1
|
Gonzalez-Nolde S, Schweiger CJ, Davis EER, Manzoni TJ, Hussein SMI, Schmidt TA, Cone SG, Jay GD, Parreno J. The Actin Cytoskeleton as a Regulator of Proteoglycan 4. Cartilage 2024:19476035231223455. [PMID: 38183234 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231223455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage is responsible for distributing shear forces for optimal cartilage loading and contributes to joint lubrication through the production of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4). PRG4 plays a critical role in joint homeostasis and is chondroprotective. Normal PRG4 production is affected by inflammation and irregular mechanical loading in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). THe SZ chondrocyte (SZC) phenotype, including PRG4 expression, is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in vitro. There remains a limited understanding of the regulation of PRG4 by the actin cytoskeleton in native articular chondrocytes. The filamentous (F)-actin cytoskeleton is a potential node in crosstalk between mechanical stimulation and cytokine activation and the regulation of PRG4 in SZCs, therefore developing insights in the regulation of PRG4 by actin may identify molecular targets for novel PTOA therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search on PRG4 and the regulation of the SZC phenotype by actin organization was performed. RESULTS PRG4 is strongly regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in isolated SZCs in vitro. Biochemical and mechanical stimuli have been characterized to regulate PRG4 and may converge upon actin cytoskeleton signaling. CONCLUSION Actin-based regulation of PRG4 in native SZCs is not fully understood and requires further elucidation. Understanding the regulation of PRG4 by actin in SZCs requires an in vivo context to further potential of leveraging actin arrangement to arthritic therapeutics.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sasivimolrattana T, Bhattarakosol P. Impact of actin polymerization and filopodia formation on herpes simplex virus entry in epithelial, neuronal, and T lymphocyte cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1301859. [PMID: 38076455 PMCID: PMC10704452 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1301859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been known as a common viral pathogen that can infect several parts of the body, leading to various clinical manifestations. According to this diverse manifestation, HSV-1 infection in many cell types was demonstrated. Besides the HSV-1 cell tropism, e.g., fibroblast, epithelial, mucosal cells, and neurons, HSV-1 infections can occur in human T lymphocyte cells, especially in activated T cells. In addition, several studies found that actin polymerization and filopodia formation support HSV-1 infection in diverse cell types. Hence, the goal of this review is to explore the mechanism of HSV-1 infection in various types of cells involving filopodia formation and highlight potential future directions for HSV-1 entry-related research. Moreover, this review covers several strategies for possible anti-HSV drugs focused on the entry step, offering insights into potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhao W, Yang H, Zhao S, Tang D, Zhang Q, Li Z, Liu H, Li H, Li B, Lappalainen P, Xu T, Cui Z, Jiu Y. Single particle tracking reveals SARS-CoV-2 regulating and utilizing dynamic filopodia for viral invasion. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2210-2224. [PMID: 37661543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry mechanism has been explored, little is known about how SARS-CoV-2 regulates the subcellular structural remodeling to invade multiple organs and cell types. Here, we unveil how SARS-CoV-2 boosts and utilizes filopodia to enter the target cells by real-time imaging. Using SARS-CoV-2 single virus-like particle (VLP) tracking in live cells and sparse deconvolution algorithm, we uncover that VLPs utilize filopodia to reach the entry site in two patterns, "surfing" and "grabbing", which avoid the virus from randomly searching on the plasma membrane. Moreover, combining mechanical simulation, we elucidate that the formation of virus-induced filopodia and the retraction speed of filopodia depend on cytoskeleton dynamics and friction resistance at the substrate surface caused by loading-virus gravity, respectively. Further, we discover that the entry process of SARS-CoV-2 via filopodia depends on Cdc42 activity and actin-associated proteins fascin, formin, and Arp2/3. Together, our results highlight that the spatial-temporal regulation of actin cytoskeleton by SARS-CoV-2 infection makes filopodia as a highway for virus entry and potentiates it as an antiviral target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weisong Zhao
- Innovation Photonics and Imaging Center, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hui Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Daijiao Tang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | | | - Haoyu Li
- Innovation Photonics and Imaging Center, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tao Xu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang C, Hu R, Wang T, Duan L, Hou Q, Wang J, Yang Z. A bivalent β-carboline derivative inhibits macropinocytosis-dependent entry of pseudorabies virus by targeting the kinase DYRK1A. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104605. [PMID: 36918100 PMCID: PMC10140166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) has become a "new life-threatening zoonosis" since the human-originated PRV strain was first isolated in 2020. To identify novel anti-PRV agents, we screened a total of 107 β-carboline derivatives and found 20 compounds displaying antiviral activity against PRV. Among them, 14 compounds showed better antiviral activity than acyclovir. We found that compound 45 exhibited the strongest anti-PRV activity with an IC50 value of less than 40 nM. Our in vivo studies showed that treatment with 45 significantly reduced the viral loads and protected mice challenged with PRV. To clarify the mode of action of 45, we conducted a time of addition assay, an adsorption assay, and an entry assay. Our results indicated that 45 neither had a virucidal effect nor affected viral adsorption while significantly inhibiting PRV entry. Using the FITC-dextran uptake assay, we determined that 45 inhibits macropinocytosis. The actin-dependent plasma membrane protrusion, which is important for macropinocytosis, was also suppressed by 45. Further, the kinase DYRK1A was predicted to be a potential target for 45. The binding of 45 to DYRK1A was confirmed by DARTS and CETSA. Further analysis revealed that knockdown of DYRK1A by siRNA suppressed PRV macropinocytosis and the TNFα-induced formation of protrusions. These results suggested that 45 could restrain PRV macropinocytosis by targeting DYRK1A. Together, these findings reveal a unique mechanism through which β-carboline derivatives restrain PRV infection, pointing to their potential value in the development of anti-PRV agents. Our data also reveal a potential target for designing novel macropinocytosis inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ruochen Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Liuyuan Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China.
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Role of a small GTPase Cdc42 in aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2023; 24:27-46. [PMID: 36598630 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-10008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A small GTPase, Cdc42 is evolutionarily one of the most ancient members of the Rho family, which is ubiquitously expressed and involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions. The crucial role of Cdc42 includes regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarity, morphology and migration, endocytosis and exocytosis, cell cycle, and proliferation in many different cell types. Many studies have provided compelling yet contradicting evidence that Cdc42 dysregulation plays an important role in cellular and tissue aging. Furthermore, Cdc42 is a critical factor in the development and progression of aging-related pathologies, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes type 2, and aging-related disorders of the joints and bones, and the inhibition of the Cdc42 demonstrates potentially significant therapeutic and anti-aging effects in animal models of aging and disease. However, regulation of Cdc42 expression and activity is very complex and depends on many factors, such as the origin and complexity of the tissues, hormonal status, etc. Therefore, this review is focused on current advances in understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with Cdc42 activity and regulation of senescence in different cell types since they may provide a foundation for novel therapeutic strategies and targeted drugs to reverse the aging process and treat aging-associated disorders.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Functions of cIAP1. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020322. [PMID: 35204822 PMCID: PMC8869227 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) is a cell signaling regulator of the IAP family. Through its E3-ubiquitine ligase activity, it has the ability to activate intracellular signaling pathways, modify signal transduction pathways by changing protein-protein interaction networks, and stop signal transduction by promoting the degradation of critical components of signaling pathways. Thus, cIAP1 appears to be a potent determinant of the response of cells, enabling their rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions or intra- or extracellular stresses. It is expressed in almost all tissues, found in the cytoplasm, membrane and/or nucleus of cells. cIAP1 regulates innate immunity by controlling signaling pathways mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRs), some cytokine receptors and pattern recognition-receptors (PRRs). Although less documented, cIAP1 has also been involved in the regulation of cell migration and in the control of transcriptional programs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Salameh J, Cantaloube I, Benoit B, Poüs C, Baillet A. Cdc42 and its BORG2 and BORG3 effectors control the subcellular localization of septins between actin stress fibers and microtubules. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4088-4103.e5. [PMID: 34329591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell resistance to taxanes involves several complementary mechanisms, among which septin relocalization from actin stress fibers to microtubules plays an early role. By investigating the molecular mechanism underlying this relocalization, we found that acute paclitaxel treatment triggers the release from stress fibers and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of binder of Rho GTPases 2 (BORG2)/Cdc42 effector protein 3 (Cdc42EP3) and to a lesser extent of BORG3/Cdc42EP5, two Cdc42 effectors that link septins to actin in interphase cells. BORG2 or BORG3 silencing not only caused septin detachment from stress fibers but also mimicked the effects of paclitaxel by triggering both septin relocalization to microtubules and significant drug resistance. Conversely, BORG2 or BORG3 overexpression retained septins on actin fibers even after paclitaxel treatment, without affecting paclitaxel sensitivity. We found that drug-induced inhibition of Cdc42 resulted in a drop in BORG2 level and in the relocalization of septins to microtubules. Accordingly, although septins relocalized when overexpressing an inactive mutant of Cdc42, the expression of a constitutively active mutant acted locally at actin stress fibers to prevent septin release, even after paclitaxel treatment. These findings reveal the role of Cdc42 upstream of BORG2 and BORG3 in controlling the interplay between septins, actin fibers, and microtubules in basal condition and in response to taxanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Salameh
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Cantaloube
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Béatrice Benoit
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP, Clamart, France.
| | - Anita Baillet
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoshika S, Sun X, Kuranaga E, Umetsu D. Reduction of endocytic activity accelerates cell elimination during tissue remodeling of the Drosophila epidermal epithelium. Development 2020; 147:dev.179648. [PMID: 32156754 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues undergo cell turnover both during development and for homeostatic maintenance. Cells that are no longer needed are quickly removed without compromising the barrier function of the tissue. During metamorphosis, insects undergo developmentally programmed tissue remodeling. However, the mechanisms that regulate this rapid tissue remodeling are not precisely understood. Here, we show that the temporal dynamics of endocytosis modulate physiological cell properties to prime larval epidermal cells for cell elimination. Endocytic activity gradually reduces as tissue remodeling progresses. This reduced endocytic activity accelerates cell elimination through the regulation of Myosin II subcellular reorganization, junctional E-cadherin levels, and caspase activation. Whereas the increased Myosin II dynamics accelerates cell elimination, E-cadherin plays a protective role against cell elimination. Reduced E-cadherin is involved in the amplification of caspase activation by forming a positive-feedback loop with caspase. These findings reveal the role of endocytosis in preventing cell elimination and in the cell-property switching initiated by the temporal dynamics of endocytic activity to achieve rapid cell elimination during tissue remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Hoshika
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daiki Umetsu
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maeda E, Kuroyanagi K, Ando Y, Matsumoto T. Effects of Substrate Stiffness on Morphology and MMP-1 Gene Expression in Tenocytes Stimulated With Interleukin-1β. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:150-159. [PMID: 31254408 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendon cells, tenocytes, are constantly subjected to mechanical stress in vivo, which maintains a level of cellular tension. When a tendon is subjected to overloading, local rupture of collagen fibers are induced, which deprives tenocytes of mechanical stress, lowers their cellular tension level and upregulates their catabolism. In addition, leukocytes are attracted to the rupture sites and produce interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and this exogenous IL-1β also stimulates tenocyte catabolism. We tested a hypothesis that catabolic tenocytes with low cellular tension at the rupture sites excessively respond to the exogenous IL-1β and further upregulate matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) gene expression. Tenocytes from rabbit Achilles tendon were cultured on the following substrates: glass or polydimethylsiloxane micropillar substrates with a height of 2, 4, or 8 µm. Following a 3-day IL-1β stimulation at a concentration of 0, 1, 10, or 100 pM, the effects of IL-1β stimulation on cell morphology and MMP-1 gene expression was analysed with fluorescent microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. In addition, the effects of IL-1β stimulation on cell membrane fluidity were examined. It was demonstrated that the cells on 8-µm-height micropillars exhibited a greater response than those on rigid substrates with flat (glass) and topologically the same surface (2-µm-height micropillars) to IL-1β when supplied at the same concentration. Besides this, membrane fluidity was lower in the cells on micropillars. Therefore, it appears that cellular attachment to softer substrates lowers the cellular actin cortex tension, reducing the membrane fluidity and possibly elevating the sensitivity of IL-1 receptors to ligand binding. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:150-159, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eijiro Maeda
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaname Kuroyanagi
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoriko Ando
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeo Matsumoto
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Jin X, Liang J, Guo Y, Sun G, Zeng X, Yin H. Extracellular vesicles derived from ODN-stimulated macrophages transfer and activate Cdc42 in recipient cells and thereby increase cellular permissiveness to EV uptake. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1564. [PMID: 31355328 PMCID: PMC6656539 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate intracellular innate immunity via the recognition of DNA and RNA sequences. Recent work has reported a role for extracellular vesicles (EVs), known to transfer various nucleic acids, in uptake of TLR-activating molecules, raising speculation about possible roles of EVs in innate immune surveillance. Whether EV-mediated uptake is a general mechanism, however, was unresolved; and the molecular machinery that might be involved was unknown. We show that, when macrophages are stimulated with the TLR9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), the secreted EVs transport ODN into naïve macrophages and induce the release of chemokine TNF-α. In addition, these EVs transfer Cdc42 into recipient cells, resulting in further enhancement of their cellular uptake. Transport of ODN and Cdc42 from TLR9-activated macrophages to naïve cells via EVs exerts synergetic effects in propagation of the intracellular immune response, suggesting a general mechanism of EV-mediated uptake of pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
- Tsinghua University–Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Tsinghua University–Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Tsinghua University–Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yilan Guo
- Tsinghua University–Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Gaoge Sun
- Tsinghua University–Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Tsinghua University–Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
- Tsinghua University–Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheerathodi MR, Meckes DG. The Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 interactome: biological implications and therapeutic targets. Future Virol 2018; 13:863-887. [PMID: 34079586 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is mostly attributed to latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which is essential and sufficient for transformation of fibroblast and primary lymphocytes. LMP1 expression results in the activation of multiple signaling cascades like NF-ΚB and MAP kinases that trigger cell survival and proliferative pathways. LMP1 specific signaling events are mediated through the recruitment of a number of interacting proteins to various signaling domains. Based on these properties, LMP1 is an attractive target to develop effective therapeutics to treat EBV-related malignancies. In this review, we focus on LMP1 interacting proteins, associated signaling events, and potential targets that could be exploited for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb R Cheerathodi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306
| | - David G Meckes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maas SL, Soehnlein O, Viola JR. Organ-Specific Mechanisms of Transendothelial Neutrophil Migration in the Lung, Liver, Kidney, and Aorta. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2739. [PMID: 30538702 PMCID: PMC6277681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are dependent on the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. The classical leukocyte recruitment cascade, consisting of capture, rolling, arrest, adhesion, crawling, and transendothelial migration, is thoroughly studied but mostly in model systems, such as the cremasteric microcirculation. This cascade paradigm, which is widely accepted, might be applicable to many tissues, however recruitment mechanisms might substantially vary in different organs. Over the last decade, several studies shed light on organ-specific mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment. An improved awareness of this matter opens new therapeutic windows and allows targeting inflammation in a tissue-specific manner. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the leukocyte recruitment in general and how this varies in different organs. In particular we focus on neutrophils, as these are the first circulating leukocytes to reach the site of inflammation. Specifically, the recruitment mechanism in large arteries, as well as vessels in the lungs, liver, and kidney will be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa) and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana R Viola
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Novel Functions of Death-Associated Protein Kinases through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Related Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103031. [PMID: 30287790 PMCID: PMC6213522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Death associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a calcium/calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine kinase; its main function is to regulate cell death. DAPK family proteins consist of DAPK1, DAPK2, DAPK3, DAPK-related apoptosis-inducing protein kinases (DRAK)-1 and DRAK-2. In this review, we discuss the roles and regulatory mechanisms of DAPK family members and their relevance to diseases. Furthermore, a special focus is given to several reports describing cross-talks between DAPKs and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) family members in various pathologies. We also discuss small molecule inhibitors of DAPKs and their potential as therapeutic targets against human diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chaker D, Mouawad C, Azar A, Quilliot D, Achkar I, Fajloun Z, Makdissy N. Inhibition of the RhoGTPase Cdc42 by ML141 enhances hepatocyte differentiation from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the Wnt5a/PI3K/miR-122 pathway: impact of the age of the donor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:167. [PMID: 29921325 PMCID: PMC6009972 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) are promising cells that may promote hepatocyte differentiation (Hep-Dif) and improve liver function, but the involvement of Cdc42, a key small RhoGTPase which plays a crucial role in aging, is still not well established. We hypothesized that the inhibition of Cdc42 may rescue the hepatogenic potential of hADSCs derived from aged donors. Methods hADSCs isolated from 61 women of different ages were cultured for evaluation of the proliferation of cells, adherence, apoptosis, immunomodulation, immunophenotyping, multipotency, gene expression, and cell function during Hep-Dif. Inhibition of Cdc42 by ML141 was realized during two phases: initiation (days –2 to 14 (D–2/14)) from undifferentiated to hepatoblast-like cells, or maturation (days 14 to 28 (D14/28)) from undifferentiated to hepatocyte-like cells. Mechanistic insights of the Wnt(s)/MAPK/PI3K/miR-122 pathways were studied. Results Cdc42 activity in undifferentiated hADSCs showed an age-dependent significant increase in Cdc42-GTP correlated to a decrease in Cdc42GAP; the low potentials of cell proliferation, doubling, adherence, and immunomodulatory ability (proinflammatory over anti-inflammatory) contrary to the apoptotic index of the aged group were significantly reversed by ML141. Aged donor cells showed a decreased potential for Hep-Dif which was rescued by ML141 treatment, giving rise to mature and functional hepatocyte-like cells as assessed by hepatic gene expression, cytochrome activity, urea and albumin production, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and glycogen storage. ML141-induced Hep-Dif showed an improvement in mesenchymal-epithelial transition, a switch from Wtn-3a/β-catenin to Wnt5a signaling, involvement of PI3K/PKB but not the MAPK (ERK/JNK/p38) pathway, induction of miR-122 expression, reinforcing the exosomes release and the production of albumin, and epigenetic changes. Inhibition of PI3K and miR-122 abolished completely the effects of ML141 indicating that inhibition of Cdc42 promotes the Hep-Dif through a Wnt5a/PI3K/miR-122/HNF4α/albumin/E-cadherin-positive action. The ML141(D–2/14) protocol had more pronounced effects when compared with ML141(D14/28); inhibition of DNA methylation in combination with ML141(D–2/14) showed more efficacy in rescuing the Hep-Dif of aged hADSCs. In addition to Hep-Dif, the multipotency of aged hADSC-treated ML141 was observed by rescuing the adipocyte and neural differentiation by inducing PPARγ/FABP4 and NeuN/O4 but inhibiting Pref-1 and GFAP, respectively. Conclusion ML141 has the potential to reverse the age-related aberrations in aged stem cells and promotes their hepatogenic differentiation. Selective inhibition of Cdc42 could be a potential target of drug therapy for aging and may give new insights on the improvement of Hep-Dif. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0910-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chaker
- Lebanese University, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon.,Paris Saclay University, Doctoral School, Therapeutical Innovation, Inserm UMR935, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Albert Azar
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon
| | - Didier Quilliot
- Diabetologia-Endocrinology & Nutrition, CHRU Nancy, INSERM 954, University Henri Poincaré de Lorraine, Faculty of Medicine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Ziad Fajloun
- Lebanese University, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Kobbe, Lebanon
| | - Nehman Makdissy
- Lebanese University, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Tripoli, Lebanon. .,Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Kobbe, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu S, Mao C, Yu J, Qi X, Wang J, Lu H. A study of the key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis families. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:259-269. [PMID: 29620146 PMCID: PMC5979938 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the key genes and the inflammatory signaling pathways involved in HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis (AAU) families. Four families with HLA-B27-positive AAU patients and their HLA-B27-positive blood relatives were included in the study. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from the subjects and stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Gene expression microarrays were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the DEGs were analyzed by a range of bioinformatics-based techniques, including Gene Ontology (GO), Pathway analysis, Signal-Net analysis and Gene Relation Network (Gene-Rel-Net). Finally, ELISA was used to quantify cytokines in the supernatant. The gene expression microarrays identified 801 DEGs, including 349 upregulated and 452 downregulated genes. The GO analysis revealed several important functions, including metabolic, immune and inflammatory responses. The pathway analysis highlighted the enhanced activity of Staphylococcus aureus infection, chemokine and metabolic signaling pathways, as well as cytokine-to-cytokine receptor interactions. A total of 18 DEGs that were found to play critical roles by Signal-Net and Gene-Rel-Net and verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were identified as key genes. In conclusion, monocytes from the AUU patients were more sensitive and exhibited a more prominent inflammatory response to stimulation by LPS compared with monocytes from healthy HLA-B27-positive blood relatives. These characterized DEGs may provide new evidence for the pathogenesis of AAU and help identify new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Cui Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Infection and Transport of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Neurons: Role of the Cytoskeleton. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020092. [PMID: 29473915 PMCID: PMC5850399 DOI: 10.3390/v10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neuroinvasive human pathogen that has the ability to infect and replicate within epithelial cells and neurons and establish a life-long latent infection in sensory neurons. HSV-1 depends on the host cellular cytoskeleton for entry, replication, and exit. Therefore, HSV-1 has adapted mechanisms to promote its survival by exploiting the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons to direct its active transport, infection, and spread between neurons and epithelial cells during primary and recurrent infections. This review will focus on the currently known mechanisms utilized by HSV-1 to harness the neuronal cytoskeleton, molecular motors, and the secretory and exocytic pathways for efficient virus entry, axonal transport, replication, assembly, and exit from the distinct functional compartments (cell body and axon) of the highly polarized sensory neurons.
Collapse
|
18
|
Song Y, Yan Z. Exploring of the molecular mechanism of rhinitis via bioinformatics methods. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3014-3020. [PMID: 29257233 PMCID: PMC5783521 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze gene expression profiles for exploring the function and regulatory network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pathogenesis of rhinitis by a bioinformatics method. The gene expression profile of GSE43523 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The dataset contained 7 seasonal allergic rhinitis samples and 5 non-allergic normal samples. DEGs between rhinitis samples and normal samples were identified via the limma package of R. The webGestal database was used to identify enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of the DEGs. The differentially co-expressed pairs of the DEGs were identified via the DCGL package in R, and the differential co-expression network was constructed based on these pairs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. A total of 263 DEGs were identified in rhinitis samples compared with normal samples, including 125 downregulated ones and 138 upregulated ones. The DEGs were enriched in 7 KEGG pathways. 308 differential co-expression gene pairs were obtained. A differential co-expression network was constructed, containing 212 nodes. In total, 148 PPI pairs of the DEGs were identified, and a PPI network was constructed based on these pairs. Bioinformatics methods could help us identify significant genes and pathways related to the pathogenesis of rhinitis. Steroid biosynthesis pathway and metabolic pathways might play important roles in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). Genes such as CDC42 effector protein 5, solute carrier family 39 member A11 and PR/SET domain 10 might be also associated with the pathogenesis of AR, which provided references for the molecular mechanisms of AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zubkova ES, Beloglazova IB, Makarevich PI, Boldyreva MA, Sukhareva OY, Shestakova MV, Dergilev KV, Parfyonova YV, Menshikov MY. Regulation of Adipose Tissue Stem Cells Angiogenic Potential by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:180-96. [PMID: 26096299 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration requires coordinated "teamwork" of growth factors, proteases, progenitor and immune cells producing inflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) might play a pivotal role by substituting cells or by secretion of growth factors or cytokines, and attraction of progenitor and inflammatory cells, which participate in initial stages of tissue repair. Due to obvious impact of inflammation on regeneration it seems promising to explore whether inflammatory factors could influence proangiogenic abilities of MSC. In this study we investigated effects of TNF-α on activity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). We found that treatment with TNF-α enhances ADSC proliferation, F-actin microfilament assembly, increases cell motility and migration through extracellular matrix. Exposure of ADSC to TNF-α led to increased mRNA expression of proangiogenic factors (FGF-2, VEGF, IL-8, and MCP-1), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), proteases (MMPs, uPA) and adhesion molecule ICAM-1. At the protein level, VEGF, IL-8, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 production was also up-regulated. Pre-incubation of ADSC with TNF-α-enhanced adhesion of monocytes to ADSC but suppressed adherence of ADSC to endothelial cells (HUVEC). Stimulation with TNF-α triggers ROS generation and activates a number of key intracellular signaling mediators known to positively regulate angiogenesis (Akt, small GTPase Rac1, ERK1/2, and p38 MAP-kinases). Pre-treatment with TNF-α-enhanced ADSC ability to promote growth of microvessels in a fibrin gel assay and accelerate blood flow recovery, which was accompanied by increased arteriole density and reduction of necrosis in mouse hind limb ischemia model. These findings indicate that TNF-α plays a role in activation of ADSC angiogenic and regenerative potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Zubkova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina B Beloglazova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel I Makarevich
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Boldyreva
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Marina V Shestakova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yelena V Parfyonova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Type I Interferon Counteracts Antiviral Effects of Statins in the Context of Gammaherpesvirus Infection. J Virol 2016; 90:3342-54. [PMID: 26739055 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02277-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The cholesterol synthesis pathway is a ubiquitous cellular biosynthetic pathway that is attenuated therapeutically by statins. Importantly, type I interferon (IFN), a major antiviral mediator, also depresses the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Here we demonstrate that attenuation of cholesterol synthesis decreases gammaherpesvirus replication in primary macrophages in vitro and reactivation from peritoneal exudate cells in vivo. Specifically, the reduced availability of the intermediates required for protein prenylation was responsible for decreased gammaherpesvirus replication in statin-treated primary macrophages. We also demonstrate that statin treatment of a chronically infected host attenuates gammaherpesvirus latency in a route-of-infection-specific manner. Unexpectedly, we found that the antiviral effects of statins are counteracted by type I IFN. Our studies suggest that type I IFN signaling counteracts the antiviral nature of the subdued cholesterol synthesis pathway and offer a novel insight into the utility of statins as antiviral agents. IMPORTANCE Statins are cholesterol synthesis inhibitors that are therapeutically administered to 12.5% of the U.S. POPULATION Statins attenuate the replication of diverse viruses in culture; however, this attenuation is not always obvious in an intact animal model. Further, it is not clear whether statins alter parameters of highly prevalent chronic herpesvirus infections. We show that statin treatment attenuated gammaherpesvirus replication in primary immune cells and during chronic infection of an intact host. Further, we demonstrate that type I interferon signaling counteracts the antiviral effects of statins. Considering the fact that type I interferon decreases the activity of the cholesterol synthesis pathway, it is intriguing to speculate that gammaherpesviruses have evolved to usurp the type I interferon pathway to compensate for the decreased cholesterol synthesis activity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wasil LR, Shair KHY. Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 induces focal adhesions and epithelial cell migration through effects on integrin-α5 and N-cadherin. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e171. [PMID: 26479443 PMCID: PMC4632092 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus associated with human epithelial and B-cell malignancies. The EBV latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 is expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and promotes oncogenic intracellular signaling mechanisms. LMP1 also promotes a pro-migratory phenotype through potential effects on cell surface proteins, as expression of LMP1 induces an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial cell lines. In this study, LMP1 was examined for potential effects on cadherin and integrin surface interactions, and assessed for biological effects on adhesion and motility to fibronectin. Expression of LMP1 in the non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line MCF10a induced an EMT-associated cadherin switch. The induced N-cadherin was ligated and localized to the cell surface as determined by triton-solubility and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, LMP1 induced the assembly of focal adhesions (FAs) with increased production of fibronectin in MCF10a and NP460hTERT-immortalized nasopharyngeal cells. Biochemical enrichment of fibronectin-associated proteins indicated that LMP1 selectively promoted the recruitment of integrin-α5 and Src family kinase proteins to FA complexes. Neutralizing antibodies to N-cadherin and integrin-α5, but not integrin-αV, blocked the adhesion and transwell motility of MCF10a cells to fibronectin induced by LMP1. LMP1-induced transwell motility was also decreased by Src inhibition with the PP2 kinase inhibitor and short hairpin RNAs. These studies reveal that LMP1 has multiple mechanisms to promote the adhesive and migratory properties of epithelial cells through induction of fibronectin and modulation of cell surface interactions involving integrin-α5 and N-cadherin, which may contribute to the metastatic potential of NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L R Wasil
- Cancer Virology Program, UPCI Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K H Y Shair
- Cancer Virology Program, UPCI Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dammann K, Khare V, Lang M, Claudel T, Harpain F, Granofszky N, Evstatiev R, Williams JM, Pritchard DM, Watson A, Gasche C. PAK1 modulates a PPARγ/NF-κB cascade in intestinal inflammation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:2349-60. [PMID: 26036343 PMCID: PMC4576212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are multifunctional effectors of Rho GTPases with both kinase and scaffolding activity. Here, we investigated the effects of inflammation on PAK1 signaling and its role in colitis-driven carcinogenesis. PAK1 and p-PAK1 (Thr423) were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. C57BL6/J wildtype mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal TNFα injection. Small intestinal organoids from these mice and from PAK1-KO mice were cultured with TNFα. NF-κB and PPARγ were analyzed upon PAK1 overexpression and silencing for transcriptional/translational regulation. PAK1 expression and activation was increased on the luminal intestinal epithelial surface in inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer. PAK1 was phosphorylated upon treatment with IFNγ, IL-1β, and TNFα. In vivo, mice administered with TNFα showed increased p-PAK1 in intestinal villi, which was associated with nuclear p65 and NF-κB activation. p65 nuclear translocation downstream of TNFα was strongly inhibited in PAK1-KO small intestinal organoids. PAK1 overexpression induced a PAK1-p65 interaction as visualized by co-immunoprecipitation, nuclear translocation, and increased NF-κB transactivation, all of which were impeded by kinase-dead PAK1. Moreover, PAK1 overexpression downregulated PPARγ and mesalamine recovered PPARγ through PAK1 inhibition. On the other hand PAK1 silencing inhibited NF-κB, which was recovered using BADGE, a PPARγ antagonist. Altogether these data demonstrate that PAK1 overexpression and activation in inflammation and colitis-associated cancer promote NF-κB activity via suppression of PPARγ in intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Dammann
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Lang
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Harpain
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Granofszky
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rayko Evstatiev
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Williams
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marcos-Ramiro B, García-Weber D, Millán J. TNF-induced endothelial barrier disruption: beyond actin and Rho. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:1088-102. [PMID: 25078148 DOI: 10.1160/th14-04-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The decrease of endothelial barrier function is central to the long-term inflammatory response. A pathological alteration of the ability of endothelial cells to modulate the passage of cells and solutes across the vessel underlies the development of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) mediates changes in the barrier properties of the endothelium. TNF activates different Rho GTPases, increases filamentous actin and remodels endothelial cell morphology. However, inhibition of actin-mediated remodelling is insufficient to prevent endothelial barrier disruption in response to TNF, suggesting that additional molecular mechanisms are involved. Here we discuss, first, the pivotal role of Rac-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulate the integrity of endothelial cell-cell junctions and, second, the ability of endothelial adhesion receptors such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1, involved in leukocyte transendothelial migration, to control endothelial permeability to small molecules, often through ROS generation. These adhesion receptors regulate endothelial barrier function in ways both dependent on and independent of their engagement by immune cells, and orchestrate the crosstalk between leukocyte transendothelial migration and endothelial permeability during inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Millán
- Jaime Millán, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 911964713, Fax: +34 911964420, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ito TK, Yokoyama M, Yoshida Y, Nojima A, Kassai H, Oishi K, Okada S, Kinoshita D, Kobayashi Y, Fruttiger M, Aiba A, Minamino T. A crucial role for CDC42 in senescence-associated inflammation and atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102186. [PMID: 25057989 PMCID: PMC4109913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for atherosclerosis accelerate the senescence of vascular endothelial cells and promote atherogenesis by inducing vascular inflammation. A hallmark of endothelial senescence is the persistent up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes. We identified CDC42 signaling as a mediator of chronic inflammation associated with endothelial senescence. Inhibition of CDC42 or NF-κB signaling attenuated the sustained up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes in senescent human endothelial cells. Endothelium-specific activation of the p53/p21 pathway, a key mediator of senescence, also resulted in up-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecules in mice, which was reversed by Cdc42 deletion in endothelial cells. Likewise, endothelial-specific deletion of Cdc42 significantly attenuated chronic inflammation and plaque formation in atherosclerotic mice. While inhibition of NF-κB suppressed the pro-inflammatory responses in acute inflammation, the influence of Cdc42 deletion was less marked. Knockdown of cdc-42 significantly down-regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression and restored the shortened lifespan to normal in mutant worms with enhanced inflammation. These findings indicate that the CDC42 pathway is critically involved in senescence-associated inflammation and could be a therapeutic target for chronic inflammation in patients with age-related diseases without compromising host defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi K. Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masataka Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aika Nojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kassai
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Oishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rho protein GTPases and their interactions with NFκB: crossroads of inflammation and matrix biology. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:BSR20140021. [PMID: 24877606 PMCID: PMC4069681 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The RhoGTPases, with RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac being major members, are a group of key ubiquitous proteins present in all eukaryotic organisms that subserve such important functions as cell migration, adhesion and differentiation. The NFκB (nuclear factor κB) is a family of constitutive and inducible transcription factors that through their diverse target genes, play a major role in processes such as cytokine expression, stress regulation, cell division and transformation. Research over the past decade has uncovered new molecular links between the RhoGTPases and the NFκB pathway, with the RhoGTPases playing a positive or negative regulatory role on NFκB activation depending on the context. The RhoA–NFκB interaction has been shown to be important in cytokine-activated NFκB processes, such as those induced by TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α). On the other hand, Rac is important for activating the NFκB response downstream of integrin activation, such as after phagocytosis. Specific residues of Rac1 are important for triggering NFκB activation, and mutations do obliterate this response. Other upstream triggers of the RhoGTPase–NFκB interactions include the suppressive p120 catenin, with implications for skin inflammation. The networks described here are not only important areas for further research, but are also significant for discovery of targets for translational medicine.
Collapse
|
26
|
Oxygen radicals elicit paralysis and collapse of spinal cord neuron growth cones upon exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:191767. [PMID: 25050325 PMCID: PMC4090484 DOI: 10.1155/2014/191767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A persistent inflammatory and oxidative stress is a hallmark of most chronic CNS pathologies (Alzheimer's (ALS)) as well as the aging CNS orchestrated by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Loss of the integrity and plasticity of neuronal morphology and connectivity comprises an early step in neuronal degeneration and ultimate decline of cognitive function. We examined in vitro whether TNFα or IL-1β impaired morphology and motility of growth cones in spinal cord neuron cultures. TNFα and IL-1β paralyzed growth cone motility and induced growth cone collapse in a dose-dependent manner reflected by complete attenuation of neurite outgrowth. Scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity rescued loss of neuronal motility and morphology. TNFα and IL-1β provoked rapid, NOX-mediated generation of ROS in advancing growth cones, which preceded paralysis of motility and collapse of morphology. Increases in ROS intermediates were accompanied by an aberrant, nonproductive reorganization of actin filaments. These findings suggest that NADPH oxidase serves as a pivotal source of oxidative stress in neurons and together with disruption of actin filament reorganization contributes to the progressive degeneration of neuronal morphology in the diseased or aging CNS.
Collapse
|
27
|
Van den Broeke C, Jacob T, Favoreel HW. Rho'ing in and out of cells: viral interactions with Rho GTPase signaling. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e28318. [PMID: 24691164 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.28318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are key regulators of actin and microtubule dynamics and organization. Increasing evidence shows that many viruses have evolved diverse interactions with Rho GTPase signaling and manipulate them for their own benefit. In this review, we discuss how Rho GTPase signaling interferes with many steps in the viral replication cycle, especially entry, replication, and spread. Seen the diversity between viruses, it is not surprising that there is considerable variability in viral interactions with Rho GTPase signaling. However, several largely common effects on Rho GTPases and actin architecture and microtubule dynamics have been reported. For some of these processes, the molecular signaling and biological consequences are well documented while for others we just begin to understand them. A better knowledge and identification of common threads in the different viral interactions with Rho GTPase signaling and their ultimate consequences for virus and host may pave the way toward the development of new antiviral drugs that may target different viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Van den Broeke
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thary Jacob
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman W Favoreel
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The binding of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) to cell surface receptors engages multiple signal transduction pathways, including three groups of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases: extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs); the cJun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs); and the p38 MAP kinases. These MAP kinase signalling pathways induce a secondary response by increasing the expression of several inflammatory cytokines (including TNFα) that contribute to the biological activity of TNFα. MAP kinases therefore function both upstream and down-stream of signalling by TNFα receptors. Here we review mechanisms that mediate these actions of MAP kinases during the response to TNFα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sabio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger J Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is a pivotal intracellular mediator of signaling pathways downstream of TNFR1 and -2 with known pro- and antiviral effects. We investigated its role in the replication of the prototype poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV). Loss of TRAF2 expression, either through small interfering RNA treatment of HeLa cells or through genetic knockout in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), led to significant reductions in VACV growth following low-multiplicity infection. In single-cycle infections, there was delayed production of both early and late VACV proteins as well as accelerated virus-induced alterations to cell morphology, indicating that TRAF2 influences early stages of virus replication. Consistent with an early role, uncoating assays showed normal virus attachment but delayed virus entry in the absence of TRAF2. Although alterations to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling were apparent in VACV-infected TRAF2−/− MEFs, treatment of wild-type cells with a JNK inhibitor did not affect virus entry. Instead, treatment with an inhibitor of endosomal acidification greatly reduced virus entry into TRAF2−/− MEFs, suggesting that VACV is reliant on the endosomal route of entry in the absence of TRAF2. Thus, TRAF2 is a proviral factor for VACV that plays a role in promoting efficient viral entry, most likely via the plasma membrane. IMPORTANCE Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are key facilitators of intracellular signaling with roles in innate and adaptive immunity and stress responses. We have discovered that TRAF2 is a proviral factor in vaccinia virus replication in both HeLa cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts and that its influence is exercised through promotion of efficient virus entry.
Collapse
|
30
|
cIAP1 regulates TNF-mediated cdc42 activation and filopodia formation. Oncogene 2013; 33:5534-45. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
31
|
Lettner T, Lang R, Klausegger A, Hainzl S, Bauer JW, Wally V. MMP-9 and CXCL8/IL-8 are potential therapeutic targets in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70123. [PMID: 23894602 PMCID: PMC3716611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa refers to a group of genodermatoses that affects the integrity of epithelial layers, phenotypically resulting in severe skin blistering. Dowling-Meara, the major subtype of epidermolysis bullosa simplex, is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and can be caused by mutations in either the keratin-5 (K5) or the keratin-14 (K14) gene. Currently, no therapeutic approach is known, and the main objective of this study was to identify novel therapeutic targets. We used microarray analysis, semi-quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and ELISA to identify differentially regulated genes in two K14 mutant cell lines carrying the mutations K14 R125P and K14 R125H, respectively. We found kallikrein-related peptidases and matrix metalloproteinases to be upregulated. We also found elevated expression of chemokines, and we observed deregulation of the Cdc42 pathway as well as aberrant expression of cytokeratins and junction proteins. We further demonstrated, that expression of these genes is dependent on interleukin-1 β signaling. To evaluate these data in vivo we analysed the blister fluids of epidermolysis bullosa simplex patients vs. healthy controls and identified matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the chemokine CXCL8/IL-8 as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lettner
- Division of Experimental Dermatology and EB House Austria, Salzburg, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Benedetti G, Fokkelman M, Yan K, Fredriksson L, Herpers B, Meerman J, van de Water B, de Graauw M. The nuclear factor κB family member RelB facilitates apoptosis of renal epithelial cells caused by cisplatin/tumor necrosis factor α synergy by suppressing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like phenotypic switch. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:128-38. [PMID: 23625948 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.084053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin)-induced renal proximal tubular apoptosis is known to be preceded by actin cytoskeleton reorganization, in conjunction with disruption of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. In the present study, we show that the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) aggravated these cisplatin-induced F-actin and cell adhesion changes, which was associated with enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis of immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells. TNF-α-induced RelB expression and lentiviral small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of RelB, but not other nuclear factor κB members, abrogated the synergistic apoptosis observed with cisplatin/TNF-α treatment to the level of cisplatin-induced apoptosis. This protective effect was associated with increased stress fiber formation, cell-matrix, and cell-cell adhesion in the shRNARelB (shRelB) cells during cisplatin/TNF-α treatment, mimicking an epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotypic switch. Indeed, gene array analysis revealed that knockdown of RelB was associated with upregulation of several actin regulatory genes, including Snai2 and the Rho GTPase proteins Rhophilin and Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (ARHGEF3). Pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase signaling re-established the synergistic apoptosis induced by combined cisplatin/TNF-α treatment of shRelB cells. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that RelB is required for the cisplatin/TNF-α-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and apoptosis in renal cells by controlling a Rho kinase-dependent signaling network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Benedetti
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Adhami K, Lee J, Levin L, Moquete R, Stohl LL, Ding W, Wong J, Schierl M, Zhou XK, Gordon JS, Perez E, Stock MB, Granstein RD. N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-l-cysteine suppresses chemokine production by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Exp Dermatol 2013; 21:700-5. [PMID: 22897577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenylcysteine (IPC) molecules modulate G-protein-coupled receptor signalling. The archetype of this class is N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-l-cysteine (AFC). Topical application of AFC locally inhibits skin inflammation and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity in vivo. However, the mechanism of these anti-inflammatory effects is not well understood. Dermal microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are involved in inflammation, in part, by secreting cytokines that recruit inflammatory cells. We have previously shown that the sympathetic nerve cotransmitter adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine-5'-O-(3-thio) triphosphate (ATPγS), an ATP analogue that is resistant to hydrolysis, increase secretion of the chemokines CXCL8 (interleukin-8), CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) and CXCL1 (growth-regulated oncogene α) by dermal microvascular ECs. Production of these chemokines can also be induced by the exposure to the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. We have now demonstrated that AFC dose-dependently inhibits ATP-, ATPγS- and TNFα-induced production of CXCL1, CXCL8 and CCL2 by a human dermal microvascular EC line (HMEC-1) in vitro under conditions that do not affect cell viability. Inhibition of ATPγS- or TNFα-stimulated release of these chemokines was associated with reduced mRNA levels. N-acetyl-S-geranyl-l-cysteine, an IPC analogue that is inactive in inhibiting G-protein-coupled signalling, had greatly reduced ability to suppress stimulated chemokine production. AFC may exert its anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of chemokine production by stimulated ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katayun Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Proebstl D, Voisin MB, Woodfin A, Whiteford J, D’Acquisto F, Jones GE, Rowe D, Nourshargh S. Pericytes support neutrophil subendothelial cell crawling and breaching of venular walls in vivo. J Exp Med 2012; 209:1219-34. [PMID: 22615129 PMCID: PMC3371725 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil transmigration through venular walls that are composed of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and the venular basement membrane is a key component of innate immunity. Through direct analysis of leukocyte-pericyte interactions in inflamed tissues using confocal intravital microscopy, we show how pericytes facilitate transmigration in vivo. After EC migration, neutrophils crawl along pericyte processes to gaps between adjacent pericytes in an ICAM-1-, Mac-1-, and LFA-1-dependent manner. These gaps were enlarged in inflamed tissues through pericyte shape change and were used as exit points by neutrophils in breaching the venular wall. The findings identify previously unknown roles for pericytes in neutrophil transmigration in vivo and add additional steps to the leukocyte adhesion cascade that supports leukocyte trafficking into sites of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Proebstl
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mathieu-Benoît Voisin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Abigail Woodfin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - James Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Fulvio D’Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gareth E. Jones
- Randall Division, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - David Rowe
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu HP, Chen CC, Wu CC, Huang YC, Liu SC, Liang Y, Chang KP, Chang YS. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 interacts with FGD4 to activate Cdc42 and thereby promote migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002690. [PMID: 22589722 PMCID: PMC3349753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a human malignancy notorious for its highly metastatic nature. Among EBV-encoded genes, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is expressed in most NPC tissues and exerts oncogenicity by engaging multiple signaling pathways in a ligand-independent manner. LMP1 expression also results in actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which modulates cell morphology and cell motility— cellular process regulated by RhoGTPases, such as Cdc42. Despite the prominent association of Cdc42 activation with tumorigenesis, the molecular basis of Cdc42 activation by LMP1 in NPC cells remains to be elucidated. Here using GST-CBD (active Cdc42-binding domain) as bait in GST pull-down assays to precipitate active Cdc42 from cell lysates, we demonstrated that LMP1 acts through its transmembrane domains to preferentially induce Cdc42 activation in various types of epithelial cells, including NPC cells. Using RNA interference combined with re-introduction experiments, we identified FGD4 (FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 4) as the GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) responsible for the activation of Cdc42 by LMP1. Serial deletion experiments and co-immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that ectopically expressed FGD4 modulated LMP1-mediated Cdc42 activation by interacting with LMP1. Moreover, LMP1, through its transmembrane domains, directly bound FGD4 and enhanced FGD4 activity toward Cdc42, leading to actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and increased motility of NPC cells. Depletion of FGD4 or Cdc42 significantly reduced (∼50%) the LMP1-stimulated cell motility, an effect that was partially reversed by expression of a constitutively active mutant of Cdc42. Finally, quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that FGD4 and LMP1 were expressed in NPC tissues, supporting the potential physiologically relevance of this mechanism in NPC. Collectively, our results not only uncover a novel mechanism underlying LMP1-mediated Cdc42 activation, namely LMP1 interaction with FGD4, but also functionally link FGD4 to NPC tumorigenesis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with human malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Among EBV-expressed genes, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) has been detected in most NPC tissues and has the ability to transform cell growth and drive cell migration, both of which are highly associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Previous reports have demonstrated that cell migration primarily involves cytoskeleton rearrangement, and the RhoGTPase Cdc42 is known to actively mediate such rearrangement processes. Using LMP1-expressing NPC cells, we discovered that LMP1 induces Cdc42 activation by directly binding to FGD4, a positive regulator of Cdc42, thereby promoting motility of NPC cells. The observed correlation between FGD4 and LMP1 expression in NPC tissues provides support of physiological relevance. Notably, FGD4 has recently been shown to be responsible for a type of inherited neural disease. Our findings not only provide a novel insight into EBV pathogenesis, but also suggest a role for FGD4 in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ping Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Huang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Novakofski KD, Torre CJ, Fortier LA. Interleukin-1α, -6, and -8 decrease Cdc42 activity resulting in loss of articular chondrocyte phenotype. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:246-51. [PMID: 21809384 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPase proteins mediate changes in cellular morphology and other cellular functions. The aim of this study was to examine signaling of the small GTPase Cdc42 by stimulating chondrocytes grown in monolayer with long- (96 h) or short- (2 and 30 min) term exposure to interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, or IL-8. Quantitative PCR was used to determine changes in collagen type IIB (COL2A1), aggrecan (AGG), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) gene expression after prolonged cytokine exposure. Effects of short-term treatment with IL-α, IL-6, or IL-8 on endogenous GTP-bound Cdc42 levels were assessed using an affinity assay, and on actin filament organization using confocal microscopy. Cytokine treatments significantly decreased COL2A1 and AGG expression and increased MMP-13 expression. Short exposure to IL-1α, IL-6, or IL-8 decreased endogenous GTP-Cdc42 and increased stress fibers, which were reversed with cytochalasin D treatment. These results show that IL-mediated Cdc42 signaling modifies chondrocyte phenotype and morphology. This may lend insight into the altered chondrocyte phenotype in catabolic conditions such as osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira D Novakofski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, VMC, Cornell University, C3-181, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ranzinger J, Rustom A, Abel M, Leyh J, Kihm L, Witkowski M, Scheurich P, Zeier M, Schwenger V. Nanotube action between human mesothelial cells reveals novel aspects of inflammatory responses. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29537. [PMID: 22216308 PMCID: PMC3246504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-known role of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), the resident cells of the peritoneal cavity, is the generation of an immune response during peritonitis by activation of T-cells via antigen presentation. Recent findings have shown that intercellular nanotubes (NTs) mediate functional connectivity between various cell types including immune cells - such as T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells or macrophages - by facilitating a spectrum of long range cell-cell interactions. Although of medical interest, the relevance of NT-related findings for human medical conditions and treatment, e.g. in relation to inflammatory processes, remains elusive, particularly due to a lack of appropriate in vivo data. Here, we show for the first time that primary cultures of patient derived HPMCs are functionally connected via membranous nanotubes. NT formation appears to be actin cytoskeleton dependent, mediated by the action of filopodia. Importantly, significant variances in NT numbers between different donors as a consequence of pathophysiological alterations were observable. Furthermore, we show that TNF-α induces nanotube formation and demonstrate a strong correlation of NT connectivity in accordance with the cellular cholesterol level and distribution, pointing to a complex involvement of NTs in inflammatory processes with potential impact for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ranzinger
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kant S, Swat W, Zhang S, Zhang ZY, Neel BG, Flavell RA, Davis RJ. TNF-stimulated MAP kinase activation mediated by a Rho family GTPase signaling pathway. Genes Dev 2011; 25:2069-78. [PMID: 21979919 DOI: 10.1101/gad.17224711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The biological response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) involves activation of MAP kinases. Here we report a mechanism of MAP kinase activation by TNF that is mediated by the Rho GTPase family members Rac/Cdc42. This signaling pathway requires Src-dependent activation of the guanosine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, activation of Rac/Cdc42, and the engagement of the Rac/Cdc42 interaction site (CRIB motif) on mixed-lineage protein kinases (MLKs). We show that this pathway is essential for full MAP kinase activation during the response to TNF. Moreover, this MLK pathway contributes to inflammation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hampson IN, Oliver AW, Hampson L. Targeting activated Rho proteins: a new approach for treatment of HPV and other virus-related cancers? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:973-6. [DOI: 10.1586/era.11.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Sridharan S, Jain K, Basu A. Regulation of autophagy by kinases. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:2630-54. [PMID: 24212825 PMCID: PMC3757434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3022630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of self-degradation that maintains cellular viability during periods of metabolic stress. Although autophagy is considered a survival mechanism when faced with cellular stress, extensive autophagy can also lead to cell death. Aberrations in autophagy are associated with several diseases, including cancer. Therapeutic exploitation of this process requires a clear understanding of its regulation. Although the core molecular components involved in the execution of autophagy are well studied there is limited information on how cellular signaling pathways, particularly kinases, regulate this complex process. Protein kinases are integral to the autophagy process. Atg1, the first autophagy-related protein identified, is a serine/threonine kinase and it is regulated by another serine/threonine kinase mTOR. Emerging studies suggest the participation of many different kinases in regulating various components/steps of this catabolic process. This review focuses on the regulation of autophagy by several kinases with particular emphasis on serine/threonine protein kinases such as mTOR, AMP-activated protein kinase, Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK, p38 and JNK) and protein kinase C that are often deregulated in cancer and are important therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savitha Sridharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center and Institute for Cancer Research, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kakiashvili E, Dan Q, Vandermeer M, Zhang Y, Waheed F, Pham M, Szászi K. The epidermal growth factor receptor mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activation of the ERK/GEF-H1/RhoA pathway in tubular epithelium. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9268-79. [PMID: 21212278 PMCID: PMC3059019 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.179903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induces cytoskeleton and intercellular junction remodeling in tubular epithelial cells; the underlying mechanisms, however, are incompletely explored. We have previously shown that ERK-mediated stimulation of the RhoA GDP/GTP exchange factor GEF-H1/Lfc is critical for TNF-α-induced RhoA stimulation. Here we investigated the upstream mechanisms of ERK/GEF-H1 activation. Surprisingly, TNF-α-induced ERK and RhoA stimulation in tubular cells were prevented by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition or silencing. TNF-α also enhanced phosphorylation of the EGFR. EGF treatment mimicked the effects of TNF-α, as it elicited potent, ERK-dependent GEF-H1 and RhoA activation. Moreover, EGF-induced RhoA activation was prevented by GEF-H1 silencing, indicating that GEF-H1 is a key downstream effector of the EGFR. The TNF-α-elicited EGFR, ERK, and RhoA stimulation were mediated by the TNF-α convertase enzyme (TACE) that can release EGFR ligands. Further, EGFR transactivation also required the tyrosine kinase Src, as Src inhibition prevented TNF-α-induced activation of the EGFR/ERK/GEF-H1/RhoA pathway. Importantly, a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and electric cell substrate impedance-sensing (ECIS) measurements revealed that TNF-α stimulated cell growth in an EGFR-dependent manner. In contrast, TNF-α-induced NFκB activation was not prevented by EGFR or Src inhibition, suggesting that TNF-α exerts both EGFR-dependent and -independent effects. In summary, in the present study we show that the TNF-α-induced activation of the ERK/GEF-H1/RhoA pathway in tubular cells is mediated through Src- and TACE-dependent EGFR activation. Such a mechanism could couple inflammatory and proliferative stimuli and, thus, may play a key role in the regulation of wound healing and fibrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Kakiashvili
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Qinghong Dan
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Matthew Vandermeer
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Faiza Waheed
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Monica Pham
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Morris MA, Dawson CW, Young LS. Role of the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1, LMP1, in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Future Oncol 2010; 5:811-25. [PMID: 19663731 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although frequently expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive malignancies, the contribution of the oncogenic latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) to the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains to be fully defined. As a key effector in EBV-driven B-cell transformation in vitro, LMP1 also displays oncogenic properties in rodent fibroblasts, and exhibits similar effects in epithelial cells. LMP1 functions as a viral mimic of the TNFR family member, CD40, engaging a plethora of signaling pathways including: NF-kappaB, JNK/p38 (SAPK), PI3-kinase and ERK-MPK. The constitutive activation of these pathways appears central in the ability of LMP1 to induce multiple morphological and phenotypic alterations. Here we review the effects of LMP1 on epithelial cell growth transformation, and its putative role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, focusing on key areas of proliferation, survival, cell motility and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi A Morris
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wiemer AJ, Lokuta MA, Surfus JC, Wernimont SA, Huttenlocher A. Calpain inhibition impairs TNF-alpha-mediated neutrophil adhesion, arrest and oxidative burst. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:894-902. [PMID: 19889458 PMCID: PMC2814964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), are increased in many chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, and contribute to recruitment of neutrophils into areas of inflammation. TNF-alpha induces a stop signal that promotes neutrophil firm adhesion and inhibits neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis. Calpain is a calcium-dependent protease that mediates cytoskeletal reorganization during cell migration. Here, we show that calpain inhibition impairs TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil firm adhesion to fibrinogen-coated surfaces and the formation of vinculin-containing focal complexes. Calpain inhibition induces random migration in TNF-alpha-stimulated cells and prevents the generation of reactive oxygen species, but does not alter TNF-alpha-mediated activation of p38 MAPK and ERK MAPK. These findings suggest that the TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil arrest requires the activity of calpain independent of p38 MAPK and ERK signaling seen after TNF-alpha stimulation. Together, our data suggest that therapeutic inhibition of calpain may be beneficial for limiting TNF-alpha-induced inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Wiemer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Jill C. Surfus
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah A. Wernimont
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ghosh S, Tewari R, Dixit D, Sen E. TNFα induced oxidative stress dependent Akt signaling affects actin cytoskeletal organization in glioma cells. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
45
|
Oh MJ, Akhtar J, Desai P, Shukla D. A role for heparan sulfate in viral surfing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:176-81. [PMID: 19909728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) moieties on cell surfaces are known to provide attachment sites for many viruses including herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). Here, we demonstrate that cells respond to HSV-1 infection by enhancing filopodia formation. Filopodia express HS and are subsequently utilized for the transport of HSV-1 virions to cell bodies in a surfing-like phenomenon, which is facilitated by the underlying actin cytoskeleton and is regulated by transient activation of a small Rho GTPase, Cdc42. We also demonstrate that interaction between a highly conserved herpesvirus envelope glycoprotein B (gB) and HS is required for surfing. A HSV-1 mutant that lacks gB fails to surf and quantum dots conjugated with gB demonstrate surfing-like movements. Our data demonstrates a novel use of a common receptor, HS, which could also be exploited by multiple viruses and quite possibly, many additional ligands for transport along the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mathew SJ, Haubert D, Krönke M, Leptin M. Looking beyond death: a morphogenetic role for the TNF signalling pathway. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:1939-46. [PMID: 19494121 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.044487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a pro-inflammatory mediator with the capacity to induce apoptosis. An integral part of its apoptotic and inflammatory programmes is the control of cell shape through modulation of the cytoskeleton, but it is now becoming apparent that this morphogenetic function of TNF signalling is also employed outside inflammatory responses and is shared by the signalling pathways of other members of the TNF-receptor superfamily. Some proteins that are homologous to the components of the TNF signalling pathway, such as the adaptor TNF-receptor-associated factor 4 and the ectodysplasin A receptor (and its ligand and adaptors), have dedicated morphogenetic roles. The mechanism by which TNF signalling affects cell shape is not yet fully understood, but Rho-family GTPases have a central role. The fact that the components of the TNF signalling pathway are evolutionarily old suggests that an ancestral cassette from unicellular organisms has diversified its functions into partly overlapping morphogenetic, inflammatory and apoptotic roles in multicellular higher organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Mathew
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47, D-50674 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Is hematopoietic stem cell homing deficient in Fanconi anemia? Blood 2009; 113:5361; author reply 5362. [PMID: 19470437 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-192724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
48
|
Barth BM, Stewart-Smeets S, Kuhn TB. Proinflammatory cytokines provoke oxidative damage to actin in neuronal cells mediated by Rac1 and NADPH oxidase. Mol Cell Neurosci 2009; 41:274-85. [PMID: 19344766 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and Il-1beta orchestrate the progression of CNS inflammation, which substantially contributes to neurodegeneration in many CNS pathologies. TNFalpha and Il-1beta stimulate actin filament reorganization in non-neuronal cells often accompanied by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Actin filament dynamics is vital for cellular plasticity, mitochondrial function, and gene expression despite being highly susceptible to oxidative damage. We demonstrated that, in neuronal cells, TNFalpha and Il-1beta stimulate a transient, redox-dependent reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into lamellipodia under the regulation of Rac1 and a neuronal NADPH oxidase as the source of ROS. The persistent presence of intracellular ROS provoked oxidative damage (carbonylation) to actin coinciding with the loss of lamellipodia and arrest of cellular plasticity. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity or Rac1 abolished the adverse effects of cytokines. These findings suggest that oxidative damage to the neuronal actin cytoskeleton could represent a key step in CNS neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Barth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, REIC 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ihnatovych I, Livak M, Reed J, de Lanerolle P, Strakova Z. Manipulating actin dynamics affects human in vitro decidualization. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:222-30. [PMID: 19339710 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.074666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of uterine stromal fibroblasts into decidual cells is critical for establishing pregnancy. This process, called decidualization, requires the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which mainly depends on actin dynamics and the phosphorylation status of the myosin light chain. We manipulated actin dynamics with jasplakinolide (100 nM) and latrunculin B (1 microM), both of which significantly inhibited the synthesis of decidualization markers induced by 6 days of treatment with embryo-mimicking stimulus interleukin 1beta (IL1B) and steroid hormones (SHs; 17beta-estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate) in the human uterine fibroblast (HuF) in vitro model. However, only jasplakinolide had long-lasting effects on the G-actin:F-actin ratio and prevented decidualization induced by the artificial stimulus cAMP (and SHs). Actin-binding protein cofilin mainly colocalized with G-actin in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm. Only some spots of colocalization between cofilin and F-actin were detected in the cytoplasm. Brief extraction of cytosolic proteins from living cells revealed that in cells treated with IL1B or cAMP (and SHs) for 6 days, cofilin was mainly detected in the nucleus. The translocation of cofilin from cytosol to nucleus was also detected in HuFs treated for 12 days with SHs, IL1B and SHs, and cAMP and SHs. The same significant translocation was confirmed in primary baboon stromal uterine fibroblasts. We conclude that changes in actin dynamics, particularly the stabilization of F-actin, have a significant negative impact on decidualization, and the translocation of cofilin to the nucleus is a key feature of this process in the primate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Ihnatovych
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7313, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Novakofski K, Boehm A, Fortier L. The small GTPase Rho mediates articular chondrocyte phenotype and morphology in response to interleukin-1alpha and insulin-like growth factor-I. J Orthop Res 2009; 27:58-64. [PMID: 18634065 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPases regulate the cytoskeleton and numerous other cellular functions. In this study, the role of Rho GTPase was examined in articular chondrocytes. Chondrocytes grown in monolayer were treated with interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), C3 Transferase, Y27632, or transfected with Rho wild type or two constitutively active mutants of Rho (Q63L and G14V). Quantitative PCR was used to determine changes in matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), collagen types IIB (COL2A1) and type I (COL1A1), aggrecan (AGG), and SOX-9 gene expression. Affinity assays were performed to measure endogenous GTP-bound Rho, and confocal microscopy was used to assess changes in organization of the actin cytoskeleton. IL-1alpha and RhoG14V increased cytoplasmic actin stress fiber formation, which was blocked by C3 Transferase, and Y27632. IL-1alpha treatment also increased Rho activity. Conversely, IGF-I lead to formation of a cortical rim of actin and decreased Rho activity. Inhibition of Rho signaling with C3 Transferase significantly decreased Rho activity and returned IL-1alpha-induced Rho activity to a level not different from control. C3 Transferase treatment also increased mRNA expression of AGG, COL2A1, and SOX-9, and decreased expression of MMP-13. Expression of RhoQ63L or RhoG14V resulted in increased MMP-13 expression; however, inhibition of Rho with Y27632 was unable to inhibit IL-1alpha-induced MMP-13 expression. Together, these results indicate a role for increased Rho activity in mediation of chondrocyte catabolic signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira Novakofski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|