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Gottardo M, Riparbelli MG, Callaini G, Megraw TL. Evidence for intraflagellar transport in butterfly spermatocyte cilia. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:112-122. [PMID: 37036073 PMCID: PMC10330035 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
In the model organism insect Drosophila melanogaster short cilia assemble on spermatocytes that elaborate into 1.8 mm long flagella during spermatid differentiation. A unique feature of these cilia/flagella is their lack of dependence on intraflagellar transport (IFT) for their assembly. Here, we show that in the common butterfly Pieris brassicae, the spermatocyte cilia are exceptionally long: about 40 μm compared to less than 1 μm in Drosophila. By transmission electron microscopy, we show that P. brassicae spermatocytes display several features not found in melanogaster, including compelling evidence of IFT structures and features of motile cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
- These Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maria Giovanna Riparbelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
- These Authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Timothy L. Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
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2
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Riparbelli MG, Persico V, Dallai R, Callaini G. Centrioles and Ciliary Structures during Male Gametogenesis in Hexapoda: Discovery of New Models. Cells 2020; 9:E744. [PMID: 32197383 PMCID: PMC7140630 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are-widely conserved barrel-shaped organelles present in most organisms. They are indirectly involved in the organization of the cytoplasmic microtubules both in interphase and during the cell division by recruiting the molecules needed for microtubule nucleation. Moreover, the centrioles are required to assemble cilia and flagella by the direct elongation of their microtubule wall. Due to the importance of the cytoplasmic microtubules in several aspects of the cell life, any defect in centriole structure can lead to cell abnormalities that in humans may result in significant diseases. Many aspects of the centriole dynamics and function have been clarified in the last years, but little attention has been paid to the exceptions in centriole structure that occasionally appeared within the animal kingdom. Here, we focused our attention on non-canonical aspects of centriole architecture within the Hexapoda. The Hexapoda is one of the major animal groups and represents a good laboratory in which to examine the evolution and the organization of the centrioles. Although these findings represent obvious exceptions to the established rules of centriole organization, they may contribute to advance our understanding of the formation and the function of these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Riparbelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Veronica Persico
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Giuliano Callaini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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3
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Jo KH, Jaiswal A, Khanal S, Fishman EL, Curry AN, Avidor-Reiss T. Poc1B and Sas-6 Function Together during the Atypical Centriole Formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080841. [PMID: 31387336 PMCID: PMC6721650 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects and mammals have atypical centrioles in their sperm. However, it is unclear how these atypical centrioles form. Drosophila melanogaster sperm has one typical centriole called the giant centriole (GC) and one atypical centriole called the proximal centriole-like structure (PCL). During early sperm development, centriole duplication factors such as Ana2 and Sas-6 are recruited to the GC base to initiate PCL formation. The centriolar protein, Poc1B, is also recruited at this initiation stage, but its precise role during PCL formation is unclear. Here, we show that Poc1B recruitment was dependent on Sas-6, that Poc1B had effects on cellular and PCL Sas-6, and that Poc1B and Sas-6 were colocalized in the PCL/centriole core. These findings suggest that Sas-6 and Poc1B interact during PCL formation. Co-overexpression of Ana2 and Sas-6 induced the formation of ectopic particles that contained endogenous Poc1 proteins and were composed of PCL-like structures. These structures were disrupted in Poc1 mutant flies, suggesting that Poc1 proteins stabilize the PCL-like structures. Lastly, Poc1B and Sas-6 co-overexpression also induced the formation of PCL-like structures, suggesting that they can function together during the formation of the PCL. Overall, our findings suggest that Poc1B and Sas-6 function together during PCL formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung H Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Ankit Jaiswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Emily L Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Alaina N Curry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA.
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Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a feature of multiple tumour types and has been postulated to contribute to both tumour initiation and tumour progression. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which an increase in centrosome number might lead to an increase or decrease in tumour progression and the role of proteins that regulate centrosome number in driving tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Bose
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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5
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Gupta A, Kitagawa D. Ultrastructural diversity between centrioles of eukaryotes. J Biochem 2018; 164:1-8. [PMID: 29462371 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several decades of centriole research have revealed the beautiful symmetry present in these microtubule-based organelles, which are required to form centrosomes, cilia and flagella in many eukaryotes. Centriole architecture is largely conserved across most organisms; however, individual centriolar features such as the central cartwheel or microtubule walls exhibit considerable variability when examined with finer resolution. In this paper, we review the ultrastructural characteristics of centrioles in commonly studied organisms, highlighting the subtle and not-so-subtle differences between specific structural components of these centrioles. In addition, we survey some non-canonical centriole structures that have been discovered in various species, from the coaxial bicentrioles of protists and lower land plants to the giant irregular centrioles of the fungus gnat Sciara. Finally, we speculate on the functional significance of these differences between centrioles, and the contribution of individual structural elements such as the cartwheel or microtubules towards the stability of centrioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshari Gupta
- Division of Centrosome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daiju Kitagawa
- Division of Centrosome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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6
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Guichard P, Hamel V, Gönczy P. The Rise of the Cartwheel: Seeding the Centriole Organelle. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700241. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Guichard
- Department of Cell Biology; University of Geneva Sciences III Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Cell Biology; University of Geneva Sciences III Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- School of Life Sciences; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC); Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne; Switzerland
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Riparbelli MG, Gottardo M, Callaini G. Parthenogenesis in Insects: The Centriole Renaissance. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 63:435-479. [PMID: 28779329 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Building a new organism usually requires the contribution of two differently shaped haploid cells, the male and female gametes, each providing its genetic material to restore diploidy of the new born zygote. The successful execution of this process requires defined sequential steps that must be completed in space and time. Otherwise, development fails. Relevant among the earlier steps are pronuclear migration and formation of the first mitotic spindle that promote the mixing of parental chromosomes and the formation of the zygotic nucleus. A complex microtubule network ensures the proper execution of these processes. Instrumental to microtubule organization and bipolar spindle assembly is a distinct non-membranous organelle, the centrosome. Centrosome inheritance during fertilization is biparental, since both gametes provide essential components to build a functional centrosome. This model does not explain, however, centrosome formation during parthenogenetic development, a special mode of sexual reproduction in which the unfertilized egg develops without the contribution of the male gamete. Moreover, whereas fertilization is a relevant example in which the cells actively check the presence of only one centrosome, to avoid multipolar spindle formation, the development of parthenogenetic eggs is ensured, at least in insects, by the de novo assembly of multiple centrosomes.Here, we will focus our attention on the assembly of functional centrosomes following fertilization and during parthenogenetic development in insects. Parthenogenetic development in which unfertilized eggs are naturally depleted of centrosomes would provide a useful experimental system to investigate centriole assembly and duplication together with centrosome formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliano Callaini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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8
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Gottardo M, Dallai R, Mercati D, Hörnschemeyer T, Beutel RG. The evolution of insect sperm − an unusual character system in a megadiverse group. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences; Università degli Studi di Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences; Università degli Studi di Siena; Siena Italy
| | - David Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences; Università degli Studi di Siena; Siena Italy
| | | | - Rolf Georg Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Jena Germany
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9
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Gottardo M, Callaini G, Riparbelli MG. Structural characterization of procentrioles in Drosophila spermatids. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:576-84. [PMID: 26492851 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Male gametogenesis in insects is unusual in that the centrioles do not duplicate during the second meiosis and the differentiating spermatids inherit only one centriole. Here it is showed that a distinct procentriole is assembled close to the proximal region of the centriole in early S13 spermatids at the onion stage, confirming previous reports of a proximal centriole-like structure at the proximal end of the spermatid centriole. However, the procentrioles of Drosophila spermatids do not behave like true procentrioles, but their development is blocked at an early stage before the assembly of a complete A-tubule set. Therefore, they may represent early frozen stages of procentriole assembly that do not develop further and eventually disappear in late spermatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via a. Moro 4, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Giuliano Callaini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via a. Moro 4, Siena, 53100, Italy
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10
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Shukla A, Kong D, Sharma M, Magidson V, Loncarek J. Plk1 relieves centriole block to reduplication by promoting daughter centriole maturation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8077. [PMID: 26293378 PMCID: PMC4560806 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome overduplication promotes mitotic abnormalities, invasion and tumorigenesis. Cells regulate the number of centrosomes by limiting centriole duplication to once per cell cycle. The orthogonal orientation between a mother and a daughter centriole, established at the time of centriole duplication, is thought to block further duplication of the mother centriole. Loss of orthogonal orientation (disengagement) between two centrioles during anaphase is considered a licensing event for the next round of centriole duplication. Disengagement requires the activity of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), but how Plk1 drives this process is not clear. Here we employ correlative live/electron microscopy and demonstrate that Plk1 induces maturation and distancing of the daughter centriole, allowing reduplication of the mother centriole even if the original daughter centriole is still orthogonal to it. We find that mother centrioles can undergo reduplication when original daughter centrioles are only ∼80 nm apart, which is the distance centrioles normally reach during prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Shukla
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, 1050 Boyles Street, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, 1050 Boyles Street, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Meena Sharma
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, 1050 Boyles Street, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Res Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, 1050 Boyles Street, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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11
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Chen JV, Megraw TL. Mother centrioles do a cartwheel to produce just one daughter. Dev Cell 2014; 30:111-2. [PMID: 25073149 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Developmental Cell, Fong et al. (2014) present evidence for a model of centriole duplication whereby the cartwheel-the starting building block in centriole biogenesis-assembles within the lumen of the mother centriole before templating the daughter centriole to ensure a single duplication event per cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyan V Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
| | - Timothy L Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
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