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Wen X, Li P, Ma Y, Wang D, Jia R, Xia Y, Li W, Li Y, Li G, Sun T, Lu F, Ye J, Ji C. RHOF activation of AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway drives acute myeloid leukemia progression and chemotherapy resistance. iScience 2024; 27:110221. [PMID: 39021805 PMCID: PMC11253531 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal malignancy originating from leukemia stem cells, characterized by a poor prognosis, underscoring the necessity for novel therapeutic targets and treatment methodologies. This study focuses on Ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated (RHOF), a Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) family member. We found that RHOF is overexpressed in AML, correlating with an adverse prognosis. Our gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that RHOF overexpression enhances proliferation and impedes apoptosis in AML cells in vitro. Conversely, genetic suppression of RHOF markedly reduced the leukemia burden in a human AML xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, we investigated the synergistic effect of RHOF downregulation and chemotherapy, demonstrating significant therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Mechanistically, RHOF activates the AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby accelerating the progression of AML. Our findings elucidate the pivotal role of RHOF in AML pathogenesis and propose RHOF inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach for AML management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuechan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruinan Jia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
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2
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The roles of GTPase-activating proteins in regulated cell death and tumor immunity. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:171. [PMID: 34663417 PMCID: PMC8524929 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is a negative regulator of GTPase protein that is thought to promote the conversion of the active GTPase-GTP form to the GTPase-GDP form. Based on its ability to regulate GTPase proteins and other domains, GAPs are directly or indirectly involved in various cell requirement processes. We reviewed the existing evidence of GAPs regulating regulated cell death (RCD), mainly apoptosis and autophagy, as well as some novel RCDs, with particular attention to their association in diseases, especially cancer. We also considered that GAPs could affect tumor immunity and attempted to link GAPs, RCD and tumor immunity. A deeper understanding of the GAPs for regulating these processes could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets to avoid pathologic cell loss or to mediate cancer cell death.
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3
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Tasdemir-Yilmaz OE, Druckenbrod NR, Olukoya OO, Dong W, Yung AR, Bastille I, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Sitko AA, Hale EB, Vigneau S, Gimelbrant AA, Kharchenko PV, Goodrich LV, Segal RA. Diversity of developing peripheral glia revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2516-2535.e8. [PMID: 34469751 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system responds to a wide variety of sensory stimuli, a process that requires great neuronal diversity. These diverse neurons are closely associated with glial cells originating from the neural crest. However, the molecular nature and diversity among peripheral glia are not understood. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile developing and mature glia from somatosensory dorsal root ganglia and auditory spiral ganglia. We found that glial precursors (GPs) in these two systems differ in their transcriptional profiles. Despite their unique features, somatosensory and auditory GPs undergo convergent differentiation to generate molecularly uniform myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. By contrast, somatosensory and auditory satellite glial cells retain system-specific features. Lastly, we identified a glial signature gene set, providing new insights into commonalities among glia across the nervous system. This survey of gene expression in peripheral glia constitutes a resource for understanding functions of glia across different sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge E Tasdemir-Yilmaz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noah R Druckenbrod
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Weixiu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrea R Yung
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isle Bastille
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria F Pazyra-Murphy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Austen A Sitko
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evan B Hale
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sébastien Vigneau
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa V Goodrich
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Record J, Saeed MB, Venit T, Percipalle P, Westerberg LS. Journey to the Center of the Cell: Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Actin in Immune Cell Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682294. [PMID: 34422807 PMCID: PMC8375500 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeletal dynamics drive cellular shape changes, linking numerous cell functions to physiological and pathological cues. Mutations in actin regulators that are differentially expressed or enriched in immune cells cause severe human diseases known as primary immunodeficiencies underscoring the importance of efficienct actin remodeling in immune cell homeostasis. Here we discuss recent findings on how immune cells sense the mechanical properties of their environement. Moreover, while the organization and biochemical regulation of cytoplasmic actin have been extensively studied, nuclear actin reorganization is a rapidly emerging field that has only begun to be explored in immune cells. Based on the critical and multifaceted contributions of cytoplasmic actin in immune cell functionality, nuclear actin regulation is anticipated to have a large impact on our understanding of immune cell development and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mezida B. Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Venit
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Pol-Fuster J, Cañellas F, Ruiz-Guerra L, Medina-Dols A, Bisbal-Carrió B, Ortega-Vila B, Llinàs J, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Lladó J, Olmos G, Strauch K, Heine-Suñer D, Vives-Bauzà C, Flaquer A. The conserved ASTN2/BRINP1 locus at 9q33.1-33.2 is associated with major psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree from Southern Spain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14529. [PMID: 34267256 PMCID: PMC8282839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the genetic causes of major mental disorders (MMDs) including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder I, major depressive disorder and attention deficit hyperactive disorder, in a large family pedigree from Alpujarras, South of Spain, a region with high prevalence of psychotic disorders. We applied a systematic genomic approach based on karyotyping (n = 4), genotyping by genome-wide SNP array (n = 34) and whole-genome sequencing (n = 12). We performed genome-wide linkage analysis, family-based association analysis and polygenic risk score estimates. Significant linkage was obtained at chromosome 9 (9q33.1–33.2, LOD score = 4.11), a suggestive region that contains five candidate genes ASTN2, BRINP1, C5, TLR4 and TRIM32, previously associated with MMDs. Comprehensive analysis associated the MMD phenotype with genes of the immune system with dual brain functions. Moreover, the psychotic phenotype was enriched for genes involved in synapsis. These results should be considered once studying the genetics of psychiatric disorders in other families, especially the ones from the same region, since founder effects may be related to the high prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Pol-Fuster
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain.,Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Floor -1, Module F, R-805, Palma, Spain
| | - Francesca Cañellas
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Floor -1, Module F, R-805, Palma, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, HUSE, IdISBa, Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Guerra
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Floor -1, Module F, R-805, Palma, Spain
| | - Aina Medina-Dols
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Floor -1, Module F, R-805, Palma, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Bisbal-Carrió
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain.,Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Floor -1, Module F, R-805, Palma, Spain
| | - Bernat Ortega-Vila
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Floor -1, Module F, R-805, Palma, Spain.,Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Genetics Unit (UDMGC) and Genomics of Health Research Group, Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE) and Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries de Balears (IDISBA), Palma, Spain
| | - Jaume Llinàs
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Jessica Hernandez-Rodriguez
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Genetics Unit (UDMGC) and Genomics of Health Research Group, Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE) and Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries de Balears (IDISBA), Palma, Spain
| | - Jerònia Lladó
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain.,Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Floor -1, Module F, R-805, Palma, Spain
| | - Gabriel Olmos
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain.,Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Floor -1, Module F, R-805, Palma, Spain
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Damià Heine-Suñer
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Genetics Unit (UDMGC) and Genomics of Health Research Group, Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE) and Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries de Balears (IDISBA), Palma, Spain
| | - Cristòfol Vives-Bauzà
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain. .,Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Floor -1, Module F, R-805, Palma, Spain.
| | - Antònia Flaquer
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Linklater ES, Duncan ED, Han KJ, Kaupinis A, Valius M, Lyons TR, Prekeris R. Rab40-Cullin5 complex regulates EPLIN and actin cytoskeleton dynamics during cell migration. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212111. [PMID: 33999101 PMCID: PMC8129794 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab40b is a SOCS box–containing protein that regulates the secretion of MMPs to facilitate extracellular matrix remodeling during cell migration. Here, we show that Rab40b interacts with Cullin5 via the Rab40b SOCS domain. We demonstrate that loss of Rab40b–Cullin5 binding decreases cell motility and invasive potential and show that defective cell migration and invasion stem from alteration to the actin cytoskeleton, leading to decreased invadopodia formation, decreased actin dynamics at the leading edge, and an increase in stress fibers. We also show that these stress fibers anchor at less dynamic, more stable focal adhesions. Mechanistically, changes in the cytoskeleton and focal adhesion dynamics are mediated in part by EPLIN, which we demonstrate to be a binding partner of Rab40b and a target for Rab40b–Cullin5-dependent localized ubiquitylation and degradation. Thus, we propose a model where Rab40b–Cullin5-dependent ubiquitylation regulates EPLIN localization to promote cell migration and invasion by altering focal adhesion and cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Linklater
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Emily D Duncan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ke-Jun Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, Aurora, CO
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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The role of ARHGAP9: clinical implication and potential function in acute myeloid leukemia. J Transl Med 2021; 19:65. [PMID: 33579308 PMCID: PMC7881617 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rho GTPase activating protein 9 (ARHGAP9) is expressed in various types of cancers and can inactivate Rho GTPases that mainly regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. However, the exact role of ARHGAP9 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has yet to be clarified. Methods We compared the transcriptional expression, prognosis, differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment, and hub genes in AML patients on the basis of the data published in the following databases: UALCAN, GEPIA, Gene Expression Omnibus, the Human Protein Atlas, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, LinkedOmics, Metascape, and String. Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to evaluate the correlations between ARHGAP9 expression and various clinicopathological parameters, as well as the significantly different genes associated with ARHGAP9 expression. Results We found that ARHGAP9 expression was higher in the tissues and cell lines extracted from patients with AML than corresponding control tissues and other cancer types. ARHGAP9 overexpression was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) in AML. Compared with the ARHGAP9low group, the ARHGAP9high group, which received only chemotherapy, showed significantly worse OS and event-free survival (EFS); however, no significant difference was observed after treatment with autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto/allo-HSCT). The ARHGAP9high patients undergoing auto/allo-HSCT also had a significantly better prognosis with respect to OS and EFS than those receiving only chemotherapy. Most overlapping genes of the significantly different genes and co-expression genes exhibited enriched immune functions, suggesting the immune regulation potential of ARHGAP9 in AML. A total of 32 hub genes were identified from the differentially expressed genes, within which the KIF20A had a significant prognostic value for AML. Conclusions ARHGAP9 overexpression was associated with poor OS in AML patients and can be used as a prognostic biomarker. AML patients with ARHGAP9 overexpression can benefit from auto/allo-HSCT rather than chemotherapy.
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8
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Liang J, Li K, Chen K, Liang J, Qin T, He J, Shi S, Tan Q, Wang Z. Regulation of ARHGAP19 in the endometrial epithelium: a possible role in the establishment of uterine receptivity. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:2. [PMID: 33407571 PMCID: PMC7788769 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of uterine receptivity is essential for embryo implantation initiation and involves a significant morphological transformation in the endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). The remodeling of junctional complexes and membrane-associated cytoskeleton is crucial for epithelial transformation. However, little is known about how this process is regulated in EECs during the receptive phase. ARHGAP19 is a Rho GTPase-activating protein that participates in various cytoskeletal-related events, including epithelial morphogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of ARHGAP19 in endometrial epithelial transformation during the establishment of uterine receptivity. The upstream regulator of ARHGAP19 was also investigated. METHODS ARHGAP19 expression was examined in mouse uteri during early pregnancy and in human EEC lines. The role of ARHGAP19 was investigated by manipulating its expression in EECs. The effect of ARHGAP19 on junctional proteins in EECs was examined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The effect of ARHGAP19 on microvilli was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The upstream microRNA (miRNA) was predicted using online databases and validated by the dual-luciferase assay. The in vivo and in vitro effect of miRNA on endogenous ARHGAP19 was examined by uterine injection of miRNA agomirs and transfection of miRNA mimics or inhibitors. RESULTS ARHGAP19 was upregulated in the receptive mouse uteri and human EECs. Overexpression of ARHGAP19 in non-receptive EECs downregulated the expression of junctional proteins and resulted in their redistribution. Meanwhile, upregulating ARHGAP19 reorganized the cytoskeletal structure of EECs, leading to a decline of microvilli and changes in cell configuration. These changes weakened epithelial cell polarity and promoted the transition of non-receptive EECs to a receptive phenotype. Besides, miR-192-5p, a miRNA that plays a key role in maintaining epithelial properties, was validated as an upstream regulator of ARHGAP19. CONCLUSION These results suggested that ARHGAP19 may contribute to the transition of EECs from a non-receptive to a receptive state by regulating the remodeling of junctional proteins and membrane-associated cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Liang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kui Li
- Zhejiang Animal Husbandry Techniques Extension Station, 310020, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyu Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junyong Liang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ti Qin
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi He
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Tan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
- Huzhou Southern Taihu Lake Modern Agricultural Technology Center, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, P. R. China.
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A Single Gene Expression Set Derived from Artificial Intelligence Predicted the Prognosis of Several Lymphoma Subtypes; and High Immunohistochemical Expression of TNFAIP8 Associated with Poor Prognosis in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. AI 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ai1030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We have recently identified using multilayer perceptron analysis (artificial intelligence) a set of 25 genes with prognostic relevance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but the importance of this set in other hematological neoplasia remains unknown. Methods and Results: We tested this set of genes (i.e., ALDOB, ARHGAP19, ARMH3, ATF6B, CACNA1B, DIP2A, EMC9, ENO3, GGA3, KIF23, LPXN, MESD, METTL21A, POLR3H, RAB7A, RPS23, SERPINB8, SFTPC, SNN, SPACA9, SWSAP1, SZRD1, TNFAIP8, WDCP and ZSCAN12) in a large series of gene expression comprised of 2029 cases, selected from available databases, that included chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n = 308), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, n = 92), follicular lymphoma (FL, n = 180), DLBCL (n = 741), multiple myeloma (MM, n = 559) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 149). Using a risk-score formula we could predict the overall survival of the patients: the hazard-ratio of high-risk versus low-risk groups for all the cases was 3.2 and per disease subtype were as follows: CLL (4.3), MCL (5.2), FL (3.0), DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS) (4.5), multiple myeloma (MM) (5.3) and AML (3.7) (all p values < 0.000001). All 25 genes contributed to the risk-score, but their weight and direction of the correlation was variable. Among them, the most relevant were ENO3, TNFAIP8, ATF6B, METTL21A, KIF23 and ARHGAP19. Next, we validated TNFAIP8 (a negative mediator of apoptosis) in an independent series of 97 cases of DLBCL NOS from Tokai University Hospital. The protein expression by immunohistochemistry of TNFAIP8 was quantified using an artificial intelligence-based segmentation method and confirmed with a conventional RGB-based digital quantification. We confirmed that high protein expression of TNFAIP8 by the neoplastic B-lymphocytes associated with a poor overall survival of the patients (hazard-risk 3.5; p = 0.018) as well as with other relevant clinicopathological variables including age >60 years, high serum levels of soluble IL2RA, a non-GCB phenotype (cell-of-origin Hans classifier), moderately higher MYC and Ki67 (proliferation index), and high infiltration of the immune microenvironment by CD163-positive tumor associated macrophages (CD163+TAMs). Conclusion: It is possible to predict the prognosis of several hematological neoplasia using a single gene-set derived from neural network analysis. High expression of TNFAIP8 is associated with poor prognosis of the patients in DLBCL.
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10
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Humphries BA, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of the Small Rho GTPase Regulators-Complexities and Opportunities in Targeting Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1092. [PMID: 32353968 PMCID: PMC7281527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small Rho GTPases regulate important cellular processes that affect cancer metastasis, such as cell survival and proliferation, actin dynamics, adhesion, migration, invasion and transcriptional activation. The Rho GTPases function as molecular switches cycling between an active GTP-bound and inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. It is known that Rho GTPase activities are mainly regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs), GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) and guanine nucleotide exchange modifiers (GEMs). These Rho GTPase regulators are often dysregulated in cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression, have been shown to play important roles in cancer metastasis. Recent studies showed that miRNAs are capable of directly targeting RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs, and RhoGDIs, and regulate the activities of Rho GTPases. This not only provides new evidence for the critical role of miRNA dysregulation in cancer metastasis, it also reveals novel mechanisms for Rho GTPase regulation. This review summarizes recent exciting findings showing that miRNAs play important roles in regulating Rho GTPase regulators (RhoGEFs, RhoGAPs, RhoGDIs), thus affecting Rho GTPase activities and cancer metastasis. The potential opportunities and challenges for targeting miRNAs and Rho GTPase regulators in treating cancer metastasis are also discussed. A comprehensive list of the currently validated miRNA-targeting of small Rho GTPase regulators is presented as a reference resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
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11
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Bialkowski K, Kasprzak KS. A profile of 8-oxo-dGTPase activities in the NCI-60 human cancer panel: Meta-analytic insight into the regulation and role of MTH1 (NUDT1) gene expression in carcinogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 148:1-21. [PMID: 31883466 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We measured the specific 8-oxo-dGTPase activity profile of the NCI-60 panel of malignant cell lines, and MTH1 protein levels in a subset of 16 lines. Their 8-oxo-dGTPase activity was compared to twelve publicly accessible MTH1 mRNA expression data bases and their cross-consistency was analyzed. 8-oxo-dGTPase and MTH1 protein levels in these cell lines are generally, but not always, mainly determined by MTH1 mRNA expression levels. The aneuploidy number of MTH1 gene copies only slightly affects its mRNA expression levels. By using the data mining platforms Compare and CellMiner, our 8-oxo-dGTPase profile was compared to five global gene expression datasets to identify genes whose expression levels are directly or inversely associated with 8-oxo-dGTPase. We analyzed effects of SNP within MTH1 on MTH1 mRNA level and enzyme activity. Similar association analysis was performed for five microRNA expression datasets. We identified several proteins and microRNA which might be involved in the regulation of MTH1 expression and we discuss potential mechanisms. Comparison of chemical and natural products sensitivities of the NCI-60 panel suggests seven compounds which are directly or inversely associated with 8-oxo-dGTPase. We provide an integrated picture of MTH1 expression combined from eleven consistent MTH1 mRNA and our 8-oxo-dGTPase activity NCI-60 profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Bialkowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, 85-092, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz S Kasprzak
- Scientist Emeritus, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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12
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Chen WX, Lou M, Cheng L, Qian Q, Xu LY, Sun L, Zhu YL, Dai H. Bioinformatics analysis of potential therapeutic targets among ARHGAP genes in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6017-6025. [PMID: 31788076 PMCID: PMC6864933 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPase activating proteins (RhoGAPs) serve significant roles in multiple aspects of tumor biology. Genes encoding RhoGAPs (ARHGAP), which switch off Rho-like GTPases, are responsible for breast cancer biogenesis. However, the identification of suitable and novel biomarkers for precision treatment and prognosis remains challenging. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of ARHGAP family genes in breast cancer and investigate the survival data using the Oncomine, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, bcGenExMiner and cBioPortal online databases. The results demonstrated low expression of ARHGAP6, 7, 10, 14, 19, 23 and 24 and high expression of ARHGAP9, 11, 15, 18 and 30 in patients with breast cancer compared with that in healthy individuals. The survival analysis revealed that low expression levels of ARHGAP6, 7 and 19 were associated with poor relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), whereas high expression levels of ARHGAP9, 15 and 30 were associated with preferable RFS and OS. Metastatic relapse data demonstrated that higher expression of ARHGAP9, 15, 18, 19, 25 and 30 were associated with better prognosis and increased expression of ARHGAP11A and 14 exerted negative effects on patient prognosis. The overlapping genes ARHGAP9, 15, 19 and 30 obtained from these bioinformatics analysis tools exhibited significant association with clinical parameters including age, the presence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor-2, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade and Nottingham prognostic index. In conclusion, bioinformatics analysis revealed that ARHGAP9, 15, 19 and 30, but not other ARHGAP family genes may be promising targets with prognostic value and biological function for precision treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.,Department of Post-doctoral Working Station, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lou
- Department of Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yun Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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13
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Bros M, Haas K, Moll L, Grabbe S. RhoA as a Key Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070733. [PMID: 31319592 PMCID: PMC6678964 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA is a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the family of small GTPases. RhoA acts as a molecular switch that is activated in response to binding of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, and via mDia and the ROCK signaling cascade regulates the activation of cytoskeletal proteins, and other factors. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge on the role of RhoA as a general key regulator of immune cell differentiation and function. The contribution of RhoA for the primary functions of innate immune cell types, namely neutrophils, macrophages, and conventional dendritic cells (DC) to (i) get activated by pathogen-derived and endogenous danger signals, (ii) migrate to sites of infection and inflammation, and (iii) internalize pathogens has been fairly established. In activated DC, which constitute the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, RhoA is also important for the presentation of pathogen-derived antigen and the formation of an immunological synapse between DC and antigen-specific T cells as a prerequisite to induce adaptive T cell responses. In T cells and B cells as the effector cells of the adaptive immune system Rho signaling is pivotal for activation and migration. More recently, mutations of Rho and Rho-modulating factors have been identified to predispose for autoimmune diseases and as causative for hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bros
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina Haas
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorna Moll
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Bustelo XR. RHO GTPases in cancer: known facts, open questions, and therapeutic challenges. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:741-760. [PMID: 29871878 PMCID: PMC7615761 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RHO GTPases have been traditionally associated with protumorigenic functions. While this paradigm is still valid in many cases, recent data have unexpectedly revealed that RHO proteins can also play tumor suppressor roles. RHO signaling elements can also promote both pro- and antitumorigenic effects using GTPase-independent mechanisms, thus giving an extra layer of complexity to the role of these proteins in cancer. Consistent with these variegated roles, both gain- and loss-of-function mutations in RHO pathway genes have been found in cancer patients. Collectively, these observations challenge long-held functional archetypes for RHO proteins in both normal and cancer cells. In this review, I will summarize these data and discuss new questions arising from them such as the functional and clinical relevance of the mutations found in patients, the mechanistic orchestration of those antagonistic functions in tumors, and the pros and cons that these results represent for the development of RHO-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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15
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Marceaux C, Petit D, Bertoglio J, David MD. Phosphorylation of ARHGAP19 by CDK1 and ROCK regulates its subcellular localization and function during mitosis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.208397. [PMID: 29420299 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.208397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP19 is a hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) that acts through the RhoA/ROCK pathway to critically regulate cell elongation and cytokinesis during lymphocyte mitosis. We report here that, during mitosis progression, ARHGAP19 is sequentially phosphorylated by the RhoA-activated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 (hereafter ROCK) on serine residue 422, and by CDK1 on threonine residues 404 and 476. The phosphorylation of ARHGAP19 by ROCK occurs before mitosis onset and generates a binding site for 14-3-3 family proteins. ARHGAP19 is then phosphorylated by CDK1 in prometaphase. The docking of 14-3-3 proteins to phosphorylated S422 protects ARHGAP19 from dephosphorylation of the threonine sites and prevents ARHGAP19 from relocating to the plasma membrane during prophase and metaphase, thus allowing RhoA to become activated. Disruption of these phosphorylation sites results in premature localization of ARHGAP19 at the cell membrane and in its enrichment to the equatorial cortex in anaphase leading to cytokinesis failure and cell multinucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marceaux
- Inserm U749 and Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Dominique Petit
- Inserm U749 and Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Bertoglio
- Inserm U749 and Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Muriel D David
- Inserm U749 and Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
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16
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Chang YW, Huang YS. Midbody localization of vinexin recruits rhotekin to facilitate cytokinetic abscission. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2046-2057. [PMID: 28118077 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1284713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinexin is a SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein that has diverse roles in cell adhesion, signal transduction, gene regulation and stress granule assembly. In this study, we found that vinexin localizes at the midbody during cell division and facilitates cytokinesis. Knockdown of vinexin in HeLa cells delayed the mitotic cell cycle progression and increased the time of cell abscission and the failure to resolve the cytoplasmic bridge. Midbody-localized vinexin is essential for recruiting rhotekin to this structure for cytokinesis because overexpression of a vinexin mutant without a rhotekin-binding motif or knockdown of rhotekin also impaired cytokinetic abscission and increased the number of cells arrested at the midbody stage. Aberrant expression of vinexin and rhotekin in various cancers has been implicated to promote metastasis because of their functions in cell adhesion and signaling. Our findings reveal a novel role of vinexin and rhotekin in cytokinetic abscission and provide another perspective of how both molecules may affect oncogenic transformation via this fundamental cell cycle process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- a Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- a Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
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17
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T-cell activation RhoGTPase-activating protein plays an important role in T H17-cell differentiation. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:729-735. [PMID: 28462950 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
T-cell activation RhoGTPase-activating protein (TAGAP) is a GTPase-activating protein specific for RhoA that is exclusively expressed in activated T cells. Genome-wide association studies and metagenome SNPs analyses have indicated that TAGAP is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, celiac disease and multiple sclerosis. However, the precise function of TAGAP remains unclear. Because TH17 cells contribute to TAGAP-associated autoimmune diseases, we hypothesized that TAGAP plays key roles in the differentiation and/or function of TH17 cells. To evaluate this hypothesis, we analyzed the effect of TAGAP on TH17 differentiation in vitro and established a line of TAGAP-deficient mice. We found that TAGAP was required for TH17 differentiation in vitro and that the loss of TAGAP in mice ameliorated the clinical features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, indicating that TAGAP is critical for disease progression. We also demonstrated that TAGAP interacts with RhoH, an adapter protein that interacts with lck and ZAP70 in proximal TCR signaling. TAGAP competes with ZAP70 for RhoH binding, thereby inhibiting TCR-associated signal transduction. Consistent with these findings, TCR-induced ERK activation was increased in TAGAP-deficient T cells. Because the upregulation of TCR signaling inhibits Th17 differentiation, TAGAP may prevent TCR signaling activity from reaching the limit of the induction of TH17 cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that TAGAP is a novel factor required for TH17-cell differentiation and that TAGAP potentially represents a novel target of autoimmune disease therapies.
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18
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Activity of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms determines localization at the cleavage furrow of megakaryocytes. Blood 2016; 128:3137-3145. [PMID: 27737892 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-04-711630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocyte polyploidy is characterized by cytokinesis failure resulting from defects in contractile forces at the cleavage furrow. Although immature megakaryocytes express 2 nonmuscle myosin II isoforms (MYH9 [NMIIA] and MYH10 [NMIIB]), only NMIIB localizes at the cleavage furrow, and its subsequent absence contributes to polyploidy. In this study, we tried to understand why the abundant NMIIA does not localize at the furrow by focusing on the RhoA/ROCK pathway that has a low activity in polyploid megakaryocytes. We observed that under low RhoA activity, NMII isoforms presented different activity that determined their localization. Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling abolished the localization of NMIIB, whereas constitutively active RhoA induced NMIIA at the cleavage furrow. Thus, although high RhoA activity favored the localization of both the isoforms, only NMIIB could localize at the furrow at low RhoA activity. This was further confirmed in erythroblasts that have a higher basal RhoA activity than megakaryocytes and express both NMIIA and NMIIB at the cleavage furrow. Decreased RhoA activity in erythroblasts abolished localization of NMIIA but not of NMIIB from the furrow. This differential localization was related to differences in actin turnover. Megakaryocytes had a higher actin turnover compared with erythroblasts. Strikingly, inhibition of actin polymerization was found to be sufficient to recapitulate the effects of inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway on NMII isoform localization; thus, cytokinesis failure in megakaryocytes is the consequence of both the absence of NMIIB and a low RhoA activity that impairs NMIIA localization at the cleavage furrow through increased actin turnover.
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Menon MB, Sawada A, Chaturvedi A, Mishra P, Schuster-Gossler K, Galla M, Schambach A, Gossler A, Förster R, Heuser M, Kotlyarov A, Kinoshita M, Gaestel M. Genetic deletion of SEPT7 reveals a cell type-specific role of septins in microtubule destabilization for the completion of cytokinesis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004558. [PMID: 25122120 PMCID: PMC4133155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis terminates mitosis, resulting in separation of the two sister cells. Septins, a conserved family of GTP-binding cytoskeletal proteins, are an absolute requirement for cytokinesis in budding yeast. We demonstrate that septin-dependence of mammalian cytokinesis differs greatly between cell types: genetic loss of the pivotal septin subunit SEPT7 in vivo reveals that septins are indispensable for cytokinesis in fibroblasts, but expendable in cells of the hematopoietic system. SEPT7-deficient mouse embryos fail to gastrulate, and septin-deficient fibroblasts exhibit pleiotropic defects in the major cytokinetic machinery, including hyperacetylation/stabilization of microtubules and stalled midbody abscission, leading to constitutive multinucleation. We identified the microtubule depolymerizing protein stathmin as a key molecule aiding in septin-independent cytokinesis, demonstrated that stathmin supplementation is sufficient to override cytokinesis failure in SEPT7-null fibroblasts, and that knockdown of stathmin makes proliferation of a hematopoietic cell line sensitive to the septin inhibitor forchlorfenuron. Identification of septin-independent cytokinesis in the hematopoietic system could serve as a key to identify solid tumor-specific molecular targets for inhibition of cell proliferation. Cytokinesis is the finalizing step of the complex scenario of mitosis, leading to separation of two sister cells. The cellular mechanism of cytokinesis in eukaryotes differs at least between yeasts, plants and animals. So far, it is also not clear whether all mammalian cells follow the same mechanistic rules of cytokinesis. Here, we demonstrate that, depending on the mammalian cell type, two different pathways could result in completion of cytokinesis, a septin-dependent pathway and a distinct mechanism, which does not require septins prevalent in the hematopoietic system. Using multiple conditional knockouts, we demonstrate this cell type specificity in vitro and in vivo, and present evidence for the involvement of cell-type specific alteration of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Our data, together with the previously available septin knockdown data in cancer cell lines, suggest septins as plausible antitumor targets with high therapeutic index due to lack of off-target effects on hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj B. Menon
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (MBM); (MK); (MG)
| | - Akihiro Sawada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pooja Mishra
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Achim Gossler
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexey Kotlyarov
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (MBM); (MK); (MG)
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (MBM); (MK); (MG)
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