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Maciąg F, Chhikara A, Heine M. Calcium channel signalling at neuronal endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20230819. [PMID: 38934485 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurons are highly specialised cells that need to relay information over long distances and integrate signals from thousands of synaptic inputs. The complexity of neuronal function is evident in the morphology of their plasma membrane (PM), by far the most intricate of all cell types. Yet, within the neuron lies an organelle whose architecture adds another level to this morphological sophistication - the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Neuronal ER is abundant in the cell body and extends to distant axonal terminals and postsynaptic dendritic spines. It also adopts specialised structures like the spine apparatus in the postsynapse and the cisternal organelle in the axon initial segment. At membrane contact sites (MCSs) between the ER and the PM, the two membranes come in close proximity to create hubs of lipid exchange and Ca2+ signalling called ER-PM junctions. The development of electron and light microscopy techniques extended our knowledge on the physiological relevance of ER-PM MCSs. Equally important was the identification of ER and PM partners that interact in these junctions, most notably the STIM-ORAI and VAP-Kv2.1 pairs. The physiological functions of ER-PM junctions in neurons are being increasingly explored, but their molecular composition and the role in the dynamics of Ca2+ signalling are less clear. This review aims to outline the current state of research on the topic of neuronal ER-PM contacts. Specifically, we will summarise the involvement of different classes of Ca2+ channels in these junctions, discuss their role in neuronal development and neuropathology and propose directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Maciąg
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter Hüsch Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arun Chhikara
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter Hüsch Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Heine
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter Hüsch Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Gao J, Zhang S, Deng P, Wu Z, Lemaitre B, Zhai Z, Guo Z. Dietary L-Glu sensing by enteroendocrine cells adjusts food intake via modulating gut PYY/NPF secretion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3514. [PMID: 38664401 PMCID: PMC11045819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid availability is monitored by animals to adapt to their nutritional environment. Beyond gustatory receptors and systemic amino acid sensors, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are believed to directly percept dietary amino acids and secrete regulatory peptides. However, the cellular machinery underlying amino acid-sensing by EECs and how EEC-derived hormones modulate feeding behavior remain elusive. Here, by developing tools to specifically manipulate EECs, we find that Drosophila neuropeptide F (NPF) from mated female EECs inhibits feeding, similar to human PYY. Mechanistically, dietary L-Glutamate acts through the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR to decelerate calcium oscillations in EECs, thereby causing reduced NPF secretion via dense-core vesicles. Furthermore, two dopaminergic enteric neurons expressing NPFR perceive EEC-derived NPF and relay an anorexigenic signal to the brain. Thus, our findings provide mechanistic insights into how EECs assess food quality and identify a conserved mode of action that explains how gut NPF/PYY modulates food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Gao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zongzhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Chakraborty P, Hasan G. ER-Ca 2+ stores and the regulation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry in neurons. J Physiol 2024; 602:1463-1474. [PMID: 36691983 DOI: 10.1113/jp283827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Key components of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) are likely expressed in all metazoan cells. Due to the complexity of canonical Ca2+ entry mechanisms in neurons, the functional significance of ER-Ca2+ release and SOCE has been difficult to identify and establish. In this review we present evidence of how these two related mechanisms of Ca2+ signalling impact multiple aspects of neuronal physiology and discuss their interaction with the better understood classes of ion channels that are gated by either voltage changes or extracellular ligands in neurons. Given how a small imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis can have strongly detrimental effects on neurons, leading to cell death, it is essential that neuronal SOCE is carefully regulated. We go on to discuss some mechanisms of SOCE regulation that have been identified in Drosophila and mammalian neurons. These include specific splice variants of stromal interaction molecules, different classes of membrane-interacting proteins and an ER-Ca2+ channel. So far these appear distinct from the mechanisms of SOCE regulation identified in non-excitable cells. Finally, we touch upon the significance of these studies in the context of certain human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragnya Chakraborty
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
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Mitra R, Richhariya S, Hasan G. Orai-mediated calcium entry determines activity of central dopaminergic neurons by regulation of gene expression. eLife 2024; 12:RP88808. [PMID: 38289659 PMCID: PMC10945566 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Maturation and fine-tuning of neural circuits frequently require neuromodulatory signals that set the excitability threshold, neuronal connectivity, and synaptic strength. Here, we present a mechanistic study of how neuromodulator-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ signals, through the store-operated Ca2+ channel Orai, regulate intrinsic neuronal properties by control of developmental gene expression in flight-promoting central dopaminergic neurons (fpDANs). The fpDANs receive cholinergic inputs for release of dopamine at a central brain tripartite synapse that sustains flight (Sharma and Hasan, 2020). Cholinergic inputs act on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to stimulate intracellular Ca2+ release through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localised inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor followed by ER-store depletion and Orai-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Analysis of gene expression in fpDANs followed by genetic, cellular, and molecular studies identified Orai-mediated Ca2+ entry as a key regulator of excitability in fpDANs during circuit maturation. SOCE activates the transcription factor trithorax-like (Trl), which in turn drives expression of a set of genes, including Set2, that encodes a histone 3 lysine 36 methyltransferase (H3K36me3). Set2 function establishes a positive feedback loop, essential for receiving neuromodulatory cholinergic inputs and sustaining SOCE. Chromatin-modifying activity of Set2 changes the epigenetic status of fpDANs and drives expression of key ion channel and signalling genes that determine fpDAN activity. Loss of activity reduces the axonal arborisation of fpDANs within the MB lobe and prevents dopamine release required for the maintenance of long flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Mitra
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Shlesha Richhariya
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
- Department of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
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Hasan G. IP 3Rs and nSOCE-Tied Together at Two Ends. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2024; 7:25152564241231092. [PMID: 38356482 PMCID: PMC10865778 DOI: 10.1177/25152564241231092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
All living organisms need to respond appropriately to changes in the extracellular milieu. Cellular mechanisms that enable such responses evolved in parallel with organismal complexity and intracellular Ca2+ signaling is one such mechanism where extracellular signals received at the cell membrane communicate with endoplasmic reticular stores of Ca2+, to stimulate appropriate Ca2+-mediated changes in cellular physiology. The amplitude and dynamics of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Ca2+ release in response to extracellular signals determines the nature of the cellular response. An understanding of how ER-Ca2+ channels might regulate cellular Ca2+ signaling in different cell types is lacking. In a recent paper, this question has been addressed in the context of neurons ( Chakraborty et al., 2023) and the implications of these new findings are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
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Petsakou A, Liu Y, Liu Y, Comjean A, Hu Y, Perrimon N. Epithelial Ca 2+ waves triggered by enteric neurons heal the gut. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553227. [PMID: 37645990 PMCID: PMC10461974 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental and unresolved question in regenerative biology is how tissues return to homeostasis after injury. Answering this question is essential for understanding the etiology of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. We used the Drosophila midgut to investigate this question and discovered that during regeneration a subpopulation of cholinergic enteric neurons triggers Ca2+ currents among enterocytes to promote return of the epithelium to homeostasis. Specifically, we found that down-regulation of the cholinergic enzyme Acetylcholinesterase in the epithelium enables acetylcholine from defined enteric neurons, referred as ARCENs, to activate nicotinic receptors in enterocytes found near ARCEN-innervations. This activation triggers high Ca2+ influx that spreads in the epithelium through Inx2/Inx7 gap junctions promoting enterocyte maturation followed by reduction of proliferation and inflammation. Disrupting this process causes chronic injury consisting of ion imbalance, Yki activation and increase of inflammatory cytokines together with hyperplasia, reminiscent of inflammatory bowel diseases. Altogether, we found that during gut regeneration the conserved cholinergic pathway facilitates epithelial Ca2+ waves that heal the intestinal epithelium. Our findings demonstrate nerve- and bioelectric-dependent intestinal regeneration which advance the current understanding of how a tissue returns to its homeostatic state after injury and could ultimately help existing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, USA
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Chakraborty P, Deb BK, Arige V, Musthafa T, Malik S, Yule DI, Taylor CW, Hasan G. Regulation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry by IP 3 receptors independent of their ability to release Ca 2. eLife 2023; 12:e80447. [PMID: 37466241 PMCID: PMC10406432 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of endoplasmic reticular (ER) Ca2+ activates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) by causing the ER localized Ca2+ sensor STIM to unfurl domains that activate Orai channels in the plasma membrane at membrane contact sites (MCS). Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which the inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), an ER-localized IP3-gated Ca2+ channel, regulates neuronal SOCE. In human neurons, SOCE evoked by pharmacological depletion of ER-Ca2+ is attenuated by loss of IP3Rs, and restored by expression of IP3Rs even when they cannot release Ca2+, but only if the IP3Rs can bind IP3. Imaging studies demonstrate that IP3Rs enhance association of STIM1 with Orai1 in neuronal cells with empty stores; this requires an IP3-binding site, but not a pore. Convergent regulation by IP3Rs, may tune neuronal SOCE to respond selectively to receptors that generate IP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragnya Chakraborty
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
- SASTRA UniversityThanjavurIndia
| | - Bipan Kumar Deb
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of RochesterRochesterUnited States
| | - Thasneem Musthafa
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Sundeep Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of RochesterRochesterUnited States
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of RochesterRochesterUnited States
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
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Xu J, Wen X, Fu Z, Jiang Y, Hong W, Liu R, Li S, Cao W, Pu J, Huang L, Li B, Ran P, Peng G. Chronic hypoxia promoted pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation through upregulated calcium-sensing receptorcanonical transient receptor potential 1/6 pathway. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12715. [PMID: 34008915 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although both calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins contribute to chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation, the relationship between CaSR and TRPC in hypoxic PASMCs proliferation remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to identify that CH promotes PASMCs proliferation through CaSR-TRPC pathway. METHODS Rat PASMCs were isolated and treated with CH. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting, CCK-8 assay, and EdU incorporation. CaSR and TRPC expressions were determined by qPCR and Western blotting. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) was assessed by extracellular Ca2+ restoration. RESULTS In PASMCs, CH enhanced the cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis, which is accompanied by upregulated expression of CaSR, TRPC1 and TRPC6. Negative CaSR modulators (NPS2143, NPS2390) inhibited, whereas positive modulators (spermine, R568) enhanced, the CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PASMCs. Knockdown of CaSR by siRNA inhibited the CH-induced upregulation of TRPC1 and TRPC6 and enhancement of SOCE and attenuated the CH-induced enhancements of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PASMCs. However, neither siTRPC1 nor siTRPC6 had an effect on the CH-induced CaSR upregulation, although both significantly attenuated the CH-induced enhancements of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PASMCs. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that upregulated CaSR-TRPC1/6 pathway mediating PASMCs proliferation is an important pathogenic mechanism under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Department of Acupuncture, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ali ES, Girard D, Petrovsky N. Impaired Ca 2+ signaling due to hepatic steatosis mediates hepatic insulin resistance in Alström syndrome mice that is reversed by GLP-1 analog treatment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C187-C198. [PMID: 34106786 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00020.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of hepatic metabolism by hormones including insulin. Changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ regulate synthesis and posttranslational modification of key signaling proteins in the insulin pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that hepatocyte intracellular Ca2+ signaling is altered in lipid-loaded liver cells isolated from obese rodent models. The mechanisms of altered Ca2+-insulin and insulin-Ca2+ signaling pathways in obesity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the kinetics of insulin-initiated intracellular (initial) Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum is significantly impaired in steatotic hepatocytes from obese Alström syndrome mice. Furthermore, exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, reversed lipid-induced inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ release kinetics in steatotic hepatocytes, without affecting the total content of intracellular Ca2+ released. Exenatide reversed the lipid-induced inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ release, at least partially, via lipid reduction in hepatocytes, which then restored hormone-regulated cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling and insulin sensitivity. This data provides additional evidence for the important role of Ca2+ signaling pathways in obesity-associated impaired hepatic lipid homeostasis and insulin signaling. It also highlights a potential advantage of GLP-1 analogs when used to treat type 2 diabetes associated with hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunus S Ali
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Vaxine Pty Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Li ES, Saha MS. Optimizing Calcium Detection Methods in Animal Systems: A Sandbox for Synthetic Biology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:343. [PMID: 33668387 PMCID: PMC7996158 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1970s, the emergence and expansion of novel methods for calcium ion (Ca2+) detection have found diverse applications in vitro and in vivo across a series of model animal systems. Matched with advances in fluorescence imaging techniques, the improvements in the functional range and stability of various calcium indicators have significantly enhanced more accurate study of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and its effects on cell signaling, growth, differentiation, and regulation. Nonetheless, the current limitations broadly presented by organic calcium dyes, genetically encoded calcium indicators, and calcium-responsive nanoparticles suggest a potential path toward more rapid optimization by taking advantage of a synthetic biology approach. This engineering-oriented discipline applies principles of modularity and standardization to redesign and interrogate endogenous biological systems. This review will elucidate how novel synthetic biology technologies constructed for eukaryotic systems can offer a promising toolkit for interfacing with calcium signaling and overcoming barriers in order to accelerate the process of Ca2+ detection optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret S. Saha
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA;
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Serwach K, Gruszczynska-Biegala J. Target Molecules of STIM Proteins in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:617422. [PMID: 33424550 PMCID: PMC7786003 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.617422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecules (STIMs), including STIM1 and STIM2, are single-pass transmembrane proteins that are located predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They serve as calcium ion (Ca2+) sensors within the ER. In the central nervous system (CNS), they are involved mainly in Orai-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The key molecular components of the SOCE pathway are well-characterized, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie the regulation of this pathway need further investigation. Numerous intracellular target proteins that are located in the plasma membrane, ER, cytoskeleton, and cytoplasm have been reported to play essential roles in concert with STIMs, such as conformational changes in STIMs, their translocation, the stabilization of their interactions with Orai, and the activation of other channels. The present review focuses on numerous regulators, such as Homer, SOCE-associated regulatory factor (SARAF), septin, synaptopodin, golli proteins, partner of STIM1 (POST), and transcription factors and proteasome inhibitors that regulate STIM-Orai interactions in the CNS. Further we describe novel roles of STIMs in mediating Ca2+ influx via other than Orai pathways, including TRPC channels, VGCCs, AMPA and NMDA receptors, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. This review also summarizes recent findings on additional molecular targets of STIM proteins including SERCA, IP3Rs, end-binding proteins (EB), presenilin, and CaMKII. Dysregulation of the SOCE-associated toolkit, including STIMs, contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease), traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and stroke. Emerging evidence points to the role of STIM proteins and several of their molecular effectors and regulators in neuronal and glial physiology and pathology, suggesting their potential application for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Serwach
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Zhang F, Zhou X, Cui D, Zhang W, Lai J, Li X, Ruan Y, Xie Y, Shi M, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Guo B. The role of Stim1 in the progression of lupus nephritis in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:3021-3032. [PMID: 33425103 PMCID: PMC7791395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of Stim1 in the kidneys of mice with lupus, and the effect of Stim1 on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. METHODS Mice (MRL/lpr) with spontaneous lupus nephritis (LN) and normal control mice (C57/BL) were selected. Immunohistochemistry and Masson staining were used to determine the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis in kidney tissues. The expression of Stim1 and fibronectin in tissues was measured by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Urine protein, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels in the mice were analyzed, and Spearman analysis was conducted to determine the correlation with Stim1 expression levels. Mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mRTECs) were chosen as the experimental objects. After various treatments, the cells were divided into the blank control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment group, LPS+siRNA-NC group and LPS+siRNA-Stim1 group. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein levels. RESULTS There was significant interstitial fibrosis in the kidneys of LN mice. Compared with that in normal mice, the expression of Stim1 in the kidney tissues of LN mice was significantly increased, and Stim1 expression was positively correlated with fibronectin, urine protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. LPS induced the expression of Stim1, fibronectin, and α-SMA in mRTECs and decreased the protein level of E-CA, while silencing Stim1 effectively alleviated the effects of LPS. CONCLUSION Stim1 is significantly increased in the kidneys of lupus mice, and it is possible to promote EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells and renal interstitial fibrosis by elevating fibronectin, which ultimately contributes to renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingcheng Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Daolin Cui
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Qujing Medical CollegeQujing 655000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510150, China
| | - Jiao Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuxia Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025, China
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Hasan G, Sharma A. Regulation of neuronal physiology by Ca2+ release through the IP3R. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Store-Operated Calcium Channels: From Function to Structure and Back Again. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035055. [PMID: 31570335 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated calcium (Ca2+) entry (SOCE) occurs through a widely distributed family of ion channels activated by the loss of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The best understood of these is the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel, which is notable for its unique activation mechanism as well as its many essential physiological functions and the diverse pathologies that result from dysregulation. In response to ER Ca2+ depletion, CRAC channels are formed through a diffusion trap mechanism at ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions, where the ER Ca2+-sensing stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins bind and activate hexamers of Orai pore-forming proteins to trigger Ca2+ entry. Cell biological studies are clarifying the architecture of ER-PM junctions, their roles in Ca2+ and lipid transport, and functional interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. Molecular structures of STIM and Orai have inspired a multitude of mutagenesis and electrophysiological studies that reveal potential mechanisms for how STIM is toggled between inactive and active states, how it binds and activates Orai, and the importance of STIM-binding stoichiometry for opening the channel and establishing its signature characteristics of extremely high Ca2+ selectivity and low Ca2+ conductance.
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Type 3 Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor is a Crucial Regulator of Calcium Dynamics Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum in HEK Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020275. [PMID: 31979185 PMCID: PMC7072192 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Being the largest the Ca2+ store in mammalian cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated Ca2+ signalling often involves both Ca2+ release via inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and store operated Ca2+ entries (SOCE) through Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels on plasma membrane (PM). IP3Rs are functionally coupled with CRAC channels and other Ca2+ handling proteins. However, it still remains less well defined as to whether IP3Rs could regulate ER-mediated Ca2+ signals independent of their Ca2+ releasing ability. To address this, we generated IP3Rs triple and double knockout human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell lines (IP3Rs-TKO, IP3Rs-DKO), and systemically examined ER Ca2+ dynamics and CRAC channel activity in these cells. The results showed that the rate of ER Ca2+ leakage and refilling, as well as SOCE were all significantly reduced in IP3Rs-TKO cells. And these TKO effects could be rescued by over-expression of IP3R3. Further, results showed that the diminished SOCE was caused by NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination of Orai1 protein. Together, our findings indicate that IP3R3 is one crucial player in coordinating ER-mediated Ca2+ signalling.
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Fang B, Zhao Q, Ling W, Zhang Y, Ou M. Hypoxia induces HT-22 neuronal cell death via Orai1/CDK5 pathway-mediated Tau hyperphosphorylation. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:7591-7603. [PMID: 31934303 PMCID: PMC6943478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hypoxia induces the formation of amyloid precursor protein in neurons, leading to the abnormal deposition of β-amyloid protein and hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Such changes increase the risk of AD. In the present study, a cellular model of hypoxia-induced AD was established by exposing HT-22 mouse hippocampal neurons to the chemical hypoxia-mimicking agent cobalt chloride (CoCl2). It was found that hypoxia increased neuronal apoptosis. Hypoxia caused an abnormal increase in the expression of the intracellular calcium channel protein Orai1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), resulting in hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Treatment with small-interfering RNA against Orai1 (siOrai1) or an Orai1-overexpression plasmid effectively intervened the CDK5-mediated hyperphosphorylation of Tau. In summary, following hypoxic injury of neuron, the Orai1-induced expression of CDK5 leads to Tau hyperphosphorylation. Tau hyperphosphorylation is an important pathophysiological manifestation in AD patients. These results indicated that hypoxia induces HT-22 cell death by Orai1/CDK5 pathway mediated Tau hyperphosporylation. This study simulated the pathological process associated with AD and proposed that hypoxia of intravascular cells with normal blood oxygen saturation might be one of a pathogenic mechanisms of AD. Therefore, this work may provide a new theoretical basis for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Mental Health Center Affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Ling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Mental Health Center Affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuechun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Mental Health Center Affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Ou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Mental Health Center Affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Guo Y, Zhu J, Wang X, Li R, Jiang K, Chen S, Fan J, Xue L, Hao D. Orai1 Promotes Osteosarcoma Metastasis by Activating the Ras-Rac1-WAVE2 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9227-9236. [PMID: 31796725 PMCID: PMC6909920 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Orai1 plays a role in the metastasis of osteosarcoma. Material/Methods The expression of Orai1 was silenced by small interfering RNAs against Orai1 (Orai1 siRNA) in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Various experiments were carried out to detect the changes in migration, invasion, and adhesion ability of these osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, the activity of Rac1, Wave2, and Ras was detected using Western blot analysis. Moreover, the Rac1 and Ras inhibitors were used to confirm whether the Ras-Rac1-WAVE2 signaling pathway was involved in osteosarcoma metastasis promoted by Orai1. Results We found that the migration, invasion, and adhesion ability of MG-63 cells were significantly reduced after silencing Orai1 expression (p<0.05). Moreover, the activity of the Rac1-WAVE2 signaling pathway was significantly inhibited after silencing of Orai1 expression (p<0.05). After the Rac1 inhibitor was added, Orai1 siRNA could not further inhibit migration, invasion, and adhesion of the osteosarcoma cells. Further experiments showed that Ras activity was significantly inhibited after silencing Orai1 expression (p<0.05). Moreover, Orai1 siRNA did not further inhibit the activity of the Rac1-WAVE2 signaling pathway nor did it further inhibit the migration, invasion, and adhesion ability of osteosarcoma cells following the addition of Ras inhibitors. Conclusions Orai1 activates the Ras-Rac1-WAVE2 signaling pathway to promote metastasis of osteosarcoma. Abnormal expression or function of Orai1 may be an important cause of osteosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jinwen Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Kuo Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jinzhu Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Liujie Xue
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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ER Ca 2+ release and store-operated Ca 2+ entry - partners in crime or independent actors in oncogenic transformation? Cell Calcium 2019; 82:102061. [PMID: 31394337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a pleiotropic messenger that controls life and death decisions from fertilisation until death. Cellular Ca2+ handling mechanisms show plasticity and are remodelled throughout life to meet the changing needs of the cell. In turn, as the demands on a cell alter, for example through a change in its niche environment or its functional requirements, Ca2+ handling systems may be targeted to sustain the remodelled cellular state. Nowhere is this more apparent than in cancer. Oncogenic transformation is a multi-stage process during which normal cells become progressively differentiated towards a cancerous state that is principally associated with enhanced proliferation and avoidance of death. Ca2+ signalling is intimately involved in almost all aspects of the life of a transformed cell and alterations in Ca2+ handling have been observed in cancer. Moreover, this remodelling of Ca2+ signalling pathways is also required in some cases to sustain the transformed phenotype. As such, Ca2+ handling is hijacked by oncogenic processes to deliver and maintain the transformed phenotype. Central to generation of intracellular Ca2+ signals is the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum intracellular (ER) Ca2+ store via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs). Upon depletion of ER Ca2+, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) across the plasma membrane occurs via STIM-gated Orai channels. SOCE serves to both replenish stores but also sustain Ca2+ signalling events. Here, we will discuss the role and regulation of these two signalling pathways and their interplay in oncogenic transformation.
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Wegener C, Hasan G. ER-Ca2+ sensor STIM regulates neuropeptides required for development under nutrient restriction in Drosophila. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219719. [PMID: 31295329 PMCID: PMC6622525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine cells communicate via neuropeptides to regulate behaviour and physiology. This study examines how STIM (Stromal Interacting Molecule), an ER-Ca2+ sensor required for Store-operated Ca2+ entry, regulates neuropeptides required for Drosophila development under nutrient restriction (NR). We find two STIM-regulated peptides, Corazonin and short Neuropeptide F, to be required for NR larvae to complete development. Further, a set of secretory DLP (Dorso lateral peptidergic) neurons which co-express both peptides was identified. Partial loss of dSTIM caused peptide accumulation in the DLPs, and reduced systemic Corazonin signalling. Upon NR, larval development correlated with increased peptide levels in the DLPs, which failed to occur when dSTIM was reduced. Comparison of systemic and cellular phenotypes associated with reduced dSTIM, with other cellular perturbations, along with genetic rescue experiments, suggested that dSTIM primarily compromises neuroendocrine function by interfering with neuropeptide release. Under chronic stimulation, dSTIM also appears to regulate neuropeptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wegener
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre For Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
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20
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Secondo A, Petrozziello T, Tedeschi V, Boscia F, Vinciguerra A, Ciccone R, Pannaccione A, Molinaro P, Pignataro G, Annunziato L. ORAI1/STIM1 Interaction Intervenes in Stroke and in Neuroprotection Induced by Ischemic Preconditioning Through Store-Operated Calcium Entry. Stroke 2019; 50:1240-1249. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.024115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Secondo
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.S., T.P., V.T., F.B., A.V., R.C., A.P., P.M., G.P.)
| | - Tiziana Petrozziello
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.S., T.P., V.T., F.B., A.V., R.C., A.P., P.M., G.P.)
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.S., T.P., V.T., F.B., A.V., R.C., A.P., P.M., G.P.)
| | - Francesca Boscia
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.S., T.P., V.T., F.B., A.V., R.C., A.P., P.M., G.P.)
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.S., T.P., V.T., F.B., A.V., R.C., A.P., P.M., G.P.)
| | - Roselia Ciccone
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.S., T.P., V.T., F.B., A.V., R.C., A.P., P.M., G.P.)
| | - Anna Pannaccione
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.S., T.P., V.T., F.B., A.V., R.C., A.P., P.M., G.P.)
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.S., T.P., V.T., F.B., A.V., R.C., A.P., P.M., G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.S., T.P., V.T., F.B., A.V., R.C., A.P., P.M., G.P.)
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Prole DL, Taylor CW. Structure and Function of IP 3 Receptors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a035063. [PMID: 30745293 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), by releasing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of animal cells, allow Ca2+ to be redistributed from the ER to the cytosol or other organelles, and they initiate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). For all three IP3R subtypes, binding of IP3 primes them to bind Ca2+, which then triggers channel opening. We are now close to understanding the structural basis of IP3R activation. Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release regulated by IP3 allows IP3Rs to regeneratively propagate Ca2+ signals. The smallest of these regenerative events is a Ca2+ puff, which arises from the nearly simultaneous opening of a small cluster of IP3Rs. Ca2+ puffs are the basic building blocks for all IP3-evoked Ca2+ signals, but only some IP3 clusters, namely those parked alongside the ER-plasma membrane junctions where SOCE occurs, are licensed to respond. The location of these licensed IP3Rs may allow them to selectively regulate SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Prole
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
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22
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Thillaiappan NB, Chakraborty P, Hasan G, Taylor CW. IP 3 receptors and Ca 2+ entry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:1092-1100. [PMID: 30448464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are the most widely expressed intracellular Ca2+ release channels. Their activation by IP3 and Ca2+ allows Ca2+ to pass rapidly from the ER lumen to the cytosol. The resulting increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] may directly regulate cytosolic effectors or fuel Ca2+ uptake by other organelles, while the decrease in ER luminal [Ca2+] stimulates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). We are close to understanding the structural basis of both IP3R activation, and the interactions between the ER Ca2+-sensor, STIM, and the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel, Orai, that lead to SOCE. IP3Rs are the usual means through which extracellular stimuli, through ER Ca2+ release, stimulate SOCE. Here, we review evidence that the IP3Rs most likely to respond to IP3 are optimally placed to allow regulation of SOCE. We also consider evidence that IP3Rs may regulate SOCE downstream of their ability to deplete ER Ca2+ stores. Finally, we review evidence that IP3Rs in the plasma membrane can also directly mediate Ca2+ entry in some cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pragnya Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom.
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A Multicomponent Neuronal Response Encodes the Larval Decision to Pupariate upon Amino Acid Starvation. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10202-10219. [PMID: 30301757 PMCID: PMC6246885 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1163-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms need to coordinate growth with development, particularly in the context of nutrient availability. Thus, multiple ways have evolved to survive extrinsic nutrient deprivation during development. In Drosophila, growth occurs during larval development. Larvae are thus critically dependent on nutritional inputs; but after critical weight, they pupariate even when starved. How nutrient availability is coupled to the internal metabolic state for the decision to pupariate needs better understanding. We had earlier identified glutamatergic interneurons in the ventral ganglion that regulate pupariation on a protein-deficient diet. Here we report that Drosophila third instar larvae (either sex) sense arginine to evaluate their nutrient environment using an amino acid transporter Slimfast. The glutamatergic interneurons integrate external protein availability with internal metabolic state through neuropeptide signals. IP3-mediated calcium release and store-operated calcium entry are essential in these glutamatergic neurons for such integration and alter neuronal function by reducing the expression of multiple ion channels. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Coordinating growth with development, in the context of nutrient availability is a challenge for all organisms in nature. After attainment of “critical weight,” insect larvae can pupariate, even in the absence of nutrition. Mechanism(s) that stimulate appropriate cellular responses and allow normal development on a nutritionally deficient diet remain to be understood. Here, we demonstrate that nutritional deprivation, in postcritical weight larvae, is sensed by special sensory neurons through an amino acid transporter that detects loss of environmental arginine. This information is integrated by glutamatergic interneurons with the internal metabolic state through neuropeptide signals. These glutamatergic interneurons require calcium-signaling-regulated expression of a host of neuronal channels to generate complex calcium signals essential for pupariation on a protein-deficient diet.
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Nelson HA, Roe MW. Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:451-472. [PMID: 29363328 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218754524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum is an important component of Ca2+ signal transduction that controls numerous physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum is coupled to the activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry into cells. Store-operated Ca2+ entry provides Ca2+ for replenishing depleted endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and a Ca2+ signal that regulates Ca2+-dependent intracellular biochemical events. Central to connecting discharge of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores following G protein-coupled receptor activation with the induction of store-operated Ca2+ entry are stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2). These highly homologous endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane proteins function as sensors of the Ca2+ concentration within the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and activators of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. Emerging evidence indicates that in addition to their role in Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel gating and store-operated Ca2+ entry, STIM1 and STIM2 regulate other cellular signaling events. Recent studies have shown that disruption of STIM expression and function is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including autoimmune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and myopathies. Here, we provide an overview of the latest developments in the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of STIM1 and STIM2. Impact statement Intracellular Ca2+ signaling is a fundamentally important regulator of cell physiology. Recent studies have revealed that Ca2+-binding stromal interaction molecules (Stim1 and Stim2) expressed in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are essential components of eukaryote Ca2+ signal transduction that control the activity of ion channels and other signaling effectors present in the plasma membrane. This review summarizes the most recent information on the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules. We anticipate that the work presented in our review will provide new insights into molecular interactions that participate in interorganelle signaling crosstalk, cell function, and the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Nelson
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 12302 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michael W Roe
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 12302 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.,2 Department of Medicine, 12302 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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25
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Abstract
Intracellular calcium signals in neurons frequently derive from the stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) by neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and neurohormones. GPCR stimulation in neurons leads to generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which in turn activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized IP3 receptors. The IP3 receptor (IP3R) is a ligand-gated Ca2+ channel, which releases Ca2+ from ER stores. In Drosophila neurons it has been shown that depletion of ER Ca2+ store is followed by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through STIM and Orai, the ER Ca2+ sensor and the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel respectively. The elucidation of this Ca2+ signaling pathway in neurons has in part been possible due to the ease of genetic manipulation in Drosophila, which has allowed neuron-specific knockdown of various proteins of interest. This has been followed by standardization of conditions for culturing neurons from dissected brains of the relevant genotypes, such that they could be used for robust Ca2+ measurements by imaging with standard Ca2+ indicator dyes. Protocols for measurement of IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, passive depletion of ER Ca2+ store, and SOCE in primary cultures of Drosophila neurons are described here.
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Ca 2+ signals initiate at immobile IP 3 receptors adjacent to ER-plasma membrane junctions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1505. [PMID: 29138405 PMCID: PMC5686115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) release Ca2+ from the ER when they bind IP3 and Ca2+. The spatial organization of IP3Rs determines both the propagation of Ca2+ signals between IP3Rs and the selective regulation of cellular responses. Here we use gene editing to fluorescently tag endogenous IP3Rs, and super-resolution microscopy to determine the geography of IP3Rs and Ca2+ signals within living cells. We show that native IP3Rs cluster within ER membranes. Most IP3R clusters are mobile, moved by diffusion and microtubule motors. Ca2+ signals are generated by a small population of immobile IP3Rs. These IP3Rs are licensed to respond, but they do not readily mix with mobile IP3Rs. The licensed IP3Rs reside alongside ER-plasma membrane junctions where STIM1, which regulates store-operated Ca2+ entry, accumulates after depletion of Ca2+ stores. IP3Rs tethered close to ER-plasma membrane junctions are licensed to respond and optimally placed to be activated by endogenous IP3 and to regulate Ca2+ entry. IP3 receptors mediate Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here the authors show that only a small fraction of IP3 receptors initiate Ca2+ signals; these immobile IP3 receptors adjacent to the plasma membrane are optimally placed to control STIM1-dependent Ca2+ entry.
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Megha , Hasan G. Control of protein translation by IP 3R-mediated Ca 2+ release in Drosophila neuroendocrine cells. Fly (Austin) 2017; 11:0. [PMID: 28949794 PMCID: PMC5721944 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2017.1384103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is one of two Ca2+ channels that gates Ca2+ release from ER-stores. The ligand IP3, generated upon specific G-protein coupled receptor activation, binds to IP3R to release Ca2+ into the cytosol. IP3R also mediates ER-store Ca2+ release into the mitochondria, under basal as well as stimulatory conditions; an activity that influences cellular bioenergetics and thus, cellular growth and proliferation. In Drosophila neuroendocrine cells expressing a hypomorphic mutant of IP3R, we observed reduced protein translation levels. Here, we discuss the possible molecular mechanism for this observation. We hypothesise that the cellular energy sensor, AMPK connects IP3R mediated Ca2+ release into the mitochondria, to protein translation, via the TOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha
- National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
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Chakraborty S, Hasan G. Spontaneous Ca 2+ Influx in Drosophila Pupal Neurons Is Modulated by IP 3-Receptor Function and Influences Maturation of the Flight Circuit. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:111. [PMID: 28473752 PMCID: PMC5398029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are Ca2+ channels on the neuronal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. They are gated by IP3, produced upon external stimulation and activation of G protein-coupled receptors on the plasma membrane (PM). IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, and the resulting depletion of the ER store, triggers entry of extracellular Ca2+ by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Mutations in IP3R attenuate SOCE. Compromised IP3R function and SOCE during pupal development of Drosophila leads to flight deficits and mimics suppression of neuronal activity during pupal or adult development. To understand the effect of compromised IP3R function on pupal neuronal calcium signaling, we examined the effects of mutations in the IP3R gene (itpr) on Ca2+ signals in cultured neurons derived from Drosophila pupae. We observed increased spontaneous Ca2+ influx across the PM of isolated pupal neurons with mutant IP3R and also a loss of SOCE. Both spontaneous Ca2+ influx and reduced SOCE were reversed by over-expression of dOrai and dSTIM, which encode the SOCE Ca2+ channel and the ER Ca2+-sensor that regulates it, respectively. Expression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (cac, Ca-α1D and Ca-αT) was significantly reduced in itpr mutant neurons. However, expression of trp mRNAs and transient receptor potential (TRP) protein were increased, suggesting that TRP channels might contribute to the increased spontaneous Ca2+ influx in neurons with mutant IP3R. Thus, IP3R/SOCE modulates spontaneous Ca2+ influx and expression of PM Ca2+ channels in Drosophila pupal neurons. Spontaneous Ca2+ influx compensates for the loss of SOCE in Drosophilaitpr mutant neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Chakraborty
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangalore, India
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangalore, India
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Tshuva RY, Korkotian E, Segal M. ORAI1-dependent synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampal neurons. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 140:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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CRISPR-Cas-Induced Mutants Identify a Requirement for dSTIM in Larval Dopaminergic Cells of Drosophila melanogaster. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:923-933. [PMID: 28131984 PMCID: PMC5345722 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.038539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular components of store-operated calcium entry have been identified in the recent past and consist of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-resident calcium sensor STIM and the plasma membrane-localized calcium channel Orai. The physiological function of STIM and Orai is best defined in vertebrate immune cells. However, genetic studies with RNAi strains in Drosophila suggest a role in neuronal development and function. We generated a CRISPR-Cas-mediated deletion for the gene encoding STIM in Drosophila (dSTIM), which we demonstrate is larval lethal. To study STIM function in neurons, we merged the CRISPR-Cas9 method with the UAS-GAL4 system to generate either tissue- or cell type-specific inducible STIM knockouts (KOs). Our data identify an essential role for STIM in larval dopaminergic cells. The molecular basis for this cell-specific requirement needs further investigation.
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