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Sharma D, Pawar SN, Sulkshane P, Waghole R, Yasser M, Pawar SS, Kannan S, Chaudhary N, Kalwar A, Patil R, Nair S, Dalal SN, Teni T. Elevated translationally controlled tumour protein promotes oral cancer progression and poor outcome. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:849-859. [PMID: 37573872 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) is a multifunctional protein elevated in multiple cancers. However, studies on its role in oral carcinogenesis and prognosis are rare. We recently reported the role of its interacting partner, MCL1, in oral cancer progression and outcome. Hence, the present study aimed to assess TCTP expression in oral tumorigenesis and its association with patient outcomes alone and in combination with MCL1. METHODS TCTP expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in oral tissues and cells, respectively. Cell viability post siRNA/dihydroartemisinin treatment was analysed by tetrazolium salt assay. Cell survival, invasion and tumorigenic potential post TCTP knockdown were assessed by clonogenic, Matrigel and soft-agar assays, respectively. The association of TCTP with patient outcome was analysed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. RESULTS TCTP was significantly overexpressed in oral premalignant lesions (p < 0.0001), oral tumours (p < 0.0001) and oral dysplastic and cancer cells versus normal oral mucosa and also in recurrent (p < 0.05) versus non-recurrent oral tumours. Further, elevated TCTP was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with poor recurrence free survival (RFS) and poor overall survival (OS; hazard ratio = 2.29; p < 0.05). Intriguingly, the high co-expression of TCTP and MCL1 further reduced the RFS (p < 0.05) and OS (p < 0.05; hazard-ratio = 3.49; p < 0.05). Additionally, TCTP knockdown decreased survival (p < 0.05), invasion (p < 0.01) and in vitro tumorigenic potential (p < 0.0001). Dihydroartemisinin treatment reduced TCTP levels and viability of oral cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate an oncogenic role of TCTP in oral cancer progression and poor outcome. Thus, TCTP may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Sharma
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sagar N Pawar
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Sulkshane
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Waghole
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mohd Yasser
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sushil S Pawar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, India
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Clinical Research Secretariat, ACTREC, TMC, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nazia Chaudhary
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Cell and Tumor Biology, ACTREC, TMC, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Anjali Kalwar
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Cell and Tumor Biology, ACTREC, TMC, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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Chaudhary N, Joshi N, Doloi R, Shivashankar A, Thorat R, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 loss leads to an increase in autophagy and radio-resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 620:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Raghavan R, Koyande N, Beher R, Chetlangia N, Ramadwar M, Pawade S, Thorat R, van Hengel J, Sklyarova T, van Roy F, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 loss leads to increased adenoma formation and rectal prolapse in APC min mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 586:14-19. [PMID: 34823217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plakophilin3 (PKP3) loss leads to tumor progression and metastasis of colon cancer cells. The goal of this report was to determine if PKP3 loss led to increased disease progression in mice. We generated a colonocyte-specific knockout of PKP3 in APCmin mice, which led to increased adenoma formation, the formation of rectal prolapse, and a significant decrease in survival. The observed increase in rectal prolapse formation and decrease in survival correlated with an increase in the expression of Lipocalin2 (LCN2). Increased disease progression was observed even upon treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5FU). These results suggest that an increase in LCN2 expression might lead to therapy resistance and that LCN2 might serve as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Raghavan
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Navami Koyande
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Rohit Beher
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Neha Chetlangia
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Mukda Ramadwar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Shital Pawade
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center of Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tetyana Sklyarova
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center of Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Medical Oncology, Oncology Research Centre, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frans van Roy
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center of Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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4
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Narasimhan M, Khamkar V, Tilwani S, Dalal SN, Shetty D, Subramanian PG, Gupta S, Govekar R. Atypical activation of signaling downstream of inactivated Bcr-Abl mediates chemoresistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:207-222. [PMID: 34596797 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) epitomises successful targeted therapy, where inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity of oncoprotein Bcr-Abl1 by imatinib, induces remission in 86% patients in initial chronic phase (CP). However, in acute phase of blast crisis, 80% patients show resistance, 40% among them despite inhibition of Bcr-Abl1 activity. This implies activation of either Bcr-Abl1- independent signalling pathways or restoration of signalling downstream of inactive Bcr-Abl1. In the present study, mass spectrometry and subsequent in silico pathway analysis of differentiators in resistant CML-CP cells identified key differentiators, 14-3-3ε and p38 MAPK, which belong to Bcr-Abl1 pathway. Their levels and activity respectively, indicated active Bcr-Abl1 pathway in CML-BC resistant cells, though Bcr-Abl1 is inhibited by imatinib. Further, contribution of these components to resistance was demonstrated by inhibition of Bcr-Abl1 down-stream signalling by knocking-out of 14-3-3ε and inhibition of p38 MAPK activity. The observations merit clinical validation to explore their translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythreyi Narasimhan
- Rukmini Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Vaishnavi Khamkar
- Rukmini Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sarika Tilwani
- Sorab Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Sorab Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Dhanlaxmi Shetty
- Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, , ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - P G Subramanian
- Hematopathology Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Gupta Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Rukmini Govekar
- Rukmini Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Chaudhary N, Choudhary BS, Shah SG, Khapare N, Dwivedi N, Gaikwad A, Joshi N, Raichanna J, Basu S, Gurjar M, P K S, Saklani A, Gera P, Ramadwar M, Patil P, Thorat R, Gota V, Dhar SK, Gupta S, Das M, Dalal SN. Lipocalin 2 expression promotes tumor progression and therapy resistance by inhibiting ferroptosis in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1495-1511. [PMID: 34146401 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 is a siderophore-binding protein that regulates iron homeostasis. Lipocalin 2 expression is elevated in multiple tumor types; however, the mechanisms that drive tumor progression upon Lipocalin 2 expression remain unclear. When Lipocalin 2 is over-expressed, it leads to resistance to 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting ferroptosis. Lipocalin 2 inhibits ferroptosis by decreasing intracellular iron levels and stimulating the expression of glutathione peroxidase4 and a component of the cysteine glutamate antiporter, xCT. The increase in xCT levels is dependent on increased levels of ETS1 in Lipocalin 2 over-expressing cells. Inhibiting Lipocalin 2 function with a monoclonal antibody leads to a decrease in chemo-resistance and transformation in vitro, and a decrease in tumor progression and chemo-resistance in xenograft mouse models. Lipocalin 2 and xCT levels exhibit a positive correlation in human tumor samples suggesting that the pathway we have identified in cell lines is operative in human tumor samples. These results indicate that Lipocalin 2 is a potential therapeutic target and that the monoclonal antibody described in our study can serve as the basis for a potential therapeutic in patients who do not respond to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Chaudhary
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhagya Shree Choudhary
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanket Girish Shah
- Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nileema Khapare
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nehanjali Dwivedi
- Tumor Immunology Program, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Anagha Gaikwad
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Joshi
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jinsy Raichanna
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Srikanta Basu
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Murari Gurjar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Smitha P K
- Tumor Immunology Program, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Avanish Saklani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Department of Biorepository, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mukta Ramadwar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Prachi Patil
- Department of Digestive Disease and Clinical Nutrition, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sujan K Dhar
- Beyond Antibody, InCyte Laboratory, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Manjula Das
- Tumor Immunology Program, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India.,Beyond Antibody, InCyte Laboratory, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Bose A, Modi K, Dey S, Dalvi S, Nadkarni P, Sudarshan M, Kundu TK, Venkatraman P, Dalal SN. 14-3-3γ prevents centrosome duplication by inhibiting NPM1 function. Genes Cells 2021; 26:426-446. [PMID: 33813791 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins bind to ligands via phospho-serine containing consensus motifs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying complex formation and dissociation between 14-3-3 proteins and their ligands remain unclear. We identified two conserved acidic residues in the 14-3-3 peptide-binding pocket (D129 and E136) that potentially regulate complex formation and dissociation. Altering these residues to alanine led to opposing effects on centrosome duplication. D129A inhibited centrosome duplication, whereas E136A stimulated centrosome amplification. These results were due to the differing abilities of these mutant proteins to form a complex with NPM1. Inhibiting complex formation between NPM1 and 14-3-3γ led to an increase in centrosome duplication and over-rode the ability of D129A to inhibit centrosome duplication. We identify a novel role of 14-3-3γ in regulating centrosome licensing and a novel mechanism underlying the formation and dissociation of 14-3-3 ligand complexes dictated by conserved residues in the 14-3-3 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Bose
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kruti Modi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Suchismita Dey
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Somavally Dalvi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prafful Nadkarni
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mukund Sudarshan
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Venkatraman
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Rashid M, Shah SG, Verma T, Chaudhary N, Rauniyar S, Patel VB, Gera PB, Smoot D, Ashaktorab H, Dalal SN, Gupta S. Tumor-specific overexpression of histone gene, H3C14 in gastric cancer is mediated through EGFR-FOXC1 axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2021; 1864:194703. [PMID: 33727172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of different H3 histone isoforms/variants have been reported to differentially regulate gene expression via alteration in chromatin organization during diverse cellular processes. However, the differential expression of highly conserved histone H3.2 genes, H3C14 and H3C13 in human cancer has not been delineated. In this study, we investigated the expression of H3.2 genes in primary human gastric, brain, breast, colon, liver, and head and neck cancer tissues and tumor cell lines. The data showed overexpression of H3.2 transcripts in tumor samples and cell lines with respect to normal counterparts. Furthermore, TCGA data of individual and TCGA PANCAN cohort also showed significant up-regulation of H3.2 genes. Further, overexpressed H3C14 gene coding for H3.2 protein was regulated by FOXC1 transcription factor and G4-cassette in gastric cancer cell lines. Elevated expression of FOXC1 protein and transcripts were also observed in human gastric cancer samples and cell lines. Further, FOXC1 protein was predominantly localized in the nuclei of neoplastic gastric cells compared to normal counterpart. In continuation, studies with EGF induction, FOXC1 knockdown, and ChIP-qPCR for the first time identified a novel axis, EGFR-FOXC1-H3C14 for regulation of H3C14 gene overexpression in gastric cancer. Therefore, the changes the epigenomic landscape due to incorporation of differential expression H3 variant contributes to change in gene expression pattern and thereby contributing to pathogenesis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Rashid
- KS313, Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, MH, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Sanket Girish Shah
- KS313, Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, MH, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Tripti Verma
- KS313, Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, MH, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Nazia Chaudhary
- KS216, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, MH, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Sukanya Rauniyar
- KS313, Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, MH, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Vidisha Bhavesh Patel
- KS313, Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, MH, India
| | - Poonam B Gera
- Biorepository, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, MH, India
| | - Duane Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37208, United States
| | - Hassan Ashaktorab
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, WA 20060, United States
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS216, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, MH, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- KS313, Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, MH, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH, India.
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Srinivasalu VK, Chaudhary N, . B, Dwivedi N, P K S, Thorat R, Batulla C, Dhar SK, Dalal SN, Das M. LCN2 and colon cancer — Have we hit the jackpot. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15608 Background: Lipocalin2 (LCN2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LCN2 gene. Its abnormal expression serves critical roles in EMT transition, angiogenesis, cell migration and invasion in many cancers. We aim to assess the in vitro and in vivo effects of LCN2 as a potential chemo and radiosensitizer. Methods: Normalized RNAseq RSEM values of LCN2 were compared between normal and tumour samples from TCGA. Differences between median expression levels were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Kaplan-Meier model was used for survival analysis. Immune cell population in publicly available Colon Adenocarcinoma dataset was estimated using MCP Counter tool. Cell systems used to experimentally study the role of LCN2 in therapy resistance and tumor progression were HCT116, HT29 and DLD1. PKP3 and/or LCN2 were knocked down by shRNA. Tumor regression and therapy (5FU and radiation) sensitivity upon Anti-LCN2 treatment were demonstrated in Xenograft mouse models. Results: Analysis of 23 TCGA datasets containing gene expression data for both tumour and adjacent normal samples indicated that LCN2 levels are elevated in colon tumors. Colon cancer cell line HCT116 derived PKP3 knock-down or LCN2 over-expressing cells showed therapy resistance. A comparison of the tumor cell lines HCT116, HT29 and DLD1 show that increased LCN2 expression correlates with therapy resistance. LCN2 levels correlated with resistance to 5FU (p = 0.006) and its ability to clear ROS (p < 0.05) in vitro. Inhibiting LCN2 led to a decrease in invasion in vitro (p = 0.0005), increased sensitivity to 5FU in vitro (p = 0.001) and inhibition in tumor growth and increased sensitivity to 5FU and radiation (p = 0.005) in xenograft mouse models. On MCP counter analysis of TCGA, in Colon adenoca the normal samples show a correlation between LCN2 expression and T-cells (Pearson r = 0.45, p = 0.0028) and with the T-cell chemoattractant CXCL10 (Pearson r = 0.5, p < 0.0001). Such correlations are broken in tumour samples. Conclusions: LCN2 expression leads to chemo and radio resistance in colon cancer cell lines and xenograft mouse models. Inhibiting LCN2 function can inhibit tumor progression and sensitizes tumors to radiation and 5FU. These results suggest that LCN2 expression could be a marker that can be used to determine the choice of therapy offered to patients and that LCN2 could serve as a therapeutic target that sensitizes cells to radio and chemotherapy. LCN2 affects tumor progression and therapy sensitivity probably through T cell mediated immune pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Smitha P K
- Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory animal facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sujan Kumar Dhar
- Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Laboratory animal facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Manjula Das
- Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Bangalore, India
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Bose A, Dalal SN. 14-3-3 proteins mediate the localization of Centrin2 to centrosome. J Biosci 2019; 44:42. [PMID: 31180055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3ε and 14-3-3γ localize to the centrosome and regulate centrosome duplication, by inhibiting cdc25C function. As 14-3-3γ and 14-3-3ε form a complex with centrosomal proteins, we asked if this ability was required to regulate centrosome duplication. The results in this report demonstrate that 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3γ form a complex with Centrin2 and that the binding site is located in the N-terminal EF hand in Centrin2, EF1. A Centrin2 mutant that does not form a complex with 14-3-3 proteins displays a punctate cytoplasmic localization and does not localize to the centrosome. These results suggest that in addition to negatively regulating centrosome duplication as previously reported, 14-3-3 proteins might also be required for centriole biogenesis by regulating the localization of Centrin2 at the centrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Bose
- KS230, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a feature of multiple tumour types and has been postulated to contribute to both tumour initiation and tumour progression. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which an increase in centrosome number might lead to an increase or decrease in tumour progression and the role of proteins that regulate centrosome number in driving tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Bose
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Basu S, Chaudhary N, Shah S, Braggs C, Sawant A, Vaz S, Thorat R, Gupta S, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 loss leads to an increase in lipocalin2 expression, which is required for tumour formation. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:251-265. [PMID: 29803740 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increase in tumour formation and metastasis are observed upon plakophilin3 (PKP3) loss. To identify pathways downstream of PKP3 loss that are required for increased tumour formation, a gene expression analysis was performed, which demonstrated that the expression of lipocalin2 (LCN2) was elevated upon PKP3 loss and this is consistent with expression data from human tumour samples suggesting that PKP3 loss correlates with an increase in LCN2 expression. PKP3 loss leads to an increase in invasion, tumour formation and metastasis and these phenotypes were dependent on the increase in LCN2 expression. The increased LCN2 expression was due to an increase in the activation of p38 MAPK in the HCT116 derived PKP3 knockdown clones as LCN2 expression decreased upon inhibition of p38 MAPK. The phosphorylated active form of p38 MAPK is translocated to the nucleus upon PKP3 loss and is dependent on complex formation between p38 MAPK and PKP3. WT PKP3 inhibits LCN2 reporter activity in PKP3 knockdown cells but a PKP3 mutant that fails to form a complex with p38 MAPK cannot suppress LCN2 promoter activity. Further, LCN2 expression is decreased upon loss of p38β, but not p38α, in the PKP3 knockdown cells. These results suggest that PKP3 loss leads to an increase in the nuclear translocation of p38 MAPK and p38β MAPK is required for the increase in LCN2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Basu
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Nazia Chaudhary
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sanket Shah
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Carol Braggs
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aakanksha Sawant
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Simone Vaz
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Vishal SS, Tilwani S, Dalal SN. Plakoglobin localization to the cell border restores desmosome function in cells lacking 14-3-3γ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1998-2003. [PMID: 29253567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell adhesion junctions that anchor intermediate filaments. Loss of 14-3-3γ in HCT116 cells led to defects in desmosome assembly due to a decrease in the transport of Plakoglobin (PG) to the cell border thus disrupting desmosome formation. Desmosome formation in cells lacking 14-3-3γ was restored by artificially localizing PG to the cell border by fusing it to EGFP-f (PG-EGFP-f). These results suggest that a major role of 14-3-3γ in desmosome assembly is to transport PG to the cell border leading to the initiation of desmosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali S Vishal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sarika Tilwani
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Gurjar M, Raychaudhuri K, Mahadik S, Reddy D, Atak A, Shetty T, Rao K, Karkhanis MS, Gosavi P, Sehgal L, Gupta S, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 increases desmosome assembly, size and stability by increasing expression of desmocollin2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:768-774. [PMID: 29146182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports show that the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin3 (PKP3) is essential for desmosome formation. Here, we report that PKP3 over-expression decreases calcium dependency for de novo desmosome formation and makes existing cell-cell adhesion junctions more resilient in low calcium medium due to an increase in desmocollin2 expression. PKP3 overexpression increases the stability of other desmosomal proteins independently of the increase in DSC2 levels and regulates desmosome formation and stability by a multimodal mechanism affecting transcription, protein stability and cell border localization of desmosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansa Gurjar
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Kumarkrishna Raychaudhuri
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Snehal Mahadik
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Divya Reddy
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Apurva Atak
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Trupti Shetty
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Kruthi Rao
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Mansi S Karkhanis
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Raychaudhuri K, Chaudhary N, Gurjar M, D'Souza R, Limzerwala J, Maddika S, Dalal SN. 14-3-3σ Gene Loss Leads to Activation of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Due to the Stabilization of c-Jun Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16068-81. [PMID: 27261462 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.723767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of 14-3-3σ has been observed in multiple tumor types; however, the mechanisms by which 14-3-3σ loss leads to tumor progression are not understood. The experiments in this report demonstrate that loss of 14-3-3σ leads to a decrease in the expression of epithelial markers and an increase in the expression of mesenchymal markers, which is indicative of an induction of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The EMT was accompanied by an increase in migration and invasion in the 14-3-3σ(-/-) cells. 14-3-3σ(-/-) cells show increased stabilization of c-Jun, resulting in an increase in the expression of the EMT transcription factor slug. 14-3-3σ induces the ubiquitination and degradation of c-Jun in an FBW7-dependent manner. c-Jun ubiquitination is dependent on the presence of an intact nuclear export pathway as c-Jun is stabilized and localized to the nucleus in the presence of a nuclear export inhibitor. Furthermore, the absence of 14-3-3σ leads to the nuclear accumulation and stabilization of c-Jun, suggesting that 14-3-3σ regulates the subcellular localization of c-Jun. Our results have identified a novel mechanism by which 14-3-3σ maintains the epithelial phenotype by inhibiting EMT and suggest that this property of 14-3-3σ might contribute to its function as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumarkrishna Raychaudhuri
- From the KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Neelam Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India, and Graduate Studies, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Mansa Gurjar
- From the KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Roseline D'Souza
- From the KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Jazeel Limzerwala
- From the KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Subbareddy Maddika
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India, and
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- From the KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India,
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Hosing AS, Kundu ST, Dalal SN. 14-3-3 gamma is required to enforce both the incomplete S phase and G2 DNA damage checkpoints. Cell Cycle 2014; 7:3171-9. [DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.20.6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Sehgal L, Mukhopadhyay A, Rajan A, Khapare N, Sawant M, Vishal SS, Bhatt K, Ambatipudi S, Antao N, Alam H, Gurjar M, Basu S, Mathur R, Borde L, Hosing AS, Vaidya MM, Thorat R, Samaniego F, Kolthur-Seetharam U, Dalal SN. 14-3-3γ-Mediated transport of plakoglobin to the cell border is required for the initiation of desmosome assembly in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2174-88. [PMID: 24610948 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.125807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cell-cell adhesion is important for the processes of tissue formation and morphogenesis. Here, we report that loss of 14-3-3γ leads to a decrease in cell-cell adhesion and a defect in the transport of plakoglobin and other desmosomal proteins to the cell border in HCT116 cells and cells of the mouse testis. 14-3-3γ binds to plakoglobin in a PKCμ-dependent fashion, resulting in microtubule-dependent transport of plakoglobin to cell borders. Transport of plakoglobin to the border is dependent on the KIF5B-KLC1 complex. Knockdown of KIF5B in HCT116 cells, or in the mouse testis, results in a phenotype similar to that observed upon 14-3-3γ knockdown. Our results suggest that loss of 14-3-3γ leads to decreased desmosome formation and a decrease in cell-cell adhesion in vitro, and in the mouse testis in vivo, leading to defects in testis organization and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Sehgal
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Anandi Rajan
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Nileema Khapare
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Mugdha Sawant
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Sonali S Vishal
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Khyati Bhatt
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Srikant Ambatipudi
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Noelle Antao
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Mansa Gurjar
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Srikanta Basu
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Rohit Mathur
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lalit Borde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Amol S Hosing
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Milind M Vaidya
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Felipe Samaniego
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ullas Kolthur-Seetharam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS215, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Iyer SV, Dange PP, Alam H, Sawant SS, Ingle AD, Borges AM, Shirsat NV, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Understanding the role of keratins 8 and 18 in neoplastic potential of breast cancer derived cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53532. [PMID: 23341946 PMCID: PMC3546083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a complex disease which cannot be defined merely by clinical parameters like lymph node involvement and histological grade, or by routinely used biomarkers like estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PGR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in diagnosis and prognosis. Breast cancer originates from the epithelial cells. Keratins (K) are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins of epithelial cells and changes in the expression pattern of keratins have been seen during malignant transformation in the breast. Expression of the K8/18 pair is seen in the luminal cells of the breast epithelium, and its role in prognostication of breast cancer is not well understood. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we have modulated K8 expression to understand the role of the K8/18 pair in three different breast epithelium derived cell lines: non-transformed MCF10A, transformed but poorly invasive MDA MB 468 and highly invasive MDA MB 435. The up-regulation of K8 in the invasive MDA MB 435 cell line resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, motility, in-vitro invasion, tumor volume and lung metastasis. The down-regulation of K8 in MDA MB 468 resulted in a significant increase in transformation potential, motility and invasion in-vitro, while MCF10A did not show any changes in cell transformation assays. Conclusions/Significance These results indicate the role of K8/18 in modulating invasion in breast cancer -its presence correlating with less invasive phenotype and absence correlating with highly invasive, dedifferentiated phenotype. These data may have important implications for prognostication of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna V. Iyer
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prerana P. Dange
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada S. Sawant
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind D. Ingle
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Anita M. Borges
- Department of Histopathology, Asian Institute of Oncology, S.L. Raheja Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai, India
| | - Neelam V. Shirsat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sorab N. Dalal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Milind M. Vaidya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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Iyer SV, Dange PP, Alam H, Sawant SS, Ingle AD, Borges AM, Shirsat NV, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Understanding the role of keratins 8 and 18 in neoplastic potential of breast cancer derived cell lines. PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 23341946 DOI: 10.137/journal.pone.0053532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a complex disease which cannot be defined merely by clinical parameters like lymph node involvement and histological grade, or by routinely used biomarkers like estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PGR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in diagnosis and prognosis. Breast cancer originates from the epithelial cells. Keratins (K) are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins of epithelial cells and changes in the expression pattern of keratins have been seen during malignant transformation in the breast. Expression of the K8/18 pair is seen in the luminal cells of the breast epithelium, and its role in prognostication of breast cancer is not well understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we have modulated K8 expression to understand the role of the K8/18 pair in three different breast epithelium derived cell lines: non-transformed MCF10A, transformed but poorly invasive MDA MB 468 and highly invasive MDA MB 435. The up-regulation of K8 in the invasive MDA MB 435 cell line resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, motility, in-vitro invasion, tumor volume and lung metastasis. The down-regulation of K8 in MDA MB 468 resulted in a significant increase in transformation potential, motility and invasion in-vitro, while MCF10A did not show any changes in cell transformation assays. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate the role of K8/18 in modulating invasion in breast cancer -its presence correlating with less invasive phenotype and absence correlating with highly invasive, dedifferentiated phenotype. These data may have important implications for prognostication of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna V Iyer
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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Sehgal L, Budnar S, Bhatt K, Sansare S, Mukhopadhaya A, Kalraiya RD, Dalal SN. Generation of HIV-1 based bi-cistronic lentiviral vectors for stable gene expression and live cell imaging. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:669-676. [PMID: 23214259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of protein-protein interactions, protein localization, protein organization into higher order structures and organelle dynamics in live cells, has greatly enhanced the understanding of various cellular processes. Live cell imaging experiments employ plasmid or viral vectors to express the protein/proteins of interest fused to a fluorescent protein. Unlike plasmid vectors, lentiviral vectors can be introduced into both dividing and non dividing cells, can be pseudotyped to infect a broad or narrow range of cells, and can be used to generate transgenic animals. However, the currently available lentiviral vectors are limited by the choice of fluorescent protein tag, choice of restriction enzyme sites in the Multiple Cloning Sites (MCS) and promoter choice for gene expression. In this report, HIV-1 based bi-cistronic lentiviral vectors have been generated that drive the expression of multiple fluorescent tags (EGFP, mCherry, ECFP, EYFP and dsRed), using two different promoters. The presence of a unique MCS with multiple restriction sites allows the generation of fusion proteins with the fluorescent tag of choice, allowing analysis of multiple fusion proteins in live cell imaging experiments. These novel lentiviral vectors are improved delivery vehicles for gene transfer applications and are important tools for live cell imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Sehgal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410 210, India
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Khapare N, Kundu ST, Sehgal L, Sawant M, Priya R, Gosavi P, Gupta N, Alam H, Karkhanis M, Naik N, Vaidya MM, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 loss leads to an increase in PRL3 levels promoting K8 dephosphorylation, which is required for transformation and metastasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38561. [PMID: 22701666 PMCID: PMC3368841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The desmosome anchors keratin filaments in epithelial cells leading to the formation of a tissue wide IF network. Loss of the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin3 (PKP3) in HCT116 cells, leads to an increase in neoplastic progression and metastasis, which was accompanied by an increase in K8 levels. The increase in levels was due to an increase in the protein levels of the Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver 3 (PRL3), which results in a decrease in phosphorylation on K8. The increase in PRL3 and K8 protein levels could be reversed by introduction of an shRNA resistant PKP3 cDNA. Inhibition of K8 expression in the PKP3 knockdown clone S10, led to a decrease in cell migration and lamellipodia formation. Further, the K8 PKP3 double knockdown clones showed a decrease in colony formation in soft agar and decreased tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice. These results suggest that a stabilisation of K8 filaments leading to an increase in migration and transformation may be one mechanism by which PKP3 loss leads to tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileema Khapare
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Samrat T. Kundu
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mugdha Sawant
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Priya
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhura Karkhanis
- Pharmacology Department, Piramal Life Sciences Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishigandha Naik
- Pharmacology Department, Piramal Life Sciences Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind M. Vaidya
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab N. Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Alam H, Bhate AV, Gangadaran P, Sawant SS, Salot S, Sehgal L, Dange PP, Chaukar DA, D'cruz AK, Kannanl S, Gude R, Kane S, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Fascin overexpression promotes neoplastic progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:32. [PMID: 22264292 PMCID: PMC3329405 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fascin is a globular actin cross-linking protein, which plays a major role in forming parallel actin bundles in cell protrusions and is found to be associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis in various type of cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Previously, we have demonstrated that fascin regulates actin polymerization and thereby promotes cell motility in K8-depleted OSCC cells. In the present study we have investigated the role of fascin in tumor progression of OSCC. Methods To understand the role of fascin in OSCC development and/or progression, fascin was overexpressed along with vector control in OSCC derived cells AW13516. The phenotype was studied using wound healing, Boyden chamber, cell adhesion, Hanging drop, soft agar and tumorigenicity assays. Further, fascin expression was examined in human OSCC samples (N = 131) using immunohistochemistry and level of its expression was correlated with clinico-pathological parameters of the patients. Results Fascin overexpression in OSCC derived cells led to significant increase in cell migration, cell invasion and MMP-2 activity. In addition these cells demonstrated increased levels of phosphorylated AKT, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Our in vitro results were consistent with correlative studies of fascin expression with the clinico-pathological parameters of the OSCC patients. Fascin expression in OSCC showed statistically significant correlation with increased tumor stage (P = 0.041), increased lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), less differentiation (P = 0.005), increased recurrence (P = 0.038) and shorter survival (P = 0.004) of the patients. Conclusion In conclusion, our results indicate that fascin promotes tumor progression and activates AKT and MAPK pathways in OSCC-derived cells. Further, our correlative studies of fascin expression in OSCC with clinico-pathological parameters of the patients indicate that fascin may prove to be useful in prognostication and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer Tata Memorial Centre (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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Alam H, Sehgal L, Kundu ST, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Novel function of keratins 5 and 14 in proliferation and differentiation of stratified epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4068-78. [PMID: 21900500 PMCID: PMC3204069 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-08-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin expression in stratified epithelia is tightly regulated during squamous cell differentiation. Keratins 5 and 14 are expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells, but their function is not well defined. Reported here is the possible role of K14 in regulation of cell proliferation/differentiation in stratified epithelial cells. Keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins preferentially expressed by epithelial tissues in a site-specific and differentiation-dependent manner. The complex network of keratin filaments in stratified epithelia is tightly regulated during squamous cell differentiation. Keratin 14 (K14) is expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells, along with its partner keratin 5 (K5), and their expression is down-regulated as cells differentiate. Apart from the cytoprotective functions of K14, very little is known about K14 regulatory functions, since the K14 knockout mice show postnatal lethality. In this study, K14 expression was inhibited using RNA interference in cell lines derived from stratified epithelia to study the K14 functions in epithelial homeostasis. The K14 knockdown clones demonstrated substantial decreases in the levels of the K14 partner K5. These cells showed reduction in cell proliferation and delay in cell cycle progression, along with decreased phosphorylated Akt levels. K14 knockdown cells also exhibited enhanced levels of activated Notch1, involucrin, and K1. In addition, K14 knockdown AW13516 cells showed significant reduction in tumorigenicity. Our results suggest that K5 and K14 may have a role in maintenance of cell proliferation potential in the basal layer of stratified epithelia, modulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt–mediated cell proliferation and/or Notch1-dependent cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Sehgal L, Thorat R, Khapare N, Mukhopadhaya A, Sawant M, Dalal SN. Lentiviral mediated transgenesis by in vivo manipulation of spermatogonial stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21975. [PMID: 21760937 PMCID: PMC3131306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a technique for the generation of transgenic mice by in vivo manipulation of spermatogonial stem cells with a high rate of success. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in pre-pubescent animals were infected in vivo with recombinant lentiviruses expressing EGFP-f and mated with normal females. All male pre-founder mice produced transgenic pups with an overall success rate of over 60%. The transgene was heritable and the pre-founder mice could be used in multiple mating experiments. This technology could be used to perform overexpression/knockdown screens in vivo using bar-coded lentiviruses, thus permitting the design of genetic screens in the mouse. Further, this technology could be adapted to other laboratory animals resulting in the generation of model systems that closely approximate human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Sehgal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research Education and Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research Education and Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nileema Khapare
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research Education and Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Amitabha Mukhopadhaya
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research Education and Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mugdha Sawant
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research Education and Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sorab N. Dalal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research Education and Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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Alam H, Kundu ST, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Loss of keratins 8 and 18 leads to alterations in α6β4-integrin-mediated signalling and decreased neoplastic progression in an oral-tumour-derived cell line. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2096-106. [PMID: 21610092 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.073585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins 8 and 18 (K8 and K18) are predominantly expressed in simple epithelial tissues and perform both mechanical and regulatory functions. Aberrant expression of K8 and K18 is associated with neoplastic progression and invasion in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). To understand the molecular basis by which K8 promotes neoplastic progression in oral SCC (OSCC), K8 expression was inhibited in AW13516 cells. The K8-knockdown clones showed a significant reduction in tumorigenic potential, which was accompanied by a reduction in cell motility, cell invasion, decreased fascin levels, alterations in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and changes in cell shape. Furthermore, K8 knockdown led to a decrease in α6β4 integrin levels and α6β4-integrin-dependent signalling events, which have been reported to play an important role in neoplastic progression in epithelial tissues. Therefore, modulation of α6β4 integrin signalling might be one of the mechanisms by which K8 and K18 promote malignant transformation and/or progression in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Abstract
The activity of the dual specificity phosphatase cdc25C is required for mitotic progression though the mechanisms by which cdc25C is activated prior to mitosis in human cells remain unclear. The data presented herein show that the actin binding protein Filamin A forms a complex with cdc25C in vivo and binds preferentially to the mitotic form of cdc25C. Co-expression of Filamin A with cdc25C results in an increase in PCC induced by cdc25C, while knocking down Filamin A expression reduces the levels of PCC induced by cdc25C overexpression. Further, only a Filamin A fragment that forms a complex with both cdc25C and cyclin B1 and retains the dimerization domain can stimulate the ability of cdc25C to induce PCC. These results suggest that Filamin A provides a platform for the assembly of the cyclin B1-cdk1- cdc25C complex resulting in cdk1 activation and mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elphine Telles
- KS215 Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar Node, Navi, Mumbai, India
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Telles E, Hosing AS, Kundu ST, Venkatraman P, Dalal SN. A novel pocket in 14-3-3epsilon is required to mediate specific complex formation with cdc25C and to inhibit cell cycle progression upon activation of checkpoint pathways. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:1448-57. [PMID: 19331823 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic progression requires the activity of the dual specificity phosphatase, cdc25C. Cdc25C function is inhibited by complex formation with two 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3epsilon and 14-3-3gamma. To understand the molecular basis of specific complex formation between 14-3-3 proteins and their ligands, chimeric 14-3-3 proteins were tested for their ability to form a complex with cdc25C in vivo. Specific complex formation between cdc25C and 14-3-3epsilon in vivo requires a phenylalanine residue at position 135 (F135) in 14-3-3epsilon. Mutation of this residue to the corresponding residue present in other 14-3-3 isoforms (F135V) leads to reduced binding to cdc25C and a decrease in the ability to inhibit cdc25C function in vivo. Similarly, F135V failed to rescue the incomplete S phase and the G2 DNA damage checkpoint defects observed in cells lacking 14-3-3epsilon. A comparative analysis of the 14-3-3 structures present in the database suggested that the F135 in 14-3-3epsilon was required to maintain the integrity of a pocket that might be involved in secondary interactions with cdc25C. These results suggest that the specificity of the 14-3-3 ligand interaction may be dependent on structural motifs present in the individual 14-3-3 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elphine Telles
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Kundu ST, Gosavi P, Khapare N, Patel R, Hosing AS, Maru GB, Ingle A, Decaprio JA, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 downregulation leads to a decrease in cell adhesion and promotes metastasis. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2303-14. [PMID: 18729189 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plakophilin3 is a desmosomal plaque protein whose levels are reduced in poorly differentiated tumors of the oropharyngeal cavity and in invasive colon carcinomas. To test the hypothesis that plakophilin3 loss stimulates neoplastic progression, plakophilin3 expression was inhibited by DNA vector driven RNA interference in 3 epithelial cell lines, HCT116, HaCaT and fetal buccal mucosa. The plakophilin3-knockdown clones showed a decrease in cell-cell adhesion as assessed in a hanging drop assay, which was accompanied by an increase in cell migration. The HCT116 plakophilin3-knockdown clones showed a decrease in desmosome size as revealed by electron microscopy. These altered desmosomal properties were accompanied by colony formation in soft agar and growth to high density in culture. The HCT116-derived clones showed accelerated tumor formation in nude mice and increased metastasis to the lung, a phenotype consistent with the increased migration observed in vitro and is consistent with data from human tumors that suggests that plakophililn3 is lost in invasive and metastatic tumors. These data indicate that plakophilin3 loss leads to a decrease in cell-cell adhesion leading to the stimulation of neoplastic progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat T Kundu
- ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, India
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Dalal SN, Volkening M. CDC25 dual-specificity protein phosphatases: detection and activity measurements. Methods Mol Biol 2004; 296:329-44. [PMID: 15576942 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-857-9:329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Most cyclin-dependent kinases are negatively regulated by phosphorylation of two residues, a threonine at residue 14 and a tyrosine at residue 15. These residues are dephosphorylated by the cdc25 family of dual-specificity phosphatases leading to cell cycle progression. These phosphatases are inactivated by cellular checkpoint pathways in response to DNA damage leading to cell cycle arrest. Checkpoint pathways regulate the function of these phosphatases by regulating their stability, localization, association with substrate, and their activity. Hence, determining these properties for the cdc25 family of phosphatases becomes crucial for understanding how checkpoint pathways regulate the function of the cdc25 family members and, hence, cell cycle progression. This chapter describes methods to determine the activity, levels, phosphorylation status, and localization of both endogenous and overexpressed cdc25 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorab N Dalal
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, ACTREC, Navi Mumbai, India
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Dalal SN, Yaffe MB, DeCaprio JA. 14-3-3 family members act coordinately to regulate mitotic progression. Cell Cycle 2004; 3:672-7. [PMID: 15107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitosis promoting phosphatase, cdc25C, is a target of both the DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways. These pathways regulate cdc25C function, in part, by promoting the association of cdc25C with 14-3-3 proteins, which results in the retention of cdc25C in the cytoplasm. To determine which 14-3-3 proteins were required to regulate cdc25C function, we tested the ability of various 14-3-3 family members to form a complex with and negatively regulate cdc25C in human cells. Two 14-3-3 family members, 14-3-3epsilon and 14-3-3gamma specifically formed a complex with cdc25C but not with the 14-3-3 binding defective cdc25C mutant, S216A. In addition, 14-3-3epsilon and 14-3-3gamma inhibited the ability of cdc25C, but not the S216A mutant, to induce premature chromatin condensation (PCC) in U-2OS cells. These results suggested that the reduction in PCC by 14-3-3epsilon and 14-3-3gamma was due to inhibition of cdc25C function. In contrast, 14-3-3sigma was unable to form a complex with cdc25C, but was able to inhibit the ability of both wild type cdc25C and S216A to induce PCC. This suggests that 14-3-3sigma regulates entry into mitosis independently of cdc25C and 14-3-3epsilon and 14-3-3gamma. Thus, specific members of the 14-3-3 family of proteins may act coordinately to maintain the DNA replication checkpoint by regulating the activity of different cell cycle proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorab N Dalal
- Department of Adult Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. sdalal@@actrec.res.in
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Brunet A, Kanai F, Stehn J, Xu J, Sarbassova D, Frangioni JV, Dalal SN, DeCaprio JA, Greenberg ME, Yaffe MB. 14-3-3 transits to the nucleus and participates in dynamic nucleocytoplasmic transport. J Cell Biol 2002; 156:817-28. [PMID: 11864996 PMCID: PMC2173313 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2001] [Revised: 12/13/2001] [Accepted: 01/17/2002] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins regulate the cell cycle and prevent apoptosis by controlling the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of signaling molecules with which they interact. Although the majority of 14-3-3 molecules are present in the cytoplasm, we show here that in the absence of bound ligands 14-3-3 homes to the nucleus. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of one important 14-3-3 binding molecule, the transcription factor FKHRL1, at the 14-3-3 binding site occurs within the nucleus immediately before FKHRL1 relocalization to the cytoplasm. We show that the leucine-rich region within the COOH-terminal alpha-helix of 14-3-3, which had been proposed to function as a nuclear export signal (NES), instead functions globally in ligand binding and does not directly mediate nuclear transport. Efficient nuclear export of FKHRL1 requires both intrinsic NES sequences within FKHRL1 and phosphorylation/14-3-3 binding. Finally, we present evidence that phosphorylation/14-3-3 binding may also prevent FKHRL1 nuclear reimport. These results indicate that 14-3-3 can mediate the relocalization of nuclear ligands by several mechanisms that ensure complete sequestration of the bound 14-3-3 complex in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Brunet
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Dalal SN, Schweitzer CM, Gan J, DeCaprio JA. Cytoplasmic localization of human cdc25C during interphase requires an intact 14-3-3 binding site. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:4465-79. [PMID: 10330186 PMCID: PMC104405 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.6.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
cdc25C induces mitosis by activating the cdc2-cyclin B complex. The intracellular localization of cyclin B1 is regulated in a cell cycle-specific manner, and its entry into the nucleus may be required for the initiation of mitosis. To determine the cellular localization of cdc25C, monoclonal antibodies specific for cdc25C were developed and used to demonstrate that in human cells, cdc25C is retained in the cytoplasm during interphase. A deletion analysis identified a 58-amino-acid region (amino acids 201 to 258) in cdc25C that was required for the cytoplasmic localization of cdc25C. This region contained a specific binding site for 14-3-3 proteins, and mutations in cdc25C that disrupted 14-3-3 binding also disrupted the cytoplasmic localization of cdc25C during interphase. cdc25C proteins that do not contain a binding site for 14-3-3 proteins showed a pancellular localization and an increased ability to induce premature chromosome condensation. The cytoplasmic localization of cdc25C was not altered by gamma irradiation or treatment with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. These results suggest that 14-3-3 proteins may negatively regulate cdc25C function by sequestering cdc25C in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Dalal
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Overall JE, Dalal SN. Empirical formulae for estimating appropriate sample sizes for analysis of variance designs. Percept Mot Skills 1968; 27:263-7. [PMID: 5701398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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