1
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Poliseno L, Lanza M, Pandolfi PP. Coding, or non-coding, that is the question. Cell Res 2024; 34:609-629. [PMID: 39054345 PMCID: PMC11369213 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput sequencing uncovered that our genome is pervasively transcribed into RNAs that are seemingly not translated into proteins. It was also found that non-coding RNA transcripts outnumber canonical protein-coding genes. This mindboggling discovery prompted a surge in non-coding RNA research that started unraveling the functional relevance of these new genetic units, shaking the classic definition of "gene". While the non-coding RNA revolution was still taking place, polysome/ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that peptides can be translated from non-canonical open reading frames. Therefore, it is becoming evident that the coding vs non-coding dichotomy is way blurrier than anticipated. In this review, we focus on several examples in which the binary classification of coding vs non-coding genes is outdated, since the same bifunctional gene expresses both coding and non-coding products. We discuss the implications of this intricate usage of transcripts in terms of molecular mechanisms of gene expression and biological outputs, which are often concordant, but can also surprisingly be discordant. Finally, we discuss the methodological caveats that are associated with the study of bifunctional genes, and we highlight the opportunities and challenges of therapeutic exploitation of this intricacy towards the development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Poliseno
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Martina Lanza
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, USA.
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2
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Du WW, Zhou C, Yang H, Wen S, Chen Y, Chen EX, Yang XH, Li F, Du KY, Yuan H, Ye T, Qadir J, Yang BB. Aggravated Ulcerative Colitis via circNlgn-Mediated Suppression of Nuclear Actin Polymerization. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0441. [PMID: 39183944 PMCID: PMC11342054 DOI: 10.34133/research.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Colitis is a chronic bowel disease characterized by damage to the lining of the large intestine, with its precise underlying causes remaining incompletely understood. In this study, we provide evidence that circular RNA circNlgn plays a pivotal role in promoting the development of colitis. Colitis patients produce significant higher levels of circNlgn. Transgenic mice expressing circNlgn exhibit heightened susceptibility to colitis development and progression, primarily attributed to the presence of the protein isoform Nlgn173 encoded by circNlgn. Nlgn173 undergoes translocation into cell nuclei, where it interacts with actin, impeding the binding of actin-related protein 2 and 3 (Arp2/3) complex to actin molecules. Consequently, this leads to a reduction in actin polymerization. Mechanistically, Nlgn173 enhances tyrosine-53 phosphorylation of nuclear actin, diminishing its capacity to interact with the Arp2/3 complex and causing a decrease in filamentous actin levels. These alterations in actin dynamics result in inhibited cell cycle progression, increased apoptosis, and decreased proliferation of colonic epithelial cells, thereby exacerbating colitis development and progression. In contrast, the silencing of circNlgn or the targeted inhibition of Nlgn173 translation and nuclear translocation leads to the promotion of nuclear actin polymerization, enhanced cell survival, and reduced apoptosis and ultimately improves the outcome of colitis in vivo. Interestingly, nuclear actin polymerization is highly related with expression of PIAS3, which modulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and NF-κB activity in colitis. Strategies such as circNlgn knockdown and targeting nuclear actin polymerization of the colonic epithelium may explore a novel avenue for acute ulcerative colitis clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chi Zhou
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Colorectal Surgery,
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine,
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuoyang Wen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu Chen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric X. Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiuwei H. Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Feiya Li
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Y. Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Yuan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Ye
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Javeria Qadir
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Burton B. Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute,
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Li Z, Zou W, Jin X, Wang Y. LncRNA FRMD6-AS1/miR-491-5p/USP13 pathway attenuated ferroptosis and contributed to liver fibrosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3760-3771. [PMID: 38558500 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an invertible pathophysiologic process featured by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) which injures liver cells and activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Besides, inducing ferroptosis in activated HSCs can alleviate liver fibrosis. LncRNAs modulate ferroptosis in activated HSCs and ECM deposition in liver fibrosis. However, the role of lncRNA FRMD6-AS1 in liver fibrosis is not discovered. In this study, lncRNA FRMD6-AS1 was dramatically up-regulated in activated HSCs. Knockdown of FRMD6-AS1 markedly increased iron ion, ROS and MDA levels, decreased GSH level, SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expressions in activated HSCs. In addition, HSCs activation markers α-SMA and COL1α1 expressions were up-regulated in activated HSCs; knockdown of FRMD6-AS1 markedly down-regulated α-SMA and COL1α1 expressions in HSCs. Besides, lncRNA FRMD6-AS1 could interact with miR-491-5p, and negatively modulate miR-491-5p expression. USP13 was a target of miR-491-5p, and could be negatively modulated by miR-491-5p. Moreover, FRMD6-AS1 knockdown increased iron ion and ROS levels, decreased SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expressions, facilitated HSCs viability, and up-regulated α-SMA and COL1α1 expressions via miR-491-5p/USP13 pathway. Finally, FRMD6-AS1 knockdown restored liver tissue structure and abrogated fibrosis in livers in a CCL4 liver fibrosis mouse model. Hence, lncRNA FRMD6-AS1/miR-491-5p/USP13 pathway repressed ferroptosis, promoted ECM deposition and facilitated liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weilong Zou
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangren Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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4
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Li F, Du WW, Li X, Xu J, Wu N, Awan FM, Yang Y, Alashti FA, Wang S, Yang BB. A Novel Circular RNA circITGa9 Predominantly Generated in Human Heart Disease Induces Cardiac Remodeling and Fibrosis. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0303. [PMID: 38323094 PMCID: PMC10845611 DOI: 10.34133/research.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cardiovascular diseases. Through high-throughput circRNA sequencing of both normal myocardial tissues and hypertrophic patients, we unveiled 32,034 previously undiscovered circRNAs with distinct cardiac expression patterns. Notably, circITGa9, a circRNA derived from integrin-α9, exhibited substantial up-regulation in cardiac hypertrophy patients. This elevation was validated across extensive sample pools from cardiac patients and donors. In vivo experiments revealed heightened cardiac fibrosis in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) after circITGa9 injection. We identified circITGa9 binding proteins through circRNA precipitation followed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, circRNA pull-down/precipitation assays demonstrated that increased circITGa9 expression facilitated binding with tropomyosin 3 (TPM3). Specific binding sites between circITGa9 and TPM3 were identified through computational algorithms and further validated by site-directed mutagenesis. We further showed that circITGa9 induced actin polymerization, characteristic of tissue fibrosis. Finally, we developed approaches that improved cardiac function and decreased fibrosis by delivering small interfering RNA targeting circITGa9 or blocking oligo inhibiting the interaction of circITGa9 and TPM3 into TAC mice, which is amenable for further preclinical and translational development. We conclude that elevated circITGa9 levels drive cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. By pinpointing circITGa9 as a therapeutic target, we open doors to innovative interventions for mitigating cardiac remodeling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Li
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William W. Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology,
Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute,
Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Lab Technology,
The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Yang Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fariborz Asghari Alashti
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Burton B. Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Xu X, Wang K, Vera O, Verma A, Jasani N, Bok I, Elemento O, Du D, Yu X, Karreth FA. Gain of Chromosome 1q Perturbs a Competitive Endogenous RNA Network to Promote Melanoma Metastasis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3016-3031. [PMID: 36052492 PMCID: PMC9971359 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic copy-number alterations (CNA) promote cancer, but the underlying driver genes may not be comprehensively identified if only the functions of the encoded proteins are considered. mRNAs can act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA), which sponge miRNAs to posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression in a protein coding-independent manner. We investigated the contribution of ceRNAs to the oncogenic effects of CNAs. Chromosome 1q gains promoted melanoma progression and metastasis at least in part through overexpression of three mRNAs with ceRNA activity: CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A. These ceRNAs enhanced melanoma metastasis by sequestering tumor suppressor miRNAs. Orthogonal genetic assays with miRNA inhibitors and target site blockers, along with rescue experiments, demonstrated that miRNA sequestration is critical for the oncogenic effects of CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A mRNAs. Furthermore, chromosome 1q ceRNA-mediated miRNA sequestration alleviated the repression of several prometastatic target genes. This regulatory RNA network was evident in other cancer types, suggesting chromosome 1q ceRNA deregulation as a common driver of cancer progression. Taken together, this work demonstrates that ceRNAs mediate the oncogenicity of somatic CNAs. SIGNIFICANCE The function of CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A mRNAs as competitive endogenous RNAs that sequester tumor suppressor microRNAs underlies the oncogenic activity of chromosome 1q gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Neel Jasani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ilah Bok
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dongliang Du
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Florian A. Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Correspondence: Florian A. Karreth, PhD, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Stabile Research Building, Rm 23043, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, , Phone: 813-745-1851
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6
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Sadri F, Hosseini SF, Aghayei A, Fereidouni M, Rezaei Z. The Tumor Suppressor Roles and Mechanisms of MiR-491 in Human Cancers. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:810-823. [PMID: 35914029 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3' untranslated region (3'' UTR) of target mRNAs to control gene expression post-transcriptionally. Recent indications have highlighted their important roles in a variety of pathophysiological conditions as well as human malignancies. Dysregulated miRNAs act as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes in a variety of cancers. MiR-491 has been shown to have a major effect on tumorigenesis in multiple malignancies through binding to specific genes and signaling cascades, thereby preventing cancer progression. This review provides an overview of miR-491 expression in regulatory mechanisms and biological procedures of tumor cells, as well as the prospective possible treatment effects of various types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Sadri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyede Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Nursing, Tabas School of Nursing, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Atena Aghayei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fereidouni
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rezaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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7
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Lv W, Wu Z, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Chen X, Zhu P, Wang S. Effect of circRNA_FOXO3 rs12196996 polymorphism and FOXO3 rs2232365 polymorphism on survival rate and severity of intensive care unit-acquired sepsis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4821-4831. [PMID: 35156517 PMCID: PMC8974086 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2034567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of circRNA_FOXO3 was found to be positively associated with the expression of Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3), which is targeted and regulated by miR-23a. Polymorphisms in rs12196996 and rs2232365 have been reported in various diseases. In this study, we recruited intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired sepsis patients and grouped them according to their genotypes of rs12196996 and rs2232365. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of circRNA_FOXO3, FOXO3 mRNA, and miR-23a. ELISA was carried out to evaluate the abundance of cytokines and luciferase assay was used to explore the inhibitory role of miR-23a on circRNA_FOXO3 and FOXO3. Accordingly, we found that rs12196996 GG and rs2232365 AA were significantly correlated with prolonged survival of ICU-acquired sepsis patients. Rs12196996 GG and rs2232365 AA were also correlated with increased level of miR-23a, IL-10 and decreased level of TNF, IL-2, IFN, IL-6 and IL-1β in the peripheral blood cell samples of patients with ICU-acquired sepsis. The luciferase activity of wild-type (WT) circRNA_FOXO3 and FOXO3 were severely reduced by miR-23a. MiR-23a precursors could effectively suppress the expression of circRNA_FOXO3 and FOXO3 in the cells. Moreover, LPS-induced cell viability loss and dysregulation of cytokines were effectively restored by the knockdown of FOXO3 or circRNA_FOXO3 siRNA in the cells. This study revealed that the minor allele of rs12196996 polymorphism and rs2232365 polymorphism collaboratively contributed to the increased survival and suppressed severity of ICU-acquired sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lv
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhang Wu
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Koltai T, Fliegel L. Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X211068826. [PMID: 35018864 PMCID: PMC8814827 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211068826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid silymarin extracted from the seeds of Sylibum marianum is a mixture of 6 flavolignan isomers. The 3 more important isomers are silybin (or silibinin), silydianin, and silychristin. Silybin is functionally the most active of these compounds. This group of flavonoids has been extensively studied and they have been used as hepato-protective substances for the mushroom Amanita phalloides intoxication and mainly chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver. Hepatitis C progression is not, or slightly, modified by silymarin. Recently, it has also been proposed for SARS COVID-19 infection therapy. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of these substances in cancer are subjects of ongoing research. Paradoxically, many of its identified actions such as antioxidant, promoter of ribosomal synthesis, and mitochondrial membrane stabilization, may seem protumoral at first sight, however, silymarin compounds have clear anticancer effects. Some of them are: decreasing migration through multiple targeting, decreasing hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression, inducing apoptosis in some malignant cells, and inhibiting promitotic signaling among others. Interestingly, the antitumoral activity of silymarin compounds is limited to malignant cells while the nonmalignant cells seem not to be affected. Furthermore, there is a long history of silymarin use in human diseases without toxicity after prolonged administration. The ample distribution and easy accessibility to milk thistle-the source of silymarin compounds, its over the counter availability, the fact that it is a weed, some controversial issues regarding bioavailability, and being a nutraceutical rather than a drug, has somehow led medical professionals to view its anticancer effects with skepticism. This is a fundamental reason why it never achieved bedside status in cancer treatment. However, in spite of all the antitumoral effects, silymarin actually has dual effects and in some cases such as pancreatic cancer it can promote stemness. This review deals with recent investigations to elucidate the molecular actions of this flavonoid in cancer, and to consider the possibility of repurposing it. Particular attention is dedicated to silymarin's dual role in cancer and to some controversies of its real effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs of 17-22 nucleotides in length with a critical function in posttranscriptional gene regulation. These master regulators are themselves subject to regulation both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. Recently, miRNA function has been shown to be modulated by exogenous RNA molecules that function as miRNA sponges. Interestingly, endogenous transcripts such as transcribed pseudogenes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and mRNAs may serve as natural miRNA sponges. These transcripts, which bind to miRNAs and competitively sequester them away from their targets, are naturally existing endogenous miRNA sponges, called competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Here we present a historical background of miRNAs, exogenous and endogenous miRNA sponges as well as some examples of endogenous miRNA sponges involved in regulatory mechanisms associated with various diseases, developmental stages, and other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Hale Alkan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Akgül
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.
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10
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Baghbani E, Noorolyai S, Duijf PHG, Silvestris N, Kolahian S, Hashemzadeh S, Baghbanzadeh Kojabad A, FallahVazirabad A, Baradaran B. The impact of microRNAs on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:668-678. [PMID: 34020831 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation promotes cancer development. To a large extent, this can be attributed to the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumors. These cells are known for establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by suppressing T cell activities. However, MDSCs also promote metastasis and angiogenesis. Critically, as small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) control MDSC activities. In this review, we discuss how miRNA networks regulate key MDSC signaling pathways, how they shape MDSC development, differentiation and activation, and how this impacts tumor development. By targeting the expression of miRNAs in MDSCs, we can alter their main signaling pathways. In turn, this can compromise their ability to promote multiple hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, this may represent a new powerful strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Noorolyai
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Bari, Italy. Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Shahryar Hashemzadeh
- General and Vascular Surgery Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Carvalho TMA, Cardone RA. Targeting the Stromal Pro-Tumoral Hyaluronan-CD44 Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3953. [PMID: 33921242 PMCID: PMC8069142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies. Present-day treatments have not shown real improvements in reducing the high mortality rate and the short survival of the disease. The average survival is less than 5% after 5 years. New innovative treatments are necessary to curtail the situation. The very dense pancreatic cancer stroma is a barrier that impedes the access of chemotherapeutic drugs and at the same time establishes a pro-proliferative symbiosis with the tumor, thus targeting the stroma has been suggested by many authors. No ideal drug or drug combination for this targeting has been found as yet. With this goal in mind, here we have explored a different complementary treatment based on abundant previous publications on repurposed drugs. The cell surface protein CD44 is the main receptor for hyaluronan binding. Many malignant tumors show over-expression/over-activity of both. This is particularly significant in pancreatic cancer. The independent inhibition of hyaluronan-producing cells, hyaluronan synthesis, and/or CD44 expression, has been found to decrease the tumor cell's proliferation, motility, invasion, and metastatic abilities. Targeting the hyaluronan-CD44 pathway seems to have been bypassed by conventional mainstream oncological practice. There are existing drugs that decrease the activity/expression of hyaluronan and CD44: 4-methylumbelliferone and bromelain respectively. Some drugs inhibit hyaluronan-producing cells such as pirfenidone. The association of these three drugs has never been tested either in the laboratory or in the clinical setting. We present a hypothesis, sustained by hard experimental evidence, suggesting that the simultaneous use of these nontoxic drugs can achieve synergistic or added effects in reducing invasion and metastatic potential, in PDAC. A non-toxic, low-cost scheme for inhibiting this pathway may offer an additional weapon for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
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12
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Sun W, Qin Y, Wang Z, Dong W, He L, Zhang T, Zhang H. The NEAT1_2/miR-491 Axis Modulates Papillary Thyroid Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Through TGM2/NFκb/FN1 Signaling. Front Oncol 2021; 11:610547. [PMID: 33738254 PMCID: PMC7960914 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.610547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NEAT1 (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that facilitates tumorigenesis in multiple cancers. In papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the molecular mechanism by which NEAT1 affects invasion and metastasis remains elusive. RNA sequencing was used to discover differentially expressed NEAT1_2 downstream genes. Protein and RNA expression analyses and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of NEAT1_2, Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), and microRNA-491 (miR-491) among PTC and non-cancerous tissues. Transwell and wound healing assays, and a mouse model of lung metastasis were used for further functional analyses. Bioinformatics was performed to predict miRNAs binding to both NEAT1_2 and TGM2. Rescue experiments and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed. In PTC tissues, NEAT1_2 expression was markedly increased and regulated TGM2 expression. TGM2 was overexpressed in PTC, correlating positively with exthyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis. TGM2 knockdown significantly inhibited invasion and metastasis. NEAT1_2 sponged miR-491, acting as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate TGM2 expression. Fibronectin 1 (FN1) was predicted as a TGM2 target. TGM2 could transcriptionally activate FN1 by promoting nuclear factor kappa B (NFκb) p65 nuclear translocation, ultimately promoting PTC invasion/metastasis. These findings identify that NEAT1_2 sponges miR-491 to regulate TGM2 expression. TGM2 activates FN1 via NFκb to promote PTC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenwu Dong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Zhu Z, Luo L, Xiang Q, Wang J, Liu Y, Deng Y, Zhao Z. MiRNA-671-5p Promotes prostate cancer development and metastasis by targeting NFIA/CRYAB axis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:949. [PMID: 33144585 PMCID: PMC7642259 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second cause of death due to malignancy among men, and metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with PCa. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in tumor development and metastasis. Here, we identified 13 miRNAs related to PCa metastasis by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, we found that miR-671-5p was increased in metastatic PCa tissues, and its high expression indicated poor prognosis of PCa. MiR-671-5p could facilitate PCa cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and vivo. We confirmed that miR-671-5p directly bound to the 3’ untranslated regions of NFIA mRNA, and NFIA directly bound to the CRYAB promoter. High expression of NFIA and CRYAB negatively correlated with the advanced clinicopathological characteristics and metastasis status of PCa patients. Our study demonstrated that miR-671-5p promoted PCa development and metastasis by suppressing NFIA/ CRYAB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangzhou Liu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihan Deng
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Profiling pro-neural to mesenchymal transition identifies a lncRNA signature in glioma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:378. [PMID: 33028341 PMCID: PMC7539462 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular classification has laid the framework for exploring glioma biology and treatment strategies. Pro-neural to mesenchymal transition (PMT) of glioma is known to be associated with aggressive phenotypes, unfavorable prognosis, and treatment resistance. Recent studies have highlighted that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key mediators in cancer mesenchymal transition. However, the relationship between lncRNAs and PMT in glioma has not been systematically investigated. Methods Gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), GSE16011, and Rembrandt with available clinical and genomic information were used for analyses. Bioinformatics methods such as weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Cox analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were performed. Results According to PMT scores, we confirmed that PMT status was positively associated with risky behaviors and poor prognosis in glioma. The 149 PMT-related lncRNAs were identified by WGCNA analysis, among which 10 (LINC01057, TP73-AS1, AP000695.4, LINC01503, CRNDE, OSMR-AS1, SNHG18, AC145343.2, RP11-25K21.6, RP11-38L15.2) with significant prognostic value were further screened to construct a PMT-related lncRNA risk signature, which could divide cases into two groups with distinct prognoses. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the signature was an independent prognostic factor for high-grade glioma. High-risk cases were more likely to be classified as the mesenchymal subtype, which confers enhanced immunosuppressive status by recruiting macrophages, neutrophils, and regulatory T cells. Moreover, six lncRNAs of the signature could act as competing endogenous RNAs to promote PMT in glioblastoma. Conclusions We profiled PMT status in glioma and established a PMT-related 10-lncRNA signature for glioma that could independently predict glioma survival and trigger PMT, which enhanced immunosuppression.
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15
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Al-Othman N, Alhendi A, Ihbaisha M, Barahmeh M, Alqaraleh M, Al-Momany BZ. Role of CD44 in breast cancer. Breast Dis 2020; 39:1-13. [PMID: 31839599 DOI: 10.3233/bd-190409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is among the most prevalent type of malignancy affecting females worldwide. BC is classified into different types according to the status of the expression of receptors such as estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and progesterone receptor (PR). Androgen receptor (AR) appears to be a promising therapeutic target of BC. Binding of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to AR controls the expression of microRNA (miRNA) molecules in BC, consequently, affecting protein expression. One of these proteins is the transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). Remarkably, CD44 is a common marker of cancer stem cells in BC. It functions as a co-receptor for a broad diversity of extracellular matrix ligands. Several ligands, primarily hyaluronic acid (HA), can interact with CD44 and mediate its functions. CD44 promotes a variety of functions independently or in cooperation with other cell-surface receptors through activation of varied signaling pathways like Rho GTPases, Ras-MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways to regulate cell adhesion, migration, survival, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this review, we present the relations between AR, miRNA, and CD44 and their roles in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Al-Othman
- Division of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ala' Alhendi
- Division of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Manal Ihbaisha
- Division of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Myassar Barahmeh
- Division of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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16
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Dai T, Zhao X, Li Y, Yu L, Li Y, Zhou X, Gong Q. miR-423 Promotes Breast Cancer Invasion by Activating NF-κB Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5467-5478. [PMID: 32606763 PMCID: PMC7297514 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s236514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer has become the most common malignancy among women worldwide; therefore, novel diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets are urgently required. NF-κB signaling plays a pivotal role in enhancing breast cancer malignant phenotypes, especially cancer invasion and metastasis, which is the main cause of death in cancer patients. TNIP2, an important inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, is known to involve a negative feedback loop of the NF-κB signaling cascade and to regulate tumor aggressiveness in various cancer types. However, the mRNA level of TNIP2 is barely altered in breast cancer; thus, the mechanism that regulates TNIP2 in breast cancer still needs to be elucidated. Methods We analyzed the expression and prognosis of miR-423 in a TCGA BRCA miRNA cohort and in clinical specimens. We detected the invasive capacity through a Matrigel-coated Transwell penetration assay, a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid invasion assay and a wound healing assay. Then, we applied luciferase assays, real-time PCR assays and Western blotting to further study the mechanism. Results In this study, analysis of the TCGA BRCA miRNA cohort and clinical specimens demonstrated that miR-423 was upregulated in human breast cancers and was positively correlated with clinical stage, poor overall survival and metastasis classification. Moreover, the invasiveness of breast cancer cells was enhanced by ectopic expression of miR-423 and inhibited by miR-423 downregulation. Mechanistically, upregulation of miR-423 led to activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and elevated expression of snail and twist, while repression of miR-423 inhibited this pathway. Furthermore, the results indicated that TNIP2 is a target gene of miR-423, and suppression of TNIP2 resulted in increased invasiveness in miR-423-silenced cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that miR-423 is a crucial factor that enhances breast cancer cell invasion through the NF-κB signaling pathway and shed light on miR-423 as a promising prognostic and therapeutic marker for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Dai
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Microsurgery, Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
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17
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Brechbuhl HM, Barrett AS, Kopin E, Hagen JC, Han AL, Gillen AE, Finlay-Schultz J, Cittelly DM, Owens P, Horwitz KB, Sartorius CA, Hansen K, Kabos P. Fibroblast subtypes define a metastatic matrisome in breast cancer. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130751. [PMID: 32045383 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small primary breast cancers can show surprisingly high potential for metastasis. Clinical decision-making for tumor aggressiveness, including molecular profiling, relies primarily on analysis of the cancer cells. Here we show that this analysis is insufficient - that the stromal microenvironment of the primary tumor plays a key role in tumor cell dissemination and implantation at distant sites. We previously described 2 cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that either express (CD146+) or lack (CD146-) CD146 (official symbol MCAM, alias MUC18). We now find that when mixed with human breast cancer cells, each fibroblast subtype determines the fate of cancer cells: CD146- fibroblasts promoted increased metastasis compared with CD146+ fibroblasts. Potentially novel quantitative and qualitative proteomic analyses showed that CD146+ CAFs produced an environment rich in basement membrane proteins, while CD146- CAFs exhibited increases in fibronectin 1, lysyl oxidase, and tenascin C, all overexpressed in aggressive disease. We also show clinically that CD146- CAFs predicted for likelihood of lymph node involvement even in small primary tumors (<5 cm). Clearly small tumors enriched for CD146- CAFs require aggressive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Etana Kopin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Jaime C Hagen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Amy L Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Jessica Finlay-Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Diana M Cittelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA.,Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathryn B Horwitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Kirk Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Peter Kabos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
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18
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Yang SW, Li L, Connelly JP, Porter SN, Kodali K, Gan H, Park JM, Tacer KF, Tillman H, Peng J, Pruett-Miller SM, Li W, Potts PR. A Cancer-Specific Ubiquitin Ligase Drives mRNA Alternative Polyadenylation by Ubiquitinating the mRNA 3' End Processing Complex. Mol Cell 2020; 77:1206-1221.e7. [PMID: 31980388 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) contributes to transcriptome complexity by generating mRNA isoforms with varying 3' UTR lengths. APA leading to 3' UTR shortening (3' US) is a common feature of most cancer cells; however, the molecular mechanisms are not understood. Here, we describe a widespread mechanism promoting 3' US in cancer through ubiquitination of the mRNA 3' end processing complex protein, PCF11, by the cancer-specific MAGE-A11-HUWE1 ubiquitin ligase. MAGE-A11 is normally expressed only in the male germline but is frequently re-activated in cancers. MAGE-A11 is necessary for cancer cell viability and is sufficient to drive tumorigenesis. Screening for targets of MAGE-A11 revealed that it ubiquitinates PCF11, resulting in loss of CFIm25 from the mRNA 3' end processing complex. This leads to APA of many transcripts affecting core oncogenic and tumor suppressors, including cyclin D2 and PTEN. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms driving APA in cancer and suggest therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jon P Connelly
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shaina N Porter
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kiran Kodali
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Haiyun Gan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jung Mi Park
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Klementina Fon Tacer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather Tillman
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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19
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Luo L, Wang M, Li X, Tian J, Zhang K, Tan S, Luo C. Long non-coding RNA LOC285194 in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 502:1-8. [PMID: 31837299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-encoding RNAs that are usually over 200 nucleotides-long. The development of whole-genome sequencing has enabled the identification of several lncRNAs, and the determination of their critical roles in the human tumor process. LOC285194, also known as LSAMP antisense RNA 3 and tumor suppressor candidate 7 (TUSC7), is a >2-kb-long lncRNA comprised of four exons (gene ID: 285194), and located in chr3q13.31. LOC285194 expression is reported to be consistently low in tumor cells and often associated with poor clinical outcomes. Functionally, LOC285194 overexpression has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and in vivo. Further, LOC285194 mainly suppressed or promoted the expression of related genes through direct or indirect pathways, suggesting that LOC285194 might be a feasible biomarker or therapeutic target in human cancers. Here, we reviewed and summarized existing literature on the functions and mechanisms of LOC285194 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Xianping Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Shan Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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20
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Li X, Diao H. Circular RNA circ_0001946 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to inhibit glioblastoma progression by modulating miR-671-5p and CDR1. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13807-13819. [PMID: 30663767 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In many malignant tumors, circRNAs play an important role. However, the biological role and clinical significance of circRNAs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of circ_0001946 on the progression of glioblastoma (GBM) and the molecular mechanism of circ_0001946. METHODS Microarrays were applied to test the expression profiles of circRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Coexpressed genes were identified by constructing differentially expressed circRNA-mRNA networks. The expression of circ_0001946, miR-671-5p, and cerebellar degeneration-related autoantigen 1 (CDR1) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of CDR1 was determined by western blotting. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate potential miR-671-5p target sites on circ_0001946 and CDR1. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of GBM cells were assessed by a colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, transwell migration assay, and transwell invasion assay. Xenograft mouse models were used to determine the role of circ_0001946 in vivo. RESULTS The expression of circ_0001946 and CDR1 was low and that of miR-671-5p was high in GBM cells. Circ_0001946 suppressed the expression of miR-671-5p, thus upregulating the expression of CDR1, the gene downstream of miR-671-5p. Circ_0001946 and CDR1 reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in GBM cells, whereas miR-671-5p had an opposite effect. The xenograft mouse model and immunohistochemistry results indicated that circ_0001946 inhibited GBM growth as well as the expression of Ki67 in GBM cells. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that the circ_0001946/miR-671-5p/ CDR1 pathway modulates the development of GBM, and this pathway might be a promising target for the development of therapeutics for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyu Diao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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21
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Li Y, Wang Y, Xie Z, Hu H. JMJD2A facilitates growth and inhibits apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by downregulating tumor suppressor miR‑491‑5p. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2489-2496. [PMID: 30720092 PMCID: PMC6423651 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains the second most common malignancy for women worldwide. Jumonji domain containing 2A (JMJD2A), a member of the JmjC domain-containing family of JMJD2 proteins, is capable of regulating cancer-associated genes, including genes involved in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. However, its role in human cervical cancer has yet to be elucidated. microRNA (miR)-491-5p, a mature form of miR-491, has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor gene in vitro by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation and invasion in various types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study it was observed that JMJD2A expression was significantly upregulated in human cervical cancer cell lines and cervical epithelial carcinoma tissues. A high JMJD2A level predicted poor overall and disease-free survival rate and may serve as an independent prognostic factor for adverse outcome. JMJD2A increased cervical cancer cell and colony numbers in vitro, increased the tumor weight in a mouse xenograft model, and decreased the apoptotic rate by downregulating the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, p21 and active caspase-3, and upregulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Transfection experiments indicated that the role of JMJD2A in cervical cancer was mediated, at least in part, by the repression of miR-491-5p. In summary, JMJD2A was identified as an oncogenic protein in human cervical cancer that significantly affected cell and colony numbers, tumor weight and apoptosis via the downregulation of miR-491-5p, which acts as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer. Therefore, JMJD2A may serve as a prognostic factor and potential target for intervention in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ya'ning Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 401320, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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22
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Abdollahzadeh R, Daraei A, Mansoori Y, Sepahvand M, Amoli MM, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) cross talk and language in ceRNA regulatory networks: A new look at hallmarks of breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10080-10100. [PMID: 30537129 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy in women worldwide. Despite the substantial advancement in understanding the molecular mechanisms and management of BC, it remains the leading cause of cancer death in women. One of the main reasons for this obstacle is that we have not been able to find the Achilles heel for the BC as a highly heterogeneous disease. Accumulating evidence has revealed that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), play key roles in the development of BC; however, the involving of complex regulatory interactions between the different varieties of ncRNAs in the development of this cancer has been poorly understood. In the recent years, the newly discovered mechanism in the RNA world is "competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)" which proposes regulatory dialogues between different RNAs, including long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), transcribed pseudogenes, and circular RNAs (circRNAs). In the latest BC research, various studies have revealed that dysregulation of several ceRNA networks (ceRNETs) between these ncRNAs has fundamental roles in establishing the hallmarks of BC development. And it is thought that such a discovery could open a new window for a better understanding of the hidden aspects of breast tumors. Besides, it probably can provide new biomarkers and potential efficient therapeutic targets for BC. This review will discuss the existing body of knowledge regarding the key functions of ceRNETs and then highlights the emerging roles of some recently discovered ceRNETs in several hallmarks of BC. Moreover, we propose for the first time the "ceRnome" as a new term in the present article for RNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sepahvand
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Al-Othman N, Hammad H, Ahram M. Dihydrotestosterone regulates expression of CD44 via miR-328-3p in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Gene 2018; 675:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Gao C, Zhai J, Dang S, Zheng S. Analysis of alternative splicing in chicken embryo fibroblasts in response to reticuloendotheliosis virus infection. Avian Pathol 2018; 47:585-594. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1511047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- Laboratory Pathological Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhai
- Laboratory Pathological Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengyuan Dang
- Laboratory Pathological Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shimin Zheng
- Laboratory Pathological Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Piperigkou Z, Götte M, Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Insights into the key roles of epigenetics in matrix macromolecules-associated wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:16-36. [PMID: 29079535 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic network of macromolecules, playing a regulatory role in cell functions, tissue regeneration and remodeling. Wound healing is a tissue repair process necessary for the maintenance of the functionality of tissues and organs. This highly orchestrated process is divided into four temporally overlapping phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. The dynamic interplay between ECM and resident cells exerts its critical role in many aspects of wound healing, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, matrix degradation and biosynthesis. Several epigenetic regulatory factors, such as the endogenous non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), are the drivers of the wound healing response. microRNAs have pivotal roles in regulating ECM composition during wound healing and dermal regeneration. Their expression is associated with the distinct phases of wound healing and they serve as target biomarkers and targets for systematic regulation of wound repair. In this article we critically present the importance of epigenetics with particular emphasis on miRNAs regulating ECM components (i.e. glycoproteins, proteoglycans and matrix proteases) that are key players in wound healing. The clinical relevance of miRNA targeting as well as the delivery strategies designed for clinical applications are also presented and discussed.
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26
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Su C, Li D, Li N, Du Y, Yang C, Bai Y, Lin C, Li X, Zhang Y. Studying the mechanism of PLAGL2 overexpression and its carcinogenic characteristics based on 3'-untranslated region in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1479-1490. [PMID: 29512763 PMCID: PMC5873895 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) is a zinc finger protein transcription factor, which is upregulated and serves an oncogenic function in multiple human malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). First, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of PLAGL2 in CRC tissues and normal tissues. Then, bioinformatics analysis, RT-qPCR, western blotting, luciferase reporter assays and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore whether the underlying mechanisms, including copy number variation (CNV), microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) led to the abnormal expression of PLAGL2. Finally, cell counting kit-8 assays, Transwell assays and xenograft models were used to detect carcinogenesis-associated characteristics based on the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of PLAGL2. In the present study, PLAGL2 was revealed to be upregulated in CRC tissues compared with normal CRC tissues. CNV was one of the causes leading to the upregulation of PLAGL2. miRNA, including downregulated miR-486-5p, and RBPs, including upregulated human antigen R (HuR), were other key underlying causes. In addition, PLAGL2 3′-UTR was revealed to promote the progression of CRC in vitro and in vivo, and to regulate the expression of C-MYC and CD44. To conclude, these results suggested that high expression of PLAGL2 in CRC was associated with CNV, miR-486-5p and HuR expression, whose 3′-UTR may promote colon carcinogenesis and serve as a novel potential biomarker for CRC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Nanpeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chunxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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27
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Yu Y, Wang Z, Sun D, Zhou X, Wei X, Hou W, Ding Y, Ma Y, Hou Y. miR-671 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation by targeting tumor suppressor SOX6. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 823:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Tan X, Banerjee P, Liu X, Yu J, Gibbons DL, Wu P, Scott KL, Diao L, Zheng X, Wang J, Jalali A, Suraokar M, Fujimoto J, Behrens C, Liu X, Liu CG, Creighton CJ, Wistuba II, Kurie JM. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition activator ZEB1 initiates a prometastatic competing endogenous RNA network. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1267-1282. [PMID: 29324442 DOI: 10.1172/jci97225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tumor cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to gain metastatic activity. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) have binding sites for a common set of microRNAs (miRs) and regulate each other's expression by sponging miRs. Here, we address whether ceRNAs govern metastasis driven by the EMT-activating transcription factor ZEB1. High miR-181b levels were correlated with an improved prognosis in human lung adenocarcinomas, and metastatic tumor cell lines derived from a murine lung adenocarcinoma model in which metastasis is ZEB1-driven were enriched in miR-181b targets. ZEB1 relieved a strong basal repression of α1 integrin (ITGA1) mRNA, which in turn upregulated adenylyl cyclase 9 mRNA (ADCY9) by sponging miR181b. Ectopic expression of the ITGA1 3'-untranslated region reversed miR-181b-mediated metastasis suppression and increased the levels of adenylyl cyclase 9 protein (AC9), which promoted tumor cell migration and metastasis. In human lung adenocarcinomas, ITGA1 and ADCY9 levels were positively correlated, and an AC9-activated transcriptomic signature had poor-prognostic value. Thus, ZEB1 initiates a miR-181b-regulated ceRNA network to drive metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Tan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and.,Department of Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and.,Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and.,Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ali Jalali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Milind Suraokar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
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29
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Yang C, Wu D, Gao L, Liu X, Jin Y, Wang D, Wang T, Li X. Competing endogenous RNA networks in human cancer: hypothesis, validation, and perspectives. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13479-90. [PMID: 26872371 PMCID: PMC4924655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs represent a majority of the human transcriptome. However, less is known about the functions and regulatory mechanisms of most non-coding species. Moreover, little is known about the potential non-coding functions of coding RNAs. The competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) hypothesis is proposed recently. This hypothesis describes potential communication networks among all transcript RNA species mediated by miRNAs and miRNA-recognizing elements (MREs) within RNA transcripts. Here we review the evolution of the ceRNA hypothesis, summarize the validation experiments and discusses the significance and perspectives of this hypothesis in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yinji Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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30
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Baraniuk JN, Shivapurkar N. Exercise - induced changes in cerebrospinal fluid miRNAs in Gulf War Illness, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and sedentary control subjects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15338. [PMID: 29127316 PMCID: PMC5681566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) have similar profiles of pain, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and exertional exhaustion. Post-exertional malaise suggests exercise alters central nervous system functions. Lumbar punctures were performed in GWI, CFS and control subjects after (i) overnight rest (nonexercise) or (ii) submaximal bicycle exercise. Exercise induced postural tachycardia in one third of GWI subjects (Stress Test Activated Reversible Tachycardia, START). The remainder were Stress Test Originated Phantom Perception (STOPP) subjects. MicroRNAs (miRNA) in cerebrospinal fluid were amplified by quantitative PCR. Levels were equivalent between nonexercise GWI (n = 22), CFS (n = 43) and control (n = 22) groups. After exercise, START (n = 22) had significantly lower miR-22-3p than control (n = 15) and STOPP (n = 42), but higher miR-9-3p than STOPP. All post-exercise groups had significantly reduced miR-328 and miR-608 compared to nonexercise groups; these may be markers of exercise effects on the brain. Six miRNAs were significantly elevated and 12 diminished in post-exercise START, STOPP and control compared to nonexercise groups. CFS had 12 diminished miRNAs after exercise. Despite symptom overlap of CFS, GWI and other illnesses in their differential diagnosis, exercise-induced miRNA patterns in cerebrospinal fluid indicated distinct mechanisms for post-exertional malaise in CFS and START and STOPP phenotypes of GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Baraniuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
| | - Narayan Shivapurkar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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31
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Barbagallo D, Condorelli A, Ragusa M, Salito L, Sammito M, Banelli B, Caltabiano R, Barbagallo G, Zappalà A, Battaglia R, Cirnigliaro M, Lanzafame S, Vasquez E, Parenti R, Cicirata F, Di Pietro C, Romani M, Purrello M. Dysregulated miR-671-5p / CDR1-AS / CDR1 / VSNL1 axis is involved in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4746-59. [PMID: 26683098 PMCID: PMC4826240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-671-5p is encoded by a gene localized at 7q36.1, a region amplified in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant brain cancer. To investigate whether expression of miR-671-5p were altered in GBM, we analyzed biopsies from a cohort of forty-five GBM patients and from five GBM cell lines. Our data show significant overexpression of miR-671-5p in both biopsies and cell lines. By exploiting specific miRNA mimics and inhibitors, we demonstrated that miR-671-5p overexpression significantly increases migration and to a less extent proliferation rates of GBM cells. Through a combined in silico and in vitro approach, we identified CDR1-AS, CDR1, VSNL1 as downstream miR-671-5p targets in GBM. Expression of these genes significantly decreased both in GBM biopsies and cell lines and negatively correlated with that of miR-671-5p. Based on our data, we propose that the axis miR-671-5p / CDR1-AS / CDR1 / VSNL1 is functionally altered in GBM cells and is involved in the modification of their biopathological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbagallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Angelo Condorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Loredana Salito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Mariangela Sammito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Barbara Banelli
- UOS Epigenetica dei Tumori, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy, EU
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate G.F. Ingrassia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Giuseppe Barbagallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate G.F. Ingrassia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Rosalia Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Matilde Cirnigliaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Salvatore Lanzafame
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate G.F. Ingrassia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Enrico Vasquez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate G.F. Ingrassia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Federico Cicirata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Massimo Romani
- UOS Epigenetica dei Tumori, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy, EU
| | - Michele Purrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
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32
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Yin Z, Ding H, He E, Chen J, Li M. Up-regulation of microRNA-491-5p suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by targeting FOXP4 in human osteosarcoma. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27704627 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in pathogenesis and progression of human malignancies. MicroRNA-491-5p (miR-491-5p) is down-regulated in many human cancers where it would serve as a tumour suppressor. However, the role played by miR-491-5p in pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma has remained largely unknown. This study has been conducted to examine effects of miR-491-5p on migration and proliferation of cells of the SAOS-2 and MG63 osteosarcoma lines, and mechanisms of those effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Levels of miR-491-5p expression in osteosarcoma tissues and in human osteosarcoma cell lines were studied using qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methods. Cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 and EdU assays, while the transwell assay was used to evaluate migration and invasion. Apoptosis was analysed uing flow cytometry and the Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining method. A dual-luciferase reporter system was used to confirm the target gene of miR-491-5p. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with DIG-labelled double-stranded FOXP4 oligonucleotides was used to confirm whether or not miR-491-5p suppressed FOXP4 activation. RESULTS Cells of osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines had low levels of miR-491-5p expression, but high levels of forkhead-box P4 (FOXP4) expression. Transfection of SAOS-2 and MG63 cells with miR-491-5p mimics inhibited expression of FOXP4 protein, which suppressed cell growth and migration, but induced apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed FOXP4 as the target gene for miR-491-5p. Overexpression of miR-491-5p suppressed FOXP4 activity in SAOS-2 and MG63 cells. Knockdown of FOXP4 in SAOS-2 and MG63 cells using an RNAi strategy resulted in reduced levels of cell proliferation and migration, but increased levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our in vitro studies showed that up-regulation of miR-491-5p suppressed proliferation of the human osteosarcoma cells and induced apoptosis by targeting FOXP4. These findings suggest that miR-491-5p could be further studied as a potential clinical diagnostic or predictive biomarker for human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Erxing He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingchen Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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33
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Tarantini S, Giles CB, Wren JD, Ashpole NM, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Wei JY, Sonntag WE, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. IGF-1 deficiency in a critical period early in life influences the vascular aging phenotype in mice by altering miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation: implications for the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:239-258. [PMID: 27566308 PMCID: PMC5061677 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological findings support the concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, suggesting that early-life hormonal influences during a sensitive period of development have a fundamental impact on vascular health later in life. The endocrine changes that occur during development are highly conserved across mammalian species and include dramatic increases in circulating IGF-1 levels during adolescence. The present study was designed to characterize the effect of developmental IGF-1 deficiency on the vascular aging phenotype. To achieve that goal, early-onset endocrine IGF-1 deficiency was induced in mice by knockdown of IGF-1 in the liver using Cre-lox technology (Igf1 f/f mice crossed with mice expressing albumin-driven Cre recombinase). This model exhibits low-circulating IGF-1 levels during the peripubertal phase of development, which is critical for the biology of aging. Due to the emergence of miRNAs as important regulators of the vascular aging phenotype, the effect of early-life IGF-1 deficiency on miRNA expression profile in the aorta was examined in animals at 27 months of age. We found that developmental IGF-1 deficiency elicits persisting late-life changes in miRNA expression in the vasculature, which significantly differed from those in mice with adult-onset IGF-1 deficiency (TBG-Cre-AAV8-mediated knockdown of IGF-1 at 5 month of age in Igf1 f/f mice). Using a novel computational approach, we identified miRNA target genes that are co-expressed with IGF-1 and associate with aging and vascular pathophysiology. We found that among the predicted targets, the expression of multiple extracellular matrix-related genes, including collagen-encoding genes, were downregulated in mice with developmental IGF-1 deficiency. Collectively, IGF-1 deficiency during a critical period during early in life results in persistent changes in post-transcriptional miRNA-mediated control of genes critical targets for vascular health, which likely contribute to the deleterious late-life cardiovascular effects known to occur with developmental IGF-1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Cory B Giles
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Reynolds Institute on Aging and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, 4301 West Markham Street, No. 748, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Le TD, Zhang J, Liu L, Li J. Computational methods for identifying miRNA sponge interactions. Brief Bioinform 2016; 18:577-590. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis proposes that transcripts with shared microRNA (miRNA) binding sites compete for post-transcriptional control. This hypothesis has gained substantial attention as a unifying function for long non-coding RNAs, pseudogene transcripts and circular RNAs, as well as an alternative function for messenger RNAs. Empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis is accumulating but not without attracting scepticism. Recent studies that model transcriptome-wide binding-site abundance suggest that physiological changes in expression of most individual transcripts will not compromise miRNA activity. In this Review, we critically evaluate the evidence for and against the ceRNA hypothesis to assess the impact of endogenous miRNA-sponge interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Thomson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
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Yuan Y, Ren X, Xie Z, Wang X. A quantitative understanding of microRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA regulation. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-016-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hemmatzadeh M, Mohammadi H, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Asghari F, Yousefi M. The role of oncomirs in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Solid tumors require angiogenesis to grow beyond 2 mm in size. In most cases, tumor cells undergo angiogenic switch and secrete substances that are required for generation of new capillary sprouting from existing blood vessels. Tumor angiogenesis is driven by a complex interplay between pro-angiogenic (VEGF/VEGFR, PDGF/PDGFR) and anti-angiogenic factors (TSP-1/TSP-2) within the tumor microenvironment. In addition, control of tissue remodeling and degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) contribute to tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, tumor suppressors or oncogenes that control cellular motility and maintain or promote hypoxia (HIFs and MYC) are also actively playing roles in tumor angiogenesis. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, are a novel class of regulatory molecules that control the gene expression in a posttranscriptional manner. MicroRNAs regulate important physiological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, as well as pathological conditions including oncogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs directly modulate the process of angiogenesis by targeting important angiogenic factors and signaling molecules. Understanding the molecular mechanism behind the regulation of angiogenesis by microRNAs is important due to their therapeutic potential which may lead to improving outcome for cancer patients. Besides, ncRNAs with a regulatory role in angiogenesis, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been identified in the genome. However, the mechanisms of the vast majority of lncRNAs are currently unknown. For the few lncRNAs characterized at the functional level, accumulating evidence shows that they play important roles in malignant diseases. The function and mechanism in angiogenesis will be described in this chapter.
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Sandhu GK, Milevskiy MJG, Wilson W, Shewan AM, Brown MA. Non-coding RNAs in Mammary Gland Development and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 886:121-153. [PMID: 26659490 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7417-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are untranslated RNA molecules that function to regulate the expression of numerous genes and associated biochemical pathways and cellular functions. NcRNAs include small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). They participate in the regulation of all developmental processes and are frequently aberrantly expressed or functionally defective in disease. This Chapter will focus on the role of ncRNAs, in particular miRNAs and lncRNAs, in mammary gland development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurveen K Sandhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Michael J G Milevskiy
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Wesley Wilson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Annette M Shewan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Melissa A Brown
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
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Foxo3 activity promoted by non-coding effects of circular RNA and Foxo3 pseudogene in the inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Oncogene 2015; 35:3919-31. [PMID: 26657152 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the upregulation of a pseudogene specific to a protein-coding gene could function as a sponge to bind multiple potential targeting microRNAs (miRNAs), resulting in increased gene expression. Similarly, it was recently demonstrated that circular RNAs can function as sponges for miRNAs, and could upregulate expression of mRNAs containing an identical sequence. Furthermore, some mRNAs are now known to not only translate protein, but also function to sponge miRNA binding, facilitating gene expression. Collectively, these appear to be effective mechanisms to ensure gene expression and protein activity. Here we show that expression of a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors, Foxo3, is regulated by the Foxo3 pseudogene (Foxo3P), and Foxo3 circular RNA, both of which bind to eight miRNAs. We found that the ectopic expression of the Foxo3P, Foxo3 circular RNA and Foxo3 mRNA could all suppress tumor growth and cancer cell proliferation and survival. Our results showed that at least three mechanisms are used to ensure protein translation of Foxo3, which reflects an essential role of Foxo3 and its corresponding non-coding RNAs.
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The pseudogene TUSC2P promotes TUSC2 function by binding multiple microRNAs. Nat Commun 2015; 5:2914. [PMID: 24394498 PMCID: PMC3896787 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various non-coding regions of the genome, once presumed to be ‘junk’ DNA, have recently been found to be transcriptionally active. In particular, pseudogenes are now known to have important biological roles. Here we report that transcripts of the two tumour suppressor candidate-2 pseudogenes (TUSC2P), found on chromosomes X and Y, are homologous to the 3′-UTR of their corresponding protein coding transcript, TUSC2. TUSC2P and the TUSC2 3′-UTR share many common miRNA-binding sites, including miR-17, miR-93, miR-299-3p, miR-520a, miR-608 and miR-661. We find that ectopic expression of TUSC2P and the TUSC2 3′-UTR inhibits cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and colony formation, and increases tumour cell death. By interacting with endogenous miRNAs, TUSC2P and TUSC2 3′-UTR arrest the functions of these miRNAs, resulting in increased translation of TUSC2. The TUSC2P and TUSC2 3′-UTR could thus be used as combinatorial miRNA inhibitors and might have clinical applications. Non-coding RNAs have recently emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression. Here Rutnam et al. identify a pseudogene complementary to the 3′-UTR of the TUSC2 tumour suppressor that regulates TUSC2 levels by acting as a decoy for endogenous microRNAs and thereby inhibits tumorigenesis.
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Dai Q, Li J, Zhou K, Liang T. Competing endogenous RNA: A novel posttranscriptional regulatory dimension associated with the progression of cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2683-2690. [PMID: 26722227 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of artificial sponges and antisense oligonucleotides designed to decrease the availability of microRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small non-coding RNAs that target RNA transcripts through miRNA response elements (MREs) involved in gene expression, suggests that miRNAs may also be regulated. The wide range of RNA transcripts harboring MREs, termed competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), includes protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs, for example long non-coding RNAs, pseudogenes and circular RNAs, which compete for a common pool of miRNAs as natural decoys. These ceRNAs are co-regulated and produce large, complex posttranscriptional regulatory networks, which have been implicated in numerous biological processes. The present review discusses recent discoveries that implicate natural microRNA decoys in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Dai
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecule Activity Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, P.R. China ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, P.R. China
| | - Jixia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, P.R. China
| | - Keyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecule Activity Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecule Activity Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, P.R. China
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Qi X, Zhang DH, Wu N, Xiao JH, Wang X, Ma W. ceRNA in cancer: possible functions and clinical implications. J Med Genet 2015; 52:710-8. [PMID: 26358722 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 937] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are transcripts that can regulate each other at post-transcription level by competing for shared miRNAs. CeRNA networks link the function of protein-coding mRNAs with that of non-coding RNAs such as microRNA, long non-coding RNA, pseudogenic RNA and circular RNA. Given that any transcripts harbouring miRNA response element can theoretically function as ceRNAs, they may represent a widespread form of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in both physiology and pathology. CeRNA activity is influenced by multiple factors such as the abundance and subcellular localisation of ceRNA components, binding affinity of miRNAs to their sponges, RNA editing, RNA secondary structures and RNA-binding proteins. Aberrations in these factors may deregulate ceRNA networks and thus lead to human diseases including cancer. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms and molecular bases of ceRNA networks, discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of cancer as well as methods of predicting and validating ceRNA interplay. At last, we discuss the limitations of current ceRNA theory, propose possible directions and envision the possibilities of ceRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Qi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhao Q, Zhai YX, Liu HQ, Shi YA, Li XB. MicroRNA-491-5p suppresses cervical cancer cell growth by targeting hTERT. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:979-86. [PMID: 26034994 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have been shown to regulate a variety of biological processes by targeting messenger RNA. MicroRNA-491-5p (miR-491-5p), an important miRNA, has been demonstrated to be involved in the processes of initiation and progression in several tumors. However, the precise biological function of miR-491-5p and its molecular mechanism in cervical cancer cells remain elusive. The present study was carried out to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic value of miR-491-5p expression in cervical cancer, and to evaluate the role of miR-491-5p and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in cervical cancer. The results showed that miR-491-5p expression was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues when compared with the corresponding adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001), and the value was negatively associated with advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, high histological grading and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). The enforced expression of miR-491-5p in cervical cancer cells significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed the tumor growth of the mouse model of HeLa cells. In addition, the dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was identified as a novel target gene of miR-491-5p. Notably, it was found that miR-491-5p regulated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results suggested that targeting miR-491-5p is a strategy for blocking the development of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xian Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Bai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Wang AM, Huang TT, Hsu KW, Huang KH, Fang WL, Yang MH, Lo SS, Chi CW, Lin JJ, Yeh TS. Yin Yang 1 is a target of microRNA-34 family and contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5002-16. [PMID: 24970812 PMCID: PMC4148117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Herein, we investigated the role of transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a multi-functional protein, in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells. Results showed that YY1 contributed to gastric carcinogenesis of SC-M1 cells including growth, viability, and abilities of colony formation, migration, invasion, and tumorsphere formation. Levels of pluripotency genes CD44, Oct4, SOX-2, and Nanog were also up-regulated by YY1 in SC-M1 cells. Additionally, the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of YY1 mRNA was the target of microRNA-34 (miR-34) family consisting of miR-34a, miR-34b, and miR-34c. Overexpression of miR-34 family suppressed carcinogenesis through down-regulation of YY1 in NUGC-3 gastric cancer cells scarcely expressing miR-34 family. Alternatively, knockdown of miR-34 family promoted tumorigenesis via up-regulation of YY1 in SC-M1 and AZ521 gastric cancer cells with higher levels of miR-34 family. The miR-34 family also affected tumorsphere ultra-structure and inhibited the xenografted tumor growth as well as lung metastasis of SC-M1 cells through YY1. Expressions of miR-34a and miR-34c in gastric cancer tissues of patients were lower than those in normal tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-34 family-YY1 axis plays an important role in the control of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Ming Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kuo-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei , Taiwan. Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei , Taiwan. Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Su-Shun Lo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yi-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wen Chi
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jer Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shun Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei , Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ge D, Han L, Huang S, Peng N, Wang P, Jiang Z, Zhao J, Su L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Kung H, Zhao B, Miao J. Identification of a novel MTOR activator and discovery of a competing endogenous RNA regulating autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. Autophagy 2015; 10:957-71. [PMID: 24879147 DOI: 10.4161/auto.28363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MTOR, a central regulator of autophagy, is involved in cancer and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Modulating the MTOR signaling balance could be of great significance for numerous diseases. No chemical activators of MTOR have been found, and the urgent challenge is to find novel MTOR downstream components. In previous studies, we found a chemical small molecule, 3-benzyl-5-((2-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3BDO), that inhibited autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and neuronal cells. Here, we found that 3BDO activated MTOR by targeting FKBP1A (FK506-binding protein 1A, 12 kDa). We next used 3BDO to detect novel factors downstream of the MTOR signaling pathway. Activation of MTOR by 3BDO increased the phosphorylation of TIA1 (TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein/T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1). Finally, we used gene microarray, RNA interference, RNA-ChIP assay, bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay, and other assays and found that 3BDO greatly decreased the level of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) derived from the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of TGFB2, known as FLJ11812. TIA1 was responsible for processing FLJ11812. Further experiments results showed that FLJ11812 could bind with MIR4459 targeting ATG13 (autophagy-related 13), and ATG13 protein level was decreased along with 3BDO-decreased FLJ11812 level. Here, we provide a new activator of MTOR, and our findings highlight the role of the lncRNA in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - Lei Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - ShuYa Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - Nan Peng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - PengChong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - Le Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - ShangLi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research; Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; Shandong University Qilu Hospital; Jinan, China
| | - HsiangFu Kung
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing, China
| | - BaoXiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan, China
| | - JunYing Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University; Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research; Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; Shandong University Qilu Hospital; Jinan, China
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Inhibition of RAC1-GEF DOCK3 by miR-512-3p contributes to suppression of metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 61:103-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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48
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Sanchez-Mejias A, Tay Y. Competing endogenous RNA networks: tying the essential knots for cancer biology and therapeutics. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:30. [PMID: 25888444 PMCID: PMC4381443 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently discovered dimension of post-transcriptional gene regulation involves co-regulatory crosstalk between RNA transcripts, which compete for common pools of microRNA (miRNA) molecules. These competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), or natural miRNA sponges, have an active role in regulating miRNA availability within the cell and form intertwined regulatory networks. Recent reports have implicated diverse RNA species including protein-coding messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs as ceRNAs in human development and diseases including human cancer. In this review, we discuss the most recent discoveries that implicate natural miRNA decoys in human cancer biology, as well as exciting advances in the study of ceRNA networks and dynamics. The structure and topology of intricate genome-scale ceRNA networks can be predicted computationally, and their dynamic response to fluctuations in ceRNA and miRNA levels can be studied via mathematical modeling. Additionally, the development of new methods to quantitatively determine absolute expression levels of miRNA and ceRNA molecules have expanded the capacity to accurately study the efficiency of ceRNA crosstalk in diverse biological models. These major milestones are of critical importance to identify key components of ceRNA regulatory networks that could aid the development of new approaches to cancer diagnostics and oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avencia Sanchez-Mejias
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Poliseno L, Pandolfi PP. PTEN ceRNA networks in human cancer. Methods 2015; 77-78:41-50. [PMID: 25644446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple human cancer types, a close link exists between the expression levels of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and its oncosuppressive activities. Therefore, an in depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which PTEN expression is modulated is crucial in order to achieve a comprehensive knowledge of its biological roles. In recent years, the competition between PTEN mRNA and other RNAs for shared microRNA molecules has emerged as one such mechanism and has brought into focus the coding-independent activities of PTEN and other mRNAs. In this review article, we examine the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) partners of PTEN that have been identified so far. We also discuss how PTEN-centered ceRNA networks can contribute to a deeper understanding of PTEN function and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Poliseno
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cheng DL, Xiang YY, Ji LJ, Lu XJ. Competing endogenous RNA interplay in cancer: mechanism, methodology, and perspectives. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:479-88. [PMID: 25604144 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) refer to RNA transcripts, such as mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, pseudogene transcripts, and circular RNAs, that can regulate each other by competing for the same pool of miRNAs. ceRNAs involve in the pathogenesis of several common cancers such as prostate cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, endometrial cancer, and so on. ceRNA activity is determined by factors such as miRNA/ceRNA abundance, ceRNAs binding affinity to miRNAs, RNA editing, and RNA-binding proteins. The alteration of any of these factors may lead to ceRNA network imbalance and thus contribute to cancer initiation and progression. There are generally three steps in ceRNA research conductions: ceRNA prediction, ceRNA validation, and ceRNA functional investigation. Deciphering ceRNA interplay in cancer provides new insight into cancer pathogenesis and opportunities for therapy exploration. In this review, we try to give readers a concise and reliable illustration on the mechanism, functions, research approaches, and perspective of ceRNA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, China
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