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Gogishvili D, Illes-Toth E, Harris MJ, Hopley C, Teunissen CE, Abeln S. Structural flexibility and heterogeneity of recombinant human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Proteins 2024; 92:649-664. [PMID: 38149328 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a promising biomarker for brain and spinal cord disorders. Recent studies have highlighted the differences in the reliability of GFAP measurements in different biological matrices. The reason for these discrepancies is poorly understood as our knowledge of the protein's 3-dimensional conformation, proteoforms, and aggregation remains limited. Here, we investigate the structural properties of GFAP under different conditions. For this, we characterized recombinant GFAP proteins from various suppliers and applied hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to provide a snapshot of the conformational dynamics of GFAP in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) compared to the phosphate buffer. Our findings indicate that recombinant GFAP exists in various conformational species. Furthermore, we show that GFAP dimers remained intact under denaturing conditions. HDX-MS experiments show an overall decrease in H-bonding and an increase in solvent accessibility of GFAP in aCSF compared to the phosphate buffer, with clear indications of mixed EX2 and EX1 kinetics. To understand possible structural interface regions and the evolutionary conservation profiles, we combined HDX-MS results with the predicted GFAP-dimer structure by AlphaFold-Multimer. We found that deprotected regions with high structural flexibility in aCSF overlap with predicted conserved dimeric 1B and 2B domain interfaces. Structural property predictions combined with the HDX data show an overall deprotection and signatures of aggregation in aCSF. We anticipate that the outcomes of this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the structural flexibility of GFAP and ultimately shed light on its behavior in different biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Gogishvili
- Bioinformatics, Computer Science Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AI Technology for Life, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Illes-Toth
- National Measurement Laboratory at Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC), Teddington, UK
| | - Matthew J Harris
- National Measurement Laboratory at Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC), Teddington, UK
| | - Christopher Hopley
- National Measurement Laboratory at Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC), Teddington, UK
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Abeln
- Bioinformatics, Computer Science Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AI Technology for Life, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Biomolecular condensation involving the cytoskeleton. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:105-117. [PMID: 36690162 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensation of proteins contributes to the organization of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. A number of condensation processes appear to be directly involved in regulating the structure, function and dynamics of the cytoskeleton. Liquid-liquid phase separation of cytoskeleton proteins, together with polymerization modulators, promotes cytoskeletal fiber nucleation and branching. Furthermore, the attachment of protein condensates to the cytoskeleton can contribute to cytoskeleton stability and organization, regulate transport, create patterns of functional reaction containers, and connect the cytoskeleton with membranes. Surface-bound condensates can exert and buffer mechanical forces that give stability and flexibility to the cytoskeleton, thus, may play a large role in cell biology. In this review, we introduce the concept and role of cellular biomolecular condensation, explain its special function on cytoskeletal fiber surfaces, and point out potential definition and experimental caveats. We review the current literature on protein condensation processes related to the actin, tubulin, and intermediate filament cytoskeleton, and discuss some of them in the context of neurobiology. In summary, we provide an overview about biomolecular condensation in relation to cytoskeleton structure and function, which offers a base for the exploration and interpretation of cytoskeletal condensates in neurobiology.
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3
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Pathways to Parkinson's disease: a spotlight on 14-3-3 proteins. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:85. [PMID: 34548498 PMCID: PMC8455551 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3s represent a family of highly conserved 30 kDa acidic proteins. 14-3-3s recognize and bind specific phospho-sequences on client partners and operate as molecular hubs to regulate their activity, localization, folding, degradation, and protein-protein interactions. 14-3-3s are also associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases, among which Parkinson's disease (PD). 14-3-3s are found within Lewy bodies (LBs) in PD patients, and their neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in several animal models of PD. Notably, 14-3-3s interact with some of the major proteins known to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Here we first provide a detailed overview of the molecular composition and structural features of 14-3-3s, laying significant emphasis on their peculiar target-binding mechanisms. We then briefly describe the implication of 14-3-3s in the central nervous system and focus on their interaction with LRRK2, α-Synuclein, and Parkin, three of the major players in PD onset and progression. We finally discuss how different types of small molecules may interfere with 14-3-3s interactome, thus representing a valid strategy in the future of drug discovery.
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4
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Abstract
Fifty years have passed since the discovery of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by Lawrence Eng and colleagues. Now recognized as a member of the intermediate filament family of proteins, it has become a subject for study in fields as diverse as structural biology, cell biology, gene expression, basic neuroscience, clinical genetics and gene therapy. This review covers each of these areas, presenting an overview of current understanding and controversies regarding GFAP with the goal of stimulating continued study of this fascinating protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albee Messing
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Michael Brenner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham
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5
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Borodinova AA, Balaban PM, Bezprozvanny IB, Salmina AB, Vlasova OL. Genetic Constructs for the Control of Astrocytes' Activity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071600. [PMID: 34202359 PMCID: PMC8306323 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current review, we aim to discuss the principles and the perspectives of using the genetic constructs based on AAV vectors to regulate astrocytes’ activity. Practical applications of optogenetic approaches utilizing different genetically encoded opsins to control astroglia activity were evaluated. The diversity of astrocytic cell-types complicates the rational design of an ideal viral vector for particular experimental goals. Therefore, efficient and sufficient targeting of astrocytes is a multiparametric process that requires a combination of specific AAV serotypes naturally predisposed to transduce astroglia with astrocyte-specific promoters in the AAV cassette. Inadequate combinations may result in off-target neuronal transduction to different degrees. Potentially, these constraints may be bypassed with the latest strategies of generating novel synthetic AAV serotypes with specified properties by rational engineering of AAV capsids or using directed evolution approach by searching within a more specific promoter or its replacement with the unique enhancer sequences characterized using modern molecular techniques (ChIP-seq, scATAC-seq, snATAC-seq) to drive the selective transgene expression in the target population of cells or desired brain regions. Realizing these strategies to restrict expression and to efficiently target astrocytic populations in specific brain regions or across the brain has great potential to enable future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Borodinova
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology of Learning, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel M. Balaban
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology of Learning, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.B.); (A.B.S.); (O.L.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilya B. Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.B.); (A.B.S.); (O.L.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alla B. Salmina
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.B.); (A.B.S.); (O.L.V.)
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga L. Vlasova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.B.); (A.B.S.); (O.L.V.)
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6
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Mariani RA, Paranjpe S, Dobrowolski R, Weber GF. 14-3-3 targets keratin intermediate filaments to mechanically sensitive cell-cell contacts. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:930-943. [PMID: 32074004 PMCID: PMC7185971 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeletal networks simultaneously support mechanical integrity and influence signal transduction pathways. Marked remodeling of the keratin IF network accompanies collective cellular morphogenetic movements that occur during early embryonic development in the frog Xenopus laevis. While this reorganization of keratin is initiated by force transduction on cell–cell contacts mediated by C-cadherin, the mechanism by which keratin filament reorganization occurs remains poorly understood. In this work, we demonstrate that 14-3-3 proteins regulate keratin reorganization dynamics in embryonic mesendoderm cells from Xenopus gastrula. 14-3-3 colocalizes with keratin filaments near cell–cell junctions in migrating mesendoderm. Coimmunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic analyses indicate 14-3-3 is associated with Keratin 19 (K19) in the whole embryo and, more specifically, mesendoderm tissue. Inhibition of 14-3-3 results in both the decreased exchange of keratin subunits into filaments and blocks keratin filament recruitment toward cell–cell contacts. Synthetically coupling 14-3-3 to K19 through a unique fusion construct conversely induces the localization of this keratin population to the region of cell–cell contacts. Taken together, these findings indicate that 14-3-3 acts on keratin IFs and is involved in their reorganization to sites of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Mariani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Shalaka Paranjpe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102.,Department of Biology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46227
| | - Gregory F Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102.,Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
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7
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Effect of Weightlessness on the 3D Structure Formation and Physiologic Function of Human Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4894083. [PMID: 31073526 PMCID: PMC6470427 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4894083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern medical technology and the deterioration of living environments, cancer, the most important disease that threatens human health, has attracted increasing concerns. Although remarkable achievements have been made in tumor research during the past several decades, a series of problems such as tumor metastasis and drug resistance still need to be solved. Recently, relevant physiological changes during space exploration have attracted much attention. Thus, space exploration might provide some inspiration for cancer research. Using on ground different methods in order to simulate microgravity, structure and function of cancer cells undergo many unique changes, such as cell aggregation to form 3D spheroids, cell-cycle inhibition, and changes in migration ability and apoptosis. Although numerous better experiments have been conducted on this subject, the results are not consistent. The reason might be that different methods for simulation have been used, including clinostats, random positioning machine (RPM) and rotating wall vessel (RWV) and so on. Therefore, we review the relevant research and try to explain novel mechanisms underlying tumor cell changes under weightlessness.
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8
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Selective 14-3-3γ Upregulation Promotes Beclin-1-LC3-Autophagic Influx via β-Catenin Interaction in Starved Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:849-858. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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de Pablo Y, Chen M, Möllerström E, Pekna M, Pekny M. Drugs targeting intermediate filaments can improve neurosupportive properties of astrocytes. Brain Res Bull 2018; 136:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Moeton M, Stassen OMJA, Sluijs JA, van der Meer VWN, Kluivers LJ, van Hoorn H, Schmidt T, Reits EAJ, van Strien ME, Hol EM. GFAP isoforms control intermediate filament network dynamics, cell morphology, and focal adhesions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4101-20. [PMID: 27141937 PMCID: PMC5043008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the characteristic intermediate filament (IF) protein in astrocytes. Expression of its main isoforms, GFAPα and GFAPδ, varies in astrocytes and astrocytoma implying a potential regulatory role in astrocyte physiology and pathology. An IF-network is a dynamic structure and has been functionally linked to cell motility, proliferation, and morphology. There is a constant exchange of IF-proteins with the network. To study differences in the dynamic properties of GFAPα and GFAPδ, we performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments on astrocytoma cells with fluorescently tagged GFAPs. Here, we show for the first time that the exchange of GFP-GFAPδ was significantly slower than the exchange of GFP-GFAPα with the IF-network. Furthermore, a collapsed IF-network, induced by GFAPδ expression, led to a further decrease in fluorescence recovery of both GFP-GFAPα and GFP-GFAPδ. This altered IF-network also changed cell morphology and the focal adhesion size, but did not alter cell migration or proliferation. Our study provides further insight into the modulation of the dynamic properties and functional consequences of the IF-network composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Moeton
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar M J A Stassen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics & Engineering, Department of biomedical engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W N van der Meer
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselot J Kluivers
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hedde van Hoorn
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A J Reits
- Cell Biology and Histology, AMC Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam E van Strien
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Perng MD, Huang YS, Quinlan RA. Purification of Protein Chaperones and Their Functional Assays with Intermediate Filaments. Methods Enzymol 2016; 569:155-75. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Levine J, Kwon E, Paez P, Yan W, Czerwieniec G, Loo JA, Sofroniew MV, Wanner IB. Traumatically injured astrocytes release a proteomic signature modulated by STAT3-dependent cell survival. Glia 2015; 64:668-94. [PMID: 26683444 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular markers associated with CNS injury are of diagnostic interest. Mechanical trauma generates cellular deformation associated with membrane permeability with unknown molecular consequences. We used an in vitro model of stretch-injury and proteomic analyses to determine protein changes in murine astrocytes and their surrounding fluids. Abrupt pressure-pulse stretching resulted in the rapid release of 59 astrocytic proteins with profiles reflecting cell injury and cell death, i.e., mechanoporation and cell lysis. This acute trauma-release proteome was overrepresented with metabolic proteins compared with the uninjured cellular proteome, bearing relevance for post-traumatic metabolic depression. Astrocyte-specific deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3-CKO) resulted in reduced stretch-injury tolerance, elevated necrosis and increased protein release. Consistent with more lysed cells, more protein complexes, nuclear and transport proteins were released from STAT3-CKO versus nontransgenic astrocytes. STAT3-CKO astrocytes had reduced basal expression of GFAP, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), aldolase C (ALDOC), and astrocytic phosphoprotein 15 (PEA15), and elevated levels of tropomyosin (TPM4) and α actinin 4 (ACTN4). Stretching caused STAT3-dependent cellular depletion of PEA15 and GFAP, and its filament disassembly in subpopulations of injured astrocytes. PEA15 and ALDOC signals were low in injured astrocytes acutely after mouse spinal cord crush injury and were robustly expressed in reactive astrocytes 1 day postinjury. In contrast, α crystallin (CRYAB) was present in acutely injured astrocytes, and absent from uninjured and reactive astrocytes, demonstrating novel marker differences among postinjury astrocytes. These findings reveal a proteomic signature of traumatically-injured astrocytes reflecting STAT3-dependent cellular survival with potential diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclynn Levine
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunice Kwon
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pablo Paez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, Buffalo, New York
| | - Weihong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregg Czerwieniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ina-Beate Wanner
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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13
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Li Y, Bu C, Li T, Wang S, Jiang F, Yi Y, Yang H, Zhang Z. Cloning and analysis of DnaJ family members in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Gene 2015; 576:88-98. [PMID: 26434795 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in a variety of critical biological functions, including protein folding, degradation, and translocation and macromolecule assembly, act as molecular chaperones during periods of stress by binding to other proteins. Using expressed sequence tag (EST) and silkworm (Bombyx mori) transcriptome databases, we identified 27 cDNA sequences encoding the conserved J domain, which is found in DnaJ-type Hsps. Of the 27 J domain-containing sequences, 25 were complete cDNA sequences. We divided them into three types according to the number and presence of conserved domains. By analyzing the gene structures, intron numbers, and conserved domains and constructing a phylogenetic tree, we found that the DnaJ family had undergone convergent evolution, obtaining new domains to expand the diversity of its family members. The acquisition of the new DnaJ domains most likely occurred prior to the evolutionary divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The expression of DnaJ genes in the silkworm was generally higher in the fat body. The tissue distribution of DnaJ1 proteins was detected by western blotting, demonstrating that in the fifth-instar larvae, the DnaJ1 proteins were expressed at their highest levels in hemocytes, followed by the fat body and head. We also found that the DnaJ1 transcripts were likely differentially translated in different tissues. Using immunofluorescence cytochemistry, we revealed that in the blood cells, DnaJ1 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Cuiyu Bu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tiantian Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shibao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhu Yi
- The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Huipeng Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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14
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Jiang N, Hu L, Liu C, Gao X, Zheng S. 60S ribosomal protein L35 regulates β-casein translational elongation and secretion in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 583:130-9. [PMID: 26297660 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
60S ribosomal protein L35 (RPL35) is an important component of the 60S ribosomal subunit and has a role in protein translation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) docking. However, few studies have investigated RPL35 in eukaryotes and much remains to be learned. Here, we analyzed the function of RPL35 in β-casein (CSN2) synthesis and secretion in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). We found that methionine (Met) could promote the expressions of CSN2 and RPL35. Analysis of overexpression and inhibition of RPL35 confirmed that it could mediate the Met signal and regulate CSN2 expression. The mechanism of CSN2 regulation by RPL35 was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), colocalization, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and gene mutation. We found that RPL35 could control ribosome translational elongation during synthesis of CSN2 by interacting with eukaryotic translational elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and that eEF2 was the signaling molecule downstream of RPL35 controlling this process. RPL35 could also control the secretion of CSN2 by locating it to the ER. Taken together, these results revealed that, RPL35 was an important positive regulatory factor involving in the Met-mediated regulation of CSN2 translational elongation and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone, Liaoning, 116622, China; The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Lijun Hu
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Chaonan Liu
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xueli Gao
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Shimin Zheng
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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15
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Lowery J, Kuczmarski ER, Herrmann H, Goldman RD. Intermediate Filaments Play a Pivotal Role in Regulating Cell Architecture and Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17145-53. [PMID: 25957409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.640359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are composed of one or more members of a large family of cytoskeletal proteins, whose expression is cell- and tissue type-specific. Their importance in regulating the physiological properties of cells is becoming widely recognized in functions ranging from cell motility to signal transduction. IF proteins assemble into nanoscale biopolymers with unique strain-hardening properties that are related to their roles in regulating the mechanical integrity of cells. Furthermore, mutations in the genes encoding IF proteins cause a wide range of human diseases. Due to the number of different types of IF proteins, we have limited this short review to cover structure and function topics mainly related to the simpler homopolymeric IF networks composed of vimentin, and specifically for diseases, the related muscle-specific desmin IF networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lowery
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Edward R Kuczmarski
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Harald Herrmann
- the Division of Molecular Genetics (B060), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert D Goldman
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
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16
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Wang Q, Shen B, Zheng P, Feng H, Guo Y, Cao W, Chen L, Liu X, Zhao G, Xu S, Shen W, Chen J, Teng J. BmCREC is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein and required for ER/Golgi morphology. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26649-57. [PMID: 23921381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.463018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworm posterior silkgland is a model for studying intracellular trafficking. Here, using this model, we identify several potential cargo proteins of BmKinesin-1 and focus on one candidate, BmCREC. BmCREC (also known as Bombyx mori DNA supercoiling factor, BmSCF) was previously proposed to supercoil DNA in the nucleus. However, we show here that BmCREC is localized in the ER lumen. Its C-terminal tetrapeptide HDEF is recognized by the KDEL receptor, and subsequently it is retrogradely transported by coat protein I (COPI) vesicles to the ER. Lacking the HDEF tetrapeptide of BmCREC or knocking down COPI subunits results in decreased ER retention and simultaneously increased secretion of BmCREC. Furthermore, we find that BmCREC knockdown markedly disrupts the morphology of the ER and Golgi apparatus and leads to a defect of posterior silkgland tube expansion. Together, our results clarify the ER retention mechanism of BmCREC and reveal that BmCREC is indispensable for maintaining ER/Golgi morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Wang J, Shan C, Cao W, Zhang C, Teng J, Chen J. SCG10 promotes non-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein by facilitating its trafficking to the cell surface. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4888-900. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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18
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He R, Wu Q, Zhou H, Huang N, Chen J, Teng J. Cep57 protein is required for cytokinesis by facilitating central spindle microtubule organization. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14384-14390. [PMID: 23569207 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.441501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided into two daughter cells after the segregation of genetic material, and the central spindle and midbody are considered to be the essential structures required for the initiation and completion of cytokinesis. Here, we determined that the centrosome protein Cep57, which is localized to the central spindle and midbody, acts as a spindle organizer and is required for cytokinesis. Depletion of Cep57 disrupted microtubule assembly of the central spindle and further led to abnormal midbody localization of MKLP1, Plk1, and Aurora B, which resulted in cytokinesis failure and the formation of binuclear cells. Furthermore, we found that Cep57 directly recruited Tektin 1 to the midbody matrix to regulate microtubule organization. Thus, our data reveal that Cep57 is essential for cytokinesis via regulation of central spindle assembly and formation of the midbody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qixi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haining Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Junlin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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19
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Miao L, Teng J, Lin J, Liao X, Chen J. 14-3-3 proteins interact with neurofilament protein-L and regulate dynamic assembly of neurofilaments. J Cell Sci 2012; 126:427-36. [PMID: 23230147 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament protein-L (NF-L) is the core component of neurofilaments. Recent studies indicate that the NF-L mutations reported in human Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease lead to the formation of NF-L aggregates and result in axon degeneration of motor and sensory neurons, which are thought to be the cause of CMT disease type 2E. In the present study, we investigated the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly and the mechanism of aggregate formation of CMT NF-L mutants. We report that 14-3-3 proteins interact with NF-L in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Investigation of mutations of phospho-serine sites at the head domain of NF-L revealed that several phosphorylation sites, particularly Ser43 and Ser55, were important for 14-3-3 binding. 14-3-3 overexpression resulted in a significant increase in the dynamic exchange rate of NF-L subunits and induced striking disassembly of neurofilaments. CMT NF-L mutants, particularly those with mutations in the Pro8 and Pro22 sites of the NF-L head domain, led to substantially diminished interaction between 14-3-3 and NF-L, which resulted in the formation of NF-L aggregates and the disruption of the neurofilament co-assembly of NF-L and NF-M. However, aggregate formation in CMT NF-L mutants was downregulated by 14-3-3 overexpression. Taken together, these results suggest the important role of 14-3-3 in the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly, and in the capacity to prevent the formation of NF-L aggregates. Thus, the 14-3-3 proteins are a possible molecular target for CMT disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Liu Y, Lv K, Li Z, Yu ACH, Chen J, Teng J. PACSIN1, a Tau-interacting protein, regulates axonal elongation and branching by facilitating microtubule instability. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39911-24. [PMID: 23035120 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.403451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a major member of the neuronal microtubule-associated proteins. It promotes tubulin assembly and stabilizes axonal microtubules. Previous studies have demonstrated that Tau forms cross-bridges between microtubules, with some particles located on cross-bridges, suggesting that some proteins interact with Tau and might be involved in regulating Tau-related microtubule dynamics. This study reports that PACSIN1 interacts with Tau in axon. PACSIN1 blockade results in impaired axonal elongation and a higher number of primary axonal branches in mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons, which is induced by increasing the binding ability of Tau to microtubules. In PACSIN1-blocked dorsal root ganglia neurons, a greater amount of Tau is inclined to accumulate in the central domain of growth cones, and it promotes the stability of the microtubule network. Taken together, these results suggest that PACSIN1 is an important Tau binding partner in regulating microtubule dynamics and forming axonal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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21
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Phosphorylation of GFAP is Associated with Injury in the Neonatal Pig Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2364-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Wu Q, He R, Zhou H, Yu ACH, Zhang B, Teng J, Chen J. Cep57, a NEDD1-binding pericentriolar material component, is essential for spindle pole integrity. Cell Res 2012; 22:1390-401. [PMID: 22508265 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of a bipolar spindle is indispensable for faithful chromosome segregation and cell division. Spindle integrity is largely dependent on the centrosome and the microtubule network. Centrosome protein Cep57 can bundle microtubules in mammalian cells. Its related protein (Cep57R) in Xenopus was characterized as a stabilization factor for microtubule-kinetochore attachment. Here we show that Cep57 is a pericentriolar material (PCM) component. Its interaction with NEDD1 is necessary for the centrosome localization of Cep57. Depletion of Cep57 leads to unaligned chromosomes and a multipolar spindle, which is induced by PCM fragmentation. In the absence of Cep57, centrosome microtubule array assembly activity is weakened, and the spindle length and microtubule density decrease. As a spindle microtubule-binding protein, Cep57 is also responsible for the proper organization of the spindle microtubule and localization of spindle pole focusing proteins. Collectively, these results suggest that Cep57, as a NEDD1-binding centrosome component, could function as a spindle pole- and microtubule-stabilizing factor for establishing robust spindle architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixi Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering and The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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23
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Wang Q, Feng H, Zheng P, Shen B, Chen L, Liu L, Liu X, Hao Q, Wang S, Chen J, Teng J. The intracellular transport and secretion of calumenin-1/2 in living cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35344. [PMID: 22514732 PMCID: PMC3325945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calumenin isoforms 1 and 2 (calu-1/2), encoded by the CALU gene, belong to the CREC protein family. Calu-1/2 proteins are secreted into the extracellular space, but the secretory process and regulatory mechanism are largely unknown. Here, using a time-lapse imaging system, we visualized the intracellular transport and secretory process of calu-1/2-EGFP after their translocation into the ER lumen. Interestingly, we observed that an abundance of calu-1/2-EGFP accumulated in cellular processes before being released into the extracellular space, while only part of calu-1/2-EGFP proteins were secreted directly after attaching to the cell periphery. Moreover, we found the secretion of calu-1/2-EGFP required microtubule integrity, and that calu-1/2-EGFP-containing vesicles were transported by the motor proteins Kif5b and cytoplasmic dynein. Finally, we determined the export signal of calu-1/2-EGFP (amino acid positions 20–46) and provided evidence that the asparagine at site 131 was indispensable for calu-1/2-EGFP stabilization. Taken together, we provide a detailed picture of the intracellular transport of calu-1/2-EGFP, which facilitates our understanding of the secretory mechanism of calu-1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Birong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunchang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Theoretical Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Boyd SE, Nair B, Ng SW, Keith JM, Orian JM. Computational characterization of 3' splice variants in the GFAP isoform family. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33565. [PMID: 22479412 PMCID: PMC3316583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament (IF) protein specific to central nervous system (CNS) astrocytes. It has been the subject of intense interest due to its association with neurodegenerative diseases, and because of growing evidence that IF proteins not only modulate cellular structure, but also cellular function. Moreover, GFAP has a family of splicing isoforms apparently more complex than that of other CNS IF proteins, consistent with it possessing a range of functional and structural roles. The gene consists of 9 exons, and to date all isoforms associated with 3' end splicing have been identified from modifications within intron 7, resulting in the generation of exon 7a (GFAPδ/ε) and 7b (GFAPκ). To better understand the nature and functional significance of variation in this region, we used a Bayesian multiple change-point approach to identify conserved regions. This is the first successful application of this method to a single gene--it has previously only been used in whole-genome analyses. We identified several highly or moderately conserved regions throughout the intron 7/7a/7b regions, including untranslated regions and regulatory features, consistent with the biology of GFAP. Several putative unconfirmed features were also identified, including a possible new isoform. We then integrated multiple computational analyses on both the DNA and protein sequences from the mouse, rat and human, showing that the major isoform, GFAPα, has highly conserved structure and features across the three species, whereas the minor isoforms GFAPδ/ε and GFAPκ have low conservation of structure and features at the distal 3' end, both relative to each other and relative to GFAPα. The overall picture suggests distinct and tightly regulated functions for the 3' end isoforms, consistent with complex astrocyte biology. The results illustrate a computational approach for characterising splicing isoform families, using both DNA and protein sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Boyd
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Betina Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sze Woei Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Keith
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M. Orian
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Sluchanko NN, Gusev NB. 14-3-3 proteins and regulation of cytoskeleton. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 75:1528-46. [PMID: 21417993 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910130031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proteins of the 14-3-3 family are universal adapters participating in multiple processes running in the cell. We describe the structure, isoform composition, and distribution of 14-3-3 proteins in different tissues. Different elements of 14-3-3 structure important for dimer formation and recognition of protein targets are analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to analysis of posttranslational modifications playing important roles in regulation of 14-3-3 function. The data of the literature concerning participation of 14-3-3 in regulation of intercellular contacts and different elements of cytoskeleton formed by microfilaments are analyzed. We also describe participation of 14-3-3 in regulation of small G-proteins and protein kinases important for proper functioning of cytoskeleton. The data on the interaction of 14-3-3 with different components of microtubules are presented, and the probable role of 14-3-3 in developing of certain neurodegenerative diseases is discussed. The data of the literature concerning the role of 14-3-3 in formation and normal functioning of intermediate filaments are also reviewed. It is concluded that due to its adapter properties 14-3-3 plays an important role in cytoskeleton regulation. The cytoskeletal proteins that are abundant in the cell might compete with the other protein targets of 14-3-3 and therefore can indirectly regulate many intracellular processes that are dependent on 14-3-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Sluchanko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
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26
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14-3-3 proteins in neurodegeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:696-704. [PMID: 21920445 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the first reported functions of 14-3-3 proteins was the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity suggesting a possible involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in Parkinson's disease. Since then the relevance of 14-3-3 proteins in the pathogenesis of chronic as well as acute neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, polyglutamine diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke has been recognized. The reported function of 14-3-3 proteins in this context are as diverse as the mechanism involved in neurodegeneration, reaching from basal cellular processes like apoptosis, over involvement in features common to many neurodegenerative diseases, like protein stabilization and aggregation, to very specific processes responsible for the selective vulnerability of cellular populations in single neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review what is currently known of the function of 14-3-3 proteins in nervous tissue focussing on the properties of 14-3-3 proteins important in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.
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27
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Progress in glial cell studies in some laboratories in China. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 53:330-337. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Bargagna-Mohan P, Paranthan RR, Hamza A, Dimova N, Trucchi B, Srinivasan C, Elliott GI, Zhan CG, Lau DL, Zhu H, Kasahara K, Inagaki M, Cambi F, Mohan R. Withaferin A targets intermediate filaments glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin in a model of retinal gliosis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7657-69. [PMID: 20048155 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.093765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliosis is a biological process that occurs during injury repair in the central nervous system and is characterized by the overexpression of the intermediate filaments (IFs) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. A common thread in many retinal diseases is reactive Müller cell gliosis, an untreatable condition that leads to tissue scarring and even blindness. Here, we demonstrate that the vimentin-targeting small molecule withaferin A (WFA) is a novel chemical probe of GFAP. Using molecular modeling studies that build on the x-ray crystal structure of tetrameric vimentin rod 2B domain we reveal that the WFA binding site is conserved in the corresponding domain of tetrameric GFAP. Consequently, we demonstrate that WFA covalently binds soluble recombinant tetrameric human GFAP at cysteine 294. In cultured primary astrocytes, WFA binds to and down-regulates soluble vimentin and GFAP expression to cause cell cycle G(0)/G(1) arrest. Exploiting a chemical injury model that overexpresses vimentin and GFAP in retinal Müller glia, we demonstrate that systemic delivery of WFA down-regulates soluble vimentin and GFAP expression in mouse retinas. This pharmacological knockdown of soluble IFs results in the impairment of GFAP filament assembly and inhibition of cell proliferative response in Müller glia. We further show that a more severe GFAP filament assembly deficit manifests in vimentin-deficient mice, which is partly rescued by WFA. These findings illustrate WFA as a chemical probe of type III IFs and illuminate this class of withanolide as a potential treatment for diverse gliosis-dependent central nervous system traumatic injury conditions and diseases, and for orphan IF-dependent pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bargagna-Mohan
- Departmentsof Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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29
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Nesvaderani M, Matsumoto I, Sivagnanasundaram S. Anterior hippocampus in schizophrenia pathogenesis: molecular evidence from a proteome study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2009; 43:310-22. [PMID: 19296286 DOI: 10.1080/00048670902721103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in the anterior and posterior hippocampus of brains of schizophrenia patients compared to neurologically healthy controls. METHOD Proteins extracted from fresh frozen post-mortem posterior and anterior hippocampus for nine schizophrenia and nine control individuals, and seven schizophrenia and seven control individuals, respectively, were screened for differential expression using 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. RESULTS A significantly larger number of protein spots were differentially expressed in the anterior (n = 43) compared to the posterior (n = 16) hippocampus, representing 34 and 14 unique proteins, respectively. These proteins are involved in cytoskeleton structure and function, neurotransmission and mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION Based on the aberrant protein expression profiles, the anterior hippocampus appears to be more involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis than the posterior hippocampus. Furthermore, consistent with previous findings, we found molecular evidence to support abnormal neuronal cytoarchitecture and function, neurotransmission and mitochondrial function in the schizophrenia hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nesvaderani
- Discipline of Pathology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Cho W, Messing A. Properties of astrocytes cultured from GFAP over-expressing and GFAP mutant mice. Exp Cell Res 2008; 315:1260-72. [PMID: 19146851 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alexander disease is a fatal leukoencephalopathy caused by dominantly-acting coding mutations in GFAP. Previous work has also implicated elevations in absolute levels of GFAP as central to the pathogenesis of the disease. However, identification of the critical astrocyte functions that are compromised by mis-expression of GFAP has not yet been possible. To provide new tools for investigating the nature of astrocyte dysfunction in Alexander disease, we have established primary astrocyte cultures from two mouse models of Alexander disease, a transgenic that over-expresses wild type human GFAP, and a knock-in at the endogenous mouse locus that mimics a common Alexander disease mutation. We find that mutant GFAP, as well as excess wild type GFAP, promotes formation of cytoplasmic inclusions, disrupts the cytoskeleton, decreases cell proliferation, increases cell death, reduces proteasomal function, and compromises astrocyte resistance to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosung Cho
- Waisman Center, Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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31
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Chambery A, Colucci-D’Amato L, Vissers JPC, Scarpella S, Langridge JI, Parente A. Proteomic Profiling of Proliferating and Differentiated Neural mes-c-myc A1 Cell Line from Mouse Embryonic Mesencephalon by LC−MS. J Proteome Res 2008; 8:227-38. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800454n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Colucci-D’Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes P. C. Vissers
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Scarpella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James I. Langridge
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
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32
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Perng MD, Wen SF, Gibbon T, Middeldorp J, Sluijs J, Hol EM, Quinlan RA. Glial fibrillary acidic protein filaments can tolerate the incorporation of assembly-compromised GFAP-delta, but with consequences for filament organization and alphaB-crystallin association. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:4521-33. [PMID: 18685083 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-03-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene is alternatively spliced to give GFAP-alpha, the most abundant isoform, and seven other differentially expressed transcripts including GFAP-delta. GFAP-delta has an altered C-terminal domain that renders it incapable of self-assembly in vitro. When titrated with GFAP-alpha, assembly was restored providing GFAP-delta levels were kept low (approximately 10%). In a range of immortalized and transformed astrocyte derived cell lines and human spinal cord, we show that GFAP-delta is naturally part of the endogenous intermediate filaments, although levels were low (approximately 10%). This suggests that GFAP filaments can naturally accommodate a small proportion of assembly-compromised partners. Indeed, two other assembly-compromised GFAP constructs, namely enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-tagged GFAP and the Alexander disease-causing GFAP mutant, R416W GFAP both showed similar in vitro assembly characteristics to GFAP-delta and could also be incorporated into endogenous filament networks in transfected cells, providing expression levels were kept low. Another common feature was the increased association of alphaB-crystallin with the intermediate filament fraction of transfected cells. These studies suggest that the major physiological role of the assembly-compromised GFAP-delta splice variant is as a modulator of the GFAP filament surface, effecting changes in both protein- and filament-filament associations as well as Jnk phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Perng
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Hyder CL, Pallari HM, Kochin V, Eriksson JE. Providing cellular signposts - Post-translational modifications of intermediate filaments. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:2140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sivagnanasundaram S, Crossett B, Dedova I, Cordwell S, Matsumoto I. Abnormal pathways in the genu of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia pathogenesis: a proteome study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:1291-305. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kim S, Coulombe PA. Intermediate filament scaffolds fulfill mechanical, organizational, and signaling functions in the cytoplasm. Genes Dev 2007; 21:1581-97. [PMID: 17606637 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1552107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal polymers whose protein constituents are encoded by a large family of differentially expressed genes. Owing in part to their properties and intracellular organization, IFs provide crucial structural support in the cytoplasm and nucleus, the perturbation of which causes cell and tissue fragility and accounts for a large number of genetic diseases in humans. A number of additional roles, nonmechanical in nature, have been recently uncovered for IF proteins. These include the regulation of key signaling pathways that control cell survival, cell growth, and vectorial processes including protein targeting in polarized cellular settings. As this discovery process continues to unfold, a rationale for the large size of this family and the context-dependent regulation of its members is finally emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Weinreb O, Amit T, Youdim MBH. A novel approach of proteomics and transcriptomics to study the mechanism of action of the antioxidant-iron chelator green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:546-56. [PMID: 17640565 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous findings suggest that the antioxidant-iron chelator green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) may have a neurorescue impact in aging and neurodegenerative diseases to retard or even reverse the accelerated rate of neuronal degeneration. The present study sought a deeper elucidation of the molecular neurorescue activity of EGCG in a progressive neurotoxic model of long-term serum deprivation of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In this model, proteomic analysis revealed that EGCG (0.1-1 microM) affected the expression levels of diverse proteins, including proteins related to cytoskeletal components, metabolism, heat shock, and binding. EGCG induced the levels of cytoskeletal proteins, such as beta tubulin IV and tropomyosin 3, playing a role in facilitating cell assembly. In accordance, EGCG increased the levels of the binding protein 14-3-3 gamma, involved in cytoskeletal regulation and signal transduction pathways in neurons. Additionally, EGCG decreased protein levels and mRNA expression of the beta subunit of the enzyme prolyl 4-hydroxylase, which belongs to a family of iron-oxygen sensors of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases that negatively regulate the stability and degradation of several proteins involved in cell survival and differentiation. Accordingly, EGCG decreased protein levels of two molecular chaperones that were associated with HIF regulation, the immunoglobulin-heavy-chain binding protein and the heat shock protein 90 beta. Thus, the present study sheds some light on the antioxidative-iron chelating activities of EGCG underlying its neuroprotective/neurorescue mechanism of action, further suggesting a potential neurodegenerative-modifying effect for EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Oriolo AS, Wald FA, Ramsauer VP, Salas PJI. Intermediate filaments: a role in epithelial polarity. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:2255-64. [PMID: 17425955 PMCID: PMC1986643 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments have long been considered mechanical components of the cell that provide resistance to deformation stress. Practical experimental problems, including insolubility, lack of good pharmacological antagonists, and the paucity of powerful genetic models have handicapped the research of other functions. In single-layered epithelial cells, keratin intermediate filaments are cortical, either apically polarized or apico-lateral. This review analyzes phenotypes of genetic manipulations of simple epithelial cell keratins in mice and Caenorhabditis elegans that strongly suggest a role of keratins in apico-basal polarization and membrane traffic. Published evidence that intermediate filaments can act as scaffolds for proteins involved in membrane traffic and signaling is also discussed. Such a scaffolding function would generate a highly polarized compartment within the cytoplasm of simple epithelial cells. While in most cases mechanistic explanations for the keratin-null or overexpression phenotypes are still missing, it is hoped that investigators will be encouraged to study these as yet poorly understood functions of intermediate filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Oriolo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave.-RMSB, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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