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Vandersteen AM, Weerakkody RA, Parry DA, Kanonidou C, Toddie-Moore DJ, Vandrovcova J, Darlay R, Santoyo-Lopez J, Meynert A, Kazkaz H, Grahame R, Cummings C, Bartlett M, Ghali N, Brady AF, Pope FM, van Dijk FS, Cordell HJ, Aitman TJ. Genetic complexity of diagnostically unresolved Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Med Genet 2024; 61:232-238. [PMID: 37813462 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are heritable disorders of connective tissue (HDCT), reclassified in the 2017 nosology into 13 subtypes. The genetic basis for hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) remains unknown. METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) was undertaken on 174 EDS patients recruited from a national diagnostic service for complex EDS and a specialist clinic for hEDS. Patients had already undergone expert phenotyping, laboratory investigation and gene sequencing, but were without a genetic diagnosis. Filtered WES data were reviewed for genes underlying Mendelian disorders and loci reported in EDS linkage, transcriptome and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A genetic burden analysis (Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) <0.05) incorporating 248 Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) controls sequenced as part of the UK10K study was undertaken using TASER methodology. RESULTS Heterozygous pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variants were identified in known EDS and Loeys-Dietz (LDS) genes. Multiple variants of uncertain significance where segregation and functional analysis may enable reclassification were found in genes associated with EDS, LDS, heritable thoracic aortic disease (HTAD), Mendelian disorders with EDS symptomatology and syndromes with EDS-like features. Genetic burden analysis revealed a number of novel loci, although none reached the threshold for genome-wide significance. Variants with biological plausibility were found in genes and pathways not currently associated with EDS or HTAD. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the clinical utility of large panel-based sequencing and WES for patients with complex EDS in distinguishing rare EDS subtypes, LDS and related syndromes. Although many of the P and LP variants reported in this cohort would be identified with current panel testing, they were not at the time of this study, highlighting the use of extended panels and WES as a clinical tool for complex EDS. Our results are consistent with the complex genetic architecture of EDS and suggest a number of novel hEDS and HTAD candidate genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Vandersteen
- Maritime Medical Genetics Service, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ruwan A Weerakkody
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - David A Parry
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christina Kanonidou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Toddie-Moore
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Street Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Darlay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Alison Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hanadi Kazkaz
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rodney Grahame
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carole Cummings
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marion Bartlett
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neeti Ghali
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Angela F Brady
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Michael Pope
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fleur S van Dijk
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome National Diagnostic Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Li X, Wang J. Mechanical tumor microenvironment and transduction: cytoskeleton mediates cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2014-2028. [PMID: 32549750 PMCID: PMC7294938 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.44943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complicated, multistep process that is responsible for over 90% of cancer-related death. Metastatic disease or the movement of cancer cells from one site to another requires dramatic remodeling of the cytoskeleton. The regulation of cancer cell migration is determined not only by biochemical factors in the microenvironment but also by the biomechanical contextual information provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM). The responses of the cytoskeleton to chemical signals are well characterized and understood. However, the mechanisms of response to mechanical signals in the form of externally applied force and forces generated by the ECM are still poorly understood. Furthermore, understanding the way cellular mechanosensors interact with the physical properties of the microenvironment and transmit the signals to activate the cytoskeletal movements may help identify an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer. Here, we will discuss the role of tumor microenvironment during cancer metastasis and how physical forces remodel the cytoskeleton through mechanosensing and transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China
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Lacolley P, Regnault V, Laurent S. Mechanisms of Arterial Stiffening: From Mechanotransduction to Epigenetics. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1055-1062. [PMID: 32075419 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications causing isolated systolic hypertension and increased pulse pressure in the microvasculature of target organs. Stiffening of the arterial wall is determined by common mechanisms including reduced elastin/collagen ratio, production of elastin cross-linking, reactive oxygen species-induced inflammation, calcification, vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction. This brief review will discuss current biological mechanisms by which other cardiovascular risk factors (eg, aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease) cause arterial stiffness, with a particular focus on recent advances regarding nuclear mechanotransduction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, metabolism and dyslipidemia, genome mutations, and epigenetics. Targeting these different molecular pathways at different time of cardiovascular risk factor exposure may be a novel approach for discovering drugs to reduce arterial stiffening without affecting artery strength and normal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lacolley
- From the INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France (P.L., V.R.).,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.L., V.R.)
| | - Véronique Regnault
- From the INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France (P.L., V.R.).,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.L., V.R.)
| | - Stéphane Laurent
- Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France (S.L.).,PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France (S.L.).,University Paris Descartes, France (S.L.)
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Pang SM, Le S, Kwiatkowski AV, Yan J. Mechanical stability of αT-catenin and its activation by force for vinculin binding. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1930-1937. [PMID: 31318313 PMCID: PMC6727763 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-02-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
αT (Testes)-catenin, a critical factor regulating cell-cell adhesion in the heart, directly couples the cadherin-catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton at the intercalated disk (ICD), a unique cell-cell junction that couples cardiomyocytes. Loss of αT-catenin in mice reduces plakophilin2 and connexin 43 recruitment to the ICD. Since αT-catenin is subjected to mechanical stretch during actomyosin contraction in cardiomyocytes, its activity could be regulated by mechanical force. To provide insight in how force regulates αT-catenin function, we investigated the mechanical stability of the putative, force-sensing middle (M) domain of αT-catenin and determined how force impacts vinculin binding to αT-catenin. We show that 1) physiological levels of force, <15 pN, are sufficient to unfold the three M domains; 2) the M1 domain that harbors the vinculin-binding site is unfolded at ∼6 pN; and 3) unfolding of the M1 domain is necessary for high-affinity vinculin binding. In addition, we quantified the binding kinetics and affinity of vinculin to the mechanically exposed binding site in M1 and observed that αT-catenin binds vinculin with low nanomolar affinity. These results provide important new insights into the mechanosensing properties of αT-catenin and how αT-catenin regulates cell-cell adhesion at the cardiomyocyte ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Pang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Shimin Le
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Adam V. Kwiatkowski
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546
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Zong D, Jiang N, Xu JH, Wang DJ, Zhu HF, Wu LR, Chen C, Yin L, He X. ZNF488 is an independent prognostic indicator in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and promotes cell adhesion and proliferation via collagen IV/FAK/AKT/Cyclin D1 pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5871-5882. [PMID: 31303793 PMCID: PMC6605772 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: ZNF488 acts as an oncogene which promotes cell invasion and endows tumor cells stem cell capacity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' survival in NPC remain undefined. Methods: In this study, 158 cases of confirmed NPC were subjected to immunohistochemistry staining for evaluating endogenous expression. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to estimate the survival rates. The relationship between ZNF488 and clinicopathological characteristics was statistically calculated by chi-squared test, univariate and multivariate analysis. In addition, adhesion assay, MTT and colony formation assays were performed for measuring adhesion and proliferation capacity. Cell cycle analysis via flow cytometry was conducted to explore cell cycle distribution. Western blot was used to detect pathway protein levels, and the pFAK (Y397) kit was used for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. Results: We demonstrated that high expression of ZNF488 was significantly correlated with locoregional failure (P=0.018) and distant metastasis (P=0.001). Patients with high ZNF488 expression had poorer overall survival (P<0.001), loco-regional recurrence-free survival (P<0.001), distance metastasis-free survival (P<0.001) and progression-free survival (P<0.001) than those with low ZNF488 group. Multivariate analysis showed that ZNF488 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for predicting NPC patients' survival (HR, 3.314; 95% CI, 1.489-7.386; P=0.003). Additionally, ZNF488-induced collagen IV/FAK/AKT to enhance adhesion ability meanwhile led to the upregulation of Cyclin D1 to facilitate cell proliferation through promoting cell cycle progression and inhibition of apoptosis through caspase-independent way. Conclusion: These results reveal that ZNF488, as an independent prognostic indicator, promotes cell adhesion and proliferation through collagen IV/FAK/AKT/Cyclin D1 pathway in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Feng Zhu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Rong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia He
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
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