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Tran LN, Loew SK, Franco SJ. Notch Signaling Plays a Dual Role in Regulating the Neuron-to-Oligodendrocyte Switch in the Developing Dorsal Forebrain. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6854-6871. [PMID: 37640551 PMCID: PMC10573779 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0144-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells in the developing dorsal forebrain generate excitatory neurons followed by oligodendrocytes (OLs) and astrocytes. However, the specific mechanisms that regulate the timing of this neuron-glia switch are not fully understood. In this study, we show that the proper balance of Notch signaling in dorsal forebrain progenitors is required to generate oligodendrocytes during late stages of embryonic development. Using ex vivo and in utero approaches in mouse embryos of both sexes, we found that Notch inhibition reduced the number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the dorsal pallium. However, Notch overactivation also prevented oligodendrogenesis and maintained a progenitor state. These results point toward a dual role for Notch signaling in both promoting and inhibiting oligodendrogenesis, which must be fine-tuned to generate oligodendrocyte lineage cells at the right time and in the right numbers. We further identified the canonical Notch downstream factors HES1 and HES5 as negative regulators in this process. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9-mediated knockdown of Hes1 and Hes5 caused increased expression of the pro-oligodendrocyte factor ASCL1 and led to precocious oligodendrogenesis. Conversely, combining Notch overactivation with ASCL1 overexpression robustly promoted oligodendrogenesis, indicating a separate mechanism of Notch that operates synergistically with ASCL1 to specify an oligodendrocyte fate. We propose a model in which Notch signaling works together with ASCL1 to specify progenitors toward the oligodendrocyte lineage but also maintains a progenitor state through Hes-dependent repression of Ascl1 so that oligodendrocytes are not made too early, thus contributing to the precise timing of the neuron-glia switch.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neural progenitors make oligodendrocytes after neurogenesis starts to wind down, but the mechanisms that control the timing of this switch are poorly understood. In this study, we identify Notch signaling as a critical pathway that regulates the balance between progenitor maintenance and oligodendrogenesis. Notch signaling is required for the oligodendrocyte fate, but elevated Notch signaling prevents oligodendrogenesis and maintains a progenitor state. We provide evidence that these opposing functions are controlled by different mechanisms. Before the switch, Notch signaling through Hes factors represses oligodendrogenesis. Later, Notch signaling through an unknown mechanism promotes oligodendrogenesis synergistically with the transcription factor ASCL1. Our study underscores the complexity of Notch and reveals its importance in regulating the timing and numbers of oligodendrocyte production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuli N Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Sarah K Loew
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Gates Summer Internship Program, Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Santos J Franco
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Gates Summer Internship Program, Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Program in Pediatric Stem Cell Biology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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2
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Hosoya M, Fujioka M, Okano H, Ozawa H. Mapping of Notch signaling in the developing organ of Corti in common marmosets. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1188886. [PMID: 37351521 PMCID: PMC10282542 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1188886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The well-regulated development of the sensory epithelium is essential for hearing. This process involves the specification of a pro-sensory epithelium containing common progenitors that differentiate into hair and supporting cells. Notch signaling is one of the most critical pathways during these processes, and its modification is thought to be a feasible approach for treating hearing loss. Despite interspecies differences between rodents and primates or humans, most of our current knowledge regarding cochlear development has been obtained from rodent models. Methods We therefore examined and mapped the expression patterns of Notch signal components in the developing cochlea of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small monkey species native to the New World, a primate model animal. Results In contrast to the preserved expression patterns of the Notch signaling components in the hair cell differentiation between primates and rodents, we unveiled relatively large interspecies differences during the maturation of supporting cells. Discussion This improved knowledge of Notch signaling during primate cochlear development will facilitate the development of future regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Japan
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3
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Ye X, Li M, Bian W, Wu A, Zhang T, Li J, Zhou P, Cui H, Ding YQ, Liao M, Sun C. RBP-J deficiency promoted the proliferation and differentiation of CD133-positive cells in vitro and in vivo studies. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3839-3860. [PMID: 35661443 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although Notch signaling pathway could control the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), it is largely unknown about the effect of Notch signaling pathway on the neurogenesis of CD133-positive cells. By using the primary cultured ependymal cells and the transgenic mouse, we found that CD133 immunoreactivity was exclusively localized in the ependymal layer of ventricles, moreover, most CD133-positive cells were co-labeled with Nestin. In addition, recombination signal binding protein J (RBP-J), a key nuclear effector of Notch signaling pathway, was highly active in CD133-positive cells. CD133-positive cells can differentiate into the immature and mature neurons, in particular, the number of CD133-positive cells differentiating into the immature and mature neurons was significantly increased following the deficiency or interference of RBP-J in vivo or in vitro. By using real-time qPCR and western blot, we found that RBP-J and Hes1 were down-regulated while Notch1 was up-regulated in the expression levels of mRNAs and proteins following the deficiency or interference of RBP-J. These results demonstrated RBP-J deficiency promoted the proliferation and differentiation of CD133-positive cells. Therefore, we speculated that RBP-J could maintain CD133-positive cells in the characteristics of NSCs possibly by regulating Notch1/RBP-J/Hes1 pathway. It will provide a novel molecular insight into the function of RBP-J, as well as facilitate a future investigation of CD133-positive cells with respect to their potential application in neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anting Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huairui Cui
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenyou Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Oproescu AM, Han S, Schuurmans C. New Insights Into the Intricacies of Proneural Gene Regulation in the Embryonic and Adult Cerebral Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:642016. [PMID: 33658912 PMCID: PMC7917194 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.642016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the mammalian brain was thought to lack stem cells as no new neurons were found to be made in adulthood. That dogma changed ∼25 years ago with the identification of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult rodent forebrain. However, unlike rapidly self-renewing mature tissues (e.g., blood, intestinal crypts, skin), the majority of adult NSCs are quiescent, and those that become 'activated' are restricted to a few neurogenic zones that repopulate specific brain regions. Conversely, embryonic NSCs are actively proliferating and neurogenic. Investigations into the molecular control of the quiescence-to-proliferation-to-differentiation continuum in the embryonic and adult brain have identified proneural genes encoding basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) as critical regulators. These bHLH TFs initiate genetic programs that remove NSCs from quiescence and drive daughter neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to differentiate into specific neural cell subtypes, thereby contributing to the enormous cellular diversity of the adult brain. However, new insights have revealed that proneural gene activities are context-dependent and tightly regulated. Here we review how proneural bHLH TFs are regulated, with a focus on the murine cerebral cortex, drawing parallels where appropriate to other organisms and neural tissues. We discuss upstream regulatory events, post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation), protein-protein interactions, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms that govern bHLH TF expression, stability, localization, and consequent transactivation of downstream target genes. These tight regulatory controls help to explain paradoxical findings of changes to bHLH activity in different cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Oproescu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sisu Han
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Song NN, Ma P, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhu L, He CH, Mao B, Ding YQ. Rnf220/Zc4h2-mediated monoubiquitylation of Phox2 is required for noradrenergic neuron development. Development 2020; 147:dev185199. [PMID: 32094113 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenaline belongs to the monoamine system and is involved in cognition and emotional behaviors. Phox2a and Phox2b play essential but non-redundant roles during development of the locus coeruleus (LC), the main noradrenergic (NA) neuron center in the mammalian brain. The ubiquitin E3 ligase Rnf220 and its cofactor Zc4h2 participate in ventral neural tube patterning by modulating Shh/Gli signaling, and ZC4H2 mutation is associated with intellectual disability, although the mechanisms for this remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Zc4h2 and Rnf220 are required for the development of central NA neurons in the mouse brain. Both Zc4h2 and Rnf220 are expressed in developing LC-NA neurons. Although properly initiated at E10.5, the expression of genes associated with LC-NA neurons is not maintained at the later embryonic stages in mice with a deficiency of either Rnf220 or Zc4h2 In addition, we show that the Rnf220/Zc4h2 complex monoubiquitylates Phox2a/Phox2b, a process required for the full transcriptional activity of Phox2a/Phox2b. Our work reveals a role for Rnf220/Zc4h2 in regulating LC-NA neuron development, and this finding may be helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of ZC4H2 mutation-associated intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Chun-Hui He
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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6
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Ma P, Song NN, Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Zhang L, Kong Q, Ma L, Yang X, Ren B, Li C, Zhao X, Li Y, Xu Y, Gao X, Ding YQ, Mao B. Fine-Tuning of Shh/Gli Signaling Gradient by Non-proteolytic Ubiquitination during Neural Patterning. Cell Rep 2019; 28:541-553.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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7
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Zanotti S, Canalis E. Parathyroid hormone inhibits Notch signaling in osteoblasts and osteocytes. Bone 2017; 103:159-167. [PMID: 28676438 PMCID: PMC5568480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Notch receptors regulate bone formation by governing the function of osteoblastic cells. To determine whether PTH interacts with Notch signaling as a way to control osteoblast function, we tested the effects of PTH on Notch activity in osteoblast- and osteocyte-enriched cultures. Notch signaling was activated in osteoblast-enriched cells from wild-type C57BL/6J mice following exposure to the Notch ligand Delta-like (Dll)1 or by the transient transfection of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), the transcriptionally active fragment of Notch1. To induce Notch signaling in osteocyte-enriched cultures, a murine model of Notch2 gain-of-function was used. PTH opposed the stimulatory effects of Dll1 on Hey1, Hey2 and HeyL mRNA levels in osteoblast-enriched cells and suppressed the expression of selected Notch target genes in osteocyte-enriched cultures, either under basal conditions or in the context of Notch2 gain-of-function. Induction of Notch signaling in osteocytes did not alter the inhibitory effect of PTH on Sost expression, but reduced the stimulation of Tnfsf11 mRNA levels by PTH. In agreement with these in vitro observations, male mice administered with PTH displayed suppressed Hey1 and HeyL expression in parietal bones. Transactivation experiments with a Notch reporter construct and electrophoretic mobility shift assays in osteoblast-enriched cells suggest that PTH acts by decreasing the capacity of Rbpjκ to bind to DNA. In conclusion, downregulation of Notch in osteoblasts and osteocytes may represent a mechanism contributing to the anabolic effects of PTH in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotti
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-5456, USA.
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-5456, USA
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8
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Oliveira MAP, Balling R, Smidt MP, Fleming RMT. Embryonic development of selectively vulnerable neurons in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2017; 3:21. [PMID: 28685157 PMCID: PMC5484687 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-017-0022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific set of brainstem nuclei are susceptible to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. We hypothesise that neuronal vulnerability reflects shared phenotypic characteristics that confer selective vulnerability to degeneration. Neuronal phenotypic specification is mainly the cumulative result of a transcriptional regulatory program that is active during the development. By manual curation of the developmental biology literature, we comprehensively reconstructed an anatomically resolved cellular developmental lineage for the adult neurons in five brainstem regions that are selectively vulnerable to degeneration in prodromal or early Parkinson's disease. We synthesised the literature on transcription factors that are required to be active, or required to be inactive, in the development of each of these five brainstem regions, and at least two differentially vulnerable nuclei within each region. Certain transcription factors, e.g., Ascl1 and Lmx1b, seem to be required for specification of many brainstem regions that are susceptible to degeneration in early Parkinson's disease. Some transcription factors can even distinguish between differentially vulnerable nuclei within the same brain region, e.g., Pitx3 is required for specification of the substantia nigra pars compacta, but not the ventral tegmental area. We do not suggest that Parkinson's disease is a developmental disorder. In contrast, we consider identification of shared developmental trajectories as part of a broader effort to identify the molecular mechanisms that underlie the phenotypic features that are shared by selectively vulnerable neurons. Systematic in vivo assessment of fate determining transcription factors should be completed for all neuronal populations vulnerable to degeneration in early Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. P. Oliveira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, Belvaux, L-4362 Luxembourg
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, Belvaux, L-4362 Luxembourg
| | - Marten P. Smidt
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronan M. T. Fleming
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, Belvaux, L-4362 Luxembourg
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9
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Ware M, Hamdi-Rozé H, Le Friec J, David V, Dupé V. Regulation of downstream neuronal genes by proneural transcription factors during initial neurogenesis in the vertebrate brain. Neural Dev 2016; 11:22. [PMID: 27923395 PMCID: PMC5142277 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-016-0077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurons arise in very specific regions of the neural tube, controlled by components of the Notch signalling pathway, proneural genes, and other bHLH transcription factors. How these specific neuronal areas in the brain are generated during development is just beginning to be elucidated. Notably, the critical role of proneural genes during differentiation of the neuronal populations that give rise to the early axon scaffold in the developing brain is not understood. The regulation of their downstream effectors remains poorly defined. RESULTS This study provides the first overview of the spatiotemporal expression of proneural genes in the neuronal populations of the early axon scaffold in both chick and mouse. Overexpression studies and mutant mice have identified a number of specific neuronal genes that are targets of proneural transcription factors in these neuronal populations. CONCLUSION Together, these results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in differentiation of the first neuronal populations in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ware
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR6290, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140 GFAS, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,Present address: Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Anatomy Building, Downing Street, CB2 3DY, Cambridge, UK
| | - Houda Hamdi-Rozé
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR6290, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140 GFAS, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Julien Le Friec
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR6290, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140 GFAS, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Véronique David
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR6290, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140 GFAS, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Dupé
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR6290, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140 GFAS, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.
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10
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Gupta M, Neavin D, Liu D, Biernacka J, Hall-Flavin D, Bobo WV, Frye MA, Skime M, Jenkins GD, Batzler A, Kalari K, Matson W, Bhasin SS, Zhu H, Mushiroda T, Nakamura Y, Kubo M, Wang L, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Weinshilboum RM. TSPAN5, ERICH3 and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depressive disorder: pharmacometabolomics-informed pharmacogenomics. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1717-1725. [PMID: 26903268 PMCID: PMC5003027 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Millions of patients suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD), but many do not respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy. We used a pharmacometabolomics-informed pharmacogenomics research strategy to identify genes associated with metabolites that were related to SSRI response. Specifically, 306 MDD patients were treated with citalopram or escitalopram and blood was drawn at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks for blood drug levels, genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and metabolomic analyses. SSRI treatment decreased plasma serotonin concentrations (P<0.0001). Baseline and plasma serotonin concentration changes were associated with clinical outcomes (P<0.05). Therefore, baseline and serotonin concentration changes were used as phenotypes for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS for baseline plasma serotonin concentrations revealed a genome-wide significant (P=7.84E-09) SNP cluster on chromosome four 5' of TSPAN5 and a cluster across ERICH3 on chromosome one (P=9.28E-08) that were also observed during GWAS for change in serotonin at 4 (P=5.6E-08 and P=7.54E-07, respectively) and 8 weeks (P=1.25E-06 and P=3.99E-07, respectively). The SNPs on chromosome four were expression quantitative trait loci for TSPAN5. Knockdown (KD) and overexpression (OE) of TSPAN5 in a neuroblastoma cell line significantly altered the expression of serotonin pathway genes (TPH1, TPH2, DDC and MAOA). Chromosome one SNPs included two ERICH3 nonsynonymous SNPs that resulted in accelerated proteasome-mediated degradation. In addition, ERICH3 and TSPAN5 KD and OE altered media serotonin concentrations. Application of a pharmacometabolomics-informed pharmacogenomic research strategy, followed by functional validation, indicated that TSPAN5 and ERICH3 are associated with plasma serotonin concentrations and may have a role in SSRI treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gupta
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Neavin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J Biernacka
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics – Genetics and Bioinformatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Hall-Flavin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - W V Bobo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Skime
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G D Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics – Genetics and Bioinformatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Batzler
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics – Genetics and Bioinformatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Kalari
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics – Genetics and Bioinformatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - W Matson
- Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - S S Bhasin
- Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - T Mushiroda
- RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - L Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R M Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. E-mail:
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11
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Giannakopoulos A, Fryssira H, Tzetis M, Xaidara A, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Central precocious puberty in a boy with 22q13 deletion syndrome and NOTCH-1 gene duplication. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:1307-1311. [PMID: 27235670 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The 22q13 deletion syndrome or Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with developmental delay, hypotonia, delayed or absent speech, autistic-like behavior, normal to accelerated growth and dysmorphic faces. We report the occurrence of central precocious puberty in a boy diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. At the age of 1 year, our patient presented with increased testicular volume for his age, bone age advancement and growth acceleration. Stimulated gonadotropin levels demonstrated a premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Central precocious puberty was treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog. Molecular diagnosis with array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) revealed a major deletion of 5.8 Mb at the 22q13 chromosomal region and a 25 kb duplication at the 9q34.3 region that included the NOTCH-1 gene. On the background of 22q13 deletion syndrome and data from animals on the effect of abnormal NOTCH-1 gene expression on kisspeptin neuron formation, we discuss the probable role of Notch signaling in the premature activation of the HPG axis.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/drug therapy
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Disorders/diagnosis
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Delayed Diagnosis
- Drug Monitoring
- Gene Duplication
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/adverse effects
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/therapeutic use
- Greece
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Puberty, Precocious/diagnosis
- Puberty, Precocious/drug therapy
- Puberty, Precocious/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Reproductive Control Agents/adverse effects
- Reproductive Control Agents/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
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Rahimi-Balaei M, Afsharinezhad P, Bailey K, Buchok M, Yeganeh B, Marzban H. Embryonic stages in cerebellar afferent development. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2015; 2:7. [PMID: 26331050 PMCID: PMC4552263 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-015-0026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is important for motor control, cognition, and language processing. Afferent and efferent fibers are major components of cerebellar circuitry and impairment of these circuits causes severe cerebellar malfunction, such as ataxia. The cerebellum receives information from two major afferent types – climbing fibers and mossy fibers. In addition, a third set of afferents project to the cerebellum as neuromodulatory fibers. The spatiotemporal pattern of early cerebellar afferents that enter the developing embryonic cerebellum is not fully understood. In this review, we will discuss the cerebellar architecture and connectivity specifically related to afferents during development in different species. We will also consider the order of afferent fiber arrival into the developing cerebellum to establish neural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi-Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 Canada ; College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Manitoba Institute of Child Health (MICH), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Pegah Afsharinezhad
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 Canada
| | - Karen Bailey
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 Canada
| | - Matthew Buchok
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 Canada
| | - Behzad Yeganeh
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 Canada ; College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Manitoba Institute of Child Health (MICH), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
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Uterine Rbpj is required for embryonic-uterine orientation and decidual remodeling via Notch pathway-independent and -dependent mechanisms. Cell Res 2014; 24:925-42. [PMID: 24971735 PMCID: PMC4123295 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated uterine-embryonic axis formation and decidual remodeling are hallmarks of mammalian post-implantation embryo development. Embryonic-uterine orientation is determined at initial implantation and synchronized with decidual development. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling these events remain elusive despite its discovery a long time ago. In the present study, we found that uterine-specific deletion of Rbpj, the nuclear transducer of Notch signaling, resulted in abnormal embryonic-uterine orientation and decidual patterning at post-implantation stages, leading to substantial embryo loss. We further revealed that prior to embryo attachment, Rbpj confers on-time uterine lumen shape transformation via physically interacting with uterine estrogen receptor (ERα) in a Notch pathway-independent manner, which is essential for the initial establishment of embryo orientation in alignment with uterine axis. While at post-implantation stages, Rbpj directly regulates the expression of uterine matrix metalloproteinase in a Notch pathway-dependent manner, which is required for normal post-implantation decidual remodeling. These results demonstrate that uterine Rbpj is essential for normal embryo development via instructing the initial embryonic-uterine orientation and ensuring normal decidual patterning in a stage-specific manner. Our data also substantiate the concept that normal mammalian embryonic-uterine orientation requires proper guidance from developmentally controlled uterine signaling.
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Hermann-Kleiter N, Baier G. Orphan nuclear receptor NR2F6 acts as an essential gatekeeper of Th17 CD4+ T cell effector functions. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:38. [PMID: 24919548 PMCID: PMC4066320 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the evolutionarily conserved family of the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor NR2F/COUP-TF orphan receptors have been implicated in lymphocyte biology, ranging from activation to differentiation and elicitation of immune effector functions. In particular, a CD4+ T cell intrinsic and non-redundant function of NR2F6 as a potent and selective repressor of the transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (Il) 2, interferon y (ifng) and consequently of T helper (Th)17 CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders has been discovered. NR2F6 serves as an antigen receptor signaling threshold-regulated barrier against autoimmunity where NR2F6 is part of a negative feedback loop that limits inflammatory tissue damage induced by weakly immunogenic antigens such as self-antigens. Under such low affinity antigen receptor stimulation, NR2F6 appears as a prototypical repressor that functions to “lock out” harmful Th17 lineage effector transcription. Mechanistically, only sustained high affinity antigen receptor-induced protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation has been shown to inactivate NR2F6, thereby displacing pre-bound NR2F6 from the DNA and, subsequently, allowing for robust NFAT/AP-1- and RORγt-mediated cytokine transcription. The NR2F6 target gene repertoire thus identifies a general anti-inflammatory gatekeeper role for this orphan receptor. Investigating these signaling pathway(s) will enable a greater knowledge of the genetic, immune, and environmental mechanisms that lead to chronic inflammation and of certain autoimmune disorders in a given individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter Mayr Str, 1a, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Wen J, Lopes F, Soares G, Farrell SA, Nelson C, Qiao Y, Martell S, Badukke C, Bessa C, Ylstra B, Lewis S, Isoherranen N, Maciel P, Rajcan-Separovic E. Phenotypic and functional consequences of haploinsufficiency of genes from exocyst and retinoic acid pathway due to a recurrent microdeletion of 2p13.2. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:100. [PMID: 23837398 PMCID: PMC3710273 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare, recurrent genomic imbalances facilitate the association of genotype with abnormalities at the "whole body" level. However, at the cellular level, the functional consequences of recurrent genomic abnormalities and how they can be linked to the phenotype are much less investigated. METHOD AND RESULTS We report an example of a functional analysis of two genes from a new, overlapping microdeletion of 2p13.2 region (from 72,140,702-72,924,626). The subjects shared intellectual disability (ID), language delay, hyperactivity, facial asymmetry, ear malformations, and vertebral and/or craniofacial abnormalities. The overlapping region included two genes, EXOC6B and CYP26B1, which are involved in exocytosis/Notch signaling and retinoic acid (RA) metabolism, respectively, and are of critical importance for early morphogenesis, symmetry as well as craniofacial, skeleton and brain development. The abnormal function of EXOC6B was documented in patient lymphoblasts by its reduced expression and with perturbed expression of Notch signaling pathway genes HES1 and RBPJ, previously noted to be the consequence of EXOC6B dysfunction in animal and cell line models. Similarly, the function of CYP26B1 was affected by the deletion since the retinoic acid induced expression of this gene in patient lymphoblasts was significantly lower compared to controls (8% of controls). CONCLUSION Haploinsufficiency of CYP26B1 and EXOC6B genes involved in retinoic acid and exocyst/Notch signaling pathways, respectively, has not been reported previously in humans. The developmental anomalies and phenotypic features of our subjects are in keeping with the dysfunction of these genes, considering their known role. Documenting their dysfunction at the cellular level in patient cells enhanced our understanding of biological processes which contribute to the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Wen
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Shi M, Hu ZL, Zheng MH, Song NN, Huang Y, Zhao G, Han H, Ding YQ. Notch–Rbpj signaling is required for the development of noradrenergic neurons in the mouse locus coeruleus. Development 2012. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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