1
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Binotti B, Ninov M, Cepeda AP, Ganzella M, Matti U, Riedel D, Urlaub H, Sambandan S, Jahn R. ATG9 resides on a unique population of small vesicles in presynaptic nerve terminals. Autophagy 2024; 20:883-901. [PMID: 37881948 PMCID: PMC11062364 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2274204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In neurons, autophagosome biogenesis occurs mainly in distal axons, followed by maturation during retrograde transport. Autophagosomal growth depends on the supply of membrane lipids which requires small vesicles containing ATG9, a lipid scramblase essential for macroautophagy/autophagy. Here, we show that ATG9-containing vesicles are enriched in synapses and resemble synaptic vesicles in size and density. The proteome of ATG9-containing vesicles immuno-isolated from nerve terminals showed conspicuously low levels of trafficking proteins except of the AP2-complex and some enzymes involved in endosomal phosphatidylinositol metabolism. Super resolution microscopy of nerve terminals and isolated vesicles revealed that ATG9-containing vesicles represent a distinct vesicle population with limited overlap not only with synaptic vesicles but also other membranes of the secretory pathway, uncovering a surprising heterogeneity in their membrane composition. Our results are compatible with the view that ATG9-containing vesicles function as lipid shuttles that scavenge membrane lipids from various intracellular membranes to support autophagosome biogenesis.Abbreviations: AP: adaptor related protein complex: ATG2: autophagy related 2; ATG9: autophagy related 9; DNA PAINT: DNA-based point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography; DyMIN STED: dynamic minimum stimulated emission depletion; EL: endosome and lysosome; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GA: Golgi apparatus; iBAQ: intensity based absolute quantification; LAMP: lysosomal-associated membrane protein; M6PR: mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent; Minflux: minimal photon fluxes; Mito: mitochondria; MS: mass spectrometry; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PM: plasma membrane; Px: peroxisome; RAB26: RAB26, member RAS oncogene family; RAB3A: RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family; RAB5A: RAB5A, member RAS oncogene family; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment receptor; SVs: synaptic vesicles; SYP: synaptophysin; TGN: trans-Golgi network; TRAPP: transport protein particle; VTI1: vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyenech Binotti
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Momchil Ninov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreia P. Cepeda
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Matti
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Facility for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging : from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sivakumar Sambandan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Synaptic Metal Ion Dynamics and Signalin, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Jahn
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Erol ÖD, Şenocak Ş, Aerts-Kaya F. The Role of Rab GTPases in the development of genetic and malignant diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:255-281. [PMID: 37060515 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPases have been shown to play an important role in several cellular functions, including cytoskeletal remodeling, cell polarity, intracellular trafficking, cell-cycle, progression and lipid transformation. The Ras-associated binding (Rab) family of GTPases constitutes the largest family of GTPases and consists of almost 70 known members of small GTPases in humans, which are known to play an important role in the regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking, membrane identity, vesicle budding, uncoating, motility and fusion of membranes. Mutations in Rab genes can cause a wide range of inherited genetic diseases, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) to immune dysregulation/deficiency syndromes, like Griscelli Syndrome Type II (GS-II) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), as well as a variety of cancers. Here, we provide an extended overview of human Rabs, discussing their function and diseases related to Rabs and Rab effectors, as well as focusing on effects of (aberrant) Rab expression. We aim to underline their importance in health and the development of genetic and malignant diseases by assessing their role in cellular structure, regulation, function and biology and discuss the possible use of stem cell gene therapy, as well as targeting of Rabs in order to treat malignancies, but also to monitor recurrence of cancer and metastasis through the use of Rabs as biomarkers. Future research should shed further light on the roles of Rabs in the development of multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes and assess Rabs as a possible treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Doğuş Erol
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şimal Şenocak
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatima Aerts-Kaya
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Kumar R, Khan M, Francis V, Aguila A, Kulasekaran G, Banks E, McPherson PS. DENND6A links Arl8b to a Rab34/RILP/dynein complex, regulating lysosomal positioning and autophagy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:919. [PMID: 38296963 PMCID: PMC10830484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes help maintain cellular proteostasis, and defects in lysosomal positioning and function can cause disease, including neurodegenerative disorders. The spatiotemporal distribution of lysosomes is regulated by small GTPases including Rabs, which are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). DENN domain proteins are the largest family of Rab GEFs. Using a cell-based assay, we screened DENND6A, a member of the DENN domain protein family against all known Rabs and identified it as a potential GEF for 20 Rabs, including Rab34. Here, we demonstrate that DENND6A activates Rab34, which recruits a RILP/dynein complex to lysosomes, promoting lysosome retrograde transport. Further, we identify DENND6A as an effector of Arl8b, a major regulatory GTPase on lysosomes. We demonstrate that Arl8b recruits DENND6A to peripheral lysosomes to activate Rab34 and initiate retrograde transport, regulating nutrient-dependent lysosomal juxtanuclear repositioning. Loss of DENND6A impairs autophagic flux. Our findings support a model whereby Arl8b/DENND6A/Rab34-dependent lysosomal retrograde trafficking controls autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maleeha Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Aguila
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Wu D, Wang Y, Hu J, Xu Y, Gong D, Wu P, Dong J, He B, Qian H, Wang G. Rab26 promotes macrophage phagocytosis through regulation of MFN2 trafficking to mitochondria. FEBS J 2023; 290:4023-4039. [PMID: 37060270 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory disorder of the lungs caused by bacterial or viral infection. Timely phagocytosis and clearance of pathogens by macrophages are important in controlling inflammation and alleviating ARDS. However, the precise mechanism of macrophage phagocytosis remains to be explored. Here, we show that the expression of Rab26 is increased in Escherichia coli- or Pseudomonas aeruginosa-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Knocking out Rab26 reduced phagocytosis and bacterial clearance by macrophages. Rab26 interacts with mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and affects mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation by regulating MFN2 transport. The levels of MFN2 in mitochondria were reduced in Rab26-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages, and the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and ATP were significantly decreased. Knocking down MFN2 using small interfering RNA resulted in decreased phagocytosis and killing ability of macrophages. Rab26 knockout reduced phagocytosis and bacterial clearance by macrophages in vivo, significantly increased inflammatory factors, aggravated lung tissue damage, and increased mortality in mice. Our results demonstrate that Rab26 regulates phagocytosis and clearance of bacteria by mediating the transport of MFN2 to mitochondria in macrophages, thus alleviating ARDS in mice and potentially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junxian Hu
- Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Daohui Gong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junkang Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Binfeng He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guansong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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5
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Ren H, Yang B, Li M, Lu C, Li X. RAB26 contributes to the progression of non-small cell lung cancer after being transcriptionally activated by SMAD3. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8064-8075. [PMID: 35291909 PMCID: PMC9161862 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all cases of lung cancer, which constitutes the leading cause of cancer mortality. RAB26, a member of Rab GTPase superfamily, has been suggested to play a role in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC. The present work aimed to explore whether and how RAB26 contributed to the progression of NSCLC. NSCLC cell line A549 was transfection with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or overexpression (Ov) vector to knockdown RAB26 or overexpress SMAD3, respectively. Then the malignant processes of A549 cells including proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8, colony formation, wound-healing, transwell and TUNEL assays, respectively. Expression of proteins involved in these processes was measured by western blot. A549 xenograft mice model was established to confirm the effect of RAB26 silence on NSCLC progression in vivo. The relationship between RAB26 and SMAD3 was analyzed by bioinformatics and then verified by dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. We found that silence of RAB26 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis of A549 cells. In vivo studies revealed that the tumor growth of A549 xenograft was markedly suppressed upon RAB26 silence. Moreover, it was confirmed that SMAD3 bound to the promoter of RAB26 and enhance its expression. Finally, we observed that overexpression of SMAD3 significantly blocked the inhibitory effect of RAB26 silence on NSCLC progression. Collectively, RAB26 may contribute to the progression of NSCLC after being transcriptionally activated by SMAD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingjiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunling Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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6
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Cho CJ, Park D, Mills JC. ELAPOR1 is a secretory granule maturation-promoting factor that is lost during paligenosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G49-G65. [PMID: 34816763 PMCID: PMC8698547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00246.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A single transcription factor, MIST1 (BHLHA15), maximizes secretory function in diverse secretory cells (like pancreatic acinar cells) by transcriptionally upregulating genes that elaborate secretory architecture. Here, we show that the scantly studied MIST1 target, ELAPOR1 (endosome/lysosome-associated apoptosis and autophagy regulator 1), is an evolutionarily conserved, novel mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) domain-containing protein. ELAPOR1 expression was specific to zymogenic cells (ZCs, the MIST1-expressing population in the stomach). ELAPOR1 expression was lost as tissue injury caused ZCs to undergo paligenosis (i.e., to become metaplastic and reenter the cell cycle). In cultured cells, ELAPOR1 trafficked with cis-Golgi resident proteins and with the trans-Golgi and late endosome protein: cation-independent M6PR. Secretory vesicle trafficking was disrupted by expression of ELAPOR1 truncation mutants. Mass spectrometric analysis of co-immunoprecipitated proteins showed ELAPOR1 and CI-M6PR shared many binding partners. However, CI-M6PR and ELAPOR1 must function differently, as CI-M6PR co-immunoprecipitated more lysosomal proteins and was not decreased during paligenosis in vivo. We generated Elapor1-/- mice to determine ELAPOR1 function in vivo. Consistent with in vitro findings, secretory granule maturation was defective in Elapor1-/- ZCs. Our results identify a role for ELAPOR1 in secretory granule maturation and help clarify how a single transcription factor maintains mature exocrine cell architecture in homeostasis and helps dismantle it during paligenosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we find the MIST1 (BHLHA15) transcriptional target ELAPOR1 is an evolutionarily conserved, trans-Golgi/late endosome M6PR domain-containing protein that is specific to gastric zymogenic cells and required for normal secretory granule maturation in human cell lines and in mouse stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Cho
- 1Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dongkook Park
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason C. Mills
- 1Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,3Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,4Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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7
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Shanahan MT, Kanke M, Oyesola OO, Hung YH, Koch-Laskowski K, Singh AP, Peck BCE, Biraud M, Sheahan B, Cortes JE, Gong H, Sahoo DK, Cubitt R, Kurpios NA, Mochel JP, Allenspach K, McElroy SJ, Ding S, von Moltke J, Dekaney CM, Tait-Wojno ED, Sethupathy P. Multiomic analysis defines the first microRNA atlas across all small intestinal epithelial lineages and reveals novel markers of almost all major cell types. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G668-G681. [PMID: 34643097 PMCID: PMC8887887 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00222.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-mediated regulation is critical for the proper development and function of the small intestinal (SI) epithelium. However, it is not known which microRNAs are expressed in each of the cell types of the SI epithelium. To bridge this important knowledge gap, we performed comprehensive microRNA profiling in all major cell types of the mouse SI epithelium. We used flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting with multiple reporter mouse models to isolate intestinal stem cells, enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, tuft cells, and secretory progenitors. We then subjected these cell populations to small RNA-sequencing. The resulting atlas revealed highly enriched microRNA markers for almost every major cell type (https://sethupathy-lab.shinyapps.io/SI_miRNA/). Several of these lineage-enriched microRNAs (LEMs) were observed to be embedded in annotated host genes. We used chromatin-run-on sequencing to determine which of these LEMs are likely cotranscribed with their host genes. We then performed single-cell RNA-sequencing to define the cell type specificity of the host genes and embedded LEMs. We observed that the two most enriched microRNAs in secretory progenitors are miR-1224 and miR-672, the latter of which we found is deleted in hominin species. Finally, using several in vivo models, we established that miR-152 is a Paneth cell-specific microRNA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, first, microRNA atlas (and searchable web server) across all major small intestinal epithelial cell types is presented. We have demonstrated microRNAs that uniquely mark several lineages, including enteroendocrine and tuft. Identification of a key marker of mouse secretory progenitor cells, miR-672, which we show is deleted in humans. We have used several in vivo models to establish miR-152 as a specific marker of Paneth cells, which are highly understudied in terms of microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Shanahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Oyebola O Oyesola
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Kieran Koch-Laskowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ajeet P Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Bailey C E Peck
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mandy Biraud
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Breanna Sheahan
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Josca E Cortes
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Huiyu Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Dipak K Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Rebecca Cubitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Steven J McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher M Dekaney
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elia D Tait-Wojno
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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8
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Radyk MD, Spatz LB, Peña BL, Brown JW, Burclaff J, Cho CJ, Kefalov Y, Shih C, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Mills JC. ATF3 induces RAB7 to govern autodegradation in paligenosis, a conserved cell plasticity program. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51806. [PMID: 34309175 PMCID: PMC8419698 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated cells across multiple species and organs can re-enter the cell cycle to aid in injury-induced tissue regeneration by a cellular program called paligenosis. Here, we show that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is induced early during paligenosis in multiple cellular contexts, transcriptionally activating the lysosomal trafficking gene Rab7b. ATF3 and RAB7B are upregulated in gastric and pancreatic digestive-enzyme-secreting cells at the onset of paligenosis Stage 1, when cells massively induce autophagic and lysosomal machinery to dismantle differentiated cell morphological features. Their expression later ebbs before cells enter mitosis during Stage 3. Atf3-/- mice fail to induce RAB7-positive autophagic and lysosomal vesicles, eventually causing increased death of cells en route to Stage 3. Finally, we observe that ATF3 is expressed in human gastric metaplasia and during paligenotic injury across multiple other organs and species. Thus, our findings indicate ATF3 is an evolutionarily conserved gene orchestrating the early paligenotic autodegradative events that must occur before cells are poised to proliferate and contribute to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Radyk
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Lillian B Spatz
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Bianca L Peña
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Charles J Cho
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Yan Kefalov
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Chien‐Cheng Shih
- Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - James AJ Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology & PhysiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartments of Medicine and PathologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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9
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Liu H, Zhou Y, Qiu H, Zhuang R, Han Y, Liu X, Qiu X, Wang Z, Xu L, Tan R, Hong W, Wang T. Rab26 suppresses migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through mediating autophagic degradation of phosphorylated Src. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:284. [PMID: 33731709 PMCID: PMC7969620 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rab proteins play crucial roles in membrane trafficking. Some Rab proteins are implicated in cancer development through regulating protein sorting or degradation. In this study, we found that the expression of Rab26 is suppressed in the aggressive breast cancer cells as compared to the levels in non-invasive breast cancer cells. Over-expression of Rab26 inhibits cell migration and invasion, while Rab26 knockdown significantly promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Rab26 reduces focal adhesion association of Src kinase and induces endosomal translocation of Src. Further experiments revealed that Rab26 mediates the autophagic degradation of phosphorylated Src through interacting with ATG16L1, consequently, resulting in the suppression of the migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Yuxia Zhou
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Hantian Qiu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhuang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Yang Han
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Xi Qiu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Liju Xu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Ran Tan
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China ,grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A STAR (Agency of ScienceTechnology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Tuanlao Wang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, 361005 Fujian, China
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10
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Witte KE, Slotta C, Lütkemeyer M, Kitke A, Coras R, Simon M, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. PLEKHG5 regulates autophagy, survival and MGMT expression in U251-MG glioblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21858. [PMID: 33318498 PMCID: PMC7736842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A signalling pathway involving PLEKHG5 (guanine exchange factor) for the Ras superfamily member RAB26 to transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in autophagy. PLEKHG5 was reported in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and correlates with patient survival. Thus, the generation of a cellular model for understanding PLEKHG5 signalling is the study purpose. We generated a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of PLEKHG5 in U251-MG glioblastoma cells and analysed resulting changes. Next, we used a mRFP-GFP-LC3+ reporter for visualisation of autophagic defects and rescued the phenotype of PLEKHG5 wildtype via transduction of a constitutively active RAB26QL-plasmid. Effects of overexpressing RAB26 were investigated and correlated with the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and cellular survival. PLEKHG5 knockout showed changes in morphology, loss of filopodia and higher population doubling times. Accumulation of autolysosomes was resulted by decreased LAMP-1 in PLEKHG5-deficient cells. Rescue of PLEKHG5-/- restored the downregulation of RhoA activity, showed faster response to tumour necrosis factor and better cellular fitness. MGMT expression was activated after RAB26 overexpression compared to non-transduced cells. Survival of PLEKHG5 knockout was rescued together with sensitivity to temozolomide by RAB26QL. This study provides new insights in the PLEKHG5/RAB26 signalling within U251-MG cells, which suggests potential therapeutic strategies in other glioma cells and further in primary GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya Elisa Witte
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Research Association of BioMedicine Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Carsten Slotta
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Melanie Lütkemeyer
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Angelika Kitke
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany
- Research Association of BioMedicine Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Research Association of BioMedicine Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Research Association of BioMedicine Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany.
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11
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Thomas DR, Newton P, Lau N, Newton HJ. Interfering with Autophagy: The Opposing Strategies Deployed by Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii Effector Proteins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:599762. [PMID: 33251162 PMCID: PMC7676224 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.599762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental and highly conserved eukaryotic process, responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis and releasing nutrients during times of starvation. An increasingly important function of autophagy is its role in the cell autonomous immune response; a process known as xenophagy. Intracellular pathogens are engulfed by autophagosomes and targeted to lysosomes to eliminate the threat to the host cell. To counteract this, many intracellular bacterial pathogens have developed unique approaches to overcome, evade, or co-opt host autophagy to facilitate a successful infection. The intracellular bacteria Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii are able to avoid destruction by the cell, causing Legionnaires' disease and Q fever, respectively. Despite being related and employing homologous Dot/Icm type 4 secretion systems (T4SS) to translocate effector proteins into the host cell, these pathogens have developed their own unique intracellular niches. L. pneumophila evades the host endocytic pathway and instead forms an ER-derived vacuole, while C. burnetii requires delivery to mature, acidified endosomes which it remodels into a large, replicative vacuole. Throughout infection, L. pneumophila effectors act at multiple points to inhibit recognition by xenophagy receptors and disrupt host autophagy, ensuring it avoids fusion with destructive lysosomes. In contrast, C. burnetii employs its effector cohort to control autophagy, hypothesized to facilitate the delivery of nutrients and membrane to support the growing vacuole and replicating bacteria. In this review we explore the effector proteins that these two organisms utilize to modulate the host autophagy pathway in order to survive and replicate. By better understanding how these pathogens manipulate this highly conserved pathway, we can not only develop better treatments for these important human diseases, but also better understand and control autophagy in the context of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hayley J. Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Comprehensive Analysis of Expression, Clinicopathological Association and Potential Prognostic Significance of RABs in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155580. [PMID: 32759795 PMCID: PMC7432855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RAB proteins (RABs) represent the largest subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases that regulate a wide variety of endosomal membrane transport pathways. Their aberrant expression has been demonstrated in various malignancies and implicated in pathogenesis. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we analyzed the differential expression and clinicopathological association of RAB genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Of the 62 RAB genes analyzed, five (RAB3A, RAB26, RAB25, RAB21, and RAB22A) exhibited statistically significant upregulation, while five (RAB6B, RAB8B, RABL2A, RABL2B, and RAB32) were downregulated in PDAC as compared to the normal pancreas. Racially disparate expression was also reported for RAB3A, RAB25, and RAB26. However, no clear trend of altered expression was observed with increasing stage and grade, age, and gender of the patients. PDAC from occasional drinkers had significantly higher expression of RAB21 compared to daily or weekly drinkers, whereas RAB25 expression was significantly higher in social drinkers, compared to occasional ones. The expression of RABL2A was significantly reduced in PDAC from diabetic patients, whereas RAB26 was significantly lower in pancreatitis patients. More importantly, a significant association of high expression of RAB21, RAB22A, and RAB25, and low expression of RAB6B, RABL2A, and RABL2B was observed with poorer survival of PC patients. Together, our study suggests potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of RABs in PDAC, warranting further investigations to define their functional and mechanistic significance.
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13
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Pan ZN, Pan MH, Sun MH, Li XH, Zhang Y, Sun SC. RAB7 GTPase regulates actin dynamics for DRP1-mediated mitochondria function and spindle migration in mouse oocyte meiosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:9615-9627. [PMID: 32472654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903013r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RAB7 is a small GTPase that belongs to the Rab family, and as a vesicle trafficking factor it is shown to regulate the transport to late endocytic compartments, autophagosome maturation and organelle function. In present study, we showed the critical roles of RAB7 GTPase on actin dynamics and mitochondria function in oocyte meiosis. RAB7 mainly accumulated at cortex and spindle periphery during oocyte maturation. RAB7 depletion caused the failure of polar body extrusion and asymmetric division, and Rab7 exogenous mRNA supplement could rescue the defects caused by RAB7 RNAi. Based on mass spectrometry analysis, we found that RAB7 associated with several actin nucleation factors and mitochondria-related proteins in oocytes. The depletion of RAB7 caused the decrease of actin dynamics, which further affected meiotic spindle migration to the oocyte cortex. In addition, we found that RAB7 could maintain mitochondrial membrane potential and the mitochondrial distribution in mouse oocytes, and this might be due to its effects on the phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser616 domain. Taken together, our data indicated that RAB7 transported actin nucleation factor for actin polarization, which further affected the phosphorylation of DRP1 for mitochondria dynamics and the meiotic spindle migration in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Siadous FA, Cantet F, Van Schaik E, Burette M, Allombert J, Lakhani A, Bonaventure B, Goujon C, Samuel J, Bonazzi M, Martinez E. Coxiella effector protein CvpF subverts RAB26-dependent autophagy to promote vacuole biogenesis and virulence. Autophagy 2020; 17:706-722. [PMID: 32116095 PMCID: PMC8032239 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1728098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of the zoonosis Q fever, replicates inside host cells within a large vacuole displaying autolysosomal characteristics. The development of this compartment is mediated by bacterial effectors, which interfere with a number of host membrane trafficking pathways. By screening a Coxiella transposon mutant library, we observed that transposon insertions in cbu0626 led to intracellular replication and vacuole biogenesis defects. Here, we demonstrate that CBU0626 is a novel member of the Coxiella vacuolar protein (Cvp) family of effector proteins, which is translocated by the Dot/Icm secretion system and localizes to vesicles with autolysosomal features as well as Coxiella-containing vacuoles (CCVs). We thus renamed this effector CvpF for Coxiella vacuolar protein F. CvpF specifically interacts with the host small GTPase RAB26, leading to the recruitment of the autophagosomal marker MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) to CCVs. Importantly, cvpF::Tn mutants were highly attenuated compared to wild-type bacteria in the SCID mouse model of infection, highlighting the importance of CvpF for Coxiella virulence. These results suggest that CvpF manipulates endosomal trafficking and macroautophagy/autophagy induction for optimal C. burnetii vacuole biogenesis. Abbreviations: ACCM: acidified citrate cystein medium; AP: adaptor related protein complex; CCV: Coxiella-containing vacuole; Cvp: Coxiella vacuolar protein; GDI: guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor; GDF: GDI dissociation factor; GEF: guanine exchange factor; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase MTOR complex 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PMA: phorbol myristate acetate; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernande Ayenoue Siadous
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Cantet
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Erin Van Schaik
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Mélanie Burette
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Allombert
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anissa Lakhani
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Bonaventure
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Goujon
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - James Samuel
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Matteo Bonazzi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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15
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Endothelial Cell Inflammation and Barriers Are Regulated by the Rab26-Mediated Balance between β2-AR and TLR4 in Pulmonary Microvessel Endothelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7538071. [PMID: 31182932 PMCID: PMC6512073 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7538071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab26 GTPase modulates the trafficking of cell surface receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors including α2-adrenergic receptors in some cell types. However, the effect of Rab26 on β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) trafficking or/and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) is still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Rab26 in regulating the expression of β2-ARs and TLR4 in HPMECs and the effect of these receptors' imbalance on endothelial cell barrier function. The results showed that there was unbalance expression in these receptors, where β2-AR expression was remarkably reduced, and TLR4 was increased on the cell membrane after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Furthermore, we found that Rab26 overexpression not only upregulated β2-ARs but also downregulated TLR4 expression on the cell membrane. Subsequently, the TLR4-related inflammatory response was greatly attenuated, and the hyperpermeability of HPMECs also was partially relived. Taken together, these data suggest that basal Rab26 maintains the balance between β2-ARs and TLR4 on the cell surface, and it might be a potential therapeutic target for diseases involving endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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16
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Wei F, Duan Y. Crosstalk between Autophagy and Nanomaterials: Internalization, Activation, Termination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:e1800259. [PMID: 32627344 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are comprehensively applied in biomedicine due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Autophagy, as an evolutionarily conserved cellular quality control process, is closely associated with the effect of NMs on cells. In this review, the recent advances in NM-induced/inhibited autophagy (NM-phagy) are summarized, with an aim to present a comprehensive description of the mechanisms of NM-phagy from the perspective of internalization, activation, and termination, thereby bridging autophagy and nanomaterials. Several possible mechanisms are extensively reviewed including the endocytosis pathway of NMs and the related cross components (clathrin and adaptor protein 2 (AP-2), adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), Rab, UV radiation resistance associated gene (UVRAG)), three main stress mechanisms (oxidative stress, damaged organelles stress, and toxicity stress), and several signal pathway-related molecules. The mechanistic insight is beneficial to understand the autophagic response to NMs or NMs' regulation of autophagy. The challenges currently encountered and research trend in the field of NM-phagy are also highlighted. It is hoped that the NM-phagy discussion in this review with the focus on the mechanistic aspects may serve as a guideline for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujing Wei
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-enviroment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-enviroment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
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17
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Dong W, He B, Qian H, Liu Q, Wang D, Li J, Wei Z, Wang Z, Xu Z, Wu G, Qian G, Wang G. RAB26-dependent autophagy protects adherens junctional integrity in acute lung injury. Autophagy 2018; 14:1677-1692. [PMID: 29965781 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1476811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular barrier dysfunction is the central pathophysiological feature of acute lung injury (ALI). RAB26 is a newly identified small GTPase involved in the regulation of endothelial cell (EC) permeability. However, the mechanism behind this protection has not been clearly elucidated. Here we found that RAB26 promoted the integrity of adherens junctions (AJs) in a macroautophagy/autophagy-dependent manner in ALI. RAB26 is frequently downregulated in mouse lungs after LPS treatment. Mice lacking Rab26 exhibited phosphorylated SRC expression and increased CDH5/VE-cadherin phosphorylation, leading to AJ destruction. rab26-null mice showed further aggravation of the effects of endotoxin insult on lung vascular permeability and water content. Depletion of RAB26 resulted in upregulation of phosphorylated SRC, enhancement of CDH5 phosphorylation, and aggravation of CDH5 internalization, thereby weakening AJ integrity and endothelial barrier function in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). RAB26 overexpression caused active interaction between SRC and the autophagy marker LC3-II and promoted degradation of phosphorylated SRC. Furthermore, RAB26 was involved in a direct and activation-dependent manner in autophagy induction through interaction with ATG16L1 in its GTP-bound form. These findings demonstrate that RAB26 exerts a protective effect on endothelial cell (EC) permeability, which is in part dependent on autophagic targeting of active SRC, and the resultant CDH5 dephosphorylation maintains AJ stabilization. Thus, RAB26-mediated autophagic targeting of phosphorylated SRC can maintain barrier integrity when flux through the RAB26-SRC pathway is protected. These findings suggest that activation of RAB26-SRC signaling provides a new therapeutic opportunity to prevent vascular leakage in ALI. ABBREVIATIONS AJs: adherens junctions; ALI: acute lung injury; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG12: autophagy related 12; ATG 16L1: autophagy related 16 like; 1 BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluidCQ: chloroquine; Ctrl: control; EC: endothelial cell; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HA-tagged; RAB26WT: HA-tagged wild-type; RAB26 HA-tagged; RAB26QL: HA-tagged; RAB26Q123LHA-tagged; RAB26NI: HA-tagged; RAB26N177IHPMECs: human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells; H&E: hematoxylin & eosin; IgG: immunoglobulin; GIF: immunofluorescence; IP: immunoprecipitationi;. p.: intraperitoneal; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; PBS: phosphate-buffered salinesi; RNA: small interfering;RNASQSTM1/p62, sequestosome; 1TBS: Tris-buffered saline; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; WB: western blot; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Dong
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Binfeng He
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Hang Qian
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Qian Liu
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dong Wang
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jin Li
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Zhenghua Wei
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Zi Wang
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Zhi Xu
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , Georgia , USA
| | - Guisheng Qian
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Guansong Wang
- a Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
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18
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Banworth MJ, Li G. Consequences of Rab GTPase dysfunction in genetic or acquired human diseases. Small GTPases 2018. [PMID: 29239692 DOI: 10.1080/215412481397833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases are important regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. Both activating and inactivating mutations in Rab genes have been identified and implicated in human diseases ranging from neurological disorders to cancer. In addition, altered Rab expression is often associated with disease prognosis. As such, the study of diseases associated with Rabs or Rab-interacting proteins has shed light on the important role of intracellular membrane trafficking in disease etiology. In this review, we cover recent advances in the field with an emphasis on cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellus J Banworth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Guangpu Li
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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19
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Banworth MJ, Li G. Consequences of Rab GTPase dysfunction in genetic or acquired human diseases. Small GTPases 2017; 9:158-181. [PMID: 29239692 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1397833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases are important regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. Both activating and inactivating mutations in Rab genes have been identified and implicated in human diseases ranging from neurological disorders to cancer. In addition, altered Rab expression is often associated with disease prognosis. As such, the study of diseases associated with Rabs or Rab-interacting proteins has shed light on the important role of intracellular membrane trafficking in disease etiology. In this review, we cover recent advances in the field with an emphasis on cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellus J Banworth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Guangpu Li
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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20
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Packaging and transfer of mitochondrial DNA via exosomes regulate escape from dormancy in hormonal therapy-resistant breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9066-E9075. [PMID: 29073103 PMCID: PMC5664494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704862114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can transfer genetic material to recipient cells. However, the mechanism and role of this phenomenon are largely unknown. Here we have made a remarkable discovery: EVs can harbor the full mitochondrial genome. These extracellular vesicles can in turn transfer their mtDNA to cells with impaired metabolism, leading to restoration of metabolic activity. We determined that hormonal therapy induces oxidative phosphorylation-deficient breast cancer cells, which can be rescued via the transfer of mtDNA-laden extracellular vesicles. Horizontal transfer of mtDNA occurred in cancer stem-like cells and was associated with increased self-renewal potential of these cells, leading to resistance to hormonal therapy. We propose that mtDNA transfer occurs in human cancer via EVs. The horizontal transfer of mtDNA and its role in mediating resistance to therapy and an exit from dormancy have never been investigated. Here we identified the full mitochondrial genome in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from patients with hormonal therapy-resistant (HTR) metastatic breast cancer. We generated xenograft models of HTR metastatic disease characterized by EVs in the peripheral circulation containing mtDNA. Moreover, these human HTR cells had acquired host-derived (murine) mtDNA promoting estrogen receptor-independent oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Functional studies identified cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived EVs (from patients and xenograft models) laden with whole genomic mtDNA as a mediator of this phenotype. Specifically, the treatment of hormone therapy (HT)-naive cells or HT-treated metabolically dormant populations with CAF-derived mtDNAhi EVs promoted an escape from metabolic quiescence and HTR disease both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, this phenotype was associated with the acquisition of EV mtDNA, especially in cancer stem-like cells, expression of EV mtRNA, and restoration of OXPHOS. In summary, we have demonstrated that the horizontal transfer of mtDNA from EVs acts as an oncogenic signal promoting an exit from dormancy of therapy-induced cancer stem-like cells and leading to endocrine therapy resistance in OXPHOS-dependent breast cancer.
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Liu AP, Botelho RJ, Antonescu CN. The big and intricate dreams of little organelles: Embracing complexity in the study of membrane traffic. Traffic 2017; 18:567-579. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Biophysics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- The Graduate Program in Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University Toronto Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- The Graduate Program in Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University Toronto Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Canada
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22
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Li H, He B, Liu X, Li J, Liu Q, Dong W, Xu Z, Qian G, Zuo H, Hu C, Qian H, Mao C, Wang G. Regulation on Toll-like Receptor 4 and Cell Barrier Function by Rab26 siRNA-loaded DNA Nanovector in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2537-2554. [PMID: 28744333 PMCID: PMC5525755 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab26 is involved in multiple processes, such as vesicle-mediated secretion and autophagy. However, the mechanisms and functions of Rab26 in the human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) are not clear. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the role and novel mechanism of Rab26 in permeability and apoptosis of HPMVECs using a self-assembled Rab26 siRNA loaded DNA Y-motif nanoparticle (siRab26-DYM) and Rab26 adenovirus. We found that siRab26-DYM could be efficiently transfected into HPMVECs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Importantly, the siRab26-DYM nanovector markedly aggravated the LPS-induced apoptosis and hyper-permeability of HPMVECs by promoting the nuclear translocation of Foxo1, and subsequent activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway. Overexpression of Rab26 by Rab26 adenoviruses partially inactivated LPS-induced TLR4 signaling pathway, suppressed the cell apoptosis and attenuated the hyperpermeability of HPMVECs. These results suggest that the permeability and apoptosis of HPMVECs can be modulated by manipulating Rab26 derived TLR4 signaling pathway, and that Rab26 can be potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular diseases related to endothelial barrier functions.
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Takahashi K, Mashima H, Miura K, Maeda D, Goto A, Goto T, Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y, Ohnishi H. Disruption of Small GTPase Rab7 Exacerbates the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis in Experimental Mouse Models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2817. [PMID: 28588238 PMCID: PMC5460112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aberrations of intracellular vesicle transport systems towards lysosomes including autophagy and endocytosis are involved in the onset and progression of acute pancreatitis, the molecular mechanisms underlying such aberrations remain unclear. The pathways of autophagy and endocytosis are closely related, and Rab7 plays crucial roles in both. In this study, we analyzed the function of Rab7 in acute pancreatitis using pancreas-specific Rab7 knockout (Rab7Δpan) mice. In Rab7Δpan pancreatic acinar cells, the maturation steps of both endosomes and autophagosomes were deteriorated, and the lysosomal functions were affected. In experimental models of acute pancreatitis, the histopathological severity, serum amylase concentration and intra-pancreatic trypsin activity were significantly higher in Rab7Δpan mice than in wild-type mice. Furthermore, the autophagy process was blocked in Rab7Δpan pancreas compared with wild-type mice. In addition, larger autophagic vacuoles that colocalize with early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) but not with lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1 were much more frequently formed in Rab7Δpan pancreatic acinar cells. Accordingly, Rab7 deficiency exacerbates the severity of acute pancreatitis by impairing the autophagic and endocytic pathways toward lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hirosato Mashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takashi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Science, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohide Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanagawa, Japan.
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24
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Golgi trafficking defects in postnatal microcephaly: The evidence for “Golgipathies”. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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A single transcription factor is sufficient to induce and maintain secretory cell architecture. Genes Dev 2017; 31:154-171. [PMID: 28174210 PMCID: PMC5322730 DOI: 10.1101/gad.285684.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, Lo et al. demonstrate that cell architecture can be controlled by a developmentally regulated transcriptional program independent of the program that specifies cell identity. They show that MIST1 (BHLHA15) is a “scaling factor” that universally establishes secretory morphology in cells that perform regulated secretion, and targeted deletion of MIST1 causes dismantling of the secretory apparatus of diverse exocrine cells. We hypothesized that basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) MIST1 (BHLHA15) is a “scaling factor” that universally establishes secretory morphology in cells that perform regulated secretion. Here, we show that targeted deletion of MIST1 caused dismantling of the secretory apparatus of diverse exocrine cells. Parietal cells (PCs), whose function is to pump acid into the stomach, normally lack MIST1 and do not perform regulated secretion. Forced expression of MIST1 in PCs caused them to expand their apical cytoplasm, rearrange mitochondrial/lysosome trafficking, and generate large secretory granules. Mist1 induced a cohort of genes regulated by MIST1 in multiple organs but did not affect PC function. MIST1 bound CATATG/CAGCTG E boxes in the first intron of genes that regulate autophagosome/lysosomal degradation, mitochondrial trafficking, and amino acid metabolism. Similar alterations in cell architecture and gene expression were also caused by ectopically inducing MIST1 in vivo in hepatocytes. Thus, MIST1 is a scaling factor necessary and sufficient by itself to induce and maintain secretory cell architecture. Our results indicate that, whereas mature cell types in each organ may have unique developmental origins, cells performing similar physiological functions throughout the body share similar transcription factor-mediated architectural “blueprints.”
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26
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration in Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:116-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Transcriptional Maintenance of Pancreatic Acinar Identity, Differentiation, and Homeostasis by PTF1A. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:3033-3047. [PMID: 27697859 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00358-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cell type identity is crucial for health, yet little is known of the regulation that sustains the long-term stability of differentiated phenotypes. To investigate the roles that key transcriptional regulators play in adult differentiated cells, we examined the effects of depletion of the developmental master regulator PTF1A on the specialized phenotype of the adult pancreatic acinar cell in vivo Transcriptome sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing results showed that PTF1A maintains the expression of genes for all cellular processes dedicated to the production of the secretory digestive enzymes, a highly attuned surveillance of unfolded proteins, and a heightened unfolded protein response (UPR). Control by PTF1A is direct on target genes and indirect through a ten-member transcription factor network. Depletion of PTF1A causes an imbalance that overwhelms the UPR, induces cellular injury, and provokes acinar metaplasia. Compromised cellular identity occurs by derepression of characteristic stomach genes, some of which are also associated with pancreatic ductal cells. The loss of acinar cell homeostasis, differentiation, and identity is directly relevant to the pathologies of pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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28
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van Bergeijk P, Hoogenraad CC, Kapitein LC. Right Time, Right Place: Probing the Functions of Organelle Positioning. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 26:121-134. [PMID: 26541125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The proper spatial arrangement of organelles underlies many cellular processes including signaling, polarization, and growth. Despite the importance of local positioning, the precise connection between subcellular localization and organelle function is often not fully understood. To address this, recent studies have developed and employed different strategies to directly manipulate organelle distributions, such as the use of (light-sensitive) heterodimerization to control the interaction between selected organelles and specific motor proteins, adaptor molecules, or anchoring factors. We review here the importance of subcellular localization as well as tools to control local organelle positioning. Because these approaches allow spatiotemporal control of organelle distribution, they will be invaluable tools to unravel local functioning and the mechanisms that control positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra van Bergeijk
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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29
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Lai YC, Kondapalli C, Lehneck R, Procter JB, Dill BD, Woodroof HI, Gourlay R, Peggie M, Macartney TJ, Corti O, Corvol JC, Campbell DG, Itzen A, Trost M, Muqit MM. Phosphoproteomic screening identifies Rab GTPases as novel downstream targets of PINK1. EMBO J 2015; 34:2840-61. [PMID: 26471730 PMCID: PMC4654935 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are causative of autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). We have previously reported that PINK1 is activated by mitochondrial depolarisation and phosphorylates serine 65 (Ser65) of the ubiquitin ligase Parkin and ubiquitin to stimulate Parkin E3 ligase activity. Here, we have employed quantitative phosphoproteomics to search for novel PINK1‐dependent phosphorylation targets in HEK (human embryonic kidney) 293 cells stimulated by mitochondrial depolarisation. This led to the identification of 14,213 phosphosites from 4,499 gene products. Whilst most phosphosites were unaffected, we strikingly observed three members of a sub‐family of Rab GTPases namely Rab8A, 8B and 13 that are all phosphorylated at the highly conserved residue of serine 111 (Ser111) in response to PINK1 activation. Using phospho‐specific antibodies raised against Ser111 of each of the Rabs, we demonstrate that Rab Ser111 phosphorylation occurs specifically in response to PINK1 activation and is abolished in HeLa PINK1 knockout cells and mutant PINK1 PD patient‐derived fibroblasts stimulated by mitochondrial depolarisation. We provide evidence that Rab8A GTPase Ser111 phosphorylation is not directly regulated by PINK1 in vitro and demonstrate in cells the time course of Ser111 phosphorylation of Rab8A, 8B and 13 is markedly delayed compared to phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser65. We further show mechanistically that phosphorylation at Ser111 significantly impairs Rab8A activation by its cognate guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), Rabin8 (by using the Ser111Glu phosphorylation mimic). These findings provide the first evidence that PINK1 is able to regulate the phosphorylation of Rab GTPases and indicate that monitoring phosphorylation of Rab8A/8B/13 at Ser111 may represent novel biomarkers of PINK1 activity in vivo. Our findings also suggest that disruption of Rab GTPase‐mediated signalling may represent a major mechanism in the neurodegenerative cascade of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiang Lai
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chandana Kondapalli
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ronny Lehneck
- Centre for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemistry Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - James B Procter
- Division of Computational Biology, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Brian D Dill
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Helen I Woodroof
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Mark Peggie
- Division of Signal Transduction Therapy, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Division of Signal Transduction Therapy, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Olga Corti
- Inserm U 1127, Paris, France CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ICM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Inserm U 1127, Paris, France CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ICM, Paris, France Inserm Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC), Paris, France AP-HP, Département des maladies du système nerveux, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David G Campbell
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Aymelt Itzen
- Centre for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemistry Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Trost
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Miratul Mk Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences University of Dundee, Dundee, UK College of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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30
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Shilkaitis A, Green A, Christov K. Retinoids induce cellular senescence in breast cancer cells by RAR-β dependent and independent pathways: Potential clinical implications (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 47:35-42. [PMID: 25997921 PMCID: PMC4485653 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies on cellular senescence (CS) have been performed in vitro by employing cytotoxic agents, irradiation, chromatin and telomerase modulators or by activating certain oncogenes. All these approaches usually lead to DNA damage, gene instability and/or chromatin alterations that primarily affect p53-p21 signaling. Little is known on whether retinoids and rexinoids, which are cell differentiation agents, can also induce CS in vitro and in vivo, and which molecular mechanisms are involved in promoting the senescent phenotype. We reviewed the recent publications on CS induced by retinoids and rexinoids in ER+ and ER− breast cancer cell lines and in corresponding animal models of mammary carcinogenesis which simulate those of human breast cancer. The role of retinoic acid receptors β2 and 5 (RARβ2 and RARβ5) and of receptor independent genes involved in mediating the senescence program of retinoids and rexinoids in ER+ and ER− breast cancer cells is discussed. Potential strategists for clinical implication of CS as biomarker of prognosis and of response to treatment with retinoids, rexinoids and with other cell differentiation and antitumor agents are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Shilkaitis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Albert Green
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Konstantin Christov
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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31
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Binotti B, Pavlos NJ, Riedel D, Wenzel D, Vorbrüggen G, Schalk AM, Kühnel K, Boyken J, Erck C, Martens H, Chua JJE, Jahn R. The GTPase Rab26 links synaptic vesicles to the autophagy pathway. eLife 2015; 4:e05597. [PMID: 25643395 PMCID: PMC4337689 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases of the Rab family not only regulate target recognition in membrane traffic but also control other cellular functions such as cytoskeletal transport and autophagy. Here we show that Rab26 is specifically associated with clusters of synaptic vesicles in neurites. Overexpression of active but not of GDP-preferring Rab26 enhances vesicle clustering, which is particularly conspicuous for the EGFP-tagged variant, resulting in a massive accumulation of synaptic vesicles in neuronal somata without altering the distribution of other organelles. Both endogenous and induced clusters co-localize with autophagy-related proteins such as Atg16L1, LC3B and Rab33B but not with other organelles. Furthermore, Atg16L1 appears to be a direct effector of Rab26 and binds Rab26 in its GTP-bound form, albeit only with low affinity. We propose that Rab26 selectively directs synaptic and secretory vesicles into preautophagosomal structures, suggesting the presence of a novel pathway for degradation of synaptic vesicles. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05597.001 Our brain contains billions of cells called neurons that form an extensive network through which information is readily exchanged. These cells connect to each other via junctions called synapses. Our developing brain starts off with far more synapses than it needs, but the excess synapses are destroyed as the brain matures. Even in adults, synapses are continuously made and destroyed in response to experiences and learning. Inside neurons there are tiny bubble-like compartments called vesicles that supply the synapses with many of the proteins and other components that they need. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests these vesicles are rapidly destroyed once a synapse is earmarked for destruction, but it is not clear how this may occur. Here, Binotti, Pavlos et al. found that a protein called Rab26 sits on the surface of the vesicles near synapses. This protein promotes the formation of clusters of vesicles, and a membrane sometimes surrounds these clusters. Further experiments indicate that several proteins involved in a process called autophagy—where unwanted proteins and debris are destroyed—may also be found around the clusters of vesicles. Autophagy starts with the formation of a membrane around the material that needs to be destroyed. This seals the material off from rest of the cell so that enzymes can safely break it down. Binotti, Pavlos et al. found that one of the autophagy proteins—called Atg16L—can bind directly to Rab26, but only when Rab26 is in an ‘active’ state. These findings suggest that excess vesicles at synapses may be destroyed by autophagy. Further work will be required to establish how this process is controlled and how it is involved in the loss of synapses. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05597.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyenech Binotti
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Facility for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wenzel
- Facility for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Vorbrüggen
- Research Group Molecular Cell Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amanda M Schalk
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Kühnel
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janina Boyken
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - John J E Chua
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Jahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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