuronal differentiating MSCs as well as nerve fiber regeneration after spinal cord injury. This suggests that autocrine FN has a dynamic influence on MSCs in a three dimensional culture system and its potential application for treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1902–1911, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue-Cheng Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jin-Lang Wu
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu, 226019, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a tissue-specific macromolecular structure that provides physical support to tissues and is essential for normal organ function. In the lung, ECM plays an active role in shaping cell behavior both in health and disease by virtue of the contextual clues it imparts to cells. Qualities including dimensionality, molecular composition, and intrinsic stiffness all promote normal function of the lung ECM. Alterations in composition and/or modulation of stiffness of the focally injured or diseased lung ECM microenvironment plays a part in reparative processes performed by fibroblasts. Under conditions of remodeling or in disease states, inhomogeneous stiffening (or softening) of the pathologic ECM may both precede modifications in cell behavior and be a result of disease progression. The ability of ECM to stimulate further ECM production by fibroblasts and drive disease progression has potentially significant implications for mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies; in the setting of pathologic ECM stiffness or composition, the therapeutic intent of progenitor cells may be subverted. Taken together, current data suggest that lung ECM actively contributes to health and disease; thus, mediators of cell-ECM signaling or factors that influence ECM stiffness may represent viable therapeutic targets in many lung disorders.
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Salo T, Sutinen M, Hoque Apu E, Sundquist E, Cervigne NK, de Oliveira CE, Akram SU, Ohlmeier S, Suomi F, Eklund L, Juusela P, Åström P, Bitu CC, Santala M, Savolainen K, Korvala J, Paes Leme AF, Coletta RD. A novel human leiomyoma tissue derived matrix for cell culture studies. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:981. [PMID: 26673244 PMCID: PMC4682271 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The composition of the matrix molecules is important in in vitro cell culture experiments of e.g. human cancer invasion and vessel formation. Currently, the mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma -derived products, such as Matrigel®, are the most commonly used tumor microenvironment (TME) mimicking matrices for experimental studies. However, since Matrigel® is non-human in origin, its molecular composition does not accurately simulate human TME. We have previously described a solid 3D organotypic myoma disc invasion assay, which is derived from human uterus benign leiomyoma tumor. Here, we describe the preparation and analyses of a processed, gelatinous leiomyoma matrix, named Myogel. Methods A total protein extract, Myogel, was formulated from myoma. The protein contents of Myogel were characterized and its composition and properties compared with a commercial mouse Matrigel®. Myogel was tested and compared to Matrigel® in human cell adhesion, migration, invasion, colony formation, spheroid culture and vessel formation experiments, as well as in a 3D hanging drop video image analysis. Results We demonstrated that only 34 % of Myogel’s molecular content was similar to Matrigel®. All test results showed that Myogel was comparable with Matrigel®, and when mixed with low-melting agarose (Myogel-LMA) it was superior to Matrigel® in in vitro Transwell® invasion and capillary formation assays. Conclusions In conclusion, we have developed a novel Myogel TME matrix, which is recommended for in vitro human cell culture experiments since it closely mimics the human tumor microenvironment of solid cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1944-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Meeri Sutinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Elias Sundquist
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Nilva K Cervigne
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, São Paulo, SP-13202-550, Brazil. .,Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP-13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Carine Ervolino de Oliveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP-13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Saad Ullah Akram
- Center for Machine Vision Research, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Steffen Ohlmeier
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Fumi Suomi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Pirjo Juusela
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pirjo Åström
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Carolina Cavalcante Bitu
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Markku Santala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Kalle Savolainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Johanna Korvala
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | | | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP-13414-903, Brazil.
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Cell type-specific adaptation of cellular and nuclear volume in micro-engineered 3D environments. Biomaterials 2015; 69:121-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Taylor SH, Yeung CYC, Kalson NS, Lu Y, Zigrino P, Starborg T, Warwood S, Holmes DF, Canty-Laird EG, Mauch C, Kadler KE. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 is required for fibrous tissue expansion. eLife 2015; 4:e09345. [PMID: 26390284 PMCID: PMC4684142 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen-containing fibrils are major structural components of the extracellular matrix of vertebrate tissues, especially tendon, but how they are formed is not fully understood. MMP14 is a potent pericellular collagenase that can cleave type I collagen in vitro. In this study, we show that tendon development is arrested in Scleraxis-Cre::Mmp14 lox/lox mice that are unable to release collagen fibrils from plasma membrane fibripositors. In contrast to its role in collagen turnover in adult tissue, MMP14 promotes embryonic tissue formation by releasing collagen fibrils from the cell surface. Notably, the tendons grow to normal size and collagen fibril release from fibripositors occurs in Col-r/r mice that have a mutated collagen-I that is uncleavable by MMPs. Furthermore, fibronectin (not collagen-I) accumulates in the tendons of Mmp14-null mice. We propose a model for cell-regulated collagen fibril assembly during tendon development in which MMP14 cleaves a molecular bridge tethering collagen fibrils to the plasma membrane of fibripositors. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09345.001 A scaffold of proteins called the extracellular matrix surrounds each of the cells that make up our organs and tissues. This matrix, which contains fibres made of proteins called collagens, provides the physical support needed to hold organs and tissues together. This support is especially important in the tendons—a tough tissue that connects the muscle to bone—and other ‘connective’ tissues. An enzyme called MMP14 is able to cut through chains of collagen proteins. It belongs to a family of proteins that are involved in breaking down the extracellular matrix to enable cells to divide and for other important processes in cells. Some cancer cells exploit MMP14 to enable them to leave their tissue of origin and spread around the body. Therefore, when researchers bred mutant mice that lacked MMP14, they expected to see excessive growth of collagen fibres in the connective tissues of the mice. However, these mice actually have extremely thin, fragile connective tissue and die soon after birth. Earlier in 2015, a group of researchers demonstrated that the first stage of tendon development in mice involves the formation of collagen fibres, which are attached to structures that project from tendon cells called fibripositors. Then, soon after the mice are born, the fibripositors disappear and the collagen fibres are released into the extracellular matrix where they grow longer and become thicker. Now, Taylor, Yeung, Kalson et al.—including some of the researchers from the earlier work—have used electron microscopy to investigate how a lack of MMP14 leads to fragile tendons in young mice. The experiments show that MMP14 plays a crucial role in the first stage of tendon development by detaching the collagen fibres from the fibripositors. MMP14 also promotes the formation of new collagen fibres; the tendons of mutant mice that lack MMP14 have fewer collagen fibres than normal mice. Further experiments revealed that the release of collagen fibres from fibripositors does not require MMP14 to cleave the chains of collagen proteins themselves. Instead, it appears that MMP14 cleaves another protein that is associated with the fibres, called fibronectin. Taylor, Yeung, Kalson et al.'s findings show that MMP14 plays an important role in the development of tendons by releasing collagen fibres from fibripositors and promoting the formation of new fibres. The next challenge is to find out how MMP14 regulates the number of collagen fibres in mature tendons and other tissues, and how defects in this enzyme can lead to cancer and other diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09345.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ching-Yan Chloé Yeung
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas S Kalson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yinhui Lu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Starborg
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David F Holmes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth G Canty-Laird
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl E Kadler
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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41
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Ballester-Beltrán J, Lebourg M, Salmerón-Sánchez M. Sandwich-like Microenvironments to Harness Cell/Material Interactions. J Vis Exp 2015:e53090. [PMID: 26274867 PMCID: PMC4545160 DOI: 10.3791/53090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture has been traditionally carried out on bi-dimensional (2D) substrates where cells adhere using ventral receptors to the biomaterial surface. However in vivo, most of the cells are completely surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in a three-dimensional (3D) distribution of receptors. This may trigger differences in the outside-in signaling pathways and thus in cell behavior. This article shows that stimulating the dorsal receptors of cells already adhered to a 2D substrate by overlaying a film of a new material (a sandwich-like culture) triggers important changes with respect to standard 2D cultures. Furthermore, the simultaneous excitation of ventral and dorsal receptors shifts cell behavior closer to that found in 3D environments. Additionally, due to the nature of the system, a sandwich-like culture is a versatile tool that allows the study of different parameters in cell/material interactions, e.g., topography, stiffness and different protein coatings at both the ventral and dorsal sides. Finally, since sandwich-like cultures are based on 2D substrates, several analysis procedures already developed for standard 2D cultures can be used normally, overcoming more complex procedures needed for 3D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ballester-Beltrán
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València; Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow
| | - Myriam Lebourg
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
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42
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Taylor-Weiner H, Ravi N, Engler AJ. Traction forces mediated by integrin signaling are necessary for definitive endoderm specification. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1961-8. [PMID: 25908864 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.166157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exert low-traction forces on their niche in vitro whereas specification to definitive endoderm in vivo coincides with force-mediated motility, suggesting a differentiation-mediated switch. However, the onset of contractility and extent to which force-mediated integrin signaling regulates fate choices is not understood. To address the requirement of tractions forces for differentiation, we examined mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) specification towards definitive endoderm on fibrillar fibronectin containing a deformation-sensitive FRET probe. Inhibiting contractility resulted in an increase in the observed fibronectin FRET intensity ratio but also decreased the amount of phosphorylated nuclear SMAD2, leading to reduced expression of the definitive endoderm marker SOX17. By contrast ESCs maintained in pluripotency medium did not exert significant tractions against the fibronectin matrix. When laminin-111 was added to fibrillar matrices to improve the efficiency of definitive endoderm induction, ESCs decreased their fibronectin traction forces in a laminin-dependent manner; blocking the laminin-binding α3-integrin restored fibronectin matrix deformation and reduced SOX17 expression and SMAD2 phosphorylation, probably because of compensation of inhibitory signaling from SMAD7 after 5 days in culture. These data imply that traction forces and integrin signaling are important regulators of early fate decisions in ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermes Taylor-Weiner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Neeraja Ravi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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43
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Stanton MM, Lambert CR. A thermoresponsive, micro-roughened cell culture surface. Acta Biomater 2015; 15:11-9. [PMID: 25523874 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface topography has been shown to play a major role in cell behavior, but has yet to be seriously exploited in the field of cell surface engineering. In the present work, surface roughness has been used in combination with the thermoresponsive polymer polyisopropylacrylamide (PIPAAm) to generate cell sheets with tailored biochemical properties. Micro-roughened polystyrene (PS) with 1.5-5.5 μm features was derivatized with PIPAAm to form a cell culture surface for the growth of human fibroblast cell sheets that exhibit a modified cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts cell sheets cultured on the rough surfaces had fewer actin stress fibers and twice the average fibronectin (FN) fibril formation when compared to cell sheets on flat substrates. The cell sheets harvested from the roughened PS were collected after only 2 days of culture and detached from the PIPAAm grafted surface in <1h after cooling the culture system. The simple and rapid method for generating cell sheets with increased FN fibril formation has applications in tissue grafts or wound repair and has demonstrated that the thermoresponsive surface can be used for reliable cell sheet formation.
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44
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Ballester-Beltrán J, Lebourg M, Rico P, Salmerón-Sánchez M. Cell migration within confined sandwich-like nanoenvironments. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:815-28. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We introduced sandwich-like culture as a tool to engineer the cellular nanoenvironment by tuning protein presentation and activation of dorsal and ventral receptors. We aim at studying cell migration under more similar conditions to the 3D physiological one. Materials & methods: We have investigated different nanoenvironments by changing the protein coating and using materials that adsorb proteins in different conformation, seeking to show their specific role in cell migration. Results: Cell migration within sandwich cultures greatly differs from 2D cultures, shares some similarities with migration within 3D environments and is highly dependent on the protein nanoenvironment. Beyond differences in cell morphology and migration, dorsal stimulation promotes cell remodeling of the extracellular matrix over simple ventral receptor activation in traditional 2D cultures. Conclusion: Local(nano) stimulation of dorsal and ventral receptors within sandwich cultures alter cell migration in comparison to standard 2D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ballester-Beltrán
- Center for Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Myriam Lebourg
- Center for Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales & Nanomedicina, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Patricia Rico
- Center for Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales & Nanomedicina, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
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45
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Murphy NP, Lampe KJ. Mimicking biological phenomena in hydrogel-based biomaterials to promote dynamic cellular responses. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7867-7880. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel methods to endow cell-responsiveness into hydrogels are explored and successful work is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Kyle J. Lampe
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
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46
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Soucy PA, Hoh M, Heinz W, Hoh J, Romer L. Oriented matrix promotes directional tubulogenesis. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:264-73. [PMID: 25219769 PMCID: PMC4256113 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Detailed control over the structural organization of scaffolds and engineered tissue constructs is a critical need in the quest to engineer functional tissues using biomaterials. This work presents a new approach to spatially direct endothelial tubulogenesis. Micropatterned fibronectin substrates were used to control lung fibroblast adhesion and growth and the subsequent deposition of fibroblast-derived matrix during culture. The fibroblast-derived matrix produced on the micropatterned substrates was tightly oriented by these patterns, with an average variation of only 8.5°. Further, regions of this oriented extracellular matrix provided directional control of developing endothelial tubes to within 10° of the original micropatterned substrate design. Endothelial cells seeded directly onto the micropatterned substrate did not form tubes. A metric for matrix anisotropy showed a relationship between the fibroblast-derived matrix and the endothelial tubes that were subsequently developed on the same micropatterns with a resulting aspect ratio over 1.5 for endothelial tubulogenesis. Micropatterns in "L" and "Y" shapes were used to direct endothelial tubes to turn and branch with the same level of precision. These data demonstrate that anisotropic fibroblast-derived matrices instruct the alignment and shape of endothelial tube networks, thereby introducing an approach that could be adapted for future design of microvascular implants featuring organ-specific natural matrix that patterns microvascular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Soucy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Maria Hoh
- Intelligent Substrates, Inc., Sykesville, MD, USA
| | - Will Heinz
- Intelligent Substrates, Inc., Sykesville, MD, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jan Hoh
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lewis Romer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Cell Biology, and Pediatrics, and the Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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47
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Tumor bioengineering using a transglutaminase crosslinked hydrogel. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105616. [PMID: 25133673 PMCID: PMC4136878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a physiologically relevant 3D model system for cancer research and drug development is a current challenge. We have adopted a 3D culture system based on a transglutaminase-crosslinked gelatin gel (Col-Tgel) to mimic the tumor 3D microenvironment. The system has several unique advantages over other alternatives including presenting cell-matrix interaction sites from collagen-derived peptides, geometry-initiated multicellular tumor spheroids, and metabolic gradients in the tumor microenvironment. Also it provides a controllable wide spectrum of gel stiffness for mechanical signals, and technical compatibility with imaging based screening due to its transparent properties. In addition, the Col-Tgel provides a cure-in-situ delivery vehicle for tumor xenograft formation in animals enhancing tumor cell uptake rate. Overall, this distinctive 3D system could offer a platform to more accurately mimic in vivo situations to study tumor formation and progression both in vitro and in vivo.
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48
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Magruder HT, Quinn JA, Schwartzbauer JE, Reichner J, Huang A, Filardo EJ. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1, GPER-1, promotes fibrillogenesis via a Shc-dependent pathway resulting in anchorage-independent growth. Discov Oncol 2014; 5:390-404. [PMID: 25096985 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-014-0195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1, GPER-1, coordinates fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly and release of heparan-bound epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF). This mechanism of action results in the recruitment of FN-engaged integrin α5β1 to fibrillar adhesions and the formation of integrin α5β1-Shc adaptor protein complexes. Here, we show that GPER-1 stimulation of murine 4 T1 or human SKBR3 breast cancer cells with 17β-estradiol (E2β) promotes the formation of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers and results in increased cellular adhesion and haptotaxis on FN, but not collagen. These actions are also induced by the xenoestrogen, bisphenol A, and the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, ICI 182, 780, but not the inactive stereoisomer, 17α-estradiol (E2α). In addition, we show that GPER-1 stimulation of breast cancer cells allows for FN-dependent, anchorage-independent growth and FN fibril formation in "hanging drop" assays, indicating that these GPER-1-mediated actions occur independently of adhesion to solid substrata. Stable expression of Shc mutant Y317F lacking its primary tyrosyl phosphorylation site disrupts E2β-induced focal adhesion and actin stress fiber formation and abolishes E2β-enhanced haptotaxis on FN and anchorage-dependent growth. Collectively, these data demonstrate that E2β action via GPER-1 enhances cellular adhesivity and FN matrix assembly and allows for anchorage-independent growth, cellular events that may allow for cellular survival, and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary T Magruder
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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Kelsh R, You R, Horzempa C, Zheng M, McKeown-Longo PJ. Regulation of the innate immune response by fibronectin: synergism between the III-1 and EDA domains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102974. [PMID: 25051083 PMCID: PMC4106844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a critical component of the extracellular matrix and alterations to its structure will influence cellular behavior. Matrix fibronectin is subjected to both mechanical and biochemical regulation. The Type III domains of fibronectin can be unfolded in response to increased cellular contractility, included or excluded from the molecule by alternative splicing mechanisms, or released from the matrix by proteolysis. Using Inflammatory Cytokine microarrays we found that the alternatively spliced fibronectin Type III domain, FnEDA, and the partially unfolded III-1 domain, FnIII-1c, induced the expression of a multitude of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human dermal fibroblasts, most notably CXCL1-3, IL-8 and TNF-α. FnIII-1c, a peptide representing an unfolded intermediate structure of the first Type III domain has been shown to initiate the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-NFκB-dependent release of cytokines from human dermal fibroblasts (You, et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2010). Here we demonstrate that FnIII-1c and the alternatively spliced FnEDA domain induce a TLR4 dependent activation of p38 MAP kinase and its downstream effector, MAPKAP Kinase-2 (MK-2), to regulate cytokine expression in fibroblasts. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the p38-MK-2 pathway regulates IL-8 mRNA stability. Interestingly, addition of FnIII-1c and FnEDA synergistically enhanced TLR4-dependent IL-8 release. These data indicate that Fn contains two Type III domains which can activate TLR signaling to induce an inflammatory response in fibroblasts. Furthermore, our data identifies the NF-κB and p38/MK2 signaling pathways as transducers of signals initiated in response to structural changes in fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Kelsh
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Ran You
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Carol Horzempa
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingzhe Zheng
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Miller CG, Pozzi A, Zent R, Schwarzbauer JE. Effects of high glucose on integrin activity and fibronectin matrix assembly by mesangial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2342-50. [PMID: 24943838 PMCID: PMC4142608 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-03-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant accumulation of collagen IV defines diabetic nephropathy. It is shown here that high glucose increases fibronectin matrix assembly by activating integrin receptors on kidney cells. Collagen IV accumulation depends on this fibronectin matrix. Targeting fibronectin matrix may be a useful therapy to stem matrix accumulation in the diabetic kidney. The filtration unit of the kidney is the glomerulus, a capillary network supported by mesangial cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Glomerular function is compromised in diabetic nephropathy (DN) by uncontrolled buildup of ECM, especially type IV collagen, which progressively occludes the capillaries. Increased levels of the ECM protein fibronectin (FN) are also present; however, its role in DN is unknown. Mesangial cells cultured under high glucose conditions provide a model system for studying the effect of elevated glucose on deposition of FN and collagen IV. Imaging of mesangial cell cultures and analysis of detergent-insoluble matrix show that, under high glucose conditions, mesangial cells assembled significantly more FN matrix, independent of FN protein levels. High glucose conditions induced protein kinase C–dependent β1 integrin activation, and FN assembly in normal glucose was increased by stimulation of integrin activity with Mn2+. Collagen IV incorporation into the matrix was also increased under high glucose conditions and colocalized with FN fibrils. An inhibitor of FN matrix assembly prevented collagen IV deposition, demonstrating dependence of collagen IV on FN matrix. We conclude that high glucose induces FN assembly, which contributes to collagen IV accumulation. Enhanced assembly of FN might facilitate dysregulated ECM accumulation in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Miller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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