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Li M, Zhang L, Zhou P, Zhang Z, Yu R, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Guo H, Pan L, Xiao S, Liu X. Porcine deltacoronavirus nucleocapsid protein interacts with the Grb2 through its proline-rich motifs to induce activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK signal pathway and promote virus replication. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 39136113 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes severe watery diarrhoea, dehydration and high mortality in piglets, which has the potential for cross-species transmission in recent years. Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) is a bridging protein that can couple cell surface receptors with intracellular signal transduction events. Here, we investigated the reciprocal regulation between Grb2 and PDCoV. It is found that Grb2 regulates PDCoV infection and promotes IFN-β production through activating Raf/MEK/ERK/STAT3 pathway signalling in PDCoV-infected swine testis cells to suppress viral replication. PDCoV N is capable of interacting with Grb2. The proline-rich motifs in the N- or C-terminal region of PDCoV N were critical for the interaction between PDCoV-N and Grb2. Except for Deltacoronavirus PDCoV N, the Alphacoronavirus PEDV N protein could interact with Grb2 and affect the regulation of PEDV replication, while the N protein of Betacoronavirus PHEV and Gammacoronavirus AIBV could not interact with Grb2. PDCoV N promotes Grb2 degradation by K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Overexpression of PDCoV N impaired the Grb2-mediated activated effect on the Raf/MEK/ERK/STAT3 signal pathway. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism of how host protein Grb2 protein regulates viral replication and how PDCoV N escaped natural immunity by interacting with Grb2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhongwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Ruiming Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
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2
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Wang D, Liu G, Meng Y, Chen H, Ye Z, Jing J. The Configuration of GRB2 in Protein Interaction and Signal Transduction. Biomolecules 2024; 14:259. [PMID: 38540680 PMCID: PMC10968029 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth-factor-receptor-binding protein 2 (GRB2) is a non-enzymatic adaptor protein that plays a pivotal role in precisely regulated signaling cascades from cell surface receptors to cellular responses, including signaling transduction and gene expression. GRB2 binds to numerous target molecules, thereby modulating a complex cell signaling network with diverse functions. The structural characteristics of GRB2 are essential for its functionality, as its multiple domains and interaction mechanisms underpin its role in cellular biology. The typical signaling pathway involving GRB2 is initiated by the ligand stimulation to its receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The activation of RTKs leads to the recruitment of GRB2 through its SH2 domain to the phosphorylated tyrosine residues on the receptor. GRB2, in turn, binds to the Son of Sevenless (SOS) protein through its SH3 domain. This binding facilitates the activation of Ras, a small GTPase, which triggers a cascade of downstream signaling events, ultimately leading to cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Further research and exploration into the structure and function of GRB2 hold great potential for providing novel insights and strategies to enhance medical approaches for related diseases. In this review, we provide an outline of the proteins that engage with domains of GRB2, along with the function of different GRB2 domains in governing cellular signaling pathways. This furnishes essential points of current studies for the forthcoming advancement of therapeutic medications aimed at GRB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Guoxia Liu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 200072, China
| | - Yuxin Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Hongjie Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Zu Ye
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ji Jing
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Hangzhou 310022, China
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3
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Zheng LW, Liu CC, Yu KD. Phase separations in oncogenesis, tumor progressions and metastasis: a glance from hallmarks of cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:123. [PMID: 38110976 PMCID: PMC10726551 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a novel principle for interpreting precise spatiotemporal coordination in living cells through biomolecular condensate (BMC) formation via dynamic aggregation. LLPS changes individual molecules into membrane-free, droplet-like BMCs with specific functions, which coordinate various cellular activities. The formation and regulation of LLPS are closely associated with oncogenesis, tumor progressions and metastasis, the specific roles and mechanisms of LLPS in tumors still need to be further investigated at present. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the conditions of LLPS and identify mechanisms involved in abnormal LLPS in cancer processes, including tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis from the perspective of cancer hallmarks. We have also reviewed the clinical applications of LLPS in oncologic areas. This systematic summary of dysregulated LLPS from the different dimensions of cancer hallmarks will build a bridge for determining its specific functions to further guide basic research, finding strategies to intervene in LLPS, and developing relevant therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Wei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cui-Cui Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke-Da Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Du L, Xu Y, Han B, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Shao M, Yu Z. EGFR-targeting peptide conjugated polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles for delivery of salinomycin to osteosarcoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1544-1551. [PMID: 38156920 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2503_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salinomycin (SAL) is a chemotherapeutic drug with anti-osteosarcoma efficacy, but its hydrophobic properties have hindered its application. Nanoparticles have been widely used as drug carriers to improve the solubility of hydrophobic drugs. The dodecapeptide GE11 has been shown to have great binding affinity to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is highly overexpressed in osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed novel SAL-loaded GE11-conjugated polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (GE11-NPs-SAL) to target osteosarcoma. The characterization and antitumor activity of GE11-NPs-SAL were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The results showed that GE11-NPs-SAL had a size of ~100 nm with a high encapsulation efficacy of ~80%. Compared with the non-targeted nanoparticles, GE11-NPs-SAL showed increased internalization in osteosarcoma cells and improved therapeutic efficacy in osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS GE11-NPs-SAL is a promising treatment for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binxu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuochong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kieser QJ, Granoski MJ, McClelland RD, Griffiths C, Bilawchuk LM, Stojic A, Elawar F, Jamieson K, Proud D, Marchant DJ. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling disrupts physical barriers to infection and presents entry receptors to respiratory syncytial virus. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001923. [PMID: 38015055 PMCID: PMC10768689 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RSV is the leading cause of infant hospitalizations and a significant cause of paediatric and geriatric morbidity worldwide. Recently, we reported that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was a receptor for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in airway epithelial cells and that activation of IGF1R recruited the coreceptor, nucleolin (NCL), to the cell surface. Cilia and mucus that line the airways pose a significant barrier to viral and bacterial infection. The cortical actin cytoskeleton has been shown by others to mediate RSV entry, so we studied the roles of the RSV receptors and actin remodelling during virus entry. We found that IGF1R expression and phosphorylation were associated with the ability of RSV to infect cells. Confocal immunofluorescence imaging showed that actin projections, a hallmark of macropinocytosis, formed around viral particles 30 min after infection. Consistent with prior reports we also found that virus particles were internalized into early endosome antigen-1 positive endosomes within 90 min. Inhibiting actin polymerization significantly reduced viral titre by approximately ten-fold. Inhibiting PI3 kinase and PKCζ in stratified air-liquid interface (ALI) models of the airway epithelium had similar effects on reducing the actin remodelling observed during infection and attenuating viral entry. Actin projections were associated with NCL interacting with RSV particles resting on apical cilia of the ALIs. We conclude that macropinocytosis-like actin projections protrude through normally protective cilia and mucus layers of stratified airway epithelium that helps present the IGF1R receptor and the NCL coreceptor to RSV particles waiting at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinten J. Kieser
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Madison J. Granoski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Ryley D. McClelland
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Cameron Griffiths
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908,, USA
| | - Leanne M. Bilawchuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stojic
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Farah Elawar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Kyla Jamieson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - David Proud
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - David J. Marchant
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G-2E1, Canada
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Tang Y, Yang K, Liu Q, Ma Y, Zhu H, Tang K, Geng C, Xie J, Zhuo D, Wu W, Jin L, Xiao W, Wang J, Zhu Q, Liu J. Preosteoclast plays a pathogenic role in syndesmophyte formation of ankylosing spondylitis through the secreted PDGFB - GRB2/ERK/RUNX2 pathway. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:194. [PMID: 37798786 PMCID: PMC10552372 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the sacroiliac joint and spine. However, the real mechanisms of immune cells acting on syndesmophyte formation in AS are not well identified. We aimed to find the key AS-associated cytokine and assess its pathogenic role in AS. METHODS A protein array with 1000 cytokines was performed in five AS patients with the first diagnosis and five age- and gender-matched healthy controls to discover the differentially expressed cytokines. The candidate differentially expressed cytokines were further quantified by multiplex protein quantitation (3 AS-associated cytokines and 3 PDGF-pathway cytokines) and ELISA (PDGFB) in independent samples (a total of 140 AS patients vs 140 healthy controls). The effects of PDGFB, the candidate cytokine, were examined by using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and human fetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB1.19) as in vitro mesenchymal cell and preosteoblast models, respectively. Furthermore, whole-transcriptome sequencing and enrichment of phosphorylated peptides were performed by using cell models to explore the underlying mechanisms of PDGFB. The xCELLigence system was applied to examine the proliferation, chemotaxis, and migration abilities of PDGFB-stimulated or PDGFB-unstimulated cells. RESULTS The PDGF pathway was observed to have abnormal expression in the protein array, and PDGFB expression was further found to be up-regulated in 140 Chinese AS patients. Importantly, PDGFB expression was significantly correlated with BASFI (Pearson coefficient/p value = 0.62/6.70E - 8) and with the variance of the mSASSS score (mSASSS 2 years - baseline, Pearson coefficient/p value = 0.76/8.75E - 10). In AS patients, preosteoclasts secreted more PDGFB than the healthy controls (p value = 1.16E - 2), which could promote ADSCs osteogenesis and enhance collagen synthesis (COLI and COLIII) of osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19). In addition, PDGFB promoted the proliferation, chemotaxis, and migration of ADSCs. Mechanismly, in ADSCs, PDGFB stimulated ERK phosphorylation by upregulating GRB2 expression and then increased the expression of RUNX2 to promote osteoblastogenesis of ADSCs. CONCLUSION PDGFB stimulates the GRB2/ERK/RUNX2 pathway in ADSCs, promotes osteoblastogenesis of ADSCs, and enhances the extracellular matrix of osteoblasts, which may contribute to pathological bone formation in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, and Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, and Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Stem Cell Base, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunhai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, and Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchun Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, and Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangnan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, and Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dachun Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, and Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, and Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenze Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, and Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Zhu
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, and Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Morisse M, Bourhis T, Lévêque R, Guilbert M, Cicero J, Palma M, Chevalier D, le Bourhis X, Toillon RA, Mouawad F. Influence of EGF and pro-NGF on EGFR/SORTILIN interaction and clinical impact in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:661775. [PMID: 37576898 PMCID: PMC10416107 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.661775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a cancer with a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is almost always overexpressed, targeted anti-EGFR therapies have modest efficacy and are mainly used in palliative care. Growth factors such as Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and its precursor proNGF have been shown in our laboratory to play a role in tumor growth and aggressiveness. Interestingly, an interaction between Sortilin, a proNGF receptor, and EGFR has been observed. This interaction appears to interfere with the pro-oncogenic signaling of EGF and modulate the membrane expression of EGFR. The aim of this study was to characterize this interaction biologically, to assess its impact on clinical prognosis and to analyze its role in the cellular trafficking of EGFR. Using immunohistochemical staining on tumor sections from patients treated at our university center and PLA (Proximity Ligation Assay) labeling, we showed that Sortilin expression is significantly associated with reduced 5-year survival. However, when Sortilin was associated with EGFR, this association was not found. Using the Cal-27 and Cal-33 cancer cell lines, we observed that proNGF reduces the effects of EGF on cell growth by inducing the internalization of its receptor. These results therefore suggest a regulatory role for Sortilin in the degradation or renewal of EGFR on the membrane. It would be interesting in future work to show the intracellular fate of EGFR and the role of (pro)neurotrophins in these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Morisse
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center (CHU) de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Bourhis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center (CHU) de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Romain Lévêque
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Guilbert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Julien Cicero
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Martine Palma
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Chevalier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center (CHU) de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Xuefen le Bourhis
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Francois Mouawad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center (CHU) de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, University Hospital Center (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
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8
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Pance K, Gramespacher JA, Byrnes JR, Salangsang F, Serrano JAC, Cotton AD, Steri V, Wells JA. Modular cytokine receptor-targeting chimeras for targeted degradation of cell surface and extracellular proteins. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:273-281. [PMID: 36138170 PMCID: PMC9931583 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted degradation of cell surface and extracellular proteins via lysosomal delivery is an important means to modulate extracellular biology. However, these approaches have limitations due to lack of modularity, ease of development, restricted tissue targeting and applicability to both cell surface and extracellular proteins. We describe a lysosomal degradation strategy, termed cytokine receptor-targeting chimeras (KineTACs), that addresses these limitations. KineTACs are fully genetically encoded bispecific antibodies consisting of a cytokine arm, which binds its cognate cytokine receptor, and a target-binding arm for the protein of interest. We show that KineTACs containing the cytokine CXCL12 can use the decoy recycling receptor, CXCR7, to target a variety of target proteins to the lysosome for degradation. Additional KineTACs were designed to harness other CXCR7-targeting cytokines, CXCL11 and vMIPII, and the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor-targeting cytokine IL-2. Thus, KineTACs represent a general, modular, selective and simple genetically encoded strategy for inducing lysosomal delivery of extracellular and cell surface targets with broad or tissue-specific distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Pance
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,EpiBiologics, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Josef A Gramespacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,EpiBiologics, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - James R Byrnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Salangsang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Preclinical Therapeutics Core, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan-Antonio C Serrano
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Preclinical Therapeutics Core, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam D Cotton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Steri
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Preclinical Therapeutics Core, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Nussinov R, Zhang M, Maloney R, Tsai C, Yavuz BR, Tuncbag N, Jang H. Mechanism of activation and the rewired network: New drug design concepts. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:770-799. [PMID: 34693559 PMCID: PMC8837674 DOI: 10.1002/med.21863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Precision oncology benefits from effective early phase drug discovery decisions. Recently, drugging inactive protein conformations has shown impressive successes, raising the cardinal questions of which targets can profit and what are the principles of the active/inactive protein pharmacology. Cancer driver mutations have been established to mimic the protein activation mechanism. We suggest that the decision whether to target an inactive (or active) conformation should largely rest on the protein mechanism of activation. We next discuss the recent identification of double (multiple) same-allele driver mutations and their impact on cell proliferation and suggest that like single driver mutations, double drivers also mimic the mechanism of activation. We further suggest that the structural perturbations of double (multiple) in cis mutations may reveal new surfaces/pockets for drug design. Finally, we underscore the preeminent role of the cellular network which is deregulated in cancer. Our structure-based review and outlook updates the traditional Mechanism of Action, informs decisions, and calls attention to the intrinsic activation mechanism of the target protein and the rewired tumor-specific network, ushering innovative considerations in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Ryan Maloney
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Chung‐Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Bengi Ruken Yavuz
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of InformaticsMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of InformaticsMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkaraTurkey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of EngineeringKoc UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, School of MedicineKoc UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
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10
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Li X, Zuo Z, Wang Y, Hegemann JH, He C. Polymorphic Membrane Protein 17G of Chlamydia psittaci Mediated the Binding and Invasion of Bacteria to Host Cells by Interacting and Activating EGFR of the Host. Front Immunol 2022; 12:818487. [PMID: 35173712 PMCID: PMC8841347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.818487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) is an obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacterium, and mainly causes systemic disease in psittacine birds, domestic poultry, and wild fowl. The pathogen is threating to human beings due to closely contacted to employees in poultry industry. The polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmps) enriched in C. psittaci includes six subtypes (A, B/C, D, E/F, G/I and H). Compared to that of the 1 pmpG gene in Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), the diverse pmpG gene-coding proteins of C. psittaci remain elusive. In the present study, polymorphic membrane protein 17G (Pmp17G) of C. psittaci mediated adhesion to different host cells. More importantly, expression of Pmp17G in C. trachomatis upregulated infections to host cells. Afterwards, crosstalk between Pmp17G and EGFR was screened and identified by MALDI-MS and Co-IP. Subsequently, EGFR overexpression in CHO-K1 cells and EGFR knockout in HeLa 229 cells were assessed to determine whether Pmp17G directly correlated with EGFR during Chlamydial adhesion. Finally, the EGFR phosphorylation was recognized by Grb2, triggering chlamydial invasion. Based on above evidence, Pmp17G possesses adhesive property that serves as an adhesin and activate intracellular bacterial internalization by recognizing EGFR during C. psittaci infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zonghui Zuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biology, Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yihui Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Johannes H. Hegemann
- Department of Biology, Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cheng He
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng He,
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11
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Hager R, Müller U, Ollinger N, Weghuber J, Lanzerstorfer P. Subcellular Dynamic Immunopatterning of Cytosolic Protein Complexes on Microstructured Polymer Substrates. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4076-4088. [PMID: 34652152 PMCID: PMC8630788 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Analysis of protein–protein
interactions in living cells
by protein micropatterning is currently limited to the spatial arrangement
of transmembrane proteins and their corresponding downstream molecules.
Here, we present a robust and straightforward method for dynamic immunopatterning
of cytosolic protein complexes by use of an artificial transmembrane
bait construct in combination with microstructured antibody arrays
on cyclic olefin polymer substrates. As a proof, the method was used
to characterize Grb2-mediated signaling pathways downstream of the
epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Ternary protein complexes
(Shc1:Grb2:SOS1 and Grb2:Gab1:PI3K) were identified, and we found
that EGFR downstream signaling is based on constitutively bound (Grb2:SOS1
and Grb2:Gab1) as well as on agonist-dependent protein associations
with transient interaction properties (Grb2:Shc1 and Grb2:PI3K). Spatiotemporal
analysis further revealed significant differences in stability and
exchange kinetics of protein interactions. Furthermore, we could show
that this approach is well suited to study the efficacy and specificity
of SH2 and SH3 protein domain inhibitors in a live cell context. Altogether,
this method represents a significant enhancement of quantitative subcellular
micropatterning approaches as an alternative to standard biochemical
analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hager
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Engineering, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Ulrike Müller
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Engineering, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Nicole Ollinger
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, Head Office: FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Engineering, 4600 Wels, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, Head Office: FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Engineering, 4600 Wels, Austria
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12
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Ye Z, Xu S, Shi Y, Bacolla A, Syed A, Moiani D, Tsai CL, Shen Q, Peng G, Leonard PG, Jones DE, Wang B, Tainer JA, Ahmed Z. GRB2 enforces homology-directed repair initiation by MRE11. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/32/eabe9254. [PMID: 34348893 PMCID: PMC8336959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is initiated by MRE11 nuclease for both homology-directed repair (HDR) and alternative end joining (Alt-EJ). Here, we found that GRB2, crucial to timely proliferative RAS/MAPK pathway activation, unexpectedly forms a biophysically validated GRB2-MRE11 (GM) complex for efficient HDR initiation. GRB2-SH2 domain targets the GM complex to phosphorylated H2AX at DSBs. GRB2 K109 ubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligase RBBP6 releases MRE11 promoting HDR. RBBP6 depletion results in prolonged GM complex and HDR defects. GRB2 knockout increased MRE11-XRCC1 complex and Alt-EJ. Reconstitution with separation-of-function GRB2 mutant caused HDR deficiency and synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitor. Cell and cancer genome analyses suggest biomarkers of low GRB2 for noncanonical HDR deficiency and high MRE11 and GRB2 expression for worse survival in HDR-proficient patients. These findings establish GRB2's role in binding, targeting, and releasing MRE11 to promote efficient HDR over Alt-EJ DSB repair, with implications for genome stability and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Ye
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shengfeng Xu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aleem Syed
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Davide Moiani
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chi-Lin Tsai
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiang Shen
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul G Leonard
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Darin E Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Zamal Ahmed
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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13
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Cai D, Liu Z, Lippincott-Schwartz J. Biomolecular Condensates and Their Links to Cancer Progression. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:535-549. [PMID: 33579564 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged in recent years as an important physicochemical process for organizing diverse processes within cells via the formation of membraneless organelles termed biomolecular condensates. Emerging evidence now suggests that the formation and regulation of biomolecular condensates are also intricately linked to cancer formation and progression. We review the most recent literature linking the existence and/or dissolution of biomolecular condensates to different hallmarks of cancer formation and progression. We then discuss the opportunities that this condensate perspective provides for cancer research and the development of novel therapeutic approaches, including the perturbation of condensates by small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Cai
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
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14
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Zhang Z, Yue P, Lu T, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:79. [PMID: 33990205 PMCID: PMC8120021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long known as digestive organelles, lysosomes have now emerged as multifaceted centers responsible for degradation, nutrient sensing, and immunity. Growing evidence also implicates role of lysosome-related mechanisms in pathologic process. In this review, we discuss physiological function of lysosomes and, more importantly, how the homeostasis of lysosomes is disrupted in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors. In atherosclerosis and Gaucher disease, dysfunction of lysosomes changes cytokine secretion from macrophages, partially through inflammasome activation. In neurodegenerative diseases, defect autophagy facilitates accumulation of toxic protein and dysfunctional organelles leading to neuron death. Lysosomal dysfunction has been demonstrated in pathology of pancreatitis. Abnormal autophagy activation or inhibition has been revealed in autoimmune disorders. In tumor microenvironment, malignant phenotypes, including tumorigenesis, growth regulation, invasion, drug resistance, and radiotherapy resistance, of tumor cells and behaviors of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells are also mediated by lysosomes. Based on these findings, a series of therapeutic methods targeting lysosomal proteins and processes have been developed from bench to bedside. In a word, present researches corroborate lysosomes to be pivotal organelles for understanding pathology of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, and lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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15
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Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: Key to Selective Intracellular Delivery. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:967-1092. [PMID: 33050847 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920090011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an integral surface protein mediating cellular response to a number of growth factors. Its overexpression and increased activation due to mutations is one of the most common traits of many types of cancer. Development and clinical use of the agents, which block EGFR activation, became a prime example of the personalized targeted medicine. However, despite the obvious success in this area, cancer cure remains unattainable in most cases. Because of that, as well as the result of the search for possible ways to overcome the difficulties of treatment, a huge number of new treatment methods relying on the use of EGFR overexpression and its changes to destroy cancer cells. Modern data on the structure, functioning, and intracellular transport of EGFR, its natural ligands, as well as signaling cascades triggered by the EGFR activation, peculiarities of the EGFR expression and activation in oncological disorders, as well as applied therapeutic approaches aimed at blocking EGFR signaling pathway are summarized and analyzed in this review. Approaches to the targeted delivery of various chemotherapeutic agents, radionuclides, immunotoxins, photosensitizers, as well as the prospects for gene therapy aimed at cancer cells with EGFR overexpression are reviewed in detail. It should be noted that increasing attention is being paid nowadays to the development of multifunctional systems, either carrying several different active agents, or possessing several environment-dependent transport functions. Potentials of the systems based on receptor-mediated endocytosis of EGFR and their possible advantages and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Rosenkranz
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia. .,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - T A Slastnikova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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16
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Pinet L, Wang YH, Vogel A, Guerlesquin F, Assrir N, Heijenoort CV. [Formula: see text]H, [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]N assignments of human Grb2 free of ligands. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:323-327. [PMID: 32844357 PMCID: PMC7462913 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor receptor-bound 2 (Grb2) is an important link in the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling cascades. It is involved in crucial processes, both physiological (mainly embryogenesis) and pathological (different types of cancer). Several binding partners of all three domains (SH3-SH2-SH3) of this adaptor protein are well described, such as ErbB family members for the SH2 domain and Sos for the SH3 domains. How the different domains interact with each other, both structurally and functionally, is still unclear. These interactions could be essential for regulation processes, and therefore are of great interest. Although a lot of structural data on Grb2 exist, they describe either individual domains, ligand-bound conformations, or frozen pictures of the protein captured by crystallography. Here we report the assignment of backbone and of [Formula: see text] chemical shifts of full-length, apo-Grb2 in solution. In addition to the assigned conformation corresponding to three well-folded domains, a set of peaks compatible with the presence of an unfolded conformation of the N-terminal SH3 domain is observed. This assignment paves the way for future studies of inter-domain interactions and dynamics that have to be taken into account when studying the regulation of Grb2 interactions and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Pinet
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Present Address: SGS Taiwan LTD, No.38, Wu Chyuan 7th Rd., New Taipei Industrial Park, Wu Ku District, New Taipei City, 24890 Taiwan
| | - Anaïs Vogel
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Present Address: NG Biotech, ZI Courbouton, 35480 Guipry, France
| | - Françoise Guerlesquin
- LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Assrir
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carine van Heijenoort
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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17
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Liao TJ, Jang H, Fushman D, Nussinov R. SOS1 interacts with Grb2 through regions that induce closed nSH3 conformations. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:045106. [PMID: 32752665 PMCID: PMC7390601 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grb2 is an adaptor protein connecting the epidermal growth factor receptor and the downstream Son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), a Ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RasGEF), which exchanges GDP by GTP. Grb2 contains three SH domains: N-terminal SH3 (nSH3), SH2, and C-terminal SH3 (cSH3). The C-terminal proline-rich (PR) domain of SOS1 regulates nSH3 open/closed conformations. Earlier, several nSH3 binding motifs were identified in the PR domain. More recently, we characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and replica exchange simulations possible cSH3 binding regions. Among them, we discovered a cSH3-specific binding region. However, how PR binding at these sites regulates the nSH3/cSH3 conformation has been unclear. Here, we explore the nSH3/cSH3 interaction with linked and truncated PR segments using molecular dynamics simulations. Our 248 μs simulations include 620 distinct trajectories, each 400 ns. We construct the effective free energy landscape to validate the nSH3/cSH3 binding sites. The nSH3/cSH3-SOS1 peptide complex models indicate that strong peptide binders attract the flexible nSH3 n-Src loop, inducing a closed conformation of nSH3; by contrast, the cSH3 conformation remains unchanged. Inhibitors that disrupt the Ras-SOS1 interaction have been designed; the conformational details uncovered here may assist in the design of polypeptides inhibiting Grb2-SOS1 interaction, thus SOS1 recruitment to the membrane where Ras resides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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18
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The non-receptor tyrosine kinase ACK: regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways and opportunities for attACKing cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1715-1731. [PMID: 31845724 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase or ACK, is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and an effector protein for the small G protein Cdc42. A substantial body of evidence has accumulated in the past few years heavily implicating ACK as a driver of oncogenic processes. Concomitantly, more is also being revealed regarding the signalling pathways involving ACK and molecular details of its modes of action. Some details are also available regarding the regulatory mechanisms of this kinase, including activation and regulation of its catalytic activity, however, a full understanding of these aspects remains elusive. This review considers the current knowledge base concerning ACK and summarizes efforts and future prospects to target ACK therapeutically in cancer.
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19
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Liao TJ, Jang H, Nussinov R, Fushman D. High-Affinity Interactions of the nSH3/cSH3 Domains of Grb2 with the C-Terminal Proline-Rich Domain of SOS1. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3401-3411. [PMID: 31970984 PMCID: PMC8459210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Grb2 is an adaptor protein that recruits Ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Son of Sevenless 1 (SOS1), to the plasma membrane. SOS1 exchanges GDP by GTP, activating Ras. Grb2 consists of an SH2 domain flanked by N- and C-terminal SH3 domains (nSH3/cSH3). Grb2 nSH3/cSH3 domains have strong binding affinity for the SOS1 proline-rich (PR) domain that mediates the Grb2-SOS1 interaction. The nSH3/cSH3 domains have distinct preferred binding motifs: PxxPxR for nSH3 and PxxxRxxKP for cSH3 (x represents any natural amino acid). Several nSH3-binding motifs have been identified in the SOS1 PR domain but none specific for cSH3 binding. Even though both nSH3 and cSH3 exhibit the strongest binding to the SOS1 peptide PVPPPVPPRRRP, this mutually exclusive binding combined with other potential nSH3/cSH3 binding regions in SOS1 makes understanding the Grb2-SOS1 interaction challenging. To identify the SOS1-cSH3 binding sites, we selected seven potential binding segments in SOS1. The synthesized peptides were tested for their binding to nSH3/cSH3. Our NMR data reveal that the PKLPPKTYKREH peptide has strong binding affinity for cSH3, but very weak for nSH3. The binding specificity suggests that the most likely Grb2-SOS1 binding mode is through nSH3-PVPPPVPPRRRP and cSH3-PKLPPKTYKREH interactions, which is supported by replica-exchange simulations for the Grb2-SOS1 complex models. We propose that nSH3/cSH3 binding peptides, which effectively interrupt Grb2-SOS1 association, can serve as tumor suppressors. The Grb2-SOS1 mechanism outlined here offers new venues for future therapeutic strategies for upstream mutations in cancer, such as in EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jen Liao
- Biophysics Program, Institute for Physical Science and Technology , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program , Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program , Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program , Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick , Maryland 21702 , United States
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - David Fushman
- Biophysics Program, Institute for Physical Science and Technology , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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20
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Willebrand R, Dietschmann A, Nitschke L, Krappmann S, Voehringer D. Murine eosinophil development and allergic lung eosinophilia are largely dependent on the signaling adaptor GRB2. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1786-1795. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Willebrand
- Department of Infection Biology; University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
| | - Axel Dietschmann
- Department of Infection Biology; University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Department of Biology; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene and Immunology; University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology; University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
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21
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An integrated approach to infer cross-talks between intracellular protein transport and signaling pathways. BMC Bioinformatics 2018. [PMID: 29536825 PMCID: PMC5850946 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The endomembrane system, known as secretory pathway, is responsible for the synthesis and transport of protein molecules in cells. Therefore, genes involved in the secretory pathway are essential for the cellular development and function. Recent scientific investigations show that ER and Golgi apparatus may provide a convenient drug target for cancer therapy. On the other hand, it is known that abundantly expressed genes in different cellular organelles share interconnected pathways and co-regulate each other activities. The cross-talks among these genes play an important role in signaling pathways, associated to the regulation of intracellular protein transport. Results In the present study, we device an integrated approach to understand these complex interactions. We analyze gene perturbation expression profiles, reconstruct a directed gene interaction network and decipher the regulatory interactions among genes involved in protein transport signaling. In particular, we focus on expression signatures of genes involved in the secretory pathway of MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, network biology analysis delineates these gene-centric cross-talks at the level of specific modules/sub-networks, corresponding to different signaling pathways. Conclusions We elucidate the regulatory connections between genes constituting signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt, Ras, Rap1, calcium, JAK-STAT, EFGR and FGFR signaling. Interestingly, we determine some key regulatory cross-talks between signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling and Ras signaling pathway) and intracellular protein transport. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2036-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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22
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Zhang X, Wu L, Xiao T, Tang L, Jia X, Guo Y, Zhang J, Li J, He Y, Su J, Zhao S, Tao J, Zhou J, Chen X, Peng C. TRAF6 regulates EGF-induced cell transformation and cSCC malignant phenotype through CD147/EGFR. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:17. [PMID: 29463844 PMCID: PMC5833715 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAF6, a well-known adapter molecule, plays pivotal role in TLR/IL-1R associated signaling pathway. Although TRAF6 has been shown to have oncogenic activity in various malignant tumors, the details remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that TRAF6 facilitates Ras (G12V) and EGF-induced cellular transformation through EGFR. Silencing of TRAF6 expression significantly downregulated AP-1 activity, as well as MMP-2,9 expression after EGF stimulation. Furthermore, we found that TRAF6 plays an essential role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) malignant phenotypes, affecting cell growth and migration. CD147/Basigin, a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is over-expressed in tumors and induces tumorigenesis. Our results showed that CD147 formed complex with EGFR and TRAF6. Knockdown of TRAF6 disrupted the CD147-EGFR complex, thereby inducing EGFR endocytosis. Therefore, TRAF6 might be a novel molecular target for cSCC prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lisha Wu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ta Xiao
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuekun Jia
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - JiangLin Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijing He
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Su
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery of Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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23
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Wang X, Lu X, Zhang T, Wen C, Shi M, Tang X, Chen H, Peng C, Li H, Fang Y, Deng X, Shen B. mir-329 restricts tumor growth by targeting grb2 in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21441-53. [PMID: 26885689 PMCID: PMC5008297 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. To illustrate the pathogenic mechanism(s), we looked into the expression and function of miR-329 associated with pancreatic cancer development. It was found that miR-329 expression was downregulated in the pancreatic cancer patients who demonstrated significantly shorter overall survival than the patients having upregulated expression. Also, more advanced pT stage cases were observed in the low miR-329 expression group of patients. Interestingly, our studies uncovered that miR-329 overexpression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells, in contrast the miR-329 inhibitor reversed this phenomenon dramatically. Additionally, overexpression of miR-329 significantly limited tumor growth in the xenograft model. In the mechanistic study, we identified GRB2 as a direct target of miR-329 in pancreatic cancer cells, and expression of GRB2 was inversely correlated with miR-329 expression in pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, GRB2 overexpression in cell line and xenograft model dramatically diminished miR-329 mediated anti-proliferation and apoptosis induction, indicating that GRB2/pERK pathway was mainly downregulated by miR-329 expression. In general, our study has shed light on miR-329 regulated mechanism and, miR-329/GRB2/pERK is potential to be targeted for pancreatic cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Wang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongxiong Lu
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlei Wen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Valdivia A, Goicoechea SM, Awadia S, Zinn A, Garcia-Mata R. Regulation of circular dorsal ruffles, macropinocytosis, and cell migration by RhoG and its exchange factor, Trio. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1768-1781. [PMID: 28468978 PMCID: PMC5491185 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoG and its exchange factor, Trio, regulate the formation and size of circular dorsal ruffles and associated functions, including macropinocytosis and cell migration. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are actin-rich structures that form on the dorsal surface of many mammalian cells in response to growth factor stimulation. CDRs represent a unique type of structure that forms transiently and only once upon stimulation. The formation of CDRs involves a drastic rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, which is regulated by the Rho family of GTPases. So far, only Rac1 has been consistently associated with CDR formation, whereas the role of other GTPases in this process is either lacking or inconclusive. Here we show that RhoG and its exchange factor, Trio, play a role in the regulation of CDR dynamics, particularly by modulating their size. RhoG is activated by Trio downstream of PDGF in a PI3K- and Src-dependent manner. Silencing RhoG expression decreases the number of cells that form CDRs, as well as the area of the CDRs. The regulation of CDR area by RhoG is independent of Rac1 function. In addition, our results show the RhoG plays a role in the cellular functions associated with CDR formation, including macropinocytosis, receptor internalization, and cell migration. Taken together, our results reveal a novel role for RhoG in the regulation of CDRs and the cellular processes associated with their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Valdivia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606.,Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Sahezeel Awadia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Ashtyn Zinn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Rafael Garcia-Mata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
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25
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Yu Y, Nie Y, Feng Q, Qu J, Wang R, Bian L, Xia J. Targeted Covalent Inhibition of Grb2-Sos1 Interaction through Proximity-Induced Conjugation in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1548-1557. [PMID: 28060514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Targeted covalent inhibitors of protein-protein interactions differ from reversible inhibitors in that the former bind and covalently bond the target protein at a specific site of the target. The site specificity is the result of the proximity of two reactive groups at the bound state, for example, one mild electrophile in the inhibitor and a natural cysteine in the target close to the ligand binding site. Only a few pharmaceutically relevant proteins have this structural feature. Grb2, a key adaptor protein in maintaining the ERK activity via binding Sos1 to activated RTKs, is one: the N-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2 (Grb2N-SH3) carries a unique solvent-accessible cysteine Cys32 close to its Sos1-binding site. Here we report the design of a peptide-based antagonist (a reactive peptide) that specifically binds to Grb2N-SH3 and subsequently undergoes a nucleophilic reaction with Cys32 to form a covalent bond thioether, to block Grb2-Sos1 interaction. Through rounds of optimization, we eventually obtained a dimeric reaction reactive peptide that can form a covalent adduct with endogenous Grb2 protein inside the cytosol of SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cells with pronounced inhibitory effect on cell mobility and viability. This work showcases a rational design of Grb2-targeted site-specific covalent inhibitor and its pronounced anticancer effect by targeting Grb2-Sos1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yunyu Nie
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiale Qu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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26
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Miller SJ, Zhang PW, Glatzer J, Rothstein JD. Astroglial transcriptome dysregulation in early disease of an ALS mutant SOD1 mouse model. J Neurogenet 2016; 31:37-48. [DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2016.1260128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Miller
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ping-wu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jenna Glatzer
- The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Rothstein
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Myogenic differentiation depends on the interplay of Grb2 and N-WASP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:487-497. [PMID: 27965114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis requires a well-coordinated withdrawal from cell cycle, morphological changes and cell fusion mediated by actin cytoskeleton. Grb2 is an adaptor protein whose central SH2 domain binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues of activated receptors and activates intracellular signaling pathway, while its N-terminal and C-terminal SH3 domains bind to proline rich proteins such as N-WASP (Neural-Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein). We found that the expression of Grb2 was increased at the beginning of differentiation and remained constant during differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. Knocking down endogenous Grb2 expression caused a significant increase in the fusion index and expression of MyHC, a terminal differentiation marker when compared with the control. Over expression of Grb2 in C2C12 (C2C12Grb2-Myc) reduced myotube formation and expression of MyHC. Similarly over expression of Grb2P49L-Myc (N-terminal SH3 domain mutant) or Grb2R86K-Myc (SH2 domain mutant) inhibited myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. However, the expression of Grb2P206L-Myc (C-terminal SH3 domain mutant) did not inhibit myotube formation and expression of MyHC. This suggests that the C-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2 is critical for the inhibition of myogenic differentiation. The C2C12Grb2-Myc cells have reduced phalloidin staining at late stages of differentiation. Expression of N-WASP in C2C12Grb2-Myc cells rescued the myogenic defect and increased phalloidin staining (increased F-actin) in these cells. Thus our results suggest that Grb2 is a negative regulator of myogenesis and reduces myogenic differentiation by inhibiting actin polymerization/remodeling through its C-terminal SH3 domain.
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28
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Ghosh P, Aznar N, Swanson L, Lo IC, Lopez-Sanchez I, Ear J, Rohena C, Kalogriopoulos N, Joosen L, Dunkel Y, Sun N, Nguyen P, Bhandari D. Biochemical, Biophysical and Cellular Techniques to Study the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, GIV/Girdin. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 8:265-298. [PMID: 27925669 PMCID: PMC5154557 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Canonical signal transduction via heterotrimeric G proteins is spatiotemporally restricted, i.e., triggered exclusively at the plasma membrane, only by agonist activation of G protein-coupled receptors via a finite process that is terminated within a few hundred milliseconds. Recently, a rapidly emerging paradigm has revealed a noncanonical pathway for activation of heterotrimeric G proteins via the nonreceptor guanidine-nucleotide exchange factor, GIV/Girdin. Biochemical, biophysical, and functional studies evaluating this pathway have unraveled its unique properties and distinctive spatiotemporal features. As in the case of any new pathway/paradigm, these studies first required an in-depth optimization of tools/techniques and protocols, governed by rationale and fundamentals unique to the pathway, and more specifically to the large multimodular GIV protein. Here we provide the most up-to-date overview of protocols that have generated most of what we know today about noncanonical G protein activation by GIV and its relevance in health and disease. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Lee Swanson
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - I-Chung Lo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | | | - Jason Ear
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Cristina Rohena
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | | | - Linda Joosen
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Nina Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Peter Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840-9507
| | - Deepali Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840-9507
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29
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Wang G, Wang X, Huang X, Yang H, Pang S, Xie X, Zeng S, Lin J, Diao Y. Inhibition of integrin β3, a binding partner of kallistatin, leads to reduced viability, invasion and proliferation in NCI-H446 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:90. [PMID: 27980455 PMCID: PMC5134261 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor and heparin-binding protein. It is considered an endogenous angiogenic inhibitor. In addition, multiple studies demonstrated that kallistatin directly inhibits cancer cell growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. METHODS Pull-down, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting were used for binding experiments. To elucidate the mechanisms, integrin β3 knockdown (siRNA) or blockage (antibody treatment) on the cell surface of small the cell lung cancer NCI-H446 cell line was used. RESULTS Interestingly, kallistatin was capable of binding integrin β3 on the cell surface of NCI-H446 cells. Meanwhile, integrin β3 knockdown or blockage resulted in loss of antitumor activities induced by kallistatin. Furthermore, kallistatin suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of integrin β3 and its downstream signaling pathways, including FAK/-Src, AKT and Erk/MAPK. Viability, proliferation and migration of NCI-H446 cells were inhibited by kallistatin, with Bcl-2 and Grb2 downregulation, and Bax, cleaved caspase-9 and caspase 3 upregulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a novel role for kallistatin in preventing small cell lung cancer growth and mobility, by direct interaction with integrin β3, leading to blockade of the related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021 China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021 China.,College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 326000 China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - Huiyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021 China
| | - Suqiu Pang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021 China
| | - Xiaolan Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 326000 China
| | - Shulan Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - Junsheng Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021 China
| | - Yong Diao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021 China
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30
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Abstract
Lysosomes (or lytic bodies) were so named because they contain high levels of hydrolytic enzymes. Lysosome function and dysfunction have been found to play important roles in human disease, including cancer; however, the ways in which lysosomes contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression are still being uncovered. Beyond serving as a cellular recycling center, recent evidence suggests that the lysosome is involved in energy homeostasis, generating building blocks for cell growth, mitogenic signaling, priming tissues for angiogenesis and metastasis formation, and activating transcriptional programs. This review examines emerging knowledge of how lysosomal processes contribute to the hallmarks of cancer and highlights vulnerabilities that might be exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; , .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; , .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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31
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Wu L, Xu F, Reinhard BM. Nanoconjugation prolongs endosomal signaling of the epidermal growth factor receptor and enhances apoptosis. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13755-68. [PMID: 27378391 PMCID: PMC5081566 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02974d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that intracellular signaling can be subject to strict spatial control. As the covalent attachment of a signaling ligand to a nanoparticle (NP) impacts ligand-receptor binding, uptake, and trafficking, nanoconjugation provides new opportunities for manipulating intracellular signaling in a controlled fashion. To establish the effect of nanoconjugation on epidermal growth factor (EGF) mediated signaling, we investigate here the intracellular fate of nanoconjugated EGF (NP-EGF) and its bound receptor (EGFR) by quantitative correlated darkfield/fluorescence microscopy and density-based endosomal fractionation. We demonstrate that nanoconjugation prolongs the dwell time of phosphorylated receptors in the early endosomes and that the retention of activated EGFR in the early endosomes is accompanied by an EGF mediated apoptosis at effective concentrations that do not induce apoptosis in the case of free EGF. Overall, these findings indicate nanoconjugation as a rational strategy for modifying signaling that acts by modulating the temporo-spatial distribution of the activated EGF-EGFR ligand-receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wu
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - F Xu
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - B M Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Lakshmanan I, Seshacharyulu P, Haridas D, Rachagani S, Gupta S, Joshi S, Guda C, Yan Y, Jain M, Ganti AK, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Novel HER3/MUC4 oncogenic signaling aggravates the tumorigenic phenotypes of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21085-99. [PMID: 26035354 PMCID: PMC4673252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that MUC4 is involved in progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we report that HER3/MUC4 interaction in HER2 low cells is critical in driving pancreatic tumorigenesis. Upon HER2 knockdown, we observed elevated expression of HER3 and MUC4 and their interactions, which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and bioinformatics analyses. In paired human PC tissues, higher percentage of HER3 positivity (10/33, 30.3%; p = 0.001) was observed than HER2 (5/33, 15.1%; p = 0.031), which was further confirmed in spontaneous mice (KPC; KrasG12D; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx-Cre) tumors of different weeks. Mechanistically, increased phosphorylation of ERK and expression of PI3K and c-Myc were observed in HER2 knockdown cells, suggesting a positive role for HER3/MUC4 in HER2 low cells. Further, HER2 knockdown resulted in increased proliferation, motility and tumorigenicity of PC cells. Consistently, transient knockdown of HER3 by siRNA in HER2 knockdown cells led to decreased proliferation. These observations led us to conclude that HER3 interacts with MUC4 to promote proliferation in HER2 low PC cells. Further, deficiency of both HER2 and HER3 leads to decreased proliferation of PC cells. Hence targeting these newly identified HER3/MUC4 signals would improve the PC patients survival by intercepting MUC4 mediated oncogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Dhanya Haridas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Suprit Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ying Yan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Apar K Ganti
- Department of Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Toyama K, Mizuguchi T, Nomura W, Tamamura H. Functional evaluation of fluorescein-labeled derivatives of a peptide inhibitor of the EGF receptor dimerization. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3406-12. [PMID: 27283787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic decapeptide (1, ), which acts on the extracellular region of the EGF receptor, preventing it from dimerizing, has been developed. Peptide 2, which was labeled with fluorescein at the N-terminus of peptide 1, was synthesized based on structure-activity relationship studies. Peptide 2 essentially retained the inhibitory activity of peptide 1 against the receptor autophosphorylation. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that in carcinoma cells, the fluorescence of peptide 2 was localized inside some vesicles. Treatment of intact cells by peptide 1 in combination with peptide 2 decreased the fluorescence intensity significantly compared to treatment with only peptide 2. These results indicate that peptide 2 competes with peptide 1 for binding to the cellular surface. Six derivatives of peptide 2, in which constituent amino acids, with the exception of two cysteines and proline were randomized, were synthesized and used to treat the cells. Peptides 6 and 9 showed the highest fluorescence intensity in cells. From the results of the EGF receptor autophosphorylation assay, these two derivatives were proven to have higher inhibitory activity than peptide 2, which would therefore be a useful delivery peptide and fluorescent probe to find new inhibitors against the EGF receptor. Peptides 6 and 9 are promising leads for EGF receptor inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Toyama
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mizuguchi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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Stow JL, Condon ND. The cell surface environment for pathogen recognition and entry. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e71. [PMID: 27195114 PMCID: PMC4855265 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface of mammalian cells offers an interface between the cell interior and its surrounding milieu. As part of the innate immune system, macrophages have cell surface features optimised for probing and sampling as they patrol our tissues for pathogens, debris or dead cells. Their highly dynamic and constantly moving cell surface has extensions such as lamellipodia, filopodia and dorsal ruffles that help detect pathogens. Dorsal ruffles give rise to macropinosomes for rapid, high volume non-selective fluid sampling, receptor internalisation and plasma membrane turnover. Ruffles can also generate phagocytic cups for the receptor-mediated uptake of pathogens or particles. The membrane lipids, actin cytoskeleton, receptors and signalling proteins that constitute these cell surface domains are discussed. Although the cell surface is designed to counteract pathogens, many bacteria, viruses and other pathogens have evolved to circumvent or hijack these cell structures and their underlying machinery for entry and survival. Nevertheless, these features offer important potential for developing vaccines, drugs and preventative measures to help fight infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stow
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Condon
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Koos B, Cane G, Grannas K, Löf L, Arngården L, Heldin J, Clausson CM, Klaesson A, Hirvonen MK, de Oliveira FMS, Talibov VO, Pham NT, Auer M, Danielson UH, Haybaeck J, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Söderberg O. Proximity-dependent initiation of hybridization chain reaction. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7294. [PMID: 26065580 PMCID: PMC4490387 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive detection of protein interactions and post-translational modifications of native proteins is a challenge for research and diagnostic purposes. A method for this, which could be used in point-of-care devices and high-throughput screening, should be reliable, cost effective and robust. To achieve this, here we design a method (proxHCR) that combines the need for proximal binding with hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for signal amplification. When two oligonucleotide hairpins conjugated to antibodies bind in close proximity, they can be activated to reveal an initiator sequence. This starts a chain reaction of hybridization events between a pair of fluorophore-labelled oligonucleotide hairpins, generating a fluorescent product. In conclusion, we show the applicability of the proxHCR method for the detection of protein interactions and posttranslational modifications in microscopy and flow cytometry. As no enzymes are needed, proxHCR may be an inexpensive and robust alternative to proximity ligation assays. Proximity ligation assays are a sensitive method for detecting protein interactions, but require the addition of enzymes. Here the authors introduce proxHCR, an enzyme-free method of detecting interactions in close proximity by inducing a hybribization chain reaction (HCR) of fluorescently labelled oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Koos
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gaëlle Cane
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Grannas
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liza Löf
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Arngården
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Heldin
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Magnus Clausson
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Klaesson
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Karoliina Hirvonen
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Felipe M S de Oliveira
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir O Talibov
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nhan T Pham
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, C H Waddington Building, Max Born Cresent, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Manfred Auer
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, C H Waddington Building, Max Born Cresent, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - U Helena Danielson
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical center, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-75108 Uppsala, Sweden
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Yao X, Wu Y, Zhu M, Qian H, Chen Y. Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate inducers sodium nitroprusside and L-arginine inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via the activation of type II cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:479-484. [PMID: 26171055 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) may activate soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), resulting in the increase of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a key molecule in the activation of type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG II). In our previous study, the membrane-permeable cGMP analogue 8-pCPT-cGMP was used to activate PKG II. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether NO/sGC-induced endogenous cGMP is able to activate PKG II and induce the corresponding effects. In the AGS gastric cancer cell line, the expression of PKG II was increased by infecting the cells with an adenoviral construct encoding PKG II cDNA (Ad-PKG II) and the activation of PKG II was induced by 8-pCPT-cGMP (positive control), the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the NO precursor L-arginine. ELISA was performed to detect the concentration of cGMP in AGS cells and the Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to analyze the proliferation of differently treated cells. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression and phosphorylation of associated proteins. The results demonstrated that the level of cGMP was increased in cells treated with the NO donor or precursor. There was an obvious increase of Ser239 phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, representing the increase in the activity of PKG II. The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced proliferation of AGS cells was inhibited by infection with Ad-PKG II and treatment with SNP or L-arginine. In addition, EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and tyrosine/serine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were also inhibited by infection with Ad-PKG II and treatment with the NO donor or precursor. These data indicated that NO donors and precursors may activate the expression of PKG II, thereby blocking EGF-initiated signaling of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK pathway and inhibiting EGF-induced proliferative activity through preventing the phosphorylation of EGFR at tyr1068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Miaolin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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Wuertenberger S, Groemping Y. A single PXXP motif in the C-terminal region of srGAP3 mediates binding to multiple SH3 domains. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1156-63. [PMID: 25819436 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 3 (srGAP3) has been implicated in different critical aspects of neuronal development. These findings have mainly been based on the characterisation of the three conserved globular N-terminal domains, while the function of the C-terminal region (CTR) is still unknown. We show that this predicted unstructured region acts as an adaptor by binding to the endocytic proteins Amphiphysin, Endophilin-A2, Endophilin-A1, as well as the Ras signalling protein Grb2. All these interactions depend on a single proline-rich motif in the CTR and the Src-homology 3 domains of the binding partners. Via these interactions srGAP3 could link receptor signalling events to the endocytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Wuertenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Protein Evolution, Spemannstr. 35, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Groemping
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Protein Evolution, Spemannstr. 35, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Midde KK, Aznar N, Laederich MB, Ma GS, Kunkel MT, Newton AC, Ghosh P. Multimodular biosensors reveal a novel platform for activation of G proteins by growth factor receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E937-46. [PMID: 25713130 PMCID: PMC4352799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420140112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental cues are transmitted to the interior of the cell via a complex network of signaling hubs. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and trimeric G proteins are two such major signaling hubs in eukaryotes. Conventionally, canonical signal transduction via trimeric G proteins is thought to be triggered exclusively by G protein-coupled receptors. Here we used molecular engineering to develop modular fluorescent biosensors that exploit the remarkable specificity of bimolecular recognition, i.e., of both G proteins and RTKs, and reveal the workings of a novel platform for activation of G proteins by RTKs in single living cells. Comprised of the unique modular makeup of guanidine exchange factor Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV)/girdin, a guanidine exchange factor that links G proteins to a variety of RTKs, these biosensors provide direct evidence that RTK-GIV-Gαi ternary complexes are formed in living cells and that Gαi is transactivated within minutes after growth factor stimulation at the plasma membrane. Thus, GIV-derived biosensors provide a versatile strategy for visualizing, monitoring, and manipulating the dynamic association of Gαi with RTKs for noncanonical transactivation of G proteins in cells and illuminate a fundamental signaling event regulated by GIV during diverse cellular processes and pathophysiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Zheng DJ, Yu GH, Gao JF, Gu JD. Concomitant EGFR inhibitors combined with radiation for treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4485-94. [PMID: 24083690 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is considered to be one of the key driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several clinical trials have shown great promise of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the first-line treatment of NSCLC. Many advances have been made in the understanding of EGFR signal transduction network and the interaction between EGFR and tumor microenvironment in mediating cancer survival and development. The concomitant targeted therapy and radiation is a new strategy in the treatment of NSCLC. A number of preclinical studies have demonstrated synergistic anti-tumor activity in the combination of EGFR inhibitors and radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. In the present review, we discuss the rationale of the combination of EGFR inhibitors and radiotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Jie Zheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China E-mail :
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40
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Qu Y, Chen Q, Lai X, Zhu C, Chen C, Zhao X, Deng R, Xu M, Yuan H, Wang Y, Yu J, Huang J. SUMOylation of Grb2 enhances the ERK activity by increasing its binding with Sos1. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:95. [PMID: 24775912 PMCID: PMC4021559 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Grb2 (Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) is a key adaptor protein in maintaining the ERK activity via linking Sos1 (Son of sevenless homolog 1) or other proteins to activated RTKs, such as EGFR. Currently, little knowledge is available concerning the post-translational modification (PTM) of Grb2 except for its phosphorylation. Since emerging evidences have highlighted the importance of SUMOylation (Small ubiquitin-related modifier), a reversible PTM, in modulating protein functions, we wondered if Grb2 could be SUMOylated and thereby influences its functions especially involved in the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway. Methods SUMOylation of Grb2 was analyzed with the in vivo SUMOylation assay using the Ni2+-NTA affinity pulldown and the in vitro E.coli-based SUMOylation assay. To test the ERK activity and cell transformation, the murine fibroblast cell line NIH/3T3 and the murine colon cancer cell line CMT-93 were used for the experiments including Grb2 knockdown, ectopic re-expression, cell transformation and migration. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was employed for seeking proteins that interact with SUMO modified Grb2. Xenograft tumor model in mice was conducted to verify that Grb2 SUMOylation regulated tumorigenesis in vivo. Results Grb2 can be SUMOylated by SUMO1 at lysine 56 (K56), which is located in the linker region between the N-terminal SH3 domain and the SH2 domain. Knockdown of Grb2 reduced the ERK activity and suppressed cell motility and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, which were all rescued by stable ectopic re-expression of wild-type Grb2 but not the mutant Grb2K56R. Furthermore, Grb2 SUMOylation at K56 increased the formation of Grb2-Sos1 complex, which sequentially leads to the activation of Ras/MEK/MAPK pathway. Conclusions Our results provide evidences that Grb2 is SUMOylated in vivo and this modification enhances ERK activities via increasing the formation of Grb2-Sos1 complex, and may consequently promote cell motility, transformation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianxiu Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China.
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Roy K, Chakrabarti O, Mukhopadhyay D. Interaction of Grb2 SH3 domain with UVRAG in an Alzheimer's disease-like scenario. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:219-25. [PMID: 24882360 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) is an adaptor protein which participates in trafficking pathways alongside its role in signaling. Proteins important for actin remodeling and cellular compartmentalization contain SRC Homology 3 (SH3) binding motifs that interact with Grb2. While studying the Grb2-amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain (AICD) interaction in Alzheimer's disease cell line models, it was seen that Grb2 colocalized to compartments that mature into autophagosomes. The entrapping of AICD in the Grb2 vesicles and its clearance via autophagosomes was a survival contrivance on the part of the cell. Here, we report that Grb2, when in excess, interacts with ultraviolet radiation resistance-associated gene protein (UVRAG) under excess conditions of AICD-Grb2 or Grb2. The N-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2 specifically interacts with UVRAG, unlike the C-terminal SH3 domain. This interaction helps to understand the role of Grb2 in the autophagic maturation of vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Roy
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
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Quantification and kinetic analysis of Grb2-EGFR interaction on micro-patterned surfaces for the characterization of EGFR-modulating substances. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92151. [PMID: 24658383 PMCID: PMC3962377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as an oncogene has led to the development of several anticancer therapeutics directed against this receptor tyrosine kinase. However, drug resistance and low efficacy remain a severe challenge, and have led to a demand for novel systems for an efficient identification and characterization of new substances. Here we report on a technique which combines micro-patterned surfaces and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy (μ-patterning assay) for the quantitative analysis of EGFR activity. It does not simply measure the phosphorylation of the receptor, but instead quantifies the interaction of the key signal transmitting protein Grb2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) with the EGFR in a live cell context. It was possible to demonstrate an EGF dependent recruitment of Grb2 to the EGFR, which was significantly inhibited in the presence of clinically tested EGFR inhibitors, including small tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting the EGF binding site. Importantly, in addition to its potential use as a screening tool, our experimental setup offers the possibility to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of bait-prey interaction. Recruitment of the EGFR together with Grb2 to clathrin coated pits (CCPs) was found to be a key feature in our assay. Application of bleaching experiments enabled calculation of the Grb2 exchange rate, which significantly changed upon stimulation or the presence of EGFR activity inhibiting drugs.
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43
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Grossier JP, Xouri G, Goud B, Schauer K. Cell adhesion defines the topology of endocytosis and signaling. EMBO J 2013; 33:35-45. [PMID: 24366944 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201385284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferred sites of endocytosis have been observed in various cell types, but whether they occur randomly or are linked to cellular cues is debated. Here, we quantified the sites of endocytosis of transferrin (Tfn) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in cells whose adhesion geometry was defined by micropatterns. 3D probabilistic density maps revealed that Tfn was enriched in adhesive sites during uptake, whereas EGF endocytosis was restricted to the dorsal cellular surface. This spatial separation was not due to distributions of corresponding receptors but was regulated by uptake mechanisms. Asymmetric uptake of Tfn resulted from the enrichment of clathrin and adaptor protein 2 at adhesive areas. Asymmetry in EGF uptake was strongly dependent on the actin cytoskeleton and led to asymmetry in EGF receptor activation. Mild alteration of actin dynamics abolished asymmetry in EGF uptake and decreased EGF-induced downstream signaling, suggesting that cellular adhesion cues influence signal propagation. We propose that restriction of endocytosis at distinct sites allows cells to sense their environment in an "outside-in" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Grossier
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Vehlow A, Soong D, Vizcay-Barrena G, Bodo C, Law AL, Perera U, Krause M. Endophilin, Lamellipodin, and Mena cooperate to regulate F-actin-dependent EGF-receptor endocytosis. EMBO J 2013; 32:2722-34. [PMID: 24076656 PMCID: PMC3801443 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an essential role during development and diseases including cancer. Lamellipodin (Lpd) is known to control lamellipodia protrusion by regulating actin filament elongation via Ena/VASP proteins. However, it is unknown whether this mechanism supports endocytosis of the EGFR. Here, we have identified a novel role for Lpd and Mena in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) of the EGFR. We have discovered that endogenous Lpd is in a complex with the EGFR and Lpd and Mena knockdown impairs EGFR endocytosis. Conversely, overexpressing Lpd substantially increases the EGFR uptake in an F-actin-dependent manner, suggesting that F-actin polymerization is limiting for EGFR uptake. Furthermore, we found that Lpd directly interacts with endophilin, a BAR domain containing protein implicated in vesicle fission. We identified a role for endophilin in EGFR endocytosis, which is mediated by Lpd. Consistently, Lpd localizes to clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) just before vesicle scission and regulates vesicle scission. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism in which Lpd mediates EGFR endocytosis via Mena downstream of endophilin. Cooperation between a BAR domain protein and a regulator of actin filament elongation during lamellipodia protrusion reveals actin cytoskeleton roles in endocytic vesicle scission in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vehlow
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, UK
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Yewale C, Baradia D, Vhora I, Patil S, Misra A. Epidermal growth factor receptor targeting in cancer: a review of trends and strategies. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8690-707. [PMID: 23953842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cell-surface receptor belonging to ErbB family of tyrosine kinase and it plays a vital role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. However; EGFR is aberrantly activated by various mechanisms like receptor overexpression, mutation, ligand-dependent receptor dimerization, ligand-independent activation and is associated with development of variety of tumors. Therefore, specific EGFR inhibition is one of the key targets for cancer therapy. Two major approaches have been developed and demonstrated benefits in clinical trials for targeting EGFR; monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). EGFR inhibitors like, cetuximab, panitumumab, etc. (mAbs) and gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, etc. (TKIs) are now commercially available for treatment of variety of cancers. Recently, many other agents like peptides, nanobodies, affibodies and antisense oligonucleotide have also shown better efficacy in targeting and inhibiting EGFR. Now a days, efforts are being focused to identify molecular markers that can predict patients more likely to respond to anti-EGFR therapy; to find out combinatorial approaches with EGFR inhibitors and to bring new therapeutic agents with clinical efficacy. In this review we have outlined the role of EGFR in cancer, different types of EGFR inhibitors, preclinical and clinical status of EGFR inhibitors as well as summarized the recent efforts made in the field of molecular EGFR targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Yewale
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Vadodara 390 001, Gujarat, India
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46
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Iwaki J, Kikuchi K, Mizuguchi Y, Kawahigashi Y, Yoshida H, Uchida E, Takizawa T. MiR-376c down-regulation accelerates EGF-dependent migration by targeting GRB2 in the HuCCT1 human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell line. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69496. [PMID: 23922722 PMCID: PMC3724868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA miR-376c was expressed in normal intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEpiC), but was significantly suppressed in the HuCCT1 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cell line. The biological significance of the down-regulation of miR-376c in HuCCT1 cells is unknown. We hypothesized that miR-376c could function as a tumor suppressor in these cells. To test this hypothesis, we sought the targets of miR-376c, and characterized the effect of its down-regulation on HuCCT1 cells. We performed proteomic analysis of miR-376c-overexpressing HuCCT1 cells to identify candidate targets of miR-376c, and validated these targets by 3′-UTR reporter assay. Transwell migration assays were performed to study the migratory response of HuCCT1 cells to miR-376c overexpression. Furthermore, microarrays were used to identify the signaling that were potentially involved in the miR-376c-modulated migration of HuCCT1. Finally, we assessed epigenetic changes within the potential promoter region of the miR-376c gene in these cells. Proteomic analysis and subsequent validation assays showed that growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) was a direct target of miR-376c. The transwell migration assay revealed that miR-376c significantly reduced epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent cell migration in HuCCT1 cells. DNA microarray and subsequent pathway analysis showed that interleukin 1 beta and matrix metallopeptidase 9 were possible participants in EGF-dependent migration of HuCCT1 cells. Bisulfite sequencing showed higher methylation levels of CpG sites upstream of the miR-376c gene in HuCCT1 relative to HIBEpiC cells. Combined treatment with the DNA-demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A significantly upregulated the expression of miR-376c in HuCCT1 cells. We revealed that epigenetic repression of miR-376c accelerated EGF-dependent cell migration through its target GRB2 in HuCCT1 cells. These findings suggest that miR-376c functions as a tumor suppressor. Since metastasis is the major cause of death in ICC, microRNA manipulation could lead to the development of novel anti-cancer therapy strategies for ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Mizuguchi
- Department of Surgery for Organ Function and Biological Regulation, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawahigashi
- Department of Surgery for Organ Function and Biological Regulation, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Surgery for Organ Function and Biological Regulation, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Surgery for Organ Function and Biological Regulation, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Threshold-controlled ubiquitination of the EGFR directs receptor fate. EMBO J 2013; 32:2140-57. [PMID: 23799367 PMCID: PMC3730230 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
How the cell converts graded signals into threshold-activated responses is a question of great biological relevance. Here, we uncover a nonlinear modality of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activated signal transduction, by demonstrating that the ubiquitination of the EGFR at the PM is threshold controlled. The ubiquitination threshold is mechanistically determined by the cooperative recruitment of the E3 ligase Cbl, in complex with Grb2, to the EGFR. This, in turn, is dependent on the simultaneous presence of two phosphotyrosines, pY1045 and either one of pY1068 or pY1086, on the same EGFR moiety. The dose–response curve of EGFR ubiquitination correlate precisely with the non-clathrin endocytosis (NCE) mode of EGFR internalization. Finally, EGFR-NCE mechanistically depends on EGFR ubiquitination, as the two events can be simultaneously re-engineered on a phosphorylation/ubiquitination-incompetent EGFR backbone. Since NCE controls the degradation of the EGFR, our findings have implications for how the cell responds to increasing levels of EGFR signalling, by varying the balance of receptor signalling and degradation/attenuation. The amount of EGF present for binding to its receptor governs an on–off switch of EGFR ubiquitination and hence ligand-controlled non-clathrin-mediated endocytosis and EGFR degradation.
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YIN JIKAI, CAI ZHONGLIANG, ZHANG LI, ZHANG JIAN, HE XIANLI, DU XILIN, WANG QING, LU JIANGUO. A recombined fusion protein PTD-Grb2-SH2 inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1061-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Subach OM, Entenberg D, Condeelis JS, Verkhusha VV. A FRET-facilitated photoswitching using an orange fluorescent protein with the fast photoconversion kinetics. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14789-99. [PMID: 22900938 DOI: 10.1021/ja3034137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins photoswitchable with noncytotoxic light irradiation and spectrally distinct from multiple available photoconvertible green-to-red probes are in high demand. We have developed a monomeric fluorescent protein, called PSmOrange2, which is photoswitchable with blue light from an orange (ex./em. at 546 nm/561 nm) to a far-red (ex./em. at 619 nm/651 nm) form. Compared to another orange-to-far-red photoconvertable variant, PSmOrange2 has blue-shifted photoswitching action spectrum, 9-fold higher photoconversion contrast, and up to 10-fold faster photoswitching kinetics. This results in the 4-fold more PSmOrange2 molecules being photoconverted in mammalian cells. Compared to common orange fluorescent proteins, such as mOrange, the orange form of PSmOrange has substantially higher photostability allowing its use in multicolor imaging applications to track dynamics of multiple populations of intracellular objects. The PSmOrange2 photochemical properties allow its efficient photoswitching with common two-photon lasers and, moreover, via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from green fluorescent donors. We have termed the latter effect a FRET-facilitated photoswitching and demonstrated it using several sets of interacting proteins. The enhanced photoswitching properties of PSmOrange2 make it a superior photoconvertable protein tag for flow cytometry, conventional microscopy, and two-photon imaging of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana M Subach
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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50
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Mizuguchi T, Ohara N, Iida M, Ninomiya R, Wada S, Kiso Y, Saito K, Akaji K. Evaluation of dimerization-inhibitory activities of cyclic peptides containing a β-hairpin loop sequence of the EGF receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5730-7. [PMID: 22959765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships of cyclic peptides mimicking the β-hairpin structure of the 'dimerization arm' at residues 242-259 of the EGF receptor are examined. Cyclic peptides containing the arm head of the β-hairpin loop showed inhibitory activity toward the EGF receptor's dimerization. Cyclic peptides containing a Retro-Inverso sequence of the dimerization arm showed clear inhibitory effects on the dimerization in vitro and efficiently suppressed the proliferation of A431 cells, which abundantly express the EGF receptor on their surface. The effects at a specific hydrophobic site of the loop structure were expected to enhance the interactions with the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Mizuguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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