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Jiang F, Guo Y, Hu L, Zhang M, Meng J, Si Y, Shi H. Role of nuclear factor of activated T Cells-1 in Sepsis-induced behavioral deficits in mice. Brain Res 2023; 1806:148299. [PMID: 36842570 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFAT1) is involved in both neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we examined the role of NFAT1 in sepsis-induced cognitive impairment in a mouse model. METHODS Sepsis was established in adult mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Novel object recognition tests on days 14-21 and fear conditioning tests on days 22-23 post-surgery showed that CLP impaired both behaviors. BV2 microglia cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to examine the effects of short interfering RNA targeting NFAT1 on autophagy and inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS CLP increased the expression of NFAT1 in hippocampal microglia and induced hippocampal autophagy by downregulating p62, upregulating beclin-1 and autophagy-related gene-5, and increasing the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to LC3-II. In addition, CLP shifted microglial polarization from M2 to M1 and the production of inflammatory cytokines, similar to the effects of lipopolysaccharide on BV2 microglia cells. Conversely, NFAT1 knockdown or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine attenuated the effects of CLP on autophagy and inflammation in vitro and in vivo, while rapamycin partially reversed the protective effects of NFAT1 inhibition. CONCLUSION This study suggests that NFAT1 downregulation attenuates sepsis-induced behavioral deficits by inhibiting autophagy, microglia polarization, and neuroinflammation..
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoyi Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieqiong Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanna Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China.
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Anemopsis californica Attenuates Photoaging by Regulating MAPK, NRF2, and NFATc1 Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121882. [PMID: 34942986 PMCID: PMC8698643 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure of the skin to solar radiation causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which accelerates collagen degradation. This contributes to the formation of wrinkles and dark spots, skin fragility, and even skin cancer. In this study, Anemopsis californica (AC), a herb from North America that is well known for treating microorganism infection and promoting wound healing, was investigated for its photoprotective effects. The biological effects of AC were studied on two in vitro models, namely, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages and ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated dermal fibroblasts, to characterize its underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that AC decreased the mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators in sensitized macrophages, including cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Moreover, AC alleviated UVB-induced photoaging in dermal fibroblasts by restoring procollagen synthesis. This resulted from the regulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) by AC, which was mediated by the activation of the antioxidative system nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). AC also alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by inhibiting the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and interfering with the nuclear translocation of the immune regulator nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1). In conclusion, the protective effects of AC on skin cellular components suggested that it has the potential for use in the development of drugs and cosmetics that protect the skin from UVB-induced chronic inflammation and aging.
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Nguyen QTN, Fang M, Zhang M, Do NQ, Kim M, Zheng SD, Hwang E, Yi TH. Crataegus laevigata Suppresses LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress during Inflammatory Response in Human Keratinocytes by Regulating the MAPKs/AP-1, NFκB, and NFAT Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:869. [PMID: 33562140 PMCID: PMC7914440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Crataegus laevigata belongs to the family Rosaceae, which has been widely investigated for pharmacological effects on the circulatory and digestive systems. However, there is limited understanding about its anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects on skin. In this study, 70% ethanol C. laevigata berry extract (CLE) was investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated keratinocytes. The LPS-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was suppressed by the treatment with CLE. In response to ROS induction, the overexpression of inflammatory regulating signaling molecules including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) were reduced in CLE-treated human keratinocytes. Consequently, CLE significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines and interleukins in LPS-stimulated cells. Our results indicated that CLE has protective effects against LPS-induced injury in an in vitro model and is a potential alternative agent for inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eunson Hwang
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.Z.); (N.Q.D.); (M.K.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Tae Hoo Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.Z.); (N.Q.D.); (M.K.); (S.D.Z.)
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Kura B, Kalocayova B, Szeiffova Bacova B, Fulop M, Sagatova A, Sykora M, Andelova K, Abuawad Z, Slezak J. The effect of selected drugs on the mitigation of myocardial injury caused by gamma radiation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:80-88. [PMID: 33438486 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiation damage of healthy tissues represents one of the complications of radiotherapy effectiveness. This study is focused on the screening of potentially effective drugs routinely used in medical practice and involved in the mechanism of radiation injury, namely for radiation-induced production of free radicals in the body. Experiments in rats revealed significant reduction of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) and inflammatory marker (tumor necrosis factor α) in 10 Gy irradiated groups after administration of atorvastatin and a slight decrease after tadalafil administration, which indicates that one of the possible mechanisms for mitigation of radiation-induced cardiac damage could be the modulation of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelium and phosphodiesterase 5. In addition, miRNAs were analyzed as potential markers and therapeutically effective molecules. Expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-15b showed the most significant changes after irradiation. Atorvastatin and tadalafil normalized changes of miRNA (miRNA-1, miRNA-15b, miRNA-21) expression levels in irradiated hearts. This screening study concludes that administration of specific drugs could mitigate the negative impact of radiation on the heart, but more detailed experiments oriented to other aspects of drug effectiveness and their exact mechanisms are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marko Fulop
- Slovak Medical University, 831 01, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Sagatova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Andelova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ziad Abuawad
- Faculty of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Free Radicals as a Double-Edged Sword: The Cancer Preventive and Therapeutic Roles of Curcumin. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225390. [PMID: 33217990 PMCID: PMC7698794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals, generally composed of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are generated in the body by various endogenous and exogenous systems. The overproduction of free radicals is known to cause several chronic diseases including cancer. However, increased production of free radicals by chemotherapeutic drugs is also associated with apoptosis in cancer cells, indicating the dual nature of free radicals. Among various natural compounds, curcumin manifests as an antioxidant in normal cells that helps in the prevention of carcinogenesis. It also acts as a prooxidant in cancer cells and is associated with inducing apoptosis. Curcumin quenches free radicals, induces antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), and upregulates antioxidative protein markers-Nrf2 and HO-1 that lead to the suppression of cellular oxidative stress. In cancer cells, curcumin aggressively increases ROS that results in DNA damage and subsequently cancer cell death. It also sensitizes drug-resistant cancer cells and increases the anticancer effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, curcumin shows beneficial effects in prevention, treatment and chemosensitization of cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the dual role of free radicals as well as the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of curcumin and its analogues against cancer.
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Yang CX, Xing L, Chang X, Zhou TJ, Bi YY, Yu ZQ, Zhang ZQ, Jiang HL. Synergistic Platinum(II) Prodrug Nanoparticles for Enhanced Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1300-1309. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Yang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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7
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Ovarian Cancer Dissemination-A Cell Biologist's Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121957. [PMID: 31817625 PMCID: PMC6966436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) comprises multiple disease states representing a variety of distinct tumors that, irrespective of tissue of origin, genetic aberrations and pathological features, share common patterns of dissemination to the peritoneal cavity. EOC peritoneal dissemination is a stepwise process that includes the formation of malignant outgrowths that detach and establish widespread peritoneal metastases through adhesion to serosal membranes. The cell biology associated with outgrowth formation, detachment, and de novo adhesion is at the nexus of diverse genetic backgrounds that characterize the disease. Development of treatment for metastatic disease will require detailed characterization of cellular processes involved in each step of EOC peritoneal dissemination. This article offers a review of the literature that relates to the current stage of knowledge about distinct steps of EOC peritoneal dissemination, with emphasis on the cell biology aspects of the process.
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Choi H, Chaiyamongkol W, Doolittle AC, Johnson ZI, Gogate SS, Schoepflin ZR, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. COX-2 expression mediated by calcium-TonEBP signaling axis under hyperosmotic conditions serves osmoprotective function in nucleus pulposus cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8969-8981. [PMID: 29700115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral discs experiences dynamic changes in tissue osmolarity because of diurnal loading of the spine. TonEBP/NFAT5 is a transcription factor that is critical in osmoregulation as well as survival of NP cells in the hyperosmotic milieu. The goal of this study was to investigate whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is osmoresponsive and dependent on TonEBP, and whether it serves an osmoprotective role. NP cells up-regulated COX-2 expression in hyperosmotic media. The induction of COX-2 depended on elevation of intracellular calcium levels and p38 MAPK pathway, but independent of calcineurin signaling as well as MEK/ERK and JNK pathways. Under hyperosmotic conditions, both COX-2 mRNA stability and its proximal promoter activity were increased. The proximal COX-2 promoter (-1840/+123 bp) contained predicted binding sites for TonEBP, AP-1, NF-κB, and C/EBP-β. While COX-2 promoter activity was positively regulated by both AP-1 and NF-κB, AP-1 had no effect and NF-κB negatively regulated COX-2 protein levels under hyperosmotic conditions. On the other hand, TonEBP was necessary for both COX-2 promoter activity and protein up-regulation in response to hyperosmotic stimuli. Ex vivo disc organ culture studies using hypomorphic TonEBP+/- mice confirmed that TonEBP is required for hyperosmotic induction of COX-2. Importantly, the inhibition of COX-2 activity under hyperosmotic conditions resulted in decreased cell viability, suggesting that COX-2 plays a cytoprotective and homeostatic role in NP cells for their adaptation to dynamically loaded hyperosmotic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Choi
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Weera Chaiyamongkol
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Alexandra C Doolittle
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Zariel I Johnson
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Shilpa S Gogate
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Zachary R Schoepflin
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
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Liao X, Huang C, Zhang D, Wang J, Li J, Jin H, Huang C. Mitochondrial catalase induces cells transformation through nucleolin-dependent Cox-2 mRNA stabilization. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:478-486. [PMID: 29097213 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It's well documented that over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes detrimental damages to cells. While a low level of ROS, such as H2O2, functions as signaling transducer and motivates cell proliferation in both cancer and non-transformed stem cells. As a double-edged sword, the direct evidence for demonstrating the function of H2O2 in the cause of tumor is barely characterized in intact cells. In our current study, we found that targeted expression of mitochondrial catalase (mCAT), but not catalase, could significantly reduce the accumulation of H2O2 in mouse epithelial JB6 Cl41 cells, consequently led to the cell malignant transformation and anchorage-independent cell growth. Further study revealed that this reduction of H2O2 resulted in the translocation of nucleolin from the cytoplasm to nuclear, and maintaining the nucleolin nuclear location status, and in turn stabilizing the cox-2 mRNA and consequently leading to a COX-2 protein upregulation, as well as malignant transforming mCAT-overexpressed Cl41 cells. Collectively, our studies here provide direct experimental evidence demonstrating a novel function and molecular mechanisms of mCAT in transforming mouse Cl41 cells, and high significance insight into understanding the beneficial aspect of H2O2 in circumventing tumor promotion and the theoretical basis for the management of H2O2 in the clinic implementation as a chemotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liao
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, Tuxedo Park, NY 10987, USA.
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Madonna R, Balistreri CR, Geng YJ, De Caterina R. Diabetic microangiopathy: Pathogenetic insights and novel therapeutic approaches. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 90:1-7. [PMID: 28137665 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic microangiopathy, including retinopathy, is characterized by abnormal growth and leakage of small blood vessels, resulting in local edema and functional impairment of the depending tissues. Mechanisms leading to the impairment of microcirculation in diabetes are multiple and still largely unclear. However, a dysregulated vascular regeneration appears to play a key role. In addition, oxidative and hyperosmolar stress, as well as the activation of inflammatory pathways triggered by advanced glycation end-products and toll-like receptors, have been recognized as key underlying events. Here, we review recent knowledge on cellular and molecular pathways of microvascular disease in diabetes. We also highlight how new insights into pathogenic mechanisms of vascular damage in diabetes may indicate new targets for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Excellence on Aging (CesiMet), Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; The Texas Heart Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- The Texas Heart Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Center of Excellence on Aging (CesiMet), Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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Zhang K, Zeng X, Chen Y, Zhao R, Wang H, Wu J. Therapeutic effects of Qian-Yu decoction and its three extracts on carrageenan-induced chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:75. [PMID: 28122556 PMCID: PMC5264336 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qian-Yu decoction (QYD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe composed of Radix astragali (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K. Hsiao, Fabaceae ), Herba epimedii (Epimedium brevicornum Maxim., Berberidaceae), Herba leonuri (Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Lamiaceae), Cortex phellodendri (Phellodendron chinense Schneid., Rutaceae) and Radix achyranthis bidentatae (Achyranthes bidentata Bl., Amaranthaceae). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic activity of QYD against carrageenan-induced chronic prostatic/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in rats and further elucidate its effective components. METHODS Three types of components, total polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total saponins were separately extracted from QYD. Carrageenan-induced CP/CPPS rats were intragastrically administered with lyophilized product of QYD, individual extracts and all the combined forms of extracts for three weeks. Prostatic index (PI) was determined and histopathological analysis was performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) in rat prostate tissues were measured using ELISA. The production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was evaluated by an enzymatic activity assay, and the release of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by a nitrate/nitrite assay. RESULTS Treatment with QYD significantly ameliorated the histological changes of CP/CPPS rats and reduced the PI by 44.3%, with a marked downregulation of TNF-α (42.8% reduction), IL-1β (45.3%), COX-2 (36.6%), PGE2 (44.2%), iNOS (54.1%) and NO (46.0%). Each of three extracts attenuated the symptom of CP/CPPS, but much more weakly than QYD. The combined administration of three extracts showed efficacy comparable to that of QYD while better than that of any combination of two extracts. A principal component analysis of the six inflammatory mediators as variables indicated that the effects of TS on CP/CPPS were rather different from those of TF and TP, which were similar. CONCLUSIONS QYD can be beneficial in prevention and treatment of CP/CPPS. Polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins, as the major effective components of QYD, exert a cooperative effect on CP/CPPS.
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Xiao T, Zhu JJ, Huang S, Peng C, He S, Du J, Hong R, Chen X, Bode AM, Jiang W, Dong Z, Zheng D. Phosphorylation of NFAT3 by CDK3 induces cell transformation and promotes tumor growth in skin cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:2835-2845. [PMID: 27893713 PMCID: PMC5442426 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family proteins are transcription factors that regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other genes during the immune response. Although the NFAT proteins have been extensively investigated in the immune system, their role in cancer progression remains controversial. Here, we report that NFAT3 is highly expressed in various skin cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Knockdown of endogenous NFAT3 expression by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation, colony formation and anchorage-independent cell growth. Furthermore, results of the mammalian two-hybrid assay showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (CDK3) directly interacted with NFAT3 and phosphorylated NFAT3 at serine 259 (Ser259), which enhanced the transactivation and transcriptional activity of NFAT3. The phosphorylation site of NFAT3 was critical for epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated cell transformation of the HaCaT immortalized skin cell line and mutation of NFAT3 at Ser259 led to a reduction of colony formation in soft agar. We also found that overexpressing wildtype NFAT3, but not mutant NFAT3-S259A, promoted A431 xenograft tumor growth. Importantly, we showed that CDK3, NFAT3 and phosphorylated NFAT3-Ser259 were highly expressed in skin cancer compared with normal skin tissues. These results provided evidence supporting the oncogenic potential of NFAT3 and suggested that CDK3-mediated phosphorylation of NFAT3 has an important role in skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - S Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - C Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - S He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - J Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - R Hong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - X Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - A M Bode
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - W Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Dong
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - D Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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13
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Huang H, Zhu J, Li Y, Zhang L, Gu J, Xie Q, Jin H, Che X, Li J, Huang C, Chen LC, Lyu J, Gao J, Huang C. Upregulation of SQSTM1/p62 contributes to nickel-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Autophagy 2016; 12:1687-1703. [PMID: 27467530 PMCID: PMC5079680 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1196313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung inflammation is accepted as being associated with the development of lung cancer caused by nickel exposure. Therefore, identifying the molecular mechanisms that lead to a nickel-induced sustained inflammatory microenvironment that causes transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells is of high significance. In the current studies, we identified SQSTM1/p62 as a novel nickel-upregulated protein that is important for nickel-induced inflammatory TNF expression, subsequently resulting in transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. We found that nickel exposure induced SQSTM1 protein upregulation in human lung epithelial cells in vitro and in mouse lung tissues in vivo. The SQSTM1 upregulation was also observed in human lung squamous cell carcinoma. Further studies revealed that the knockdown of SQSTM1 expression dramatically inhibited transformation of human lung epithelial cells upon chronic nickel exposure, whereas ectopic expression of SQSTM1 promoted such transformation. Mechanistic studies showed that the SQSTM1 upregulation by nickel was the compromised result of upregulating SQSTM1 mRNA transcription and promoting SQSTM1 protein degradation. We demonstrated that nickel-initiated SQSTM1 protein degradation is mediated by macroautophagy/autophagy via an MTOR-ULK1-BECN1 axis, whereas RELA is important for SQSTM1 transcriptional upregulation following nickel exposure. Furthermore, SQSTM1 upregulation exhibited its promotion of nickel-induced cell transformation through exerting an impetus for nickel-induced inflammatory TNF mRNA stability. Consistently, the MTOR-ULK1-BECN1 autophagic cascade acted as an inhibitory effect on nickel-induced TNF expression and cell transformation. Collectively, our results demonstrate a novel SQSTM1 regulatory network that promotes a nickel-induced tumorigenic effect in human bronchial epithelial cells, which is negatively controlled by an autophagic cascade following nickel exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Huang
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Junlan Zhu
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Yang Li
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Liping Zhang
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jiayan Gu
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Qipeng Xie
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Honglei Jin
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Xun Che
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Chao Huang
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jimin Gao
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
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14
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Madonna R, Giovannelli G, Confalone P, Renna FV, Geng YJ, De Caterina R. High glucose-induced hyperosmolarity contributes to COX-2 expression and angiogenesis: implications for diabetic retinopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:18. [PMID: 26822858 PMCID: PMC4731895 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We tested the hypothesis that glucose-induced hyperosmolarity, occurring in diabetic hyperglycemia, promotes retinal angiogenesis, and that interference with osmolarity signaling ameliorates excessive angiogenesis and retinopathy in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results We incubated human aortic (HAECs) and dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) with glucose or mannitol for 24 h and tested them for protein levels and in vitro angiogenesis. We used the Ins2 Akita mice as a model of type 1 diabetes to test the in vivo relevance of in vitro observations. Compared to incubations with normal (5 mmol/L) glucose concentrations, cells exposed to both high glucose and high mannitol (at 30.5 or 50.5 mmol/L) increased expression of the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. This was preceded by increased activity of the osmolarity-sensitive transcription factor Tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP), and enhanced endothelial migration and tubulization in Matrigel, reverted by treatment with AQP1 and TonEBP siRNA. Retinas of Ins2 Akita mice showed increased levels of AQP1 and COX-2, as well as angiogenesis, all reverted by AQP1 siRNA intravitreal injections. Conclusions Glucose-related hyperosmolarity seems to be able to promote angiogenesis and retinopathy through activation of TonEBP and possibly increasing expression of AQP1 and COX-2. Osmolarity signaling may be a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Center of Excellence on Aging, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy. .,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gaia Giovannelli
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Pamela Confalone
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Center of Excellence on Aging, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesca Vera Renna
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Center of Excellence on Aging, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Center of Excellence on Aging, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
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15
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Huang H, Pan X, Jin H, Li Y, Zhang L, Yang C, Liu P, Liu Y, Chen L, Li J, Zhu J, Zeng X, Fu K, Chen G, Gao J, Huang C. PHLPP2 Downregulation Contributes to Lung Carcinogenesis Following B[a]P/B[a]PDE Exposure. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3783-93. [PMID: 25977341 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The carcinogenic capacity of B[a]P/B[a]PDE is supported by epidemiologic studies. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for B[a]P/B[a]PDE-caused lung cancer have not been well investigated. We evaluated here the role of novel target PHLPP2 in lung inflammation and carcinogenesis upon B[a]P/B[a]PDE exposure. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used the Western blotting, RT-PCR, [(35)S]methionine pulse and immunohistochemistry staining to determine PHLPP2 downregulation following B[a]P/B[a]PDE exposure. Both B[a]PDE-induced Beas-2B cell transformation model and B[a]P-caused mouse lung cancer model were used to elucidate the mechanisms leading to PHLPP2 downregulation and lung carcinogenesis. The important findings were also extended to in vivo human studies. RESULTS We found that B[a]P/B[a]PDE exposure downregulated PHLPP2 expression in human lung epithelial cells in vitro and in mouse lung tissues in vivo. The ectopic expression of PHLPP2 dramatically inhibited cell transformation upon B[a]PDE exposure. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-205 induction was crucial for inhibition of PHLPP2 protein translation by targeting PHLPP2-3'-UTR. Interestingly, PHLPP2 expression was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) expression, with low PHLPP2 and high TNFα expression in lung cancer tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal lung tissues. Additional studies revealed that PHLPP2 exhibited its antitumorigenic effect of B[a]P/B[a]PDE through the repression of inflammatory TNFα transcription. CONCLUSIONS Our studies not only first time identify PHLPP2 downregulation by lung carcinogen B[a]P/B[a]PDE, but also elucidate a novel molecular mechanisms underlying lung inflammation and carcinogenesis upon B[a]P/B[a]PDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Xiaofu Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Yang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caili Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Xingruo Zeng
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Guorong Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York.
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16
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Lee JH, Kim JE, Jang YJ, Lee CC, Lim TG, Jung SK, Lee E, Lim SS, Heo YS, Seo SG, Son JE, Kim JR, Lee CY, Lee HJ, Lee KW. Dehydroglyasperin C suppresses TPA-induced cell transformation through direct inhibition of MKK4 and PI3K. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:552-62. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health; Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14456 USA
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health; Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team; Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gwon Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Joe Eun Son
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rhan Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14456 USA
- Department of Biochemistry; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah SA
| | - Hyong Joo Lee
- Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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17
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Wei J, Du K, Cai Q, Ma L, Jiao Z, Tan J, Xu Z, Li J, Luo W, Chen J, Gao J, Zhang D, Huang C. Lead induces COX-2 expression in glial cells in a NFAT-dependent, AP-1/NFκB-independent manner. Toxicology 2014; 325:67-73. [PMID: 25193092 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have provided solid evidence for the neurotoxic effect of lead for decades of years. In view of the fact that children are more vulnerable to the neurotoxicity of lead, lead exposure has been an urgent public health concern. The modes of action of lead neurotoxic effects include disturbance of neurotransmitter storage and release, damage of mitochondria, as well as induction of apoptosis in neurons, cerebrovascular endothelial cells, astroglia and oligodendroglia. Our studies here, from a novel point of view, demonstrates that lead specifically caused induction of COX-2, a well known inflammatory mediator in neurons and glia cells. Furthermore, we revealed that COX-2 was induced by lead in a transcription-dependent manner, which relayed on transcription factor NFAT, rather than AP-1 and NFκB, in glial cells. Considering the important functions of COX-2 in mediation of inflammation reaction and oxidative stress, our studies here provide a mechanistic insight into the understanding of lead-associated inflammatory neurotoxicity effect via activation of pro-inflammatory NFAT3/COX-2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Kejun Du
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qinzhen Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jinrong Tan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Wenjin Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
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18
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Pan MG, Xiong Y, Chen F. NFAT gene family in inflammation and cancer. Curr Mol Med 2013; 13:543-54. [PMID: 22950383 DOI: 10.2174/1566524011313040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin-NFAT signaling is critical for numerous aspects of vertebrate function during and after embryonic development. Initially discovered in T cells, the NFAT gene family, consisting of five members, regulates immune system, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, cardiac valve formation, myocardial development, axonal guidance, skeletal muscle development, bone homeostasis, development and metastasis of cancer, and many other biological processes. In this review we will focus on the NFAT literature relevant to the two closely related pathological systems: inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-G Pan
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA.
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19
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Zuo Z, Ouyang W, Li J, Costa M, Huang C. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediates arsenite inhibition of UVB-induced cellular apoptosis in mouse epidermal Cl41 cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2012; 12:607-16. [PMID: 22463588 DOI: 10.2174/156800912801784802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is an environmental human carcinogen, and has been shown to act as a co-carcinogen with solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in mouse skin tumor induction even at low concentrations. However, the precise mechanism of its co-carcinogenic action is largely unknown. Apoptosis plays an essential role as a protective mechanism against neoplastic development in the organism by eliminating genetically damaged cells. Thus, suppression of apoptosis is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis. It is known that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) can promote carcinogenesis by inhibiting cell apoptosis under stress conditions; and our current studies investigated the potential contribution of COX-2 to the inhibitory effect of arsenite in UV-induced cell apoptosis in mouse epidermal Cl41 cells. We found that treatment of cells with low concentration (5 μM) arsenite attenuated cellular apoptosis upon UVB radiation accompanied with a coinductive effect on COX-2 expression and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) transactivation. Our results also showed that the COX-2 induction by arsenite and UVB depended on an NFκB pathway because COX-2 co-induction could be attenuated in either p65-deficient or p50-deficient cells. Moreover, UVB-induced cell apoptosis could be dramatically reduced by the introduction of exogenous COX-2 expression, whereas the inhibitory effect of arsenite on UVB-induced cell apoptosis could be impaired in COX-2 knockdown C141 cells. Our results indicated that COX-2 mediated the anti-apoptotic effect of arsenite in UVB radiation through an NFκB-dependent pathway. Given the importance of apoptosis evasion during carcinogenesis, we anticipated that COX-2 induction might be at least partially responsible for the co-carcinogenic effect of arsenite on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zuo
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, 10987, USA
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20
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Cai T, Li X, Ding J, Luo W, Li J, Huang C. A cross-talk between NFAT and NF-κB pathways is crucial for nickel-induced COX-2 expression in Beas-2B cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2011; 11:548-59. [PMID: 21486220 DOI: 10.2174/156800911795656001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a critical enzyme implicated in chronic inflammation-associated cancer development. Our studies have shown that the exposure of Beas-2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, to lung carcinogenic nickel compounds results in increased COX-2 expression. However, the signaling pathways leading to nickel-induced COX-2 expression are not well understood. In the current study, we found that the exposure of Beas-2B cells to nickel compounds resulted in the activation of both nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The expression of COX-2 induced upon nickel exposure was inhibited by either a NFAT pharmacological inhibitor or the knockdown of NFAT3 by specific siRNA. We further found that the activation of NFAT and NF-κB was dependent on each other. Since our previous studies have shown that NF-κB activation is critical for nickel-induced COX-2 expression in Beas-2B cells exposed to nickel compounds under same experimental condition, we anticipate that there might be a cross-talk between the activation of NFAT and NF-κB for the COX-2 induction due to nickel exposure in Beas-2B cells. Furthermore, we showed that the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by introduction of mitochondrial catalase inhibited the activation of both NFAT and NF-κB, and the induction of COX-2 due to nickel exposure. Taken together, our results defining the evidence showing a key role of the cross-talk between NFAT and NF-κB pathways in regulating nickel-induced COX-2 expression, further provide insight into the understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking nickel exposure to its lung carcinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjian Cai
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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21
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Hai L, Kawarabayashi Y, Imai Y, Honda A, Inoue R. Counteracting effect of TRPC1-associated Ca2+ influx on TNF-α-induced COX-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 production in human colonic myofibroblasts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G356-67. [PMID: 21546578 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00354.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α-NF-κB signaling plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and neoplasia. One major consequence of this signaling in the gut is increased production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) via cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction in myofibroblasts, which has been reported to be dependent on Ca(2+). In this study, we explored a potential role of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins in this Ca(2+)-mediated signaling using a human colonic myofibroblast cell line CCD-18Co. In CCD-18Co cell, treatment with TNF-α greatly enhanced Ca(2+) influx induced by store depletion along with increased cell-surface expression of TRPC1 protein (but not of the other TRPC isoforms) and induction of a Gd(3+)-sensitive nonselective cationic conductance. Selective inhibition of TRPC1 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or functionally effective TRPC1 antibody targeting the near-pore region of TRPC1 (T1E3) antagonized the enhancement of store-dependent Ca(2+) influx by TNF-α, whereas potentiated TNF-α induced PGE(2) production. Overexpression of TRPC1 in CCD-18Co produced opposite consequences. Inhibitors of NF-κB (curcumin, SN-50) attenuated TNF-α-induced enhancement of TRPC1 expression, store-dependent Ca(2+) influx, and COX-2-dependent PGE(2) production. In contrast, inhibition of calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cell proteins (NFAT) signaling by FK506 or NFAT Activation Inhibitor III enhanced the PGE(2) production without affecting TRPC1 expression and the Ca(2+) influx. Finally, the suppression of store-dependent Ca(2+) influx by T1E3 antibody or siRNA knockdown significantly facilitated TNF-α-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. In aggregate, these results strongly suggest that, in colonic myofibroblasts, NF-κB and NFAT serve as important positive and negative transcriptional regulators of TNF-α-induced COX-2-dependent PGE(2) production, respectively, at the downstream of TRPC1-associated Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hai
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Japan
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Kim JE, Son JE, Jang YJ, Lee DE, Kang NJ, Jung SK, Heo YS, Lee KW, Lee HJ. Luteolin, a novel natural inhibitor of tumor progression locus 2 serine/threonine kinase, inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in JB6 mouse epidermis cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:1013-22. [PMID: 21705614 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.179200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated signal pathways may be a promising strategy for developing chemopreventive agents, because TNF-α-mediated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression plays a key role in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Luteolin [2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone] exerts anticarcinogenic effects, although little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific targets of this compound. In the present study, we found that luteolin inhibited TNF-α-induced COX-2 expression by down-regulating the transactivation of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1. Furthermore, luteolin inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1/ERK/p90(RSK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun, and Akt/p70(S6K). However, it had no effect on the phosphorylation of p38. These effects of luteolin on TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways and COX-2 expression are similar to those achieved by blocking tumor progression locus 2 serine/threonine kinase (TPL2) using pharmacologic inhibitors and small interfering RNAs. Luteolin inhibited TPL2 activity in vitro and in TPL2 immunoprecipitation kinase assays by binding directly in an ATP-competitive manner. Overall, these results indicate that luteolin exerts potent chemopreventive activities, which primarily target TPL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- World Class University Biomodulation Program, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rogerson FM, Chung YM, Deutscher ME, Last K, Fosang AJ. Cytokine-induced increases in ADAMTS-4 messenger RNA expression do not lead to increased aggrecanase activity in ADAMTS-5-deficient mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:3365-73. [PMID: 20662062 DOI: 10.1002/art.27661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the regulation of aggrecanase messenger RNA (mRNA) and enzyme activity by proinflammatory cytokines in primary mouse chondrocytes. METHODS Primary chondrocytes were isolated from knee epiphyses of 6-8-day-old mice and cultured as monolayers. The cells were incubated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), oncostatin M (OSM), or interleukin-6 (IL-6)/soluble IL-6 receptor, and mRNA levels were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction at various time points. To measure aggrecanase activity, the cells were incubated with cytokine in the presence of exogenous aggrecan, and substrate cleavage was measured using antibodies to neoepitopes. RESULTS Expression of both ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 mRNA was up-regulated by TNFα and OSM. ADAMTS-5 mRNA expression was also up-regulated by IL-6. Treatment of wild-type mouse chondrocytes with each of the 3 cytokines increased cleavage of aggrecan at Glu(373)↓(374) Ala and Glu(1670)↓(1671) Gly; in chondrocytes lacking ADAMTS-5 activity, there was negligible cleavage at either site despite increased expression of ADAMTS-4 mRNA in the presence of TNFα or OSM. None of the cytokines substantially altered mRNA expression of ADAMTS-1 or ADAMTS-9. CONCLUSION Despite substantial increases in the expression of ADAMTS-4 mRNA induced by TNFα and OSM, these cytokines induced little if any increase in aggrecanolysis in ADAMTS-5-deficient mouse chondrocytes. Our data show a poor correlation between the level of cytokine-induced ADAMTS-4 mRNA expression and the level of aggrecan-degrading activity in cultured chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser M Rogerson
- University of Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Cocoa polyphenols suppress TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression by inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) activities in mouse epidermal cells. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:957-64. [PMID: 20550744 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa polyphenols have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has a vital role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as cancer and psoriasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is associated with tumorigenesis, CVD, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. We tested whether cocoa polyphenol extract (CPE) inhibited TNF-α-induced VEGF expression in promotion-sensitive JB6 mouse epidermal cells. CPE significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced up-regulation of VEGF via reducing TNF-α-induced activation of the nuclear transcription factors activator protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-κB, which are key regulators of VEGF expression. CPE also inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. CPE blocked activation of their downstream kinases, p70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase and p90 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase. CPE suppressed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity via binding PI3K directly. CPE did not affect TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) but suppressed TNF-α-induced MEK1 activity. Collectively, these results indicate that CPE reduced TNF-α-induced up-regulation of VEGF by directly inhibiting PI3K and MEK1 activities, which may contribute to its chemopreventive potential.
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25
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Lagunas L, Clipstone NA. Deregulated NFATc1 activity transforms murine fibroblasts via an autocrine growth factor-mediated Stat3-dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2010; 108:237-48. [PMID: 19565565 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors has recently been implicated with a role in tumorigenesis. Forced expression of a constitutively active NFATc1 mutant (caNFATc1) has been shown to transform immortalized murine fibroblasts in vitro, while constitutive activation of the NFAT-signaling pathway has been found in a number of human cancers, where it has been shown to contribute towards various aspects of the tumor phenotype. Here we have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic potential of deregulated NFAT activity. We now show that ectopic expression of caNFATc1 in murine 3T3-L1 fibroblasts induces the secretion of an autocrine factor(s) that is sufficient to promote the transformed phenotype. We further demonstrate that this NFATc1-induced autocrine factor(s) specifically induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of the Stat3 transcription factor via a JAK kinase-dependent pathway. Interestingly, this effect of sustained NFAT signaling on the autocrine growth factor-mediated activation of Stat3 is not restricted to murine fibroblasts, but is also observed in the PANC-1 and MCF10A human cell lines. Most importantly, we find that the shRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous Stat3 significantly attenuates the ability of caNFATc1 to transform 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Taken together, our results afford significant new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic potential of deregulated NFATc1 activity by demonstrating that constitutive NFATc1 activity transforms cells via an autocrine factor-mediated pathway that is critically dependent upon the activity of the Stat3 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Lagunas
- Department of Pharmacology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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Furman JL, Artiushin IA, Norris CM. Disparate effects of serum on basal and evoked NFAT activity in primary astrocyte cultures. Neurosci Lett 2010; 469:365-9. [PMID: 20026181 PMCID: PMC2815028 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In astrocytes, the Ca(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (CN) strongly regulates neuro-immune/inflammatory cascades through activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). While primary cell cultures provide a useful model system for investigating astrocytic CN/NFAT signaling, variable results may arise both within and across labs because of differences in culture conditions. Here, we determined the extent to which serum and cell confluency affect basal and evoked astrocytic NFAT activity in primary cortical astrocyte cultures. Cells were grown to either approximately 50% or >90% confluency, pre-loaded with an NFAT-luciferase reporter construct, and maintained for 16 h in medium with or without 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). NFAT-dependent luciferase expression was then measured 5h after treatment with vehicle alone to assess basal NFAT activity, or with Ca(2+) mobilizers and IL-1 beta to assess evoked activity. The results revealed significantly higher levels of basal NFAT activity in FBS-containing medium, regardless of cell confluency. Conversely, evoked NFAT activation was significantly lower in serum-containing medium, with an even greater inhibition observed in confluent cultures. Application of 10% FBS to serum-free astrocyte cultures quickly evoked a roughly seven-fold increase in NFAT activity that was significantly reduced by co-delivery of neutralizing agents for IL-1 beta, TNFalpha, and/or IFN gamma, suggesting that serum occludes evoked NFAT activation through a cytokine-based mechanism. Together, the results demonstrate that the presence of serum and cell confluency have a major impact on CN/NFAT signaling in primary astrocyte cultures and therefore must be taken into consideration when using this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Furman
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Irina A. Artiushin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Christopher M. Norris
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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Ghosh S, Tewari R, Dixit D, Sen E. TNFα induced oxidative stress dependent Akt signaling affects actin cytoskeletal organization in glioma cells. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Gopinath S, Vanamala SK, Gujrati M, Klopfenstein JD, Dinh DH, Rao JS. Doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis in glioma cells requires NFAT3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3967-78. [PMID: 19784808 PMCID: PMC2809824 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a family of transcription factors, has been implicated in many cellular processes, including some cancers. Here, we characterize, for the first time, the role of NFAT3 in doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated apoptosis, migration, and invasion in SNB19 and U87 glioma cells. This study demonstrates that the specific knockdown of NFAT3 results in a dramatic inhibition of the apoptotic effect induced by DOX and favors cell survival. Inhibition of NFAT3 activation by shNFAT3 (shNF3) significantly downregulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induction, its receptor TNFR1, caspase 10, caspase 3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, abrogating DOX-mediated apoptosis in glioma cells. DOX treatment resulted in NFAT3 translocation to the nucleus. Similarly, shNF3 treatment in SNB19 and U87 cells reversed DOX-induced inhibition of cell migration and invasion, as determined by wound healing and matrigel invasion assays. Taken together, these results indicate that NFAT3 is a prerequisite for the induction of DOX-mediated apoptosis in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelatha Gopinath
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, 1649, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Sravan K. Vanamala
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, 1649, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Meena Gujrati
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Klopfenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Dzung H. Dinh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Jasti S. Rao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, 1649, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
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Favale N, Casali C, Lepera L, Pescio L, Fernández-Tome M. Hypertonic induction of COX2 expression requires TonEBP/NFAT5 in renal epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 381:301-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hwang MK, Kang NJ, Heo YS, Lee KW, Lee HJ. Fyn kinase is a direct molecular target of delphinidin for the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1213-22. [PMID: 19174152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2008] [Revised: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-mediated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression plays key roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis, particularly skin carcinogenesis, and hence targeting the TNF-alpha-mediated signaling pathway might be a promising strategy for developing chemopreventive agents against skin cancer and other skin disorders. Here we report that Fyn kinase - one of the members of the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase family - is involved in TNF-alpha-induced COX-2 expression, and that delphinidin - a major anthocyanidin present in red wine and berries - inhibits these effects by directly inhibiting Fyn kinase activity. Delphinidin strongly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced COX-2 expression in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal (JB6 P+) cells, whereas two other major phenolic compounds (resveratrol and gallic acid) did not exert significant inhibitory effects. Delphinidin inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylations of JNK, p38 MAP kinase, Akt, p90RSK, MSK1, and ERK, and subsequently blocked the activation of the eukaryotic transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Kinase and pull-down assay data revealed that delphinidin inhibited Fyn kinase activity and directly bound with Fyn kinase noncompetitively with ATP. By using PP2 (a commercial inhibitor of Fyn kinase) and siRNA-Fyn, we confirmed that Fyn kinase is involved in TNF-alpha-induced COX-2 expression mainly by down-regulating JNK in JB6 P+ cells. Together these findings suggest that the targeted inhibition of Fyn kinase activity and COX-2 expression by delphinidin contributes to the chemopreventive potential of red wine and berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Kyung Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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Zhang D, Li J, Gao J, Huang C. c-Jun/AP-1 pathway-mediated cyclin D1 expression participates in low dose arsenite-induced transformation in mouse epidermal JB6 Cl41 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 235:18-24. [PMID: 19059425 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-documented human carcinogen associated with skin carcinogenesis. Our previous work reveals that arsenite exposure is able to induce cell transformation in mouse epidermal cell JB6 Cl41 through the activation of ERK, rather than JNK pathway. Our current studies further evaluate downstream pathway in low dose arsenite-induced cell transformation in JB6 Cl41 cells. Our results showed that treatment of cells with low dose arsenite induced activation of c-Jun/AP-1 pathway, and ectopic expression of dominant negative mutant of c-Jun (TAM67) blocked arsenite-induced transformation. Furthermore, our data indicated that cyclin D1 was an important downstream molecule involved in c-Jun/AP-1-mediated cell transformation upon low dose arsenite exposure, because inhibition of cyclin D1 expression by its specific siRNA in the JB6 Cl41 cells resulted in impairment of anchorage-independent growth of cells induced by low dose arsenite. Collectively, our results demonstrate that c-Jun/AP-1-mediated cyclin D1 expression is at least one of the key events implicated in cell transformation upon low dose arsenite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays important roles in diverse cellular events such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF is secreted by inflammatory cells, which may be involved in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. TNF exerts its biological functions through activating distinct signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). NF-kappaB is a major cell survival signal that is anti-apoptotic, whereas sustained JNK activation contributes to cell death. The crosstalk between the NF-kappaB and JNK is involved in determining cellular outcomes in response to TNF. In regard to cancer, TNF is a double-dealer. On one hand, TNF could be an endogenous tumor promoter, because TNF stimulates the growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis of cancer cells. On the other hand, TNF could be a cancer killer. The property of TNF in inducing cancer cell death renders it a potential cancer therapeutic, although much work is needed to reduce its toxicity for systematic TNF administration. Recent studies have focused on sensitizing cancer cells to TNF-induced apoptosis through inhibiting survival signals such as NF-kappaB, by combined therapy. In this article we provide an overview of the roles of TNF-induced signaling pathways in cancer biology with specific emphasis on carcinogenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Inhibition of peripheral TNF can block the malaise associated with CNS inflammatory diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 32:125-32. [PMID: 18672064 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating cytokine levels are elevated in many neuropathologies and may be a cause of the associated malaise and depression. Using a rat model, we demonstrate that sickness behaviors generated by microinjection of IL-1beta into the anterior hypothalamus are adopted by naive recipient animals following plasma transfer. We further show that neutralizing peripheral TNF by etanercept (a p75 TNF receptor/Fc fusion protein) prior to the IL-1beta microinjection inhibits certain IL-1beta-mediated sickness behaviors, such as the depression of open-field activity and reduced glucose consumption. IL-1beta-induced central lesions induce peripheral TNF as part of the acute-phase response, and this appears to be the principal target of the etanercept. Thus behavioral changes induced by CNS lesions may result from peripheral expression of cytokines that can be targeted with drugs which do not need to cross the blood-brain barrier to be efficacious.
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Kang NJ, Lee KW, Lee DE, Rogozin EA, Bode AM, Lee HJ, Dong Z. Cocoa procyanidins suppress transformation by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20664-73. [PMID: 18519570 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800263200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa was shown to inhibit chemically induced carcinogenesis in animals and exert antioxidant activity in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms of the chemopreventive potential of cocoa and its active ingredient(s) remain unknown. Here we report that cocoa procyanidins inhibit neoplastic cell transformation by suppressing the kinase activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK). A cocoa procyanidin fraction (CPF) and procyanidin B2 at 5 mug/ml and 40 mum, respectively, inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced neoplastic transformation of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal (JB6 P+) cells by 47 and 93%, respectively. The TPA-induced promoter activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2, which is involved in tumor promotion and inflammation, were dose-dependently inhibited by CPF or procyanidin B2. The activation of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB induced by TPA was also attenuated by CPF or procyanidin B2. The TPA-induced phosphorylation of MEK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p90 ribosomal s6 kinase was suppressed by CPF or procyanidin B2. In vitro and ex vivo kinase assay data demonstrated that CPF or procyanidin B2 inhibited the kinase activity of MEK1 and directly bound with MEK1. CPF or procyanidin B2 suppressed JB6 P+ cell transformation induced by epidermal growth factor or H-Ras, both of which are known to be involved in MEK/ERK signal activation. In contrast, theobromine (up to 80 mum) had no effect on TPA-induced transformation, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, the transactivation of activator protein-1 or nuclear factor-kappaB, or MEK. Notably, procyanidin B2 exerted stronger inhibitory effects compared with PD098059 (a well known pharmacological inhibitor of MEK) on MEK1 activity and neoplastic cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Joo Kang
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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Zhang D, Li J, Song L, Ouyang W, Gao J, Huang C. AJNK1/AP-1–Dependent,COX-2Induction Is Implicated in 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate–Induced Cell Transformation through Regulating Cell Cycle Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:165-74. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Ouyang W, Luo W, Zhang D, Jian J, Ma Q, Li J, Shi X, Chen J, Gao J, Huang C. PI-3K/Akt pathway-dependent cyclin D1 expression is responsible for arsenite-induced human keratinocyte transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:1-6. [PMID: 18197291 PMCID: PMC2199295 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure of arsenite leads to human skin cancer. However, the exact mechanisms of arsenite-induced human skin carcinogenesis remain to be defined. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the potential role of PI-3K/Akt/cyclin D1in the transformation of human keratinocytic cells upon arsenite exposure. METHODS We used the soft agar assay to evaluate the cell transformation activity of arsenite exposure and the nude mice xenograft model to determine the tumorigenesis of arsenite-induced transformed cells. We used the dominant negative mutant and gene knockdown approaches to elucidate the signaling pathway involved in this process. RESULTS Our results showed that repeated long-term exposure of HaCat cells to arsenite caused cell transformation, as indicated by anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. The tumorigenicity of these transformed cells was confirmed in nude mice. Treatment of cells with arsenite also induced significant activation of PI-3K and Akt, which was responsible for the anchorage-independent cell growth induced by arsenite exposure. Furthermore, our data also indicated that cyclin D1 is an important downstream molecule involved in PI-3K/Akt-mediated cell transformation upon arsenite exposure based on the facts that inhibition of cyclin D1 expression by dominant negative mutants of PI-3K, and Akt, or the knockdown of the cyclin D1 expression by its specific siRNA in the HaCat cells resulted in impairing of anchorage-independent growth of HaCat cells induced by arsenite. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that PI-3K/Akt-mediated cyclin D1 expression is at least one key event implicated in the arsenite human skin carcinogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Ouyang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Jinlong Jian
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
- Address correspondence to C. Huang, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd., Tuxedo, NY 10987 USA. Telephone: (845) 731-3519. Fax: (845) 351-2320. E-mail:
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Tang H, Sun Y, Xiu Q, Lu H, Han H. Cyclooxygenase-2 induction requires activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells in Beas-2B cells after vanadium exposure and plays an anti-apoptotic role. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 468:92-9. [PMID: 17961495 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium, a potent toxic agent and carcinogen, is widely used in industry. Evidences show that exposure to vanadium is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. But the mechanisms involved are far from fully understood. In this present study, we investigated that exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) to vanadium pentoxide resulted in an obvious induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and this induction was both dose- and time-dependent. Exposure of Beas-2B cells to vanadium pentoxide also led to significant activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) on a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of NFAT by dominant negative mutant of NFAT (DN-NFAT) resulted in a dramatic inhibition of COX-2 expression induced by vanadium pentoxide, showing that NFAT activation was required for COX-2 induction by vanadium pentoxide in Beas-2B cells. Moreover, knockdown of COX-2 expression by COX-2-specific small interference RNA and blockage of NFAT pathway by DN-NFAT and NFAT3 small interference RNA showed an increased cell apoptosis in Beas-2B on vanadium exposure. Together, our results demonstrated that COX-2 expression could be induced by vanadium pentoxide in NFAT-dependent way and played an anti-apoptotic role in Beas-2B cells. From the results, we anticipate that the carcinogenesis of vanadium to human bronchial cells may result from anti-apoptosis mediated by the NFAT-dependent induction of COX-2, and we also assume that either pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic effect in certain type of cells after vanadium exposure may depend on the level of COX-2 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Ding J, Wu K, Zhang D, Luo W, Li J, Ouyang W, Song L, Huang C. Activation of both nuclear factor of activated T cells and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B kinase beta-subunit-/nuclear factor-kappa B is critical for cyclooxygenase-2 induction by benzo[a]pyrene in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:1323-9. [PMID: 17640307 PMCID: PMC11159518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The carcinogenic effect of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), presenting mainly in cigarette smoke and air pollution, has been well demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. However, it is still not well understood how B[a]P facilitates pulmonary carcinogenesis. To explore this, we investigated the effect of B[a]P on the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a critical enzyme implicated in inflammation and cancer development, as well as upstream signaling pathways leading to its expression in human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B). We found that exposure of Beas-2B to B[a]P caused significant COX-2 induction at both the transcriptional and protein levels. B[a]P also switched on the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathways. B[a]P-induced COX-2 expression was significantly blocked by inhibition of the NFAT pathway, and impairment of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway by ectopic expression of an inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB kinase beta-subunit (IKKbeta) kinase inactive mutant (IKKbeta-KM) also dramatically inhibited COX-2 induction. The IKKbeta/NF-kappaB-dependent COX-2 induction was further confirmed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts with IKKbeta deficiency (IKKbeta(-/-)) and in those that expressed reconstituted IKKbeta. However, activation of the NFAT and NF-kappaB signaling pathways by B[a]P were independent of each other, as blocking one signaling pathway didn't interrupt the activation of the other one. Mutation of either NFAT or NF-kappaB binding sites significantly blocked COX-2 promoter induction by B[a]P. Taken together, these data indicate that exposure of Beas-2B to B[a]P can upregulate COX-2 expression by increasing its transcription, which requires activation of both the NFAT and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ding
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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Li QB, Chen ZC, You Y, Zou P. Small interfering RNA of cyclooxygenase-2 induces growth inhibition and apoptosis independently of Bcl-2 in human myeloma RPMI8226 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1031-6. [PMID: 17588340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of small interfering RNA of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human multiple myeloma RPMI8226 cells and its relation with the Bcl-2 family in vitro. METHODS Transcription and expression of COX-2 in human myeloma RPMI8226 cells were checked by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The COX-2 siRNA fragment targeting exon 5 of COX-2 gene was transfected into the cells with the Amaxa nucleofection technique. The inhibition of cell growth was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was estimated by Annexin-V/ propidium iodide double-labeled cytometry and confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay. Bcl-2 and Bax expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The COX-2 siRNA fragment could be successfully transfected into RPMI8226 cells, which resulted in the significant inhibition of transcription and expression of COX-2 in the myeloma cells. Proliferation of the transfected cells was inhibited and apoptosis was induced (6.52%+/-0.32%, 12.53%+/-2.52%, 24.39%+/-3.51% and 36.48%+/-4.96% for 0, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively) in a time-dependent manner (P<0.01). However, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the RPMI8226 cells had no significant changes after nucleofection. CONCLUSION COX-2 siRNA transfection can suppress COX-2 expression in human myeloma RPMI8226 cells, which leads to growth inhibition and apoptosis independent of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-bai Li
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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