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Li Y, Shen X, Yang X, Lian F, Li Y, Li J, Huang Y, Shen W, Liu H. CHDH, a key mitochondrial enzyme, plays a diagnostic role in metabolic disorders diseases and tumor progression. Front Genet 2023; 14:1240650. [PMID: 37600654 PMCID: PMC10433736 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1240650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) is a transmembrane protein located in mitochondria. CHDH has been shown to be one of the important catalytic enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of choline to betaine and is involved in mitochondrial autophagy after mitochondrial damage. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on CHDH and found a close association with the pathogenesis of various diseases, including tumor prognosis. Here we summarized the genomic localization, protein structure and basic functions of CHDH and discuss the progress of CHDH research in metabolic disorders and other diseases. Moreover, we described the regulatory role of CHDH on the progression of different types of malignant tumors. In addition, major pathogenic mechanisms of CHDH in multiple diseases may be associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We look forward to providing new strategies and basis for clinical diagnosis and prognosis prediction of diseases by diagnosing SNP loci of CHDH genes. Our work evaluates the feasibility of CHDH as a molecular marker relevant to the diagnosis of some metabolic disorders diseases and tumors, which may provide new targets for the treatment of related diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xinzhuang Shen
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Fuming Lian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinmeng Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yongming Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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2
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Hou X, Tian F. STAT3-mediated osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in osteoporosis. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:112. [PMID: 35879773 PMCID: PMC9310501 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease with marked bone loss, deterioration of the bone microstructure and bone fragility. An abnormal bone remodelling cycle with relatively increased bone resorption is the crucial pathophysiological mechanism. Bone remodelling is predominantly controlled by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are specialized cell types that are regulated by a variety of osteogenic and osteoclastic factors, including cytokines expressed within the bone microenvironment under local or systemic inflammatory conditions. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a prominent role in the communication between cytokines and kinases by binding downstream gene promotors and is involved in a wide range of biological or pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that STAT3 and its network participate in bone remodelling and the development of osteoporosis, and this factor may be a potent target for osteoporosis treatment. This review focuses on the role and molecular mechanism of the STAT3 signalling pathway in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis, particularly the bone-related cytokines that regulate the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and the osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow macrophages by initiating STAT3 signalling. This review also examines the cellular interactions among immune cells, haematopoietic cells and osteoblastic/osteoclastic cells. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hou
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dis, Bohai Road 21, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dis, Bohai Road 21, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Mishra S, Kumar S, Choudhuri KSR, Longkumer I, Koyyada P, Kharsyiemiong ET. Structural exploration with AlphaFold2-generated STAT3α structure reveals selective elements in STAT3α-GRIM-19 interactions involved in negative regulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23145. [PMID: 34848745 PMCID: PMC8633360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3, an important transcription factor constitutively activated in cancers, is bound specifically by GRIM-19 and this interaction inhibits STAT3-dependent gene expression. GRIM-19 is therefore, considered as an inhibitor of STAT3 and may be an effective anti-cancer therapeutic target. While STAT3 exists in a dimeric form in the cytoplasm and nucleus, it is mostly present in a monomeric form in the mitochondria. Although GRIM-19-binding domains of STAT3 have been identified in independent experiments, yet the identified domains are not the same, and hence, discrepancies exist. Human STAT3-GRIM-19 complex has not been crystallised yet. Dictated by fundamental biophysical principles, the binding region, interactions and effects of hotspot mutations can provide us a clue to the negative regulatory mechanisms of GRIM-19. Prompted by the very nature of STAT3 being a challenging molecule, and to understand the structural basis of binding and interactions in STAT3α-GRIM-19 complex, we performed homology modelling and ab-initio modelling with evolutionary information using I-TASSER and avant-garde AlphaFold2, respectively, to generate monomeric, and subsequently, dimeric STAT3α structures. The dimeric form of STAT3α structure was observed to potentially exist in an anti-parallel orientation of monomers. We demonstrate that during the interactions with both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated STAT3α, the NTD of GRIM-19 binds most strongly to the NTD of STAT3α, in direct contrast to the earlier works. Key arginine residues at positions 57, 58 and 68 of GRIM-19 are mainly involved in the hydrogen-bonded interactions. An intriguing feature of these arginine residues is that these display a consistent interaction pattern across unphosphorylated and phosphorylated monomers as well as unphosphorylated dimers in STAT3α-GRIM-19 complexes. MD studies verified the stability of these complexes. Analysing the binding affinity and stability through free energy changes upon mutation, we found GRIM-19 mutations Y33P and Q61L and among GRIM-19 arginines, R68P and R57M, to be one of the top-most major and minor disruptors of binding, respectively. The proportionate increase in average change in binding affinity upon mutation was inclined more towards GRIM-19 mutants, leading to the surmise that GRIM-19 may play a greater role in the complex formation. These studies propound a novel structural perspective of STAT3α-GRIM-19 binding and inhibitory mechanisms in both the monomeric and dimeric forms of STAT3α as compared to that observed from the earlier experiments, these experimental observations being inconsistent among each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Imliyangla Longkumer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Praveena Koyyada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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4
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Comità S, Femmino S, Thairi C, Alloatti G, Boengler K, Pagliaro P, Penna C. Regulation of STAT3 and its role in cardioprotection by conditioning: focus on non-genomic roles targeting mitochondrial function. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:56. [PMID: 34642818 PMCID: PMC8510947 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the biggest challenges for cardiovascular researchers given the huge death toll caused by myocardial ischemic disease. Cardioprotective conditioning strategies, namely pre- and post-conditioning maneuvers, represent the most important strategies for stimulating pro-survival pathways essential to preserve cardiac health. Conditioning maneuvers have proved to be fundamental for the knowledge of the molecular basis of both IRI and cardioprotection. Among this evidence, the importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) emerged. STAT3 is not only a transcription factor but also exhibits non-genomic pro-survival functions preserving mitochondrial function from IRI. Indeed, STAT3 is emerging as an influencer of mitochondrial function to explain the cardioprotection phenomena. Studying cardioprotection, STAT3 proved to be crucial as an element of the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway, which converges on mitochondria and influences their function by cross-talking with other cardioprotective pathways. Clearly there are still some functional properties of STAT3 to be discovered. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the evidence that places STAT3 as a promoter of the metabolic network. In particular, we focus on the possible interactions of STAT3 with processes aimed at maintaining mitochondrial functions, including the regulation of the electron transport chain, the production of reactive oxygen species, the homeostasis of Ca2+ and the inhibition of opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Then we consider the role of STAT3 and the parallels between STA3/STAT5 in cardioprotection by conditioning, giving emphasis to the human heart and confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Saveria Femmino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Thairi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy
| | | | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy.
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy.
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Talwar D, Messens J, Dick TP. A role for annexin A2 in scaffolding the peroxiredoxin 2-STAT3 redox relay complex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4512. [PMID: 32908147 PMCID: PMC7481202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is recognized to act as a signaling molecule. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have the ability to transfer H2O2-derived oxidizing equivalents to redox-regulated target proteins, thus facilitating the transmission of H2O2 signals. It has remained unclear how Prxs and their target proteins are brought together to allow for target-specific protein thiol oxidation. Addressing the specific case of Prx2-dependent STAT3 oxidation, we here show that the association of the two proteins occurs prior to Prx oxidation and depends on a scaffolding protein, the membrane chaperone annexin A2. Deletion or depletion of annexin A2 interrupts the transfer of oxidizing equivalents from Prx2 to STAT3, which is observed to take place on membranes. These findings support the notion that the Prx2-STAT3 redox relay is part of a highly organized membrane signaling domain. Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) was previously shown to transfer H2O2-derived oxidative equivalents to STAT3, generating disulfide-linked dimers and tetramers. Here the authors show that the interaction between Prx2 and STAT3 at the plasma membrane is mediated by the membrane chaperone annexin A2; suggesting that the redox relay complex is part of a membrane signaling domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Talwar
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bayard Q, Caruso S, Couchy G, Rebouissou S, Bioulac Sage P, Balabaud C, Paradis V, Sturm N, de Muret A, Guettier C, Bonsang B, Copie C, Letouzé E, Calderaro J, Imbeaud S, Nault JC, Zucman-Rossi J. Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements of ROS1, FRK and IL6 activating JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas. Gut 2020; 69:1667-1676. [PMID: 31907296 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas (IHCAs) are benign liver tumours characterised by an activation of the janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway caused by oncogenic activating mutations. However, a subset of IHCA lacks of identified mutation explaining the inflammatory phenotype. METHODS 657 hepatocellular adenomas developed in 504 patients were analysed for gene expression of 17 genes and for mutations in seven genes by sequencing. 22 non-mutated IHCAs were analysed by whole-exome and/or RNA sequencing. RESULTS We identified 296 IHCA (45%), 81% of them were mutated in either IL6ST (61%), FRK (8%), STAT3 (5%), GNAS (3%) or JAK1 (2%). Among non-mutated IHCA, RNA sequencing identified recurrent chromosome rearrangement involving ROS1, FRK or IL6 genes. ROS1 fusions were identified in 8 IHCA, involving C-terminal part of genes highly expressed in the liver (PLG, RBP4, APOB) fused with exon 33-35 to 43 of ROS1 including the tyrosine kinase domain. In two cases a truncated ROS1 transcript from exon 36 to 43 was identified. ROS1 rearrangements were validated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and led to ROS1 overexpression. Among the 5 IHCA with FRK rearrangements, 5 different partners were identified (MIA3, MIA2, LMO7, PLEKHA5, SEC16B) fused to a common region in FRK that included exon 3-8. No overexpression of FRK transcript was detected but the predicted chimeric proteins lacked the auto-inhibitory SH2-SH3 domains. In two IHCA, we identified truncated 3'UTR of IL6 associated with overexpression of the transcript. CONCLUSION Recurrent chromosomal alterations involving ROS1, FRK or IL6 genes lead to activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in IHCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Bayard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm,Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm,Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Couchy
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm,Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm,Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Paulette Bioulac Sage
- Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, F 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Balabaud
- Université Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Valerie Paradis
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France.,INSERM U1149, Clichy, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Guettier
- Service d'anatomopathologie, CHU Bicètre, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicètre, France, Bicètre, France
| | - Benjamin Bonsang
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor; Université Paris Est, Inserm U955, Team 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, France, Créteil, France
| | - Christiane Copie
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor; Université Paris Est, Inserm U955, Team 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, France, Créteil, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm,Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor; Université Paris Est, Inserm U955, Team 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, France, Créteil, France
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm,Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm,Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France .,Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm,Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France .,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Yang J, Kunimoto H, Katayama B, Zhao H, Shiromizu T, Wang L, Ozawa T, Tomonaga T, Tsuruta D, Nakajima K. Phospho-Ser727 triggers a multistep inactivation of STAT3 by rapid dissociation of pY705-SH2 through C-terminal tail modulation. Int Immunol 2020; 32:73-88. [PMID: 31555812 PMCID: PMC10689346 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in many biological processes, including immunity and cancer. STAT3 becomes phosphorylated at Tyr705 and Ser727 on IL-6 stimulation. Phospho-Tyr705 (pY705) stabilizes the STAT3 dimer with reciprocal interactions between pY705 and the SH2 of the other molecule and phospho-Ser727 (pS727) accelerates pY705 dephosphorylation. We study how pS727 regulates STAT3 in both structural and biological perspectives. Using STAT3 reconstituted in HepG2-stat3-knockout cells, we show that pS727, together with a handshake N-terminal domain (NTD) interaction, causes rapid inactivation of STAT3 for pY705 dephosphorylation and a chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-independent nuclear export, which is critical for faithful STAT3 response to the cellular signals. The various N-terminal tags, GFP-related Ruby and FLAG, rendered the export CRM1-dependent and especially FLAG-tag caused nuclear accumulation of STAT3, indicating the presence of conformational changes in inactivation. Impaired reactivation of STAT3 by S727A or FLAG-tag delayed or inhibited the IL-6-induced saa1 mRNA expression, respectively. The detailed analysis of the pY705-SH2 structure identified the C-terminal tail (CTT) from L706 to P715 as a key regulator of the CTT-CTT intermolecular and the CTT-SH2 intramolecular interactions that support pY705-SH2 association. The functional studies using multiple STAT3 mutants indicated that the degree of the two interactions determines the stability of pY705-SH2 interaction. Importantly, Pro715 was critical for the pS727's destabilizing activity and the known phosphorylation and acetylation at the CTT structurally inhibited the pY705-SH2 interaction. Thus, pS727 triggers pY705-SH2 dissociation by weakening the supportive interactions likely through CTT modulation, inducing rapid cycles of STAT3 activation-inactivation for proper function of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Yang
- Department of Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunimoto
- Department of Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bumpei Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ozawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Letra‐Vilela R, Cardoso B, Silva‐Almeida C, Maia Rocha A, Murtinheira F, Branco‐Santos J, Rodriguez C, Martin V, Santa‐Marta M, Herrera F. Can asymmetric post-translational modifications regulate the behavior of STAT3 homodimers? FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:116-125. [PMID: 32123861 PMCID: PMC7003655 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a ubiquitous and pleiotropic transcription factor that plays essential roles in normal development, immunity, response to tissue damage and cancer. We have developed a Venus-STAT3 bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay that allows the visualization and study of STAT3 dimerization and protein-protein interactions in living cells. Inactivating mutations on residues susceptible to post-translational modifications (PTMs) (K49R, K140R, K685R, Y705F and S727A) changed significantly the intracellular distribution of unstimulated STAT3 dimers when the dimers were formed by STAT3 molecules that carried different mutations (ie they were "asymmetric"). Some of these asymmetric dimers changed the proliferation rate of HeLa cells. Our results indicate that asymmetric PTMs on STAT3 dimers could constitute a new level of regulation of STAT3 signaling. We put forward these observations as a working hypothesis, since confirming the existence of asymmetric STAT3 homodimers in nature is extremely difficult, and our own experimental setup has technical limitations that we discuss. However, if our hypothesis is confirmed, its conceptual implications go far beyond STAT3, and could advance our understanding and control of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Letra‐Vilela
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryInstituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB‐NOVA)Universidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Beatriz Cardoso
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryInstituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB‐NOVA)Universidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Catarina Silva‐Almeida
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryInstituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB‐NOVA)Universidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Ana Maia Rocha
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryInstituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB‐NOVA)Universidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Fernanda Murtinheira
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryInstituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB‐NOVA)Universidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Joana Branco‐Santos
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryInstituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB‐NOVA)Universidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Carmen Rodriguez
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) and Departamento de Morfología y Biología CelularFacultad de MedicinaUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Vanesa Martin
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) and Departamento de Morfología y Biología CelularFacultad de MedicinaUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Mariana Santa‐Marta
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryInstituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB‐NOVA)Universidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Federico Herrera
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryInstituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB‐NOVA)Universidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
- Cell Structure and Dynamics LaboratoryFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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Ernst S, Müller-Newen G. Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of STATs. A Target for Intervention? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111815. [PMID: 31752278 PMCID: PMC6895884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are transcription factors that in the latent state are located predominantly in the cytoplasm. Activation of STATs through phosphorylation of a single tyrosine residue results in nuclear translocation. The requirement of tyrosine phosphorylation for nuclear accumulation is shared by all STAT family members but mechanisms of nuclear translocation vary between different STATs. These differences offer opportunities for specific intervention. To achieve this, the molecular mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of STATs need to be understood in more detail. In this review we will give an overview on the various aspects of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of latent and activated STATs with a special focus on STAT3 and STAT5. Potential targets for cancer treatment will be identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Confocal Microscopy Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research IZKF, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Structural Biology of STAT3 and Its Implications for Anticancer Therapies Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061591. [PMID: 29843450 PMCID: PMC6032208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are proteins able to bind DNA and induce the transcription of specific genes. Consequently, they play a pivotal role in multiple cellular pathways and are frequently over-expressed or dysregulated in cancer. Here, we will focus on a specific “signal transducer and activator of transcription” (STAT3) factor that is involved in several pathologies, including cancer. For long time, the mechanism by which STAT3 exerts its cellular functions has been summarized by a three steps process: (1) Protein phosphorylation by specific kinases, (2) dimerization promoted by phosphorylation, (3) activation of gene expression by the phosphorylated dimer. Consequently, most of the inhibitors reported in literature aimed at blocking phosphorylation and dimerization. However, recent observations reopened the debate and the entire functional mechanism has been revisited stimulating the scientific community to pursue new inhibition strategies. In particular, the dimerization of the unphosphorylated species has been experimentally demonstrated and specific roles proposed also for these dimers. Despite difficulties in the expression and purification of the full length STAT3, structural biology investigations allowed the determination of atomistic structures of STAT3 dimers and several protein domains. Starting from this information, computational methods have been used both to improve the understanding of the STAT3 functional mechanism and to design new inhibitors to be used as anticancer drugs. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of structural biology to understand the roles of STAT3, to design new inhibitors and to suggest new strategies of pharmacological intervention.
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11
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Visualization and quantification of dynamic STAT3 homodimerization in living cells using homoFluoppi. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2385. [PMID: 29402895 PMCID: PMC5799161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimerization in signal transduction is a dynamically regulated process and a key regulatory mechanism. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dimerizes after tyrosine phosphorylation upon cytokine stimulation. Because only the STAT3 dimer possesses the trans-activation activity, dimerization is an indispensable process for cytokine signaling. Here we report the detection of dynamic STAT3 dimerization in living cells using the homoFluoppi system. This method allowed us to validate the presence of an intact Src homology 2 domain and STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation, which facilitate puncta formation and homodimerization. Puncta formation was reversible, as determined by a decreased punctate signal after washout of oncostatin M. We analyzed STAT3 mutants, which have been reported in patients with hyper IgE syndrome and inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma (IHCA). Analysis of the IHCA mutants using homoFluoppi revealed constitutive activity independent of cytokine stimulation and novel insight into kinetics of dimer dissociation process. Next, we used homoFluoppi to screen for inhibitors of STAT3 dimerization, and identified 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene as a novel inhibitor. The results of this study show that homoFluoppi is a useful research tool for the analysis of proteins like STAT3 that dynamically dimerize, and is applicable for the screening of dimerization modulators.
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12
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Mori R, Wauman J, Icardi L, Van der Heyden J, De Cauwer L, Peelman F, De Bosscher K, Tavernier J. TYK2-induced phosphorylation of Y640 suppresses STAT3 transcriptional activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15919. [PMID: 29162862 PMCID: PMC5698428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in homeostatic and host defense processes in the human body. It is activated by numerous cytokines and growth factors and generates a series of cellular effects. Of the STAT-mediated signal transduction pathways, STAT3 transcriptional control is best understood. Jak kinase dependent activation of STAT3 relies on Y705 phosphorylation triggering a conformational switch that is stabilized by intermolecular interactions between SH2 domains and the pY705 motif. We here show that a second tyrosine phosphorylation within the SH2 domain at position Y640, induced by Tyk2, negatively controls STAT3 activity. The Y640F mutation leads to stabilization of activated STAT3 homodimers, accelerated nuclear translocation and superior transcriptional activity following IL-6 and LIF stimulation. Moreover, it unlocks type I IFN-dependent STAT3 signalling in cells that are normally refractory to STAT3 transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Mori
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Wauman
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Icardi
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Università vita-salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina Milano, 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - José Van der Heyden
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lode De Cauwer
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Argenx BVBA Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Peelman
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Oda K, Oda T, Matoba Y, Sato M, Irie T, Sakaguchi T. Structural analysis of the STAT1:STAT2 heterodimer revealed the mechanism of Sendai virus C protein-mediated blockade of type 1 interferon signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19752-19766. [PMID: 28978648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sendai virus (SeV), which causes respiratory diseases in rodents, possesses the C protein that blocks the signal transduction of interferon (IFN), thereby escaping from host innate immunity. We previously demonstrated by using protein crystallography that two molecules of Y3 (the C-terminal half of the C protein) can bind to the homodimer of the N-terminal domain of STAT1 (STAT1ND), elucidating the mechanism of inhibition of IFN-γ signal transduction. SeV C protein also blocks the signal transduction of IFN-α/β by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, although the mechanism for the inhibition is unclear. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition of the IFN signal transduction via STAT1 and STAT2. Small angle X-ray scattering analysis indicated that STAT1ND associates with the N-terminal domain of STAT2 (STAT2ND) with the help of a Gly-rich linker. We generated a linker-less recombinant protein possessing a STAT1ND:STAT2ND heterodimeric structure via an artificial disulfide bond. Analytical size-exclusion chromatography and surface plasmon resonance revealed that one molecule of Y3 can associate with a linker-less recombinant protein. We propose that one molecule of C protein associates with the STAT1:STAT2 heterodimer, inducing a conformational change to an antiparallel form, which is easily dephosphorylated. This suggests that association of C protein with the STAT1ND:STAT2ND heterodimer is an important factor to block the IFN-α/β signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Oda
- the Structural Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Matoba
- Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551 and
| | - Mamoru Sato
- the Structural Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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14
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Cocchiola R, Romaniello D, Grillo C, Altieri F, Liberti M, Magliocca FM, Chichiarelli S, Marrocco I, Borgoni G, Perugia G, Eufemi M. Analysis of STAT3 post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human prostate cancer with different Gleason Score. Oncotarget 2017; 8:42560-42570. [PMID: 28489571 PMCID: PMC5522088 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. The androgen receptor (AR) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) could be effective targets for PCa therapy. STAT3, a cytoplasmatic latent transcription factor, is a hub protein for several oncogenic signalling pathways and up-regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell survival. STAT3 activity can be modulated by several Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) which reflect particular cell conditions and may be implicated in PCa development and progression. The aim of this work was to analyze STAT3 PTMs at different tumor stages and their relationship with STAT3 cellular functions. For this purpose, sixty-five prostatectomy, Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens, classified with different Gleason Scores, were subjected to immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR analysis. All experiments were carried out in matched non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues. Data obtained showed different STAT3 PTMs profiles among the analyzed tumor grades which correlate with differences in the amount and distribution of specific STAT3 interactors as well as the expression of STAT3 target genes. These results highlight the importance of PTMs as an additional biomarker for the exactly evaluation of the PCa stage and the optimal treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Cocchiola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Enrico ed Enrica Sovena, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Grillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Liberti
- Department of Gynecological-Obstretic Science and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Massimo Magliocca
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borgoni
- Department of Gynecological-Obstretic Science and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Perugia
- Department of Gynecological-Obstretic Science and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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15
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Martincuks A, Fahrenkamp D, Haan S, Herrmann A, Küster A, Müller-Newen G. Dissecting functions of the N-terminal domain and GAS-site recognition in STAT3 nuclear trafficking. Cell Signal 2016; 28:810-25. [PMID: 27040695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in many biological processes, including hematopoiesis, inflammation and cancer progression. Cytokine-induced gene transcription greatly depends on tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 on a single tyrosine residue with subsequent nuclear accumulation and specific DNA sequence (GAS) recognition. In this study, we analyzed the roles of the conserved STAT3 N-terminal domain (NTD) and GAS-element binding ability of STAT3 in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Our results demonstrate the nonessential role of GAS-element recognition for both cytokine-induced and basal nuclear import of STAT3. Substitution of five key amino acids within the DNA-binding domain rendered STAT3 unable to bind to GAS-elements while still maintaining the ability for nuclear localization. In turn, deletion of the NTD markedly decreased nuclear accumulation upon IL-6 treatment resulting in a prolonged accumulation of phosphorylated dimers in the cytoplasm, at the same time preserving specific DNA recognition ability of the truncation mutant. Observed defect in nuclear localization could not be explained by flawed importin-α binding, since both wild-type and NTD deletion mutant of STAT3 could precipitate both full-length and autoinhibitory domain (∆IBB) deletion mutants of importin-α5, as well as ∆IBB-α3 and ∆IBB-α7 isoforms independently of IL-6 stimulation. Despite its inability to translocate to the nucleus upon IL-6 stimulation, the NTD lacking mutant still showed nuclear accumulation in resting cells similar to wild-type upon inhibition of nuclear export by leptomycin B. At the same time, blocking the nuclear export pathway could not rescue cytoplasmic trapping of phosphorylated STAT3 molecules without NTD. Moreover, STAT3 mutant with dysfunctional SH2 domain (R609Q) also localized in the nucleus of unstimulated cells after nuclear export blocking, while upon cytokine treatment the subcellular localization of this mutant had not changed. Our findings support the concept that basal nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of STAT3 is different from active cytokine-induced nuclear import and does not require conserved N- or SH2-terminal domains, preformed dimer formation and GAS-element-specific DNA recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antons Martincuks
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Fahrenkamp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Serge Haan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162A Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Signal Transduction Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162A Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Küster
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Quantifying the dynamics of the oligomeric transcription factor STAT3 by pair correlation of molecular brightness. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11047. [PMID: 27009358 PMCID: PMC4820838 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomerization of transcription factors controls their translocation into the nucleus and DNA-binding activity. Here we present a fluorescence microscopy analysis termed pCOMB (pair correlation of molecular brightness) that tracks the mobility of different oligomeric species within live cell nuclear architecture. pCOMB amplifies the signal from the brightest species present and filters the dynamics of the extracted oligomeric population based on arrival time between two locations. We use this method to demonstrate a dependence of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mobility on oligomeric state. We find that on entering the nucleus STAT3 dimers must first bind DNA to form STAT3 tetramers, which are also DNA-bound but exhibit a different mobility signature. Examining the dimer-to-tetramer transition by a cross-pair correlation analysis (cpCOMB) reveals that chromatin accessibility modulates STAT3 tetramer formation. Thus, the pCOMB approach is suitable for mapping the impact oligomerization on transcription factor dynamics.
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17
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Hu T, Yeh JE, Pinello L, Jacob J, Chakravarthy S, Yuan GC, Chopra R, Frank DA. Impact of the N-Terminal Domain of STAT3 in STAT3-Dependent Transcriptional Activity. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3284-300. [PMID: 26169829 PMCID: PMC4561728 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00060-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT3 is constitutively active in many cancers, where it mediates important biological effects, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and angiogenesis. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of STAT3 performs multiple functions, such as cooperative DNA binding, nuclear translocation, and protein-protein interactions. However, it is unclear which subsets of STAT3 target genes depend on the NTD for transcriptional regulation. To identify such genes, we compared gene expression in STAT3-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) stably expressing wild-type STAT3 or STAT3 from which NTD was deleted. NTD deletion reduced the cytokine-induced expression of specific STAT3 target genes by decreasing STAT3 binding to their regulatory regions. To better understand the potential mechanisms of this effect, we determined the crystal structure of the STAT3 NTD and identified a dimer interface responsible for cooperative DNA binding in vitro. We also observed an Ni(2+)-mediated oligomer with an as yet unknown biological function. Mutations on both dimer and Ni(2+)-mediated interfaces affected the cytokine induction of STAT3 target genes. These studies shed light on the role of the NTD in transcriptional regulation by STAT3 and provide a structural template with which to design STAT3 NTD inhibitors with potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancen Hu
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Postdoctoral Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E Yeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaison Jacob
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srinivas Chakravarthy
- Biophysical Collaborative Access Team/Illinois Institute of Technology, Sector 18ID (Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory), Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Biophysical Collaborative Access Team/Illinois Institute of Technology, Sector 18ID (Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory), Lemont, Illinois, USA Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Pilati C, Zucman-Rossi J. Mutations leading to constitutive active gp130/JAK1/STAT3 pathway. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:499-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sgrignani J, Olsson S, Ekonomiuk D, Genini D, Krause R, Catapano CV, Cavalli A. Molecular Determinants for Unphosphorylated STAT3 Dimerization Determined by Integrative Modeling. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5489-501. [DOI: 10.1021/bi501529x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sgrignani
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB) and Universitá della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo
Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simon Olsson
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB) and Universitá della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo
Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Laboratorium
für Physikalische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Ekonomiuk
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB) and Universitá della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo
Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Genini
- IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Krause
- Institute
of Computational Science, Faculty of Informatics, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carlo V. Catapano
- IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB) and Universitá della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo
Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lansfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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20
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Petukh M, Kucukkal TG, Alexov E. On human disease-causing amino acid variants: statistical study of sequence and structural patterns. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:524-534. [PMID: 25689729 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Statistical analysis was carried out on large set of naturally occurring human amino acid variations, and it was demonstrated that there is a preference for some amino acid substitutions to be associated with diseases. At an amino acid sequence level, it was shown that the disease-causing variants frequently involve drastic changes in amino acid physicochemical properties of proteins such as charge, hydrophobicity, and geometry. Structural analysis of variants involved in diseases and being frequently observed in human population showed similar trends: disease-causing variants tend to cause more changes in hydrogen bond network and salt bridges as compared with harmless amino acid mutations. Analysis of thermodynamics data reported in the literature, both experimental and computational, indicated that disease-causing variants tend to destabilize proteins and their interactions, which prompted us to investigate the effects of amino acid mutations on large databases of experimentally measured energy changes in unrelated proteins. Although the experimental datasets were linked neither to diseases nor exclusory to human proteins, the observed trends were the same: amino acid mutations tend to destabilize proteins and their interactions. Having in mind that structural and thermodynamics properties are interrelated, it is pointed out that any large change in any of them is anticipated to cause a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Petukh
- Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29642, USA
| | - Tugba G Kucukkal
- Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29642, USA
| | - Emil Alexov
- Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29642, USA
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21
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Fahrenkamp D, de Leur HSV, Küster A, Chatain N, Müller-Newen G. Src family kinases interfere with dimerization of STAT5A through a phosphotyrosine-SH2 domain interaction. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:10. [PMID: 25885255 PMCID: PMC4350284 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is driven by the expression of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein. STAT5 is a BCR-ABL substrate and persistently activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in CML cells. Activated STAT5 (pSTAT5) drives proliferation and survival of leukemic cells and contributes to initial transformation and maintenance of the disease. In cytokine-induced STAT5 signaling, phosphorylation of STAT5A on Y694 leads to nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor, followed by DNA-binding and gene induction. However, Src-family kinases (SFK) mediate cytoplasmic retention of pSTAT5A leading to attenuated target gene expression and colony formation in CML cells. Results In this study we show that autophosphorylation of Y416 in the highly conserved activation loop of SFK generates a potent recruitment site for the SH2 domain of STAT5A. Binding of the SH2 domain to the activation loop is required for STAT5AY694 phosphorylation by SFK, but at the same time promotes the persistent cytoplasmic localization of the transcription factor as found in BCR-ABL+ leukemia. As a consequence of the complex formation between tyrosine-phosphorylated SFK and the SH2 domain of STAT5A, the dimerization of STAT5A is impaired. We further demonstrate that constitutively active STAT5AS710F escapes from SFK-mediated cytoplasmic retention by enhancing STAT5A dimer stability. Conclusion Our results reveal important structural aspects of cytoplasmic pSTAT5A found in myeloid leukemias and will contribute to the understanding of STAT5A mediated cytoplasmic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Fahrenkamp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hildegard Schmitz-Van de Leur
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Küster
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Structural and physico-chemical effects of disease and non-disease nsSNPs on proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 32:18-24. [PMID: 25658850 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the effects of naturally occurring mutations on structural features and physico-chemical properties of proteins. The basic protein characteristics considered are stability, dynamics, and the binding of proteins and methods for assessing effects of mutations on these macromolecular characteristics are briefly outlined. It is emphasized that the above entities mostly reflect global characteristics of considered macromolecules, while given mutations may alter the local structural features such as salt bridges and hydrogen bonds without affecting the global ones. Furthermore, it is pointed out that disease-causing mutations frequently involve a drastic change of amino acid physico-chemical properties such as charge, hydrophobicity, and geometry, and are less surface exposed than polymorphic mutations.
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Riebeling T, Staab J, Herrmann-Lingen C, Meyer T. DNA binding reduces the dissociation rate of STAT1 dimers and impairs the interdimeric exchange of protomers. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 15:28. [PMID: 25526807 PMCID: PMC4284922 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-014-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A shift between two dimer conformations has been proposed for the transcription factor STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) which links DNA binding of the parallel dimer to tyrosine dephosphorylation of the antiparallel dimer as two consecutive and important steps in interferon- γ (IFNγ)-mediated signalling. However, neither the kinetics nor the molecular mechanisms involved in this conformational transition have been determined so far. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the dissociation of dimers into monomers and their subsequent re-association into newly formed tyrosine-phosphorylated dimers is a relatively slow process as compared to the fast release from high-affinity DNA-binding sites, termed GAS (gamma-activated sequence). In addition, we noted an inhibitory effect of GAS binding on the exchange rate of protomers, indicating that DNA binding substantially impedes the recombination of dimeric STAT1. Furthermore, we found that reciprocal aminoterminal interactions between two STAT1 molecules are not required for the interchange of protomers, as an oligomerization-deficient point mutant displayed similar interdimeric exchange kinetics as the wild-type molecule. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that DNA binding impairs the oscillation rate between STAT1 conformers. Furthermore, these data suggest that the rapid release from high-affinity GAS sites is not a rate-limiting step in IFNγ-mediated signal transduction. Further investigations are needed to decipher the physiological significance of the observed dissociation/re-association process of STAT1 dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Riebeling
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Julia Staab
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Herrmann-Lingen
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
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