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Affortit C, Blanc F, Nasr J, Ceccato JC, Markossian S, Guyot R, Puel JL, Flamant F, Wang J. A disease-associated mutation in thyroid hormone receptor α1 causes hearing loss and sensory hair cell patterning defects in mice. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabj4583. [PMID: 35700264 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to thyroid hormone due to mutations in THRA, which encodes the thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα1), shows variable clinical presentation. Mutations affecting TRβ1 and TRβ2 cause deafness in mice and have been associated with deafness in humans. To test whether TRα1 also affects hearing function, we used mice heterozygous for a frameshift mutation in Thra that is similar to human THRA mutations (ThraS1/+ mice) and reduces tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormone. Compared to wild-type littermates, ThraS1/+ mice showed moderate high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss as juveniles and increased age-related hearing loss. Ultrastructural examination revealed aberrant orientation of ~20% of sensory outer hair cells (OHCs), as well as increased numbers of mitochondria with fragmented morphology and autophagic vacuoles in both OHCs and auditory nerve fibers. Molecular dissection of the OHC lateral wall components revealed that the potassium ion channel Kcnq4 was aberrantly targeted to the cytoplasm of mutant OHCs. In addition, mutant cochleae showed increased oxidative stress, autophagy, and mitophagy associated with greater age-related cochlear cell damage, demonstrating that TRα1 is required for proper development of OHCs and for maintenance of OHC function. These findings suggest that patients with THRA mutations may present underdiagnosed, mild hearing loss and may be more susceptible to age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Affortit
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabian Blanc
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamal Nasr
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ceccato
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Suzy Markossian
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), INRAE USC1370, CNRS (UMR5242), ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Guyot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), INRAE USC1370, CNRS (UMR5242), ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), INRAE USC1370, CNRS (UMR5242), ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Andrade CLO, Alves CDAD, Ramos HE. Congenital Hypothyroidism and the Deleterious Effects on Auditory Function and Language Skills: A Narrative Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:671784. [PMID: 34447350 PMCID: PMC8382885 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.671784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an endocrine disease commonly found in newborns and is related to the absence or reduction of thyroid hormones (THs), which are essential for development since intrauterine life. Children with CH can develop hearing problems as THs are crucial for the auditory pathway's development and maturation. Sensory deprivations, especially in hearing disorders at early ages of development, can impair language skills, literacy, and behavioral, cognitive, social, and psychosocial development. In this review we describe clinical and molecular aspects linking CH and hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Medical School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Low Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Levels Are Associated With Annoying Tinnitus in Adult Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e408-e415. [PMID: 33710990 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid function and tinnitus. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 was used. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS A total of 1,165 participants ≥ 40 years old who were surveyed for the presence of tinnitus and underwent thyroid function tests were included. The presence of discomfort from tinnitus was defined as annoying tinnitus. The control group included participants with "no tinnitus" or "no discomfort from tinnitus." The participants were divided into the annoying tinnitus group and the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The associations of free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with annoying tinnitus were analyzed using logistic regression with complex sampling methods. Subgroup analyses were performed according to sex. RESULTS The low TSH level group had 2.35-fold greater odds of annoying tinnitus than the control group (95% confidence interval = 1.10-5.12, p = 0.027). Even in patients with a normal free thyroxine level, a low TSH level was related to 2.78-fold higher odds of annoying tinnitus (95% confidence interval = 1.21-6.38, p = 0.016). In subgroup analyses, this association was apparent in the female subgroup. The male subgroup did not show a relationship between low TSH levels and annoying tinnitus. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical hyperthyroidism was related to an increased risk of annoying tinnitus. This relationship was apparent in the female subgroup.
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Activation of KCNQ4 as a Therapeutic Strategy to Treat Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052510. [PMID: 33801540 PMCID: PMC7958948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 4 (KCNQ4) is a voltage-gated potassium channel that plays essential roles in maintaining ion homeostasis and regulating hair cell membrane potential. Reduction of the activity of the KCNQ4 channel owing to genetic mutations is responsible for nonsyndromic hearing loss, a typically late-onset, initially high-frequency loss progressing over time. In addition, variants of KCNQ4 have also been associated with noise-induced hearing loss and age-related hearing loss. Therefore, the discovery of small compounds activating or potentiating KCNQ4 is an important strategy for the curative treatment of hearing loss. In this review, we updated the current concept of the physiological role of KCNQ4 in the inner ear and the pathologic mechanism underlying the role of KCNQ4 variants with regard to hearing loss. Finally, we focused on currently developed KCNQ4 activators and their pros and cons, paving the way for the future development of specific KCNQ4 activators as a remedy for hearing loss.
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Affortit C, Casas F, Ladrech S, Ceccato JC, Bourien J, Coyat C, Puel JL, Lenoir M, Wang J. Exacerbated age-related hearing loss in mice lacking the p43 mitochondrial T3 receptor. BMC Biol 2021; 19:18. [PMID: 33526032 PMCID: PMC7852282 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), also known as presbycusis, is the most common sensory impairment seen in elderly people. However, the cochlear aging process does not affect people uniformly, suggesting that both genetic and environmental (e.g., noise, ototoxic drugs) factors and their interaction may influence the onset and severity of ARHL. Considering the potential links between thyroid hormone, mitochondrial activity, and hearing, here, we probed the role of p43, a N-terminally truncated and ligand-binding form of the nuclear receptor TRα1, in hearing function and in the maintenance of hearing during aging in p43-/- mice through complementary approaches, including in vivo electrophysiological recording, ultrastructural assessments, biochemistry, and molecular biology. RESULTS We found that the p43-/- mice exhibit no obvious hearing loss in juvenile stages, but that these mice developed a premature, and more severe, ARHL resulting from the loss of cochlear sensory outer and inner hair cells and degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons. Exacerbated ARHL in p43-/- mice was associated with the early occurrence of a drastic fall of SIRT1 expression, together with an imbalance between pro-apoptotic Bax, p53 expression, and anti-apoptotic Bcl2 expression, as well as an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory process. Finally, p43-/- mice were also more vulnerable to noise-induced hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time a requirement for p43 in the maintenance of hearing during aging and highlight the need to probe the potential link between human THRA gene polymorphisms and/or mutations and accelerated age-related deafness or some adult-onset syndromic deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Affortit
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - François Casas
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme,, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Ladrech
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ceccato
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Bourien
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Carolanne Coyat
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Lenoir
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jing Wang
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France.
- ENT Department, CHU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France.
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Age-related hearing loss pertaining to potassium ion channels in the cochlea and auditory pathway. Pflugers Arch 2020; 473:823-840. [PMID: 33336302 PMCID: PMC8076138 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most prevalent sensory deficit in the elderly and constitutes the third highest risk factor for dementia. Lifetime noise exposure, genetic predispositions for degeneration, and metabolic stress are assumed to be the major causes of ARHL. Both noise-induced and hereditary progressive hearing have been linked to decreased cell surface expression and impaired conductance of the potassium ion channel KV7.4 (KCNQ4) in outer hair cells, inspiring future therapies to maintain or prevent the decline of potassium ion channel surface expression to reduce ARHL. In concert with KV7.4 in outer hair cells, KV7.1 (KCNQ1) in the stria vascularis, calcium-activated potassium channels BK (KCNMA1) and SK2 (KCNN2) in hair cells and efferent fiber synapses, and KV3.1 (KCNC1) in the spiral ganglia and ascending auditory circuits share an upregulated expression or subcellular targeting during final differentiation at hearing onset. They also share a distinctive fragility for noise exposure and age-dependent shortfalls in energy supply required for sustained surface expression. Here, we review and discuss the possible contribution of select potassium ion channels in the cochlea and auditory pathway to ARHL. We postulate genes, proteins, or modulators that contribute to sustained ion currents or proper surface expressions of potassium channels under challenging conditions as key for future therapies of ARHL.
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Tan L, Bogush N, Naib H, Perry J, Calvert JW, Martin DIK, Graham RM, Naqvi N, Husain A. Redox activation of JNK2α2 mediates thyroid hormone-stimulated proliferation of neonatal murine cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17731. [PMID: 31776360 PMCID: PMC6881338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (mROS) are frequently associated with DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, but physiological increases in mROS serve to regulate specific cell functions. T3 is a major regulator of mROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here we show that exogenous thyroid hormone (T3) administration increases cardiomyocyte numbers in neonatal murine hearts. The mechanism involves signaling by mitochondria-generated H2O2 (mH2O2) acting via the redox sensor, peroxiredoxin-1, a thiol peroxidase with high reactivity towards H2O2 that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2α2 (JNK2α2). JNK2α2, a relatively rare member of the JNK family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphorylates c-Jun, a component of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) early response transcription factor, resulting in enhanced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression and activation of proliferative ERK1/2 signaling. This non-canonical mechanism of MAPK activation couples T3 actions on mitochondria to cell cycle activation. Although T3 is regarded as a maturation factor for cardiomyocytes, these studies identify a novel redox pathway that is permissive for T3-mediated cardiomyocyte proliferation—this because of the expression of a pro-proliferative JNK isoform that results in growth factor elaboration and ERK1/2 cell cycle activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nikolay Bogush
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hussain Naib
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Perry
- Department of Animal Resources, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David I K Martin
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Naz S, Friedman TB. Growth factor and receptor malfunctions associated with human genetic deafness. Clin Genet 2019; 97:138-155. [PMID: 31506927 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A variety of different signaling pathways are necessary for development and maintenance of the human auditory system. Normal hearing allows for the detection of soft sounds within the frequency range of 20 to 20 000 Hz, but more importantly to perceive the human voice frequency band of 250 to 6000 Hz. Loss of hearing is common, and is a clinically heterogeneous disorder that can be caused by environmental factors such as exposure to loud noise, infections and ototoxic drugs. In addition, variants of hundreds of genes have been reported to disrupt processes required for hearing. Noncoding regulatory variants and variants of additional genes necessary for hearing remain to be discovered as many individuals with inherited deafness are without a genetic diagnosis, despite the advent of whole exome sequencing. Here, we discuss in detail some of these deafness-causing variants of genes encoding a ligand or its receptor. Spotlighted in this review are three growth factor-receptor-pairs EDN3/EDNRB, HGF/MET and JAG/NOTCH, which individually are necessary for normal hearing. We also offer our perspective on unanswered questions, future challenges and potential opportunities for treatments emerging from molecular genetic and mechanistic studies of deafness due to these causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Machado GC, Oliveira de Andrade CL, da Cruz Fernandes L, Morais de Albuquerque J, Franco Magalhães LP, de Aragão Dantas Alves C. Study of cochlear function in neonates and infants with congenital hypothyroidism. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 124:203-207. [PMID: 31212168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the signal amplitudes of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) in neonates and infants diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism (HC) and verify their association with clinical and laboratory aspects. METHODS A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 22 individuals with congenital hypothyroidism and a group of 22 individuals without the disease, neonates and infants, aged 0-12 months. The TEOAE amplitudes were evaluated in both groups and compared using the Mann-Whitney test. The existence of association between TEOAE amplitudes and clinical-laboratory variables was verified through the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between TEOAE amplitudes between the two groups. There was an association between the amplitudes of TEOAE and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) in the diagnostic test. CONCLUSIONS The existence of an association between serum levels of TSH and free T4 in the diagnostic test and the amplitudes of TEOAE suggests the influence of these hormones on the auditory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Carvalho Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Caio Leônidas Oliveira de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luciene da Cruz Fernandes
- Department of Speech Therapy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Jamile Morais de Albuquerque
- Department of Speech Therapy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luan Paulo Franco Magalhães
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the State of Bahia, Street Silveira Martins, 41150000, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Crésio de Aragão Dantas Alves
- Medical School, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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de Andrade CLO, Machado GC, Magalhães LPF, Cerqueira TLDO, Fernandes LDC, Ramos HE, Alves CDAD. Cochlear dysfunction evidenced by reduction of amplitude of otoacoustic responses in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 122:12-17. [PMID: 30928865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The investigation of amplitudes of otoacoustic emissions in congenital hypothyroidism can provide information on cochlear function with more sensibility, when compared to other methods of auditory evaluation. AIM To investigate cochlear function through the amplitude of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in individuals with congenital hypothyroidism and to correlate with clinical aspects. METHODS An exploratory, analytical, cross-sectional study with a convenience sample, composed of 50 individuals with congenital hypothyroidism and a group of 42 individuals without the disease, mean age of 8.4 (±3.1) years. The subjects of the research were evaluated by means of tonal and speech audiometry, immittance and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Continuous variables were described as mean or median and standard deviation. The Spearman test evaluated the correlations between the variables. RESULTS Otoacoustic emission amplitudes were significantly reduced in the exposed group, with congenital hypothyroidism, when compared to the group of individuals without the disease, especially in the medium frequencies. The Spearman test showed a slight correlation between the amplitude values of the otoacoustic emissions of some frequencies and the variables: disease time, diagnostic age, irregular serum free thyroxine hormone levels and thyroid stimulating hormone, especially in the condition of less treatment, whose correlation was negative. CONCLUSION There was a correlation between the levels of signal amplitudes of otoacoustic emissions with clinical conditions and hormonal follow-up, suggesting probable subclinical auditory impairment in this population, as well as influence of some clinical aspects of congenital hypothyroidism on auditory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Leônidas Oliveira de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Life Sciences, University of the State of Bahia, Street Silveira Martins, Zipe Code: 41150000, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luan Paulo Franco Magalhães
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Taíse Lima de Oliveira Cerqueira
- Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luciene da Cruz Fernandes
- Department of Speech Therapy, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Department of Bioregulation, Health & Sciences Institute, Federal University Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Crésio de Aragão Dantas Alves
- Medical School, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Carignano C, Barila EP, Rías EI, Dionisio L, Aztiria E, Spitzmaul G. Inner Hair Cell and Neuron Degeneration Contribute to Hearing Loss in a DFNA2-Like Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2019; 410:202-216. [PMID: 31102762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DFNA2 is a progressive deafness caused by mutations in the voltage-activated potassium channel KCNQ4. Hearing loss develops with age from a mild increase in the hearing threshold to profound deafness. Studies using transgenic mice for Kcnq4 expressed in a mixed background demonstrated the implication of outer hair cells at the initial phase. However, it could not explain the last phase mechanisms of the disease. Genetic backgrounds are known to influence disease expressivity. To unmask the cause of profound deafness phenotype, we backcrossed the Kcnq4 knock-out allele to the inbred strain C3H/HeJ and investigated inner and outer hair cell and spiral ganglion neuron degeneration across the lifespan. In addition to the already reported outer hair cell death, the C3H/HeJ strain also exhibited inner hair cell and spiral ganglion neuron death. We tracked the spatiotemporal survival of cochlear cells by plotting cytocochleograms and neuronal counts at different ages. Cell loss progressed from basal to apical turns with age. Interestingly, the time-course of cell degeneration was different for each cell-type. While for outer hair cells it was already present by week 3, inner hair cell and neuronal loss started 30 weeks later. We also established that outer hair cell loss kinetics slowed down from basal to apical regions correlating with KCNQ4 expression pattern determined in wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that KCNQ4 plays differential roles in each cochlear cell-type impacting in their survival ability. Inner hair cell and spiral ganglion neuron death generates severe hearing loss that could be associated with the last phase of DFNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Carignano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Esteban Pablo Barila
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Ignacio Rías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (BByF)-UNS, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Dionisio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (BByF)-UNS, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Eugenio Aztiria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (BByF)-UNS, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Spitzmaul
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (BByF)-UNS, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina..
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12
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García M, Barreda-Bonis AC, Jiménez P, Rabanal I, Ortiz A, Vallespín E, Del Pozo Á, Martínez-San Millán J, González-Casado I, Moreno JC. Central Hypothyroidism and Novel Clinical Phenotypes in Hemizygous Truncation of TBL1X. J Endocr Soc 2018; 3:119-128. [PMID: 30591955 PMCID: PMC6300407 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transducin β-like 1 X-linked (TBL1X) gene encodes a subunit of the nuclear corepressor-silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor complex (NCoR-SMRT) involved in repression of thyroid hormone action in the pituitary and hypothalamus. TBL1X defects were recently associated with central hypothyroidism and hearing loss. The current study aims to describe the clinical and genetic characterization of a male diagnosed with central hypothyroidism through thyroid hormone profiling, TRH test, brain MRI, audiometry, and psychological evaluation. Next-generation sequencing of known genes involved in thyroid disorders was implemented. The 6-year-old boy was diagnosed with central hypothyroidism [free T4: 10.42 pmol/L (normal: 12 to 22 pmol/L); TSH: 1.57 mIU/L (normal: 0.7 to 5.7 mIU/L)], with a mildly reduced TSH response to TRH. He was further diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at 7 years, alternating episodes of encopresis and constipation, and frequent headaches. MRI showed a normal pituitary but detected a Chiari malformation type I (CMI). At 10 years, audiometry identified poor hearing threshold at high frequencies. Sequencing revealed a nonsense hemizygous mutation in TBL1X [c.1015C>T; p.(Arg339Ter)] largely truncating its WD-40 repeat domain involved in nuclear protein-protein interactions. In conclusion, to our knowledge, we identified the first severely truncating TBL1X mutation in a patient with central hypothyroidism, hypoacusia, and novel clinical features like ADHD, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and CMI. Given the relevance of TBL1X and NCoR-SMRT for the regulation of transcriptional programs at different tissues (pituitary, cochlea, brain, fossa posterior, and cerebellum), severe mutations in TBL1X may lead to a distinct syndrome with a phenotypic spectrum wider than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paula Jiménez
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rabanal
- Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Ortiz
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Functional and Structural Genomics, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Del Pozo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - José C Moreno
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Nakanishi H, Kurima K, Pan B, Wangemann P, Fitzgerald TS, Géléoc GS, Holt JR, Griffith AJ. Tmc2 expression partially restores auditory function in a mouse model of DFNB7/B11 deafness caused by loss of Tmc1 function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12125. [PMID: 30108230 PMCID: PMC6092339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse Tmc1 and Tmc2 are required for sensory transduction in cochlear and vestibular hair cells. Homozygous Tmc1∆/∆ mice are deaf, Tmc2∆/∆ mice have normal hearing, and double homozygous Tmc1∆/∆; Tmc2∆/∆ mice have deafness and profound vestibular dysfunction. These phenotypes are consistent with their different spatiotemporal expression patterns. Tmc1 expression is persistent in cochlear and vestibular hair cells, whereas Tmc2 expression is transient in cochlear hair cells but persistent in vestibular hair cells. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that persistent Tmc2 expression in mature cochlear hair cells could restore auditory function in Tmc1∆/∆ mice. To express Tmc2 in mature cochlear hair cells, we generated a transgenic mouse line, Tg[PTmc1::Tmc2], in which Tmc2 cDNA is expressed under the control of the Tmc1 promoter. The Tg[PTmc1::Tmc2] transgene slightly but significantly restored hearing in young Tmc1∆/∆ mice, though hearing thresholds were elevated with age. The elevation of hearing thresholds was associated with deterioration of sensory transduction in inner hair cells and loss of outer hair cell function. Although sensory transduction was retained in outer hair cells, their stereocilia eventually degenerated. These results indicate distinct roles and requirements for Tmc1 and Tmc2 in mature cochlear hair cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hair Cells, Auditory/cytology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/ultrastructure
- Hair Cells, Vestibular/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology
- Hearing Tests
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Mutation
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Stereocilia/pathology
- Stereocilia/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Kiyoto Kurima
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Bifeng Pan
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Philine Wangemann
- Anatomy and Physiology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Tracy S Fitzgerald
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Gwenaëlle S Géléoc
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J Griffith
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
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14
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Takahashi S, Sun W, Zhou Y, Homma K, Kachar B, Cheatham MA, Zheng J. Prestin Contributes to Membrane Compartmentalization and Is Required for Normal Innervation of Outer Hair Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:211. [PMID: 30079013 PMCID: PMC6062617 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer hair cells (OHC) act as amplifiers and their function is modified by medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents. The unique OHC motor protein, prestin, provides the molecular basis for somatic electromotility, which is required for sensitivity and frequency selectivity, the hallmarks of mammalian hearing. Prestin proteins are the major component of the lateral membrane of mature OHCs, which separates apical and basal domains. To investigate the contribution of prestin to this unique arrangement, we compared the distribution of membrane proteins in OHCs of wildtype (WT) and prestin-knockout (KO) mice. In WT, the apical protein PMCA2 was exclusively localized to the hair bundles, while it was also found at the lateral membrane in KOs. Similarly, a basal protein KCNQ4 did not coalesce at the base of OHCs but was widely dispersed in mice lacking prestin. Since the expression levels of PMCA2 and KCNQ4 remained unchanged in KOs, the data indicate that prestin is required for the normal distribution of apical and basal membrane proteins in OHCs. Since OHC synapses predominate in the basal subnuclear region, we also examined the synaptic architecture in prestin-KO mice. Although neurite densities were not affected, MOC efferent terminals in prestin-KO mice were no longer constrained to the basal pole as in WT. This trend was evident as early as at postnatal day 12. Furthermore, terminals were often enlarged and frequently appeared as singlets when compared to the multiple clusters of individual terminals in WT. This abnormality in MOC synaptic morphology in prestin-KO mice is similar to defects in mice lacking MOC pathway proteins such as α9/α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and BK channels, indicating a role for prestin in the proper establishment of MOC synapses. To investigate the contribution of prestin’s electromotility, we also examined OHCs from a mouse model that expresses non-functional prestin (499-prestin). We found no changes in PMCA2 localization and MOC synaptic morphology in OHCs from 499-prestin mice. Taken together, these results indicate that prestin, independent of its motile function, plays an important structural role in membrane compartmentalization, which is required for the formation of normal efferent-OHC synapses in mature OHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Willy Sun
- Section on Structural Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Kazuaki Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,The Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Bechara Kachar
- Section on Structural Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mary Ann Cheatham
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,The Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,The Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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15
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de Andrade CLO, Machado GC, Fernandes LDC, de Albuquerque JM, Casais-e-Silva LL, Ramos HE, Alves CDAD. Mechanisms involved in hearing disorders of thyroid ontogeny: a literature review. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:501-505. [PMID: 28977164 PMCID: PMC10522256 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocochlear, retrocochlear and/or central origin hearing damage may be related to the absence of appropriate levels of thyroid hormone during morphogenesis and/or auditory system development. Hearing disorders related to the thyroid are not well studied, despite speculation on the pathophysiological mechanisms. The objective of this review was to characterize the main pathophysiological mechanisms of congenital hypothyroidism and to evaluate the relationship with central and peripheral hearing disorders. We conducted a literature review using the databases MedLine, LILACS, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Embase, and Science Direct between July and September on 2016. We identified the studies that address hearing disorder mechanisms on the congenital hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism may have clinical and subclinical manifestations that affect the auditory system and may be a potential risk factor for hearing impairment. Hearing impairment can severely impact quality-of-life, which emphasizes the importance of monitoring and evaluating hearing during the clinical routine of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Leônidas Oliveira de Andrade
- Instituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação dos Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas (PPgPIOS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Machado
- Instituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação dos Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas (PPgPIOS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Luciene da Cruz Fernandes
- Departamento de FonoaudiologiaInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilDepartamento de Fonoaudiologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Jamile Morais de Albuquerque
- Departamento de FonoaudiologiaInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilDepartamento de Fonoaudiologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Luciana Lyra Casais-e-Silva
- Departamento de BiorregulaçãoInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUFBASalvadorBABrasilLaboratório de Neuroimuno-endocrinologia e Toxinologia, Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Departamento de BiorregulaçãoInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUFBASalvadorBABrasilDepartamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Crésio de Aragão Dantas Alves
- Faculdade de MedicinaUnidade de Endocrinologia PediátricaUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilFaculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
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16
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Flamant F, Gauthier K, Richard S. Genetic Investigation of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Function in the Developing and Adult Brain. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 125:303-335. [PMID: 28527576 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones exert a broad influence on brain development and function, which has been extensively studied over the years. Mouse genetics has brought an important contribution, allowing precise analysis of the interplay between TRα1 and TRβ1 nuclear receptors in neural cells. However, the exact contribution of each receptor, the possible intervention of nongenomic signaling, and the nature of the genetic program that is controlled by the receptors remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Flamant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, INRA USC 1370, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon cedex, France.
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, INRA USC 1370, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon cedex, France
| | - Sabine Richard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, INRA USC 1370, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon cedex, France
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17
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Kelley MW, Stone JS. Development and Regeneration of Sensory Hair Cells. AUDITORY DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21530-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Lewis MA, Buniello A, Hilton JM, Zhu F, Zhang WI, Evans S, van Dongen S, Enright AJ, Steel KP. Exploring regulatory networks of miR-96 in the developing inner ear. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23363. [PMID: 26988146 PMCID: PMC4796898 DOI: 10.1038/srep23363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the microRNA Mir96 cause deafness in mice and humans. In the diminuendo mouse, which carries a single base pair change in the seed region of miR-96, the sensory hair cells crucial for hearing fail to develop fully and retain immature characteristics, suggesting that miR-96 is important for coordinating hair cell maturation. Our previous transcriptional analyses show that many genes are misregulated in the diminuendo inner ear and we report here further misregulated genes. We have chosen three complementary approaches to explore potential networks controlled by miR-96 using these transcriptional data. Firstly, we used regulatory interactions manually curated from the literature to construct a regulatory network incorporating our transcriptional data. Secondly, we built a protein-protein interaction network using the InnateDB database. Thirdly, gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify gene sets in which the misregulated genes are enriched. We have identified several candidates for mediating some of the expression changes caused by the diminuendo mutation, including Fos, Myc, Trp53 and Nr3c1, and confirmed our prediction that Fos is downregulated in diminuendo homozygotes. Understanding the pathways regulated by miR-96 could lead to potential therapeutic targets for treating hearing loss due to perturbation of any component of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag A Lewis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Annalisa Buniello
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Fei Zhu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - William I Zhang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stephanie Evans
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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19
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Walters BJ, Diao S, Zheng F, Walters BJ, Layman WS, Zuo J. Pseudo-immortalization of postnatal cochlear progenitor cells yields a scalable cell line capable of transcriptionally regulating mature hair cell genes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17792. [PMID: 26639154 PMCID: PMC4671002 DOI: 10.1038/srep17792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cochlea is a highly specialized organ within the inner ear. Sensory hair cells (HC) in the cochlea detect and transduce sound waves into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain. Studies of the molecular pathways regulating HC formation are hindered by the very sparse nature of HCs, where only ~3300 are found within an entire mouse cochlea. Current cell lines mimic certain aspects of HCs but lack terminal HC marker expression. Here we successfully “pseudo-immortalized” cochlear progenitor cells using the “conditional reprogramming” technique. These cells, termed “Conditionally Reprogrammed Otic Stem Cells” (CR-OSC), are able to bypass the senescence inherent to cochlear progenitor cells without genetic alterations, allowing for the generation of over 15 million cells from a single cochlea. These cells can be differentiated and up-regulate both early and terminal differentiation genes associated with HCs, including the terminal HC differentiation marker prestin. CR-OSCs also respond to known HC cues, including upregulation of HC genes in response to Atoh1 overexpression, and upregulation of prestin expression after thyroid hormone application. Overall, we describe the creation of a HC line capable of regulated expression of HC genes that can easily be recreated in any laboratory from any mouse of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Walters
- Dept. of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shiyong Diao
- Dept. of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fei Zheng
- Dept. of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bradley J Walters
- Dept. of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Wanda S Layman
- Dept. of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jian Zuo
- Dept. of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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20
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Bandara SB, Eubig PA, Sadowski RN, Schantz SL. Developmental PCB Exposure Increases Audiogenic Seizures and Decreases Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in the Inferior Colliculus. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:335-45. [PMID: 26543103 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we observed that developmental polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure resulted in an increase in audiogenic seizures (AGSs) in rats. However, the rats were exposed to loud noise in adulthood, and were not tested for AGS until after 1 year of age, either of which could have interacted with early PCB exposure to increase AGS susceptibility. This study assessed susceptibility to AGS in young adult rats following developmental PCB exposure alone (without loud noise exposure) and investigated whether there was a decrease in GABA inhibitory neurotransmission in the inferior colliculus (IC) that could potentially explain this effect. Female Long-Evans rats were dosed orally with 0 or 6 mg/kg/day of an environmentally relevant PCB mixture from 28 days prior to breeding until the pups were weaned at postnatal day 21. One male-female pair from each litter was retained for the AGS study whilst another was retained for Western blot analysis of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABAAα1 receptor in the IC, the site in the auditory midbrain where AGS are initiated. There was a significant increase in the number and severity of AGSs in the PCB groups, with females somewhat more affected than males. GAD65 was decreased but there was no change in GAD67 or GABAAα1 in the IC indicating decreased inhibitory regulation in the PCB group. These results confirm that developmental PCB exposure alone is sufficient to increase susceptibility to AGS, and provide the first evidence for a possible mechanism of action at the level of the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Eubig
- *Neuroscience Program and Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and
| | - Renee N Sadowski
- *Neuroscience Program and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801
| | - Susan L Schantz
- *Neuroscience Program and Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801
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21
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Chumak T, Rüttiger L, Lee SC, Campanelli D, Zuccotti A, Singer W, Popelář J, Gutsche K, Geisler HS, Schraven SP, Jaumann M, Panford-Walsh R, Hu J, Schimmang T, Zimmermann U, Syka J, Knipper M. BDNF in Lower Brain Parts Modifies Auditory Fiber Activity to Gain Fidelity but Increases the Risk for Generation of Central Noise After Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5607-27. [PMID: 26476841 PMCID: PMC5012152 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For all sensory organs, the establishment of spatial and temporal cortical resolution is assumed to be initiated by the first sensory experience and a BDNF-dependent increase in intracortical inhibition. To address the potential of cortical BDNF for sound processing, we used mice with a conditional deletion of BDNF in which Cre expression was under the control of the Pax2 or TrkC promoter. BDNF deletion profiles between these mice differ in the organ of Corti (BDNFPax2-KO) versus the auditory cortex and hippocampus (BDNFTrkC-KO). We demonstrate that BDNFPax2-KO but not BDNFTrkC-KO mice exhibit reduced sound-evoked suprathreshold ABR waves at the level of the auditory nerve (wave I) and inferior colliculus (IC) (wave IV), indicating that BDNF in lower brain regions but not in the auditory cortex improves sound sensitivity during hearing onset. Extracellular recording of IC neurons of BDNFPax2 mutant mice revealed that the reduced sensitivity of auditory fibers in these mice went hand in hand with elevated thresholds, reduced dynamic range, prolonged latency, and increased inhibitory strength in IC neurons. Reduced parvalbumin-positive contacts were found in the ascending auditory circuit, including the auditory cortex and hippocampus of BDNFPax2-KO, but not of BDNFTrkC-KO mice. Also, BDNFPax2-WT but not BDNFPax2-KO mice did lose basal inhibitory strength in IC neurons after acoustic trauma. These findings suggest that BDNF in the lower parts of the auditory system drives auditory fidelity along the entire ascending pathway up to the cortex by increasing inhibitory strength in behaviorally relevant frequency regions. Fidelity and inhibitory strength can be lost following auditory nerve injury leading to diminished sensory outcome and increased central noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sze Chim Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dario Campanelli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annalisa Zuccotti
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital and DKFZ Heidelberg, In Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jiří Popelář
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katja Gutsche
- Instituto de Biologíay Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Hyun-Soon Geisler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Philipp Schraven
- Department of Otolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Hearing Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Jaumann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jing Hu
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schimmang
- Instituto de Biologíay Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ulrike Zimmermann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Josef Syka
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Atrophic thyroid follicles and inner ear defects reminiscent of cochlear hypothyroidism in Slc26a4-related deafness. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:304-16. [PMID: 24760582 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is essential for inner ear development and is required for auditory system maturation. Human mutations in SLC26A4 lead to a syndromic form of deafness with enlargement of the thyroid gland (Pendred syndrome) and non-syndromic deafness (DFNB4). We describe mice with an Slc26a4 mutation, Slc26a4 (loop/loop) , which are profoundly deaf but show a normal sized thyroid gland, mimicking non-syndromic clinical signs. Histological analysis of the thyroid gland revealed defective morphology, with a majority of atrophic microfollicles, while measurable thyroid hormone in blood serum was within the normal range. Characterization of the inner ear showed a spectrum of morphological and molecular defects consistent with inner ear pathology, as seen in hypothyroidism or disrupted thyroid hormone action. The pathological inner ear hallmarks included thicker tectorial membrane with reduced β-tectorin protein expression, the absence of BK channel expression of inner hair cells, and reduced inner ear bone calcification. Our study demonstrates that deafness in Slc26a4 (loop/loop) mice correlates with thyroid pathology, postulating that sub-clinical thyroid morphological defects may be present in some DFNB4 individuals with a normal sized thyroid gland. We propose that insufficient availability of thyroid hormone during inner ear development plays an important role in the mechanism underlying deafness as a result of SLC26A4 mutations.
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Picou F, Fauquier T, Chatonnet F, Richard S, Flamant F. Deciphering direct and indirect influence of thyroid hormone with mouse genetics. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:429-41. [PMID: 24617548 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T3, the active form of thyroid hormone, binds nuclear receptors that regulate the transcription of a large number of genes in many cell types. Unraveling the direct and indirect effect of this hormonal stimulation, and establishing links between these molecular events and the developmental and physiological functions of the hormone, is a major challenge. New mouse genetics tools, notably those based on Cre/loxP technology, are suitable to perform a multiscale analysis of T3 signaling and achieve this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Picou
- Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale, Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon, France
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24
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Dettling J, Franz C, Zimmermann U, Lee SC, Bress A, Brandt N, Feil R, Pfister M, Engel J, Flamant F, Rüttiger L, Knipper M. Autonomous functions of murine thyroid hormone receptor TRα and TRβ in cochlear hair cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:26-37. [PMID: 24012852 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone acts on gene transcription by binding to its nuclear receptors TRα1 and TRβ. Whereas global deletion of TRβ causes deafness, global TRα-deficient mice have normal hearing thresholds. Since the individual roles of the two receptors in cochlear hair cells are still unclear, we generated mice with a hair cell-specific mutation of TRα1 or deletion of TRβ using the Cre-loxP system. Hair cell-specific TRβ mutant mice showed normal hearing thresholds but delayed BK channel expression in inner hair cells, slightly stronger outer hair cell function, and slightly reduced amplitudes of auditory brainstem responses. In contrast, hair cell-specific TRα mutant mice showed normal timing of BK channel expression, slightly reduced outer hair cell function, and slightly enhanced amplitudes of auditory brainstem responses. Our data demonstrate that TRβ-related deafness originates outside of hair cells and that TRα and TRβ play opposing, non-redundant roles in hair cells. A role for thyroid hormone receptors in controlling key regulators that shape signal transduction during development is discussed. Thyroid hormone may act through different thyroid hormone receptor activities to permanently alter the sensitivity of auditory neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Dettling
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Franz
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zimmermann
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sze Chim Lee
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bress
- Molecular Genetics, THRC, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Brandt
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Department of Signal Transduction & Transgenic Models, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Pfister
- Molecular Genetics, THRC, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Engel
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, Lyon, France
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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25
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Johnson KR, Gagnon LH, Longo-Guess CM, Harris BS, Chang B. Hearing impairment in hypothyroid dwarf mice caused by mutations of the thyroid peroxidase gene. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2013; 15:45-55. [PMID: 24297261 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-013-0427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for proper cochlear development and function, and TH deficiencies cause variable hearing impairment in humans and mice. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) catalyzes key reactions in TH synthesis, and TPO mutations have been found to underlie many cases of congenital hypothyroidism in human patients. In contrast, only a single mutation of the mouse TPO gene has been reported previously (Tpo(R479C)) but was not evaluated for auditory function. Here, we describe and characterize two new mouse mutations of Tpo with an emphasis on their associated auditory deficits. Mice homozygous for these recessive mutations have dysplastic thyroid glands and lack detectable levels of TH. Because of the small size of mutant mice, the mutations were named teeny (symbol Tpo(tee)) and teeny-2 Jackson (Tpo(tee-2J)). Tpo(tee) is a single base-pair missense mutation that was induced by ENU, and Tpo(tee-2J) is a 64 bp intragenic deletion that arose spontaneously. The Tpo(tee) mutation changes the codon for a highly conserved tyrosine to asparagine (p.Y614N), and the Tpo(tee-2J) mutation deletes a splice donor site, which results in exon skipping and aberrant transcripts. Mutant mice are profoundly hearing impaired with auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds about 60 dB above those of non-mutant controls. The maturation of cochlear structures is delayed in mutant mice and tectorial membranes are abnormally thick. To evaluate the effect of genetic background on auditory phenotype, we produced a C3.B6-Tpo(tee-2J) congenic strain and found that ABR thresholds of mutant mice on the C3H/HeJ strain background are 10-12 dB lower than those of mutant mice on the C57BL/6 J background. The Tpo mutant strains described here provide new heritable mouse models of congenital hypothyroidism that will be valuable for future studies of thyroid hormones' role in auditory development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Johnson
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA,
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Thyroid hormone receptor activity in the absence of ligand: Physiological and developmental implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3893-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Iodine deficiency affects an estimated 241 million school-aged children in the world. Little is known about iodine deficiency in relation to auditory function, except for the fact that deaf–mutism is one of the features of cretinism. In the present review, we documented the scientific knowledge on the role of iodine and hypothyroidism in the auditory system. We found that ear development and hearing function depend on thyroid hormones. Multiple pathways are involved in this, including both inner ear morphology as well as neurological processes. Conductive as well as sensorineural hearing loss is found in studies with animals that were rendered hypothyroidic. In humans, auditory impairment is reported frequently in relation to hypothyroidism, ranging from mild disturbances to severe handicap. Auditory impairment has been related more explicitly to congenital hypothyroidism than to acquired hypothyroidism. The critical period for thyroid function-related hearing maturation is the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Although only a limited number of studies have directly investigated the relationship between iodine deficiency and auditory function, most studies point toward an association. However, evidence from good randomised controlled trials is lacking. Inclusion of auditory outcomes in iodine supplementation studies is therefore to be recommended, especially for trials in pregnancy. Hearing deficit is an invisible abnormality, but has major consequences for educational and social skills if not detected. In view of this, auditory impairment should be mapped in iodine-deficient areas in order to realistically estimate the magnitude of the problem.
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Cimerman J, Waldhaus J, Harasztosi C, Duncker SV, Dettling J, Heidrych P, Bress A, Gampe-Braig C, Frank G, Gummer AW, Oliver D, Knipper M, Zimmermann U. Generation of somatic electromechanical force by outer hair cells may be influenced by prestin-CASK interaction at the basal junction with the Deiter's cell. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:119-35. [PMID: 23542924 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The motor protein, prestin, situated in the basolateral plasma membrane of cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs), underlies the generation of somatic, voltage-driven mechanical force, the basis for the exquisite sensitivity, frequency selectivity and dynamic range of mammalian hearing. The molecular and structural basis of the ontogenetic development of this electromechanical force has remained elusive. The present study demonstrates that this force is significantly reduced when the immature subcellular distribution of prestin found along the entire plasma membrane persists into maturity, as has been described in previous studies under hypothyroidism. This observation suggests that cochlear amplification is critically dependent on the surface expression and distribution of prestin. Searching for proteins involved in organizing the subcellular localization of prestin to the basolateral plasma membrane, we identified cochlear expression of a novel truncated prestin splice isoform named prestin 9b (Slc26A5d) that contains a putative PDZ domain-binding motif. Using prestin 9b as the bait in a yeast two-hybrid assay, we identified a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) as an interaction partner of prestin. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that CASK and prestin 9b can interact with full-length prestin. CASK was co-localized with prestin in a membrane domain where prestin-expressing OHC membrane abuts prestin-free OHC membrane, but was absent from this area for thyroid hormone deficiency. These findings suggest that CASK and the truncated prestin splice isoform contribute to confinement of prestin to the basolateral region of the plasma membrane. By means of such an interaction, the basal junction region between the OHC and its Deiter's cell may contribute to efficient generation of somatic electromechanical force.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anion Transport Proteins/analysis
- Anion Transport Proteins/genetics
- Anion Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Electricity
- Female
- Guanylate Kinases/analysis
- Guanylate Kinases/genetics
- Guanylate Kinases/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/chemistry
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/cytology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/physiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mechanical Phenomena
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Motor Proteins/analysis
- Molecular Motor Proteins/genetics
- Molecular Motor Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Sulfate Transporters
- Vestibular Nucleus, Lateral/chemistry
- Vestibular Nucleus, Lateral/cytology
- Vestibular Nucleus, Lateral/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelka Cimerman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Genome-wide analysis of thyroid hormone receptors shared and specific functions in neural cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E766-75. [PMID: 23382204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210626110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TRα1 and TRβ1, the two main thyroid hormone receptors in mammals, are transcription factors that share similar properties. However, their respective functions are very different. This functional divergence might be explained in two ways: it can reflect different expression patterns or result from different intrinsic properties of the receptors. We tested this second hypothesis by comparing the repertoires of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)-responsive genes of two neural cell lines, expressing either TRα1 or TRβ1. Using transcriptome analysis, we found that a substantial fraction of the T3 target genes display a marked preference for one of the two receptors. So when placed alone in identical situations, the two receptors have different repertoires of target genes. Chromatin occupancy analysis, performed at a genome-wide scale, revealed that TRα1 and TRβ1 cistromes were also different. However, receptor-selective regulation of T3 target genes did not result from receptor-selective chromatin occupancy of their promoter regions. We conclude that modification of TRα1 and TRβ1 intrinsic properties contributes in a large part to the divergent evolution of the receptors' function, at least during neurodevelopment.
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30
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Iannotti FA, Barrese V, Formisano L, Miceli F, Taglialatela M. Specification of skeletal muscle differentiation by repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST)-regulated Kv7.4 potassium channels. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 24:274-84. [PMID: 23242999 PMCID: PMC3564528 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-12-1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kv7.4-potassium channel expression plays a permissive role in skeletal muscle differentiation. The transcriptional repressor REST controls the changes in Kv7.4 levels during myogenesis by binding to regulatory regions in the Kv7.4 gene. This mechanism may be a target for intervention against abnormal repair and differentiation of skeletal muscle. Changes in the expression of potassium (K+) channels is a pivotal event during skeletal muscle differentiation. In mouse C2C12 cells, similarly to human skeletal muscle cells, myotube formation increased the expression of Kv7.1, Kv7.3, and Kv7.4, the last showing the highest degree of regulation. In C2C12 cells, Kv7.4 silencing by RNA interference reduced the expression levels of differentiation markers (myogenin, myosin heavy chain, troponinT-1, and Pax3) and impaired myotube formation and multinucleation. In Kv7.4-silenced cells, the differentiation-promoting effect of the Kv7 activator N-(2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-phenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (retigabine) was abrogated. Expression levels for the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) declined during myotube formation. Transcript levels for Kv7.4, as well as for myogenin, troponinT-1, and Pax3, were reduced by REST overexpression and enhanced upon REST suppression by RNA interference. Four regions containing potential REST-binding sites in the 5′ untranslated region and in the first intron of the Kv7.4 gene were identified by bioinformatic analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that REST binds to these regions, exhibiting a higher efficiency in myoblasts than in myotubes. These data suggest that Kv7.4 plays a permissive role in skeletal muscle differentiation and highlight REST as a crucial transcriptional regulator for this K+ channel subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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31
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Thyroid hormone receptors: the challenge of elucidating isotype-specific functions and cell-specific response. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:3900-7. [PMID: 22704954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone receptors TRα1, TRβ1 and TRβ2 are broadly expressed and exert a pleiotropic influence on many developmental and homeostatic processes. Extensive genetic studies in mice precisely defined their respective function. SCOPE OF REVIEW The purpose of the review is to discuss two puzzling issues: MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Mouse genetics support a balanced contribution of expression pattern and receptor intrinsic properties in defining the receptor respective functions. The molecular mechanisms sustaining cell specific response remain hypothetical and based on studies performed with other nuclear receptors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The isoform-specificity and cell-specificity questions have many implications for clinical research, drug development, and endocrine disruptor studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Thyroid hormone signalling.
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32
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Thyroid hormone receptors, cell growth and differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:3908-16. [PMID: 22484490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue homeostasis depends on the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. Thyroid hormones (THs), through binding to their nuclear receptors, can regulate the expression of many genes involved in cell cycle control and cellular differentiation. This can occur by direct transcriptional regulation or by modulation of the activity of different signaling pathways. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review we will summarize the role of the different receptor isoforms in growth and maturation of selected tissues and organs. We will focus on mammalian tissues, and therefore we will not address the fundamental role of the THs during amphibian metamorphosis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The actions of THs are highly pleiotropic, affecting many tissues at different developmental stages. As a consequence, their effects on proliferation and differentiation are highly heterogeneous depending on the cell type, the cellular context, and the developmental or transformation status. Both during development and in the adult, stem cells are essential for proper organ formation, maintenance and regeneration. Recent evidence suggests that some of the actions of the thyroid hormone receptors could be secondary to regulation of stem/progenitor cell function. Here we will also include the latest knowledge on the role of these receptors in proliferation and differentiation of embryonic and adult stem cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The thyroid hormone receptors are potent regulators of proliferation and differentiation of many cell types. This can explain the important role of the thyroid hormones and their receptors in key processes such as growth, development, tissue homeostasis or cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Thyroid hormone signalling.
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Schraven SP, Franz C, Rüttiger L, Löwenheim H, Lysakowski A, Stoffel W, Knipper M. Altered phenotype of the vestibular organ in GLAST-1 null mice. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2012; 13:323-33. [PMID: 22350511 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-011-0311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies point to a crucial role of the high-affinity sodium-coupled glutamate aspartate transporter GLAST-1 for modulation of excitatory transmission as shown in the retina and the CNS. While 2-4-month-old GLAST-1 null mice did not show any functional vestibular abnormality, we observed profound circling behavior in older (7 months) animals lacking GLAST-1. An unchanged total number of otoferlin-positive vestibular hair cells (VHCs), similar ribbon numbers in VHCs, and an unchanged VGLUT3 expression in type II VHCs were detected in GLAST-1 null compared to wild-type mice. A partial loss of supporting cells and an apparent decline of a voltage-gated channel potassium subunit (KCNQ4) was observed in postsynaptic calyceal afferents contacting type I VHCs, together with a reduction of neurofilament- (NF200-) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1- (VGLUT1-) positive calyces in GLAST-1 null mice. Taken together, GLAST-1 deletion appeared to preferentially affect the maintenance of a normal postsynaptic/neuronal phenotype, evident only with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Schraven
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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34
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cGMP-Prkg1 signaling and Pde5 inhibition shelter cochlear hair cells and hearing function. Nat Med 2012; 18:252-9. [PMID: 22270721 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a global health hazard with considerable pathophysiological and social consequences that has no effective treatment. In the heart, lung and other organs, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) facilitates protective processes in response to traumatic events. We therefore analyzed NIHL in mice with a genetic deletion of the gene encoding cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (Prkg1) and found a greater vulnerability to and markedly less recovery from NIHL in these mice as compared to mice without the deletion. Prkg1 was expressed in the sensory cells and neurons of the inner ear of wild-type mice, and its expression partly overlapped with the expression profile of cGMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase 5 (Pde5). Treatment of rats and wild-type mice with the Pde5 inhibitor vardenafil almost completely prevented NIHL and caused a Prkg1-dependent upregulation of poly (ADP-ribose) in hair cells and the spiral ganglion, suggesting an endogenous protective cGMP-Prkg1 signaling pathway that culminates in the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. These data suggest vardenafil or related drugs as possible candidates for the treatment of NIHL.
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35
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Fang Q, Giordimaina AM, Dolan DF, Camper SA, Mustapha M. Genetic background of Prop1(df) mutants provides remarkable protection against hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2011; 13:173-184. [PMID: 22143287 PMCID: PMC3298611 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-011-0302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a cause of genetic and environmentally induced deafness. The sensitivity of cochlear development and function to thyroid hormone (TH) mandates understanding TH action in this sensory organ. Prop1(df) and Pou1f1(dw) mutant mice carry mutations in different pituitary transcription factors, each resulting in pituitary thyrotropin deficiency. Despite the same lack of detectable serum TH, these mutants have very different hearing abilities: Prop1(df) mutants are mildly affected, while Pou1f1(dw) mutants are completely deaf. Genetic studies show that this difference is attributable to the genetic backgrounds. Using embryo transfer, we discovered that factors intrinsic to the fetus are the major contributor to this difference, not maternal effects. We analyzed Prop1(df) mutants to identify processes in cochlear development that are disrupted in other hypothyroid animal models but protected in Prop1(df) mutants by the genetic background. The development of outer hair cell (OHC) function is delayed, but Prestin and KCNQ4 immunostaining appear normal in mature Prop1(df) mutants. The endocochlear potential and KCNJ10 immunostaining in the stria vascularis are indistinguishable from wild type, and no differences in neurofilament or synaptophysin staining are evident in Prop1(df) mutants. The synaptic vesicle protein otoferlin normally shifts expression from OHC to IHC as temporary afferent fibers beneath the OHC regress postnatally. Prop1(df) mutants exhibit persistent, abnormal expression of otoferlin in apical OHC, suggesting delayed maturation of synaptic function. Thus, the genetic background of Prop1(df) mutants is remarkably protective for most functions affected in other hypothyroid mice. The Prop1(df) mutant is an attractive model for identifying the genes that protect against deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4945 Buhl, 1241 E Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
| | - Alicia M Giordimaina
- Health Behavior & Health Education Department, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David F Dolan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4945 Buhl, 1241 E Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA.
| | - Mirna Mustapha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Sharlin DS, Visser TJ, Forrest D. Developmental and cell-specific expression of thyroid hormone transporters in the mouse cochlea. Endocrinology 2011; 152:5053-64. [PMID: 21878515 PMCID: PMC3230046 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is essential for the development of the cochlea and auditory function. Cochlear response tissues, which express thyroid hormone receptor β (encoded by Thrb), include the greater epithelial ridge and sensory epithelium residing inside the bony labyrinth. However, these response tissues lack direct blood flow, implying that mechanisms exist to shuttle hormone from the circulation to target tissues. Therefore, we investigated expression of candidate thyroid hormone transporters L-type amino acid transporter 1 (Lat1), monocarboxylate transporter (Mct)8, Mct10, and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1 (Oatp1c1) in mouse cochlear development by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence analysis. L-type amino acid transporter 1 localized to cochlear blood vessels and transiently to sensory hair cells. Mct8 localized to the greater epithelial ridge, tympanic border cells underlying the sensory epithelium, spiral ligament fibrocytes, and spiral ganglion neurons, partly overlapping with the Thrb expression pattern. Mct10 was detected in a highly restricted pattern in the outer sulcus epithelium and weakly in tympanic border cells and hair cells. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1 localized primarily to fibrocytes in vascularized tissues of the spiral limbus and spiral ligament and to tympanic border cells. Investigation of hypothyroid Tshr(-/-) mice showed that transporter expression was delayed consistent with retardation of cochlear tissue maturation but not with compensatory responses to hypothyroidism. The results demonstrate specific expression of thyroid hormone transporters in the cochlea and suggest that a network of thyroid hormone transport underlies cochlear development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Sharlin
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Clinical Endocrinology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1772, USA
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Rozenfeld J, Efrati E, Adler L, Tal O, Carrithers SL, Alper SL, Zelikovic I. Transcriptional regulation of the pendrin gene. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:385-96. [PMID: 22116353 DOI: 10.1159/000335100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl(-)/anion exchanger encoded by the gene PDS, is highly expressed in the kidney, thyroid and inner ear epithelia and is essential for bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation and endolymph ion balance, respectively. The molecular mechanisms controlling pendrin activity in renal, thyroid and inner ear epithelia have been the subject of recent studies. The effects of ambient pH, the hormone aldosterone and the peptide uroguanylin (UGN; the "intestinal natriuretic hormone"), known modulators of electrolyte balance, on transcription of the pendrin gene, have been investigated. Luciferase reporter plasmids containing different length fragments of the human PDS (hPDS) promoter were transfected into renal HEK293, thyroid LA2, and inner ear VOT36 epithelial cells. Acidic pH decreased and alkaline pH increased hPDS promoter activity in transfected HEK293 and VOT36, but not in LA2 cells. Aldosterone reduced hPDS promoter activity in HEK293 but had no effect in LA2 and VOT36 cells. These pH and aldosterone-induced effects on the hPDS promoter occurred within 96-bp and 89-bp regions, respectively, which likely contain distinct response elements to these modulators. Injection of UGN into mice resulted in decreased pendrin mRNA and protein expression in the kidney. Exposure of transfected HEK293 to UGN decreased hPDS promoter activity. The findings provided evidence for the presence of a UGN response element within the 96-bp region overlapping with the pH response element on the hPDS promoter. Pendrin is also expressed in airway epithelium. The cytokins interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), known regulators of airway surface function, have been shown to increase hPDS promoter activity by a STAT6-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, systemic pH, the hormone aldosterone, and the peptide UGN influence renal tubular pendrin gene expression and, perhaps, pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange at the transcriptional level. Pendrin-driven anion transport in the endolymph and at the airway surface may be regulated transcriptionally by systemic pH and IL-3/IL-4, respectively. The distinct response elements and the corresponding transcription factors mediating the effect of these modulators on the PDS promoter remain to be identified and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rozenfeld
- Laboratory of Developmental Nephrology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Gross J, Stute K, Fuchs J, Angerstein M, Amarjargal N, Mazurek B. Effects of retinoic acid and butyric acid on the expression of prestin and Gata-3 in organotypic cultures of the organ of corti of newborn rats. Dev Neurobiol 2011; 71:650-61. [PMID: 21344672 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prestin is the motor protein of the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and a key factor in ensuring a high level of sensitivity of mammalian hearing. The factors that influence prestin expression are still largely unknown. We studied the effects of the application of retinoic acid, a ligand of a nuclear receptor, and of butyric acid, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase activity, on the expression of mRNA of prestin and Gata-3 in the organotypic culture of the organ of Corti of newborn rats using RT-PCR. Application of retinoic acid at concentrations of 1-50 μM results in a dose-dependent expression decrease after two days in culture. Treatment with sodium butyrate (0.5-2 mM) elevated the expression of prestin and Gata-3. Statistically significant correlations between Gata-3 and prestin mRNA levels were observed under all conditions. The data indicate that retinoid nuclear transcription factors, GATA-3 and histone acetylation/deacetylation processes may have a regulatory role to play in prestin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Gross
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Germany.
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A modifier gene alleviates hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment in Pou1f1dw dwarf mice. Genetics 2011; 189:665-73. [PMID: 21840860 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.111.130633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone has pleiotropic effects on cochlear development, and genomic variation influences the severity of associated hearing deficits. DW/J-Pou1f1dw/dw mutant mice lack pituitary thyrotropin, which causes severe thyroid hormone deficiency and profound hearing impairment. To assess the genetic complexity of protective effects on hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment, an F1 intercross was generated between DW/J-Pou1f1dw/+ carriers and an inbred strain with excellent hearing derived from Mus castaneus, CAST/EiJ. Approximately 24% of the (DW/J×CAST/EiJ) Pou1f1dw/dw F2 progeny had normal hearing. A genome scan revealed a locus on chromosome 2, named modifier of dw hearing, or Mdwh, that rescues hearing despite persistent hypothyroidism. This chromosomal region contains the modifier of tubby hearing 1 (Moth1) locus that encodes a protective allele of the microtubule-associated protein MTAP1A. DW/J-Pou1f1dw/+ carriers were crossed with the AKR strain, which also carries a protective allele of Mtap1a, and we found that AKR is not protective for hearing in the (DW/J×AKR) Pou1f1dw/dw F2 progeny. Thus, protective alleles of Mtap1a are not sufficient to rescue DW/J-Pou1f1dw/dw hearing. We expect that identification of protective modifiers will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment.
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Defourny J, Lallemend F, Malgrange B. Structure and development of cochlear afferent innervation in mammals. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C750-61. [PMID: 21753183 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00516.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, sensorineural deafness results from damage to the auditory receptors of the inner ear, the nerve pathways to the brain or the cortical area that receives sound information. In this review, we first focused on the cellular and molecular events taking part to spiral ganglion axon growth, extension to the organ of Corti, and refinement. In the second half, we considered the functional maturation of synaptic contacts between sensory hair cells and their afferent projections. A better understanding of all these processes could open insights into novel therapeutic strategies aimed to re-establish primary connections from sound transducers to the ascending auditory nerve pathways.
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Fauquier T, Romero E, Picou F, Chatonnet F, Nguyen XN, Quignodon L, Flamant F. Severe impairment of cerebellum development in mice expressing a dominant-negative mutation inactivating thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 isoform. Dev Biol 2011; 356:350-8. [PMID: 21621530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.05.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone deficiency is known to deeply affect cerebellum post-natal development. We present here a detailed analysis of the phenotype of a recently generated mouse model, expressing a dominant-negative TRα1 mutation. Although hormonal level is not affected, the cerebellum of these mice displays profound alterations in neuronal and glial differentiation, which are reminiscent of congenital hypothyroidism, indicating a predominant function of this receptor isoform in normal cerebellum development. Some of the observed effects might result from the cell autonomous action of the mutation, while others are more likely to result from a reduction in neurotrophic factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Fauquier
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale, Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, France
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Lilienthal H, Heikkinen P, Andersson PL, van der Ven LTM, Viluksela M. Auditory Effects of Developmental Exposure to Purity-Controlled Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB52 and PCB180) in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2011; 122:100-11. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Dror AA, Avraham KB. Hearing Impairment: A Panoply of Genes and Functions. Neuron 2010; 68:293-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Soh H, Tzingounis AV. The specific slow afterhyperpolarization inhibitor UCL2077 is a subtype-selective blocker of the epilepsy associated KCNQ channels. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:1088-95. [PMID: 20843955 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.066100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in members of the KCNQ channel family underlie multiple diseases affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Despite their clinical relevance, research into these channels is limited by the lack of subtype-selective inhibitors, making it difficult to differentiate the physiological function of each family member in vivo. We have proposed that KCNQ channels might partially underlie the calcium-activated slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP), a neuronal conductance whose molecular components are uncertain. Here, we investigated whether 3-(triphenylmethylaminomethyl)pyridine (UCL2077), identified previously as an inhibitor of the sAHP in neurons, acts on members of the KCNQ family expressed in heterologous cells. We found that 3 μM UCL2077 strongly inhibits KCNQ1 and KCNQ2 channels and weakly blocks KCNQ4 channels in a voltage-independent manner. In contrast, UCL2077 potentiates KCNQ5 channels at more positive membrane potentials, with little effect at negative membrane potentials. We found that the effect of UCL2077 on KCNQ3 is bimodal: currents are enhanced at negative membrane potentials and inhibited at positive potentials. We found that UCL2077 facilitates KCNQ3 currents by inducing a leftward shift in the KCNQ3 voltage-dependence, a shift dependent on tryptophan 265. Finally, we show that UCL2077 has intermediate effects on KCNQ2/3 heteromeric channels compared with KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 homomers. Together, our data demonstrate that UCL2077 acts on KCNQ channels in a subtype-selective manner. This feature should make UCL2077 a useful tool for distinguishing KCNQ1 and KCNQ2 from less-sensitive KCNQ family members in neurons and cardiac cells in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heun Soh
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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45
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Gauthier K, Billon C, Bissler M, Beylot M, Lobaccaro JM, Vanacker JM, Samarut J. Thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRbeta) and liver X receptor (LXR) regulate carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP) expression in a tissue-selective manner. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:28156-63. [PMID: 20615868 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.146241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TR) and liver X (LXR) receptors are transcription factors involved in lipogenesis. Both receptors recognize the same consensus DNA-response element in vitro. It was previously shown that their signaling pathways interact in the control of cholesterol elimination in the liver. In the present study, carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP), a major transcription factor controlling the activation of glucose-induced lipogenesis in liver, is characterized as a direct target of thyroid hormones (TH) in liver and white adipose tissue (WAT), the two main lipogenic tissues in mice. Using genetic and molecular approaches, ChREBP is shown to be specifically regulated by TRbeta but not by TRalpha in vivo, even in WAT where both TR isoforms are expressed. However, this isotype specificity is not found in vitro. This TRbeta specific regulation correlates with the loss of TH-induced lipogenesis in TRbeta(-/-) mice. Fasting/refeeding experiments show that TRbeta is not required for the activation of ChREBP expression particularly marked in WAT following refeeding. However, TH can stimulate ChREBP expression in WAT even under fasting conditions, suggesting completely independent pathways. Because ChREBP has been described as an LXR target, the interaction of LXR and TRbeta in ChREBP regulation was assayed both in vitro and in vivo. Each receptor recognizes a different response element on the ChREBP promoter, located only 8 bp apart. There is a cross-talk between LXR and TRbeta signaling on the ChREBP promoter in liver but not in WAT where LXR does not regulate ChREBP expression. The molecular basis for this cross-talk has been determined in in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
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Deafness and permanently reduced potassium channel gene expression and function in hypothyroid Pit1dw mutants. J Neurosci 2009; 29:1212-23. [PMID: 19176829 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4957-08.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of thyroid hormone (TH) during late gestation and early infancy can cause irreparable deafness in both humans and rodents. A variety of rodent models have been used in an effort to identify the underlying molecular mechanism. Here, we characterize a mouse model of secondary hypothyroidism, pituitary transcription factor 1 (Pit1(dw)), which has profound, congenital deafness that is rescued by oral TH replacement. These mutants have tectorial membrane abnormalities, including a prominent Hensen's stripe, elevated beta-tectorin composition, and disrupted striated-sheet matrix. They lack distortion product otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonic responses, and exhibit reduced endocochlear potentials, suggesting defects in outer hair cell function and potassium recycling. Auditory system and hair cell physiology, histology, and anatomy studies reveal novel defects of hormone deficiency related to deafness: (1) permanently impaired expression of KCNJ10 in the stria vascularis of Pit1(dw) mice, which likely contributes to the reduced endocochlear potential, (2) significant outer hair cell loss in the mutants, which may result from cellular stress induced by the lower KCNQ4 expression and current levels in Pit1(dw) mutant outer hair cells, and (3) sensory and strial cell deterioration, which may have implications for thyroid hormone dysregulation in age-related hearing impairment. In summary, we suggest that these defects in outer hair cell and strial cell function are important contributors to the hearing impairment in Pit1(dw) mice.
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRbeta) dysfunction leads to deafness in humans and mice. Deafness in TRbeta(-/-) mutant mice has been attributed to TRbeta-mediated control of voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel expression in inner hair cells (IHCs). However, normal hearing in young constitutive BKalpha(-/-) mutants contradicts this hypothesis. Here, we show that mice with hair cell-specific deletion of TRbeta after postnatal day 11 (P11) have a delay in BKalpha expression but normal hearing, indicating that the origin of hearing loss in TRbeta(-/-) mutant mice manifested before P11. Analyzing the phenotype of IHCs in constitutive TRbeta(-/-) mice, we found normal Ca(2+) current amplitudes, exocytosis, and shape of compound action potential waveforms. In contrast, reduced distortion product otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonics associated with an abnormal structure of the tectorial membrane and enhanced tectorin levels suggest that disturbed mechanical performance is the primary cause of deafness resulting from TRbeta deficiency.
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Use of a new model of transgenic mice to clarify the respective functions of thyroid hormone receptors in vivo. Heart Fail Rev 2009; 15:117-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-008-9121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Friauf E, Wenz M, Oberhofer M, Nothwang HG, Balakrishnan V, Knipper M, Löhrke S. Hypothyroidism impairs chloride homeostasis and onset of inhibitory neurotransmission in developing auditory brainstem and hippocampal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28:2371-80. [PMID: 19087168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency during perinatal life causes a multitude of functional and morphological deficits in the brain. In rats and mice, TH dependency of neural maturation is particularly evident during the first 1-2 weeks of postnatal development. During the same period, synaptic transmission via the inhibitory transmitters glycine and GABA changes from excitatory depolarizing effects to inhibitory hyperpolarizing ones in most neurons [depolarizing-hyperpolarizing (D/H) shift]. The D/H shift is caused by the activation of the K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter KCC2 which extrudes Cl(-) from the cytosol, thus generating an inward-directed electrochemical Cl(-) gradient. Here we analyzed whether the D/H shift and, consequently, the onset of inhibitory neurotransmission are influenced by TH. Gramicidin perforated-patch recordings from auditory brainstem neurons of experimentally hypothyroid rats revealed depolarizing glycine effects until postnatal day (P)11, i.e. almost 1 week longer than in control rats, in which the D/H shift occurred at approximately P5-6. Likewise, until P12-13 the equilibrium potential E(Gly) in hypothyroids was more positive than the membrane resting potential. Normal E(Gly) could be restored upon TH substitution in P11-12 hypothyroids. These data demonstrate a disturbed Cl(-) homeostasis following TH deficiency and point to a delayed onset of synaptic inhibition. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry demonstrated an unchanged KCC2 distribution in hypothyroids, implying that TH deficiency did not affect KCC2 gene expression but may have impaired the functional status of KCC2. Hippocampal neurons of hypothyroid P16-17 rats also demonstrated an impaired Cl(-) homeostasis, indicating that TH may have promoted the D/H shift and maturation of synaptic inhibition throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Friauf
- Animal Physiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, POB 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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