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Kuuskmäe C, Philips MA, Kilk K, Haring L, Kangro R, Seppo I, Zilmer M, Vasar E. Kynurenine pathway dynamics in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders across the disease trajectory. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115423. [PMID: 37639988 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate how schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and applied long-term (5.1 years) antipsychotic (AP) treatment affect the serum levels of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites. A total of 112 adults (54 first-episode psychosis [FEP] patients and 58 control subjects [CSs]) participated in the study. The investigated changes in the metabolite levels appeared against a background of persistent increase in BMI and waist circumference among the patients. Regarding the kynurenine (KYN) pathway, the strongest changes were seen in AP-naïve FEP patients. Trp, KYN, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and anthranilic acid (ANT) levels were significantly reduced in blood samples from patients in the early stage of the disease. Furthermore, 3-OH-kynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) levels were somewhat lower in these patients. Most of these changes in the KYN pathway became weaker with AP treatment. The levels of serotonin and its metabolite 5-HIAA tended to be higher at 5.1 years in patients showing the relation of elevated serotonin turnover to increased BMI and waist circumference. The similar trend was evident for the ratio between xanthurenic acid (XA) and KYNA with strong link to the elevated BMI. Altogether, the present study supports the role of Trp-metabolites in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in SSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kuuskmäe
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mari-Anne Philips
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalle Kilk
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Haring
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia; Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Estonia
| | - Raul Kangro
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indrek Seppo
- School of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
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Liu L, Chen XL, Cai M, Yan RK, Cui HL, Yang H, Wang JJ. Zn-MOFs composites loaded with silver nanoparticles are used for fluorescence sensing pesticides, Trp, EDA and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 289:122228. [PMID: 36516589 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of pesticides, antibiotics, organic solvents, etc., not only deteriorates the ecological environment, but even affects the normal development of organisms, posing a serious threat to global public health.Efficient and sensitive detection of pesticides, antibiotics, organic solvents and so on are very important, but also a challenge to scientists. By depositing Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Zn-MOF (1: {[Zn2(bta)(bpy)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n), a new type of composite material (Ag@1) was successfully synthesized and analyzed by TEM, EDS, XPS, XRD, IR and other characterization methods. Ag@1 can serve as multi-response fluorescence sensor to detect pesticides (fluazinam (FLU) and emamectin benzoate (EMB)), Tryptophan (Trp) and Ethylenediamine (EDA). In particular, Ag@1 showed "turn-off" fluorescence sensing for FLU and EDA, and "turn-on" fluorescence sensing for EMB and Trp. It is worth mentioning that we further explored its analysis of FLU and Trp in real water samples and fetal bovine serum. The recoveries are satisfactory, 97.95 % - 102.39 % and 96.69 % - 101.85 %, respectively. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of Ag@1 was found to be excellent, the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) reached 86 %, and its degradation mechanism was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Yanan University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Xiao-Li Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Yanan University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Miao Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Yanan University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Rui-Kui Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Yanan University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Hua-Li Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Yanan University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Yanan University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Ji-Jiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Yanan University, Yan'an 716000, China
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Abstract
Hyponatremia, the phenomenon of serum sodium level falling below 135 mmol/L, is seen frequently in cancer patients and has been correlated with poor prognosis. Hyponatremia has classically been attributed to the "syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion," leading to prolonged fluid retention. However, this is unlikely to be the only mechanism. In this study, we advance the hypothesis that upregulation of various sodium-transporting proteins during the cancer process makes a significant contribution to the pathophysiology of cancer-associated hyponatremia. Such sodium-transporting proteins include voltage-gated sodium channels, especially its hypoxia-promoted persistent current, epithelial sodium channels, and transient receptor potential channels. Thus, hyponatremia follows cancer, whereby drop in blood serum level occurs as a result of uptake of sodium from extracellular fluid by cancer cells. Indeed, the sodium content of cancer cells/tissues is higher than normal. In turn, the rise in the intracellular sodium concentration brings about a range of cellular effects, including extracellular acidification that promotes invasiveness and thus leads to poor prognosis. This perspective offers novel therapies for cancer and the associated hyponatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa B A Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Lefkosa, North Cyprus
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Rudenko O, Shang J, Munk A, Ekberg JP, Petersen N, Engelstoft MS, Egerod KL, Hjorth SA, Wu M, Feng Y, Zhou YP, Mokrosinski J, Thams P, Reimann F, Gribble F, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Treebak JT, Howard AD, Schwartz TW. The aromatic amino acid sensor GPR142 controls metabolism through balanced regulation of pancreatic and gut hormones. Mol Metab 2019; 19:49-64. [PMID: 30472415 PMCID: PMC6323244 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GPR142, which is highly expressed in pancreatic islets, has recently been deorphanized as a receptor for aromatic amino acids; however, its physiological role and pharmacological potential is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We find that GPR142 is expressed not only in β- but also in α-cells of the islets as well as in enteroendocrine cells, and we confirm that GPR142 is a highly selective sensor of essential aromatic amino acids, in particular Trp and oligopeptides with N-terminal Trp. GPR142 knock-out mice displayed a very limited metabolic phenotype but demonstrated that L-Trp induced secretion of pancreatic and gut hormones is mediated through GPR142 but that the receptor is not required for protein-induced hormone secretion. A synthetic GPR142 agonist stimulated insulin and glucagon as well as GIP, CCK, and GLP-1 secretion. In particular, GIP secretion was sensitive to oral administration of the GPR142 agonist an effect which in contrast to the other hormones was blocked by protein load. Oral administration of the GPR142 agonist increased [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in muscle and fat depots mediated through insulin action while it lowered liver glycogen conceivably mediated through glucagon, and, consequently, it did not lower total blood glucose. Nevertheless, acute administration of the GPR142 agonist strongly improved oral glucose tolerance in both lean and obese mice as well as Zucker fatty rat. Six weeks in-feed chronic treatment with the GPR142 agonist did not affect body weight in DIO mice, but increased energy expenditure and carbohydrate utilization, lowered basal glucose, and improved insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS GPR142 functions as a sensor of aromatic amino acids, controlling GIP but also CCK and GLP-1 as well as insulin and glucagon in the pancreas. GPR142 agonists could have novel interesting potential in modifying metabolism through a balanced action of gut hormones as well as both insulin and glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rudenko
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jin Shang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Munk
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe P Ekberg
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalia Petersen
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja S Engelstoft
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siv A Hjorth
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margaret Wu
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Yue Feng
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Yun-Ping Zhou
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jacek Mokrosinski
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Thams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Section of Translational Metabolic Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew D Howard
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Chakraborty S, Hasan G. Spontaneous Ca 2+ Influx in Drosophila Pupal Neurons Is Modulated by IP 3-Receptor Function and Influences Maturation of the Flight Circuit. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:111. [PMID: 28473752 PMCID: PMC5398029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are Ca2+ channels on the neuronal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. They are gated by IP3, produced upon external stimulation and activation of G protein-coupled receptors on the plasma membrane (PM). IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, and the resulting depletion of the ER store, triggers entry of extracellular Ca2+ by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Mutations in IP3R attenuate SOCE. Compromised IP3R function and SOCE during pupal development of Drosophila leads to flight deficits and mimics suppression of neuronal activity during pupal or adult development. To understand the effect of compromised IP3R function on pupal neuronal calcium signaling, we examined the effects of mutations in the IP3R gene (itpr) on Ca2+ signals in cultured neurons derived from Drosophila pupae. We observed increased spontaneous Ca2+ influx across the PM of isolated pupal neurons with mutant IP3R and also a loss of SOCE. Both spontaneous Ca2+ influx and reduced SOCE were reversed by over-expression of dOrai and dSTIM, which encode the SOCE Ca2+ channel and the ER Ca2+-sensor that regulates it, respectively. Expression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (cac, Ca-α1D and Ca-αT) was significantly reduced in itpr mutant neurons. However, expression of trp mRNAs and transient receptor potential (TRP) protein were increased, suggesting that TRP channels might contribute to the increased spontaneous Ca2+ influx in neurons with mutant IP3R. Thus, IP3R/SOCE modulates spontaneous Ca2+ influx and expression of PM Ca2+ channels in Drosophila pupal neurons. Spontaneous Ca2+ influx compensates for the loss of SOCE in Drosophilaitpr mutant neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Chakraborty
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangalore, India
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangalore, India
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de Gerónimo E, Rodriguez Sawicki L, Bottasso Arias N, Franchini GR, Zamarreño F, Costabel MD, Córsico B, Falomir Lockhart LJ. IFABP portal region insertion during membrane interaction depends on phospholipid composition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:141-50. [PMID: 24148314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium and it belongs to the family of soluble lipid binding proteins. These proteins are thought to participate in most aspects of the biology of lipids, regulating its availability for specific metabolic pathways, targeting and vectorial trafficking of lipids to specific subcellular compartments. The present study is based on the ability of IFABP to interact with phospholipid membranes, and we characterized its immersion into the bilayer's hydrophobic central region occupied by the acyl-chains. We constructed a series of Trp-mutants of IFABP to selectively probe the interaction of different regions of the protein, particularly the elements forming the portal domain that is proposed to regulate the exit and entry of ligands to/from the binding cavity. We employed several fluorescent techniques based on selective quenching induced by soluble or membrane confined agents. The results indicate that the portal region of IFABP penetrates deeply into the phospholipid bilayer, especially when CL-containing vesicles are employed. The orientation of the protein and the degree of penetration were highly dependent on the lipid composition, the superficial net charge and the ionic strength of the medium. These results may be relevant to understand the mechanism of ligand transfer and the specificity responsible for the unique functions of each member of the FABP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de Gerónimo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT-La Plata (CONICET), Facultad de Cs. Médicas (UNLP), Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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7
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Stevenson M, McNaughton N. A comparison of phenylketonuria with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: do markedly different aetiologies deliver common phenotypes? Brain Res Bull 2013; 99:63-83. [PMID: 24140048 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a well-defined metabolic disorder arising from a mutation that disrupts phenylalanine metabolism and so produces a variety of neural changes indirectly. Severe cognitive impairment can be prevented by dietary treatment; however, residual symptoms may be reported. These residual symptoms appear to overlap a more prevalent childhood disorder: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the aetiology of ADHD is a vast contrast to PKU: it seems to arise from a complex combination of genes; and it has a substantial environmental component. We ask whether these two disorders result from two vastly different genotypes that converge on a specific core phenotype that includes similar dysfunctions of Gray's (Gray, 1982) Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), coupled with other disorder-specific dysfunctions. If so, we believe comparison of the commonalities will allow greater understanding of the neuropsychology of both disorders. We review in detail the aetiology, treatment, neural pathology, cognitive deficits and electrophysiological abnormalities of PKU; and compare this with selected directly matching aspects of ADHD. The biochemical and neural pathologies of PKU and ADHD are quite distinct in their causes and detail; but they result in the disorder in the brain of large amino acid levels, dopamine and white matter that are very similar and could explain the overlap of symptoms within and between the PKU and ADHD spectra. The common deficits affect visual function, motor function, attention, working memory, planning, and inhibition. For each of PKU and ADHD separately, a subset of deficits has been attributed to a primary dysfunction of behavioural inhibition. In the case of ADHD (excluding the inattentive subtype) this has been proposed to involve a specific failure of the BIS; and we suggest that this is also true of PKU. This accounts for a substantial proportion of the parallels in the superficial symptoms of both disorders and we see this as linked to prefrontal, rather than more general, dysfunction of the BIS.
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8
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Mazarei G, Budac DP, Lu G, Lee H, Möller T, Leavitt BR. The absence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression protects against NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in mouse brain. Exp Neurol 2013; 249:144-8. [PMID: 23994717 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that the expression and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (Ido1) are chronically elevated in the striatum of YAC128 mouse model of HD. This was followed by increased production of neurotoxic metabolite hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in the striatum of symptomatic mice. We therefore hypothesized that the chronic Ido1 induction in the striatum of YAC128 mice leads to increased neurotoxicity in this mouse model; based on this hypothesis, we predicted that the absence of Ido1 expression would result in decreased sensitivity to neurotoxicity in mice. The work described in this brief communication will include the characterization of Ido(-/-) striatum in terms of enzymatic expression and activity in the first step of the pathway. Additionally, we assessed the sensitivity of the striatum to excitotoxic insult in the absence of Ido1 expression in the striatum of constitutive Ido1 null mice (Ido(-/-)) and demonstrated that Ido(-/-) mice are less sensitive to QA-induced striatal neurotoxicity. Finally, through measurement of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites in Ido(-/-) mice, we showed decreased levels of 3-HK in the striatum of these mice. This study suggests that the inhibition of the first step in the KP may be neuroprotective and should be considered as a potential therapeutic target in HD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/enzymology
- Corpus Striatum/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Huntington Disease/enzymology
- Huntington Disease/genetics
- Huntington Disease/metabolism
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/biosynthesis
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/deficiency
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Quinolinic Acid/administration & dosage
- Quinolinic Acid/toxicity
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mazarei
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 980 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Bouyacoub Y, Zribi H, Azzouz H, Nasrallah F, Abdelaziz RB, Kacem M, Rekaya B, Messaoud O, Romdhane L, Charfeddine C, Bouziri M, Bouziri S, Tebib N, Mokni M, Kaabachi N, Boubaker S, Abdelhak S. Novel and recurrent mutations in the TAT gene in Tunisian families affected with Richner-Hanhart syndrome. Gene 2013; 529:45-9. [PMID: 23954227 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II, also designated as oculocutaneous tyrosinemia or Richner-Hanhart syndrome (RHS), is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder. In the present study, we report clinical features and molecular genetic investigation of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene in two young patients, both born to consanguineous unions between first-degree cousins. These two unrelated families originated from Northern and Southern Tunisia. The clinical diagnosis was based on the observation of several complications related to Richner-Hanhart syndrome: recurrent eye redness, tearing and burning pain, photophobia, bilateral pseudodendritic keratitis, an erythematous and painful focal palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis and a mild delay of mental development. The diagnosis was confirmed by biochemical analysis. Sequencing of the TAT gene revealed the presence of a previously reported missense mutation (c.452G>A, p.Cys151Tyr) in a Tunisian family, and a novel G duplication (c.869dupG, p.Trp291Leufs 6). Early diagnosis of RHS and protein-restricted diet are crucial to reduce the risk and the severity of long-term complications of hypertyrosinemia such as intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Bouyacoub
- Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT05, Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique, 1002 Tunis,Tunisia; Université de Monastire, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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10
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Chen G, Li J, Sun Z, Zhang S, Li G, Song C, Suo Y, You J. Rapid and sensitive ultrasonic-assisted derivatisation microextraction (UDME) technique for bitter taste-free amino acids (FAA) study by HPLC-FLD. Food Chem 2013; 143:97-105. [PMID: 24054218 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids, as the main contributors to taste, are usually found in relatively high levels in bitter foods. In this work, we focused on seeking a rapid, sensitive and simple method to determine FAA for large batches of micro-samples and to explore the relationship between FAA and bitterness. Overall condition optimisation indicated that the new UDME technique offered higher derivatisation yields and extraction efficiencies than traditional methods. Only 35min was needed in the whole operation process. Very low LLOQ (Lower limit of quantification: 0.21-5.43nmol/L) for FAA in twelve bitter foods was obtained, with which BTT (bitter taste thresholds) and CABT (content of FAA at BTT level) were newly determined. The ratio of CABT to BTT increased with decreasing of BTT. This work provided powerful potential for the high-throughput trace analysis of micro-sample and also a methodology to study the relationship between the chemical constituents and the taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
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11
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Sun J, Zhong H, Chen SY, Yao YG, Liu YP. Association between MT-CO3 haplotypes and high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan chicken. Gene 2013; 529:131-7. [PMID: 23850731 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutation in cytochrome c oxidase subunit III gene (MT-CO3) could influence the kinetics of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which catalyzes oxygen transport capacity in oxidative phosphorylation. However, the potential relationship between MT-CO3 variants and high-altitude adaptation remains poorly understood in Tibetan chicken. Here, we sequenced MT-CO3 gene of 125 Tibetan chickens and 144 Chinese domestic chickens in areas at a low elevation (below 1,000 m). Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected; and five of them (m.10081A>G, m.10115G>A, m.10270G>A, m.10336A>G and m.10447C>T) shared by Tibetan chicken and lowland chicken with the significant difference in their respective allele frequencies. Nine haplotypes (H1-H9) were finally defined. Among them, haplotype H4 was positively associated with high-altitude adaptation whereas haplotypes H6, H7 and H8 had negative association with high-altitude adaptation. The Median-joining profile suggested that haplotype H5 had the ancestral position to the other haplotypes but had no significant relationship with high-altitude adaptation. However, there was only m.10081A>G mutation differed from haplotype H4 and H5. Results also suggested that chickens with A allele at m.10081A>G, had over 2.6 times than those with G allele in the probability of the ability to adapt hypoxia. It suggests that the synonymous mutation m.10081A>G may be a prerequisite for shaping high-altitude adaptation-specific haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
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12
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Horiuchi M, Kanesada H, Miyata T, Watanabe K, Nishimura A, Kokubo T, Kirisako T. Ornithine ingestion improved sleep disturbances but was not associated with correction of blood tryptophan ratio in Japanese Antarctica expedition members during summer. Nutr Res 2013; 33:557-64. [PMID: 23827130 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Members of expeditions to Antarctica may show changes in biological and physiological parameters involved in lipid, glucose, and thyroid hormone metabolism as they adapt to the environment; however, alterations in amino acid (AA) levels and sleep among expedition members in Antarctica have yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that there would be alterations of blood AA levels, and ornithine (Orn) ingestion would affect biological parameters and sleep in Japanese expedition members during the summer in Antarctica. Japanese Antarctica Research Expedition members (22 people) who stayed in Antarctica for 3 months from December 2010 were examined, and a randomized double-blind study of Orn ingestion (400 mg/d) for 4 weeks was performed. Sleep conditions were evaluated subjectively by the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi (brief version) questionnaire. The blood of Japanese Antarctica Research Expedition members in Antarctica showed higher creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and ammonia levels than that in Japan. On blood AA analysis, aspartate, Orn, and serine were significantly higher, and alanine and tryptophan (Trp) were significantly lower in Antarctica than in Japan. The Trp ratio, the value of Trp divided by the sum of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and branched-chain AAs, was significantly lower in Antarctica than in Japan. Although sleep deteriorated during the stay in Antarctica, Orn ingestion, to some extent, improved sleep compared with the placebo group in Antarctica, suggesting that Orn is effective for people with heavy physical workloads in places such as Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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Cheol Park H, Cha JY, Yun DJ. Roles of YUCCAs in auxin biosynthesis and drought stress responses in plants. Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8:e24495. [PMID: 23603963 PMCID: PMC3907447 DOI: 10.4161/psb.24495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Auxin, a plant hormone, plays crucial roles in diverse aspects of plant growth and development reacting to and integrating environmental stimuli. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the major plant auxin that is synthesized by members of the YUCCA (YUC) family of flavin monooxygenases that catalyse a rate-limiting step. Although the paths to IAA biosynthesis are characterized in Arabidopsis, little is known about the corresponding components in potato. Recently, we isolated eight putative StYUC (Solanum tuberosum YUCCA) genes and five putative tryptophan aminotransferase genes in comparison to those found in Arabidopsis. (1) The specific domains of YUC proteins were well conserved in all StYUC amino acid sequences. Transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Jowon) overexpressing AtYUC6 showed high-auxin and enhanced drought tolerance phenotypes. The transgenic potatoes also exhibited reduced levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species) compared to control plants. We therefore propose that YUCCA and TAA families in potato would function in the auxin biosynthesis. The overexpression of AtYUC6 in potato establishes enhanced drought tolerance through regulated ROS homeostasis.
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Othman AM, Li S, Leblanc RM. Enhancing selectivity in spectrofluorimetric determination of tryptophan by using graphene oxide nanosheets. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 787:226-32. [PMID: 23830443 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of formaldehyde with amino acids followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to produce a fluorophore Norharman product is well known and was used for the spectrofluorimetric determination of l-tryptophan (Trp). This study aimed to use graphene oxide (GO) to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of Trp in presence of other amino acids and possible interfering compounds. Different parameters such as pH, temperature, incubation time, and concentrations of formaldehyde, H2O2 and GO were studied to optimize the condition of determination. Experimental data showed that the maximum fluorescence intensity was achieved in pH 7.0-9.0 phosphate buffer mixed with 7-10% (v/v) formaldehyde and 1-2% (v/v) H2O2 as oxidizing agent at 60°C for 1h. On the basis of calibration curve of various concentrations of Trp in the presence of 20 μg mL(-1) GO, the lower limit of detection (LOD) of Trp was determined as 0.092 nmol mL(-1) and the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3 nmol mL(-1). The selectivity of Trp in presence of other amino acids and possible interfering compounds were studied with and without GO. The data obtained after inner filter effect corrections revealed that the selectivity of Trp in presence of amino acids and other possible interfering agents was improved in the range of 76-96%, compared with that in absence of GO. The enhancement of selectivity in the presence of GO indicates that the Trp and other amino acid and possible interfering compounds were adsorbed by GO, and the selective uptaking of Trp-by the reaction with formaldehyde followed by oxidation with H2O2 at 60°C with high selectivity and sensitivity was achieved successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhameed M Othman
- Sadat CityUniversity, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City, Egypt.
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15
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Vogel KR, Arning E, Wasek BL, Bottiglieri T, Gibson KM. Characterization of 2-(methylamino)alkanoic acid capacity to restrict blood-brain phenylalanine transport in Pah enu2 mice: preliminary findings. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110 Suppl:S71-8. [PMID: 23999161 PMCID: PMC4077276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our laboratory seeks a pharmacotherapeutic intervention for PKU that utilizes non-physiological amino acids (NPAAs) to block the accumulation of phenylalanine (Phe) in the brain. In previous studies (Vogel et al. 2013), methylation of the amino group of 2-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) provided an enhanced degree of selectivity for Phe restriction into the brain of Pah(enu2) mice in comparison to unmethylated AIB, leading to the hypothesis that 2-(methylamino)alkanoic acid analogs of AIB might represent targeted inhibitors of Phe accretion into the brain. METHODS Pah(enu2) and control mice were intraperitoneally administered (500-750 mg/kg body weight, once daily; standard 19% protein diet) AIB, methyl AIB (MAIB), isovaline, and two MAIB analogs, 2-methyl-2-(methylamino)butanoic (MeVal) and 3-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoic (MePent) acids for one week, followed by brain and blood isolation for amino acid analyses using UPLC. RESULTS In the brain, AIB significantly reduced Phe accretion in Pah(enu2) mice, while MeVal significantly improved glutamine and aspartic acids. Four of five test compounds improved brain threonine and arginine levels. AIB, MAIB and IsoVal significantly reduced blood Phe, with no effect of any drug intervention on other sera amino acids. CONCLUSIONS Further evaluation of AIB and the 2-(methylamino)alkanoic acids as inhibitors of brain Phe accumulation in Pah(enu2) mice is warranted, with more detailed evaluations of route of administration, combinatorial intervention, and detailed toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara R. Vogel
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Erland Arning
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute and Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brandi L. Wasek
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute and Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute and Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K. Michael Gibson
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Section of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, SAC 525M, P.O. Box 1495, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA. Fax: +1 509 358 6673. (K.M. Gibson)
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