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Yu H, Li Y, Li L, Huang J, Wang X, Tang R, Jiang Z, Lv L, Chen F, Yu C, Yuan K. Functional reciprocity of proteins involved in mitosis and endocytosis. FEBS J 2020; 288:5850-5866. [PMID: 33300206 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis and endocytosis are two fundamental cellular processes essential for maintaining a eukaryotic life. Mitosis partitions duplicated chromatin enveloped in the nuclear membrane into two new cells, whereas endocytosis takes in extracellular substances through membrane invagination. These two processes are spatiotemporally separated and seemingly unrelated. However, recent studies have uncovered that endocytic proteins have moonlighting functions in mitosis, and mitotic complexes manifest additional roles in endocytosis. In this review, we summarize important proteins or protein complexes that participate in both processes, compare their mechanism of action, and discuss the rationale behind this multifunctionality. We also speculate on the possible origin of the functional reciprocity from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinshuang Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Xujuan Wang
- The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruijun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghui Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhong Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Biobank of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Camus SM, Camus MD, Figueras-Novoa C, Boncompain G, Sadacca LA, Esk C, Bigot A, Gould GW, Kioumourtzoglou D, Perez F, Bryant NJ, Mukherjee S, Brodsky FM. CHC22 clathrin mediates traffic from early secretory compartments for human GLUT4 pathway biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133472. [PMID: 31863584 PMCID: PMC7039200 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood glucose clearance relies on insulin-stimulated exocytosis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from sites of sequestration in muscle and fat. This work demonstrates that, in humans, CHC22 clathrin controls GLUT4 traffic from the ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment to sites of sequestration during GLUT4 pathway biogenesis. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is sequestered inside muscle and fat and then released by vesicle traffic to the cell surface in response to postprandial insulin for blood glucose clearance. Here, we map the biogenesis of this GLUT4 traffic pathway in humans, which involves clathrin isoform CHC22. We observe that GLUT4 transits through the early secretory pathway more slowly than the constitutively secreted GLUT1 transporter and localize CHC22 to the ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). CHC22 functions in transport from the ERGIC, as demonstrated by an essential role in forming the replication vacuole of Legionella pneumophila bacteria, which requires ERGIC-derived membrane. CHC22 complexes with ERGIC tether p115, GLUT4, and sortilin, and downregulation of either p115 or CHC22, but not GM130 or sortilin, abrogates insulin-responsive GLUT4 release. This indicates that CHC22 traffic initiates human GLUT4 sequestration from the ERGIC and defines a role for CHC22 in addition to retrograde sorting of GLUT4 after endocytic recapture, enhancing pathways for GLUT4 sequestration in humans relative to mice, which lack CHC22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane M Camus
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marine D Camus
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | | | - Christopher Esk
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Association Institut de Myologie, UMR S974 Centre for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dimitrios Kioumourtzoglou
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Nia J Bryant
- Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Shaeri Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Frances M Brodsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Abstract
Protein coats are supramolecular complexes that assemble on the cytosolic face of membranes to promote cargo sorting and transport carrier formation in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. Several types of protein coats have been described, including COPI, COPII, AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, AP-4, AP-5, and retromer, which operate at different stages of the endomembrane system. Defects in these coats impair specific transport pathways, compromising the function and viability of the cells. In humans, mutations in subunits of these coats cause various congenital diseases that are collectively referred to as coatopathies. In this article, we review the fundamental properties of protein coats and the diseases that result from mutation of their constituent subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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4
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Motahari Z, Moody SA, Maynard TM, LaMantia AS. In the line-up: deleted genes associated with DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome: are they all suspects? J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:7. [PMID: 31174463 PMCID: PMC6554986 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a copy number variation (CNV) disorder, occurs in approximately 1:4000 live births due to a heterozygous microdeletion at position 11.2 (proximal) on the q arm of human chromosome 22 (hChr22) (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011). This disorder was known as DiGeorge syndrome, Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) or conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF) based upon diagnostic cardiovascular, pharyngeal, and craniofacial anomalies (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011; Burn et al., J Med Genet 30:822-4, 1993) before this phenotypic spectrum was associated with 22q11.2 CNVs. Subsequently, 22q11.2 deletion emerged as a major genomic lesion associated with vulnerability for several clinically defined behavioral deficits common to a number of neurodevelopmental disorders (Fernandez et al., Principles of Developmental Genetics, 2015; Robin and Shprintzen, J Pediatr 147:90-6, 2005; Schneider et al., Am J Psychiatry 171:627-39, 2014). RESULTS The mechanistic relationships between heterozygously deleted 22q11.2 genes and 22q11DS phenotypes are still unknown. We assembled a comprehensive "line-up" of the 36 protein coding loci in the 1.5 Mb minimal critical deleted region on hChr22q11.2, plus 20 protein coding loci in the distal 1.5 Mb that defines the 3 Mb typical 22q11DS deletion. We categorized candidates based upon apparent primary cell biological functions. We analyzed 41 of these genes that encode known proteins to determine whether haploinsufficiency of any single 22q11.2 gene-a one gene to one phenotype correspondence due to heterozygous deletion restricted to that locus-versus complex multigenic interactions can account for single or multiple 22q11DS phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our 22q11.2 functional genomic assessment does not support current theories of single gene haploinsufficiency for one or all 22q11DS phenotypes. Shared molecular functions, convergence on fundamental cell biological processes, and related consequences of individual 22q11.2 genes point to a matrix of multigenic interactions due to diminished 22q11.2 gene dosage. These interactions target fundamental cellular mechanisms essential for development, maturation, or homeostasis at subsets of 22q11DS phenotypic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Motahari
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Sally Ann Moody
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Thomas Michael Maynard
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Anthony-Samuel LaMantia
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
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5
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Clathrin heavy chain 22 contributes to the control of neuropeptide degradation and secretion during neuronal development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2340. [PMID: 29402896 PMCID: PMC5799199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The repertoire of cell types in the human nervous system arises through a highly orchestrated process, the complexity of which is still being discovered. Here, we present evidence that CHC22 has a non-redundant role in an early stage of neural precursor differentiation, providing a potential explanation of why CHC22 deficient patients are unable to feel touch or pain. We show the CHC22 effect on neural differentiation is independent of the more common clathrin heavy chain CHC17, and that CHC22-dependent differentiation is mediated through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. Using quantitative proteomics, we define the composition of clathrin-coated vesicles in SH-SY5Y cells, and determine proteome changes induced by CHC22 depletion. In the absence of CHC22 a subset of dense core granule (DCG) neuropeptides accumulated, were processed into biologically active 'mature' forms, and secreted in sufficient quantity to trigger neural differentiation. When CHC22 is present, however, these DCG neuropeptides are directed to the lysosome and degraded, thus preventing differentiation. This suggests that the brief reduction seen in CHC22 expression in sensory neural precursors may license a step in neuron precursor neurodevelopment; and that this step is mediated through control of a novel neuropeptide processing pathway.
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6
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Wood LA, Larocque G, Clarke NI, Sarkar S, Royle SJ. New tools for "hot-wiring" clathrin-mediated endocytosis with temporal and spatial precision. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4351-4365. [PMID: 28954824 PMCID: PMC5716275 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major route of receptor internalization at the plasma membrane. Analysis of constitutive CME is difficult because the initiation of endocytic events is unpredictable. When and where a clathrin-coated pit will form and what cargo it will contain are difficult to foresee. Here we describe a series of genetically encoded reporters that allow the initiation of CME on demand. A clathrin-binding protein fragment ("hook") is inducibly attached to an "anchor" protein at the plasma membrane, which triggers the formation of new clathrin-coated vesicles. Our design incorporates temporal and spatial control by the use of chemical and optogenetic methods for inducing hook-anchor attachment. Moreover, the cargo is defined. Because several steps in vesicle creation are bypassed, we term it "hot-wiring." We use hot-wired endocytosis to describe the functional interactions between clathrin and AP2. Two distinct sites on the β2 subunit, one on the hinge and the other on the appendage, are necessary and sufficient for functional clathrin engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Wood
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Gabrielle Larocque
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Nicholas I Clarke
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
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7
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Dannhauser PN, Camus SM, Sakamoto K, Sadacca LA, Torres JA, Camus MD, Briant K, Vassilopoulos S, Rothnie A, Smith CJ, Brodsky FM. CHC22 and CHC17 clathrins have distinct biochemical properties and display differential regulation and function. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20834-20844. [PMID: 29097553 PMCID: PMC5743061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.816256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrins are cytoplasmic proteins that play essential roles in endocytosis and other membrane traffic pathways. Upon recruitment to intracellular membranes, the canonical clathrin triskelion assembles into a polyhedral protein coat that facilitates vesicle formation and captures cargo molecules for transport. The triskelion is formed by trimerization of three clathrin heavy-chain subunits. Most vertebrates have two isoforms of clathrin heavy chains, CHC17 and CHC22, generating two clathrins with distinct cellular functions. CHC17 forms vesicles at the plasma membrane for receptor-mediated endocytosis and at the trans-Golgi network for organelle biogenesis. CHC22 plays a key role in intracellular targeting of the insulin-regulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), accumulates at the site of GLUT4 sequestration during insulin resistance, and has also been implicated in neuronal development. Here, we demonstrate that CHC22 and CHC17 share morphological features, in that CHC22 forms a triskelion and latticed vesicle coats. However, cellular CHC22-coated vesicles were distinct from those formed by CHC17. The CHC22 coat was more stable to pH change and was not removed by the enzyme complex that disassembles the CHC17 coat. Moreover, the two clathrins were differentially recruited to membranes by adaptors, and CHC22 did not support vesicle formation or transferrin endocytosis at the plasma membrane in the presence or absence of CHC17. Our findings provide biochemical evidence for separate regulation and distinct functional niches for CHC17 and CHC22 in human cells. Furthermore, the greater stability of the CHC22 coat relative to the CHC17 coat may be relevant to its excessive accumulation with GLUT4 during insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip N Dannhauser
- From the Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,the Institute of Cell Biology/Electron Microscopy, Centre of Anatomy, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Stéphane M Camus
- From the Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,the Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and The G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kazuho Sakamoto
- the Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and The G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143.,the Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - L Amanda Sadacca
- From the Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge A Torres
- the Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and The G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Marine D Camus
- From the Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,the Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and The G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kit Briant
- From the Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- the Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and The G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143.,the Institut de Myologie, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Alice Rothnie
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom, and
| | - Corinne J Smith
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Brodsky
- From the Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, .,the Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and The G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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8
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Nahorski MS, Al-Gazali L, Hertecant J, Owen DJ, Borner GHH, Chen YC, Benn CL, Carvalho OP, Shaikh SS, Phelan A, Robinson MS, Royle SJ, Woods CG. A novel disorder reveals clathrin heavy chain-22 is essential for human pain and touch development. Brain 2015; 138:2147-60. [PMID: 26068709 PMCID: PMC4511860 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital inability to feel pain is very rare but the identification of causative genes has yielded significant insights into pain pathways and also novel targets for pain treatment. We report a novel recessive disorder characterized by congenital insensitivity to pain, inability to feel touch, and cognitive delay. Affected individuals harboured a homozygous missense mutation in CLTCL1 encoding the CHC22 clathrin heavy chain, p.E330K, which we demonstrate to have a functional effect on the protein. We found that CLTCL1 is significantly upregulated in the developing human brain, displaying an expression pattern suggestive of an early neurodevelopmental role. Guided by the disease phenotype, we investigated the role of CHC22 in two human neural crest differentiation systems; human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors and TRKB-dependant SH-SY5Y cells. In both there was a significant downregulation of CHC22 upon the onset of neural differentiation. Furthermore, knockdown of CHC22 induced neurite outgrowth in neural precursor cells, which was rescued by stable overexpression of small interfering RNA-resistant CHC22, but not by mutant CHC22. Similarly, overexpression of wild-type, but not mutant, CHC22 blocked neurite outgrowth in cells treated with retinoic acid. These results reveal an essential and non-redundant role for CHC22 in neural crest development and in the genesis of pain and touch sensing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nahorski
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- 2 Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - David J Owen
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Georg H H Borner
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK 4 Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ya-Chun Chen
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Caroline L Benn
- 5 Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge. CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Ofélia P Carvalho
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Samiha S Shaikh
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Anne Phelan
- 5 Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge. CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Margaret S Robinson
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stephen J Royle
- 6 Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - C Geoffrey Woods
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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9
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Cheeseman LP, Booth DG, Hood FE, Prior IA, Royle SJ. Aurora A kinase activity is required for localization of TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin inter-microtubule bridges. Commun Integr Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cib.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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10
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Hood FE, Royle SJ. Pulling it together: The mitotic function of TACC3. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 1:105-109. [PMID: 21922039 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.1.3.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transforming acidic coiled coil 3 (TACC3) is a non-motor microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that is important for mitotic spindle stability and organization. The exact mechanism by which TACC3 acts at microtubules to stabilize the spindle has been unclear. However, several recent studies identified that the TACC3 complex at microtubules contains clathrin in addition to its previously identified binding partner, colonic and hepatic tumor overexpressed gene (ch-TOG). In this complex, phosphorylated TACC3 interacts directly with both ch-TOG and clathrin heavy chain, promoting accumulation of all complex members at the mitotic spindle. This complex stabilizes kinetochore fibers within the spindle by forming cross-bridges that link adjacent microtubules in these bundles. So, TACC3 is an adaptor that recruits ch-TOG and clathrin to mitotic microtubules, in an Aurora A kinase-regulated manner. In this mini-review we will describe the recent advances in the understanding of TACC 3 function and present a model that pulls together these new data with previous observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Hood
- The Physiological Laboratory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool, UK
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11
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Zhao J, Wang L, Zhou HX, Liu L, Lu A, Li GP, Schatten H, Liang CG. Clathrin heavy chain 1 is required for spindle assembly and chromosome congression in mouse oocytes. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:1364-1373. [PMID: 23816345 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613001943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin heavy chain 1 (CLTC) has been considered a “moonlighting protein” which acts in membrane trafficking during interphase and in stabilizing spindle fibers during mitosis. However, its roles in meiosis, especially in mammalian oocyte maturation, remain unclear. This study investigated CLTC expression and function in spindle formation and chromosome congression during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Our results showed that the expression level of CLTC increased after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and peaked in the M phase. Immunostaining results showed CLTC distribution throughout the cytoplasm in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Appearance and disappearance of CLTC along with β-tubulin (TUBB) could be observed during spindle dynamic changes. To explore the relationship between CLTC and microtubule dynamics, oocytes at metaphase were treated with taxol or nocodazole. CLTC colocalized with TUBB at the enlarged spindle and with cytoplasmic asters after taxol treatment; it disassembled and distributed into the cytoplasm along with TUBB after nocodazole treatment. Disruption of CLTC function using stealth siRNA caused a decreased first polar body extrusion rate and extensive spindle formation and chromosome congression defects. Taken together, these results show that CLTC plays an important role in spindle assembly and chromosome congression through a microtubule correlation mechanism during mouse oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010070, People's Republic of China
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12
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Hood FE, Williams SJ, Burgess SG, Richards MW, Roth D, Straube A, Pfuhl M, Bayliss R, Royle SJ. Coordination of adjacent domains mediates TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin assembly and mitotic spindle binding. J Cell Biol 2013; 202:463-78. [PMID: 23918938 PMCID: PMC3734082 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201211127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex of transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3), colonic and hepatic tumor overexpressed gene (ch-TOG), and clathrin has been implicated in mitotic spindle assembly and in the stabilization of kinetochore fibers by cross-linking microtubules. It is unclear how this complex binds microtubules and how the proteins in the complex interact with one another. TACC3 and clathrin have each been proposed to be the spindle recruitment factor. We have mapped the interactions within the complex and show that TACC3 and clathrin were interdependent for spindle recruitment, having to interact in order for either to be recruited to the spindle. The N-terminal domain of clathrin and the TACC domain of TACC3 in tandem made a microtubule interaction surface, coordinated by TACC3-clathrin binding. A dileucine motif and Aurora A-phosphorylated serine 558 on TACC3 bound to the "ankle" of clathrin. The other interaction within the complex involved a stutter in the TACC3 coiled-coil and a proposed novel sixth TOG domain in ch-TOG, which was required for microtubule localization of ch-TOG but not TACC3-clathrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E. Hood
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England, UK
| | - Samantha J. Williams
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England, UK
| | - Selena G. Burgess
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, England, UK
| | - Mark W. Richards
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, England, UK
| | - Daniel Roth
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, UK
| | - Anne Straube
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, UK
| | - Mark Pfuhl
- Cardiovascular and Randall Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, England, UK
| | - Stephen J. Royle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England, UK
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, UK
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13
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Abstract
Clathrin, a protein best known for its role in membrane trafficking, has been recognised for many years as localising to the spindle apparatus during mitosis, but its function at the spindle remained unclear. Recent work has better defined the role of clathrin in the function of the mitotic spindle and proposed that clathrin crosslinks the microtubules (MTs) comprising the kinetochore fibres (K-fibres) in the mitotic spindle. This mitotic function is unrelated to the role of clathrin in membrane trafficking and occurs in partnership with two other spindle proteins: transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3) and colonic hepatic tumour overexpressed gene (ch-TOG; also known as cytoskeleton-associated protein 5, CKAP5). This review summarises the role of clathrin in mitotic spindle organisation with an emphasis on the recent discovery of the TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Royle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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14
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Abstract
Clathrin is considered the prototype vesicle coat protein whose self-assembly mediates sorting of membrane cargo and recruitment of lipid modifiers. Detailed knowledge of clathrin biochemistry, structure, and interacting proteins has accumulated since the first observation, almost 50 years ago, of its role in receptor-mediated endocytosis of yolk protein. This review summarizes that knowledge, and focuses on properties of the clathrin heavy and light chain subunits and interaction of the latter with Hip proteins, to address the diversity of clathrin function beyond conventional receptor-mediated endocytosis. The distinct functions of the two human clathrin isoforms (CHC17 and CHC22) are discussed, highlighting CHC22's specialized involvement in traffic of the GLUT4 glucose transporter and consequent role in human glucose metabolism. Analysis of clathrin light chain function and interaction with the actin-binding Hip proteins during bacterial infection defines a novel actin-organizing function for CHC17 clathrin. By considering these diverse clathrin functions, along with intracellular sorting roles and influences on mitosis, further relevance of clathrin function to human health and disease is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Brodsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0552, USA.
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15
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Down-regulation of ANAPC13 and CLTCL1: Early Events in the Progression of Preinvasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:113-23. [PMID: 22496928 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gene expression profile in epithelial cells during breast ductal carcinoma (DC) progression have been shown to occur mainly between pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to the in situ component of a lesion with coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (DCIS-IDC) implying that the molecular program for invasion is already established in the preinvasive lesion. For assessing early molecular alterations in epithelial cells that trigger tumorigenesis and testing them as prognostic markers for breast ductal carcinoma progression, we analyzed, by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, eight genes previously identified as differentially expressed between epithelial tumor cells populations captured from preinvasive lesions with distinct malignant potential, pure DCIS and the in situ component of DCIS-IDC. ANAPC13 and CLTCL1 down-regulation revealed to be early events of DC progression that anticipated the invasiveness manifestation. Further down-regulation of ANAPC13 also occurred after invasion appearance and the presence of the protein in invasive tumor samples was associated with higher rates of overall and disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, tumors with low levels of ANAPC13 displayed increased copy number alterations, with significant gains at 1q (1q23.1-1q32.1), 8q, and 17q (17q24.2), regions that display common imbalances in breast tumors, suggesting that down-regulation of ANAPC13 contributes to genomic instability in this disease.
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16
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Abstract
In clathrin-mediated membrane traffic, clathrin does not bind directly to cargo and instead binds to adaptors that mediate this function. For endocytosis, the main adaptor is the adaptor protein (AP)-2 complex, but it is uncertain how clathrin contacts AP-2. Here we tested in human cells the importance of the three binding sites that have been identified so far on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of clathrin. We find that mutation of each of the three sites on the NTD, alone or in combination, does not block clathrin/AP-2-mediated endocytosis in the same way as deletion of the NTD. We report here the fourth and final site on the NTD that is required for clathrin/AP-2-mediated endocytic function. Each of the four interaction sites can operate alone to mediate endocytosis. The observed functional redundancy between interaction sites on the NTD explains how productivity of clathrin-coated vesicle formation is ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Willox
- The Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Stephen J. Royle
- The Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
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17
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Abstract
In recent years, cell biologists have uncovered a number of new functions for proteins that were previously thought to operate solely in membrane trafficking. These alternative roles, termed moonlighting functions, can occur at distinct intracellular sites or at different stages of the cell cycle. Here, I evaluate the evidence for mitotic moonlighting functions of proteins that have membrane trafficking roles during interphase. The aim is to identify key issues facing the field and to outline important questions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Royle
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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18
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Cheeseman LP, Booth DG, Hood FE, Prior IA, Royle SJ. Aurora A kinase activity is required for localization of TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin inter-microtubule bridges. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:409-12. [PMID: 21966557 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.4.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis is achieved by the kinetochore fibers (K-fibers) of the spindle apparatus. These fibers are bundles of microtubules (MTs) connected by non-motor bridges. We recently identified a TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex that constitutes the shortest class of inter-MT bridge in K-fibers. TACC3 anchors the complex to MTs and this is dependent on phosphorylation by Aurora A kinase. Here we show that inhibition of Aurora A kinase using MLN8237 results in (1) loss of clathrin and TACC3 from spindles, (2) destabilization of K-fibers and (3) loss of inter-MT bridges. These results are similar to those in cells depleted of clathrin or TACC3; suggesting that TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin bridges are the major class of bridge that is regulated by this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Cheeseman
- The Physiological Laboratory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool, UK
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19
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Blixt MKE, Royle SJ. Clathrin heavy chain gene fusions expressed in human cancers: analysis of cellular functions. Traffic 2011; 12:754-61. [PMID: 21362119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin is a protein expressed ubiquitously that has important functions in membrane trafficking and mitosis. Two different gene fusions involving clathrin heavy chain (CHC) have been described in human cancers. These involve either anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 (TFE3) and raise the possibility that altered clathrin function in cells expressing the fusion proteins could contribute to oncogenesis. In the present study, we tested the functions of CHC-ALK and CHC-TFE3 in endocytosis and mitosis. CHC-ALK is comparable to full-length CHC in both functions indicating that malignant transformation in cells expressing CHC-ALK is not because of any change in clathrin function. CHC-TFE3 is not functional in endocytosis, but can substitute for CHC in mitosis. CHC-TFE3 causes prolonged interphase that is attributed to the TFE3 portion of the protein. We also describe how CHC-TFE3 is a dimer. This suggests that clathrin's proposed role in intermicrotubule bridging can be fulfilled not only by trimers but also by dimers. Finally, this study shows that the membrane trafficking and mitotic functions of clathrin are independent and separable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K E Blixt
- Physiological Laboratory and Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
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20
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A TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex stabilises kinetochore fibres by inter-microtubule bridging. EMBO J 2011; 30:906-19. [PMID: 21297582 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetochore fibres (K-fibres) of the spindle apparatus move chromosomes during mitosis. These fibres are discrete bundles of parallel microtubules (MTs) that are crosslinked by inter-MT 'bridges' that are thought to improve fibre stability during chromosomal movement. The identity of these bridges is unknown. Clathrin is a multimeric protein that has been shown to stabilise K-fibres during early mitosis by a mechanism independent of its role in membrane trafficking. In this study, we show that clathrin at the mitotic spindle is in a transforming acidic colied-coil protein 3 (TACC3)/colonic, hepatic tumour overexpressed gene (ch-TOG)/clathrin complex. The complex is anchored to the spindle by TACC3 and ch-TOG. Ultrastructural analysis of clathrin-depleted K-fibres revealed a selective loss of a population of short inter-MT bridges and a general loss of MTs. A similar loss of short inter-MT bridges was observed in TACC3-depleted K-fibres. Finally, immunogold labelling confirmed that inter-MT bridges in K-fibres contain clathrin. Our results suggest that the TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex is an inter-MT bridge that stabilises K-fibres by physical crosslinking and by reducing rates of MT catastrophe.
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21
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Esk C, Chen CY, Johannes L, Brodsky FM. The clathrin heavy chain isoform CHC22 functions in a novel endosomal sorting step. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 188:131-44. [PMID: 20065094 PMCID: PMC2812854 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200908057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin heavy chain 22 (CHC22) is an isoform of the well-characterized CHC17 clathrin heavy chain, a coat component of vesicles that mediate endocytosis and organelle biogenesis. CHC22 has a distinct role from CHC17 in trafficking glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle and fat, though its transfection into HEK293 cells suggests functional redundancy. Here, we show that CHC22 is eightfold less abundant than CHC17 in muscle, other cell types have variably lower amounts of CHC22, and endogenous CHC22 and CHC17 function independently in nonmuscle and muscle cells. CHC22 was required for retrograde trafficking of certain cargo molecules from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), defining a novel endosomal-sorting step distinguishable from that mediated by CHC17 and retromer. In muscle cells, depletion of syntaxin 10 as well as CHC22 affected GLUT4 targeting, establishing retrograde endosome-TGN transport as critical for GLUT4 trafficking. Like CHC22, syntaxin 10 is not expressed in mice but is present in humans and other vertebrates, implicating two species-restricted endosomal traffic proteins in GLUT4 transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Esk
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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