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Anjur-Dietrich MI, Gomez Hererra V, Farhadifar R, Wu H, Merta H, Bahmanyar S, Shelley MJ, Needleman DJ. Mechanics of spindle orientation in human mitotic cells is determined by pulling forces on astral microtubules and clustering of cortical dynein. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00340-X. [PMID: 38866013 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The forces that orient the spindle in human cells remain poorly understood due to a lack of direct mechanical measurements in mammalian systems. We use magnetic tweezers to measure the force on human mitotic spindles. Combining the spindle's measured resistance to rotation, the speed at which it rotates after laser ablating astral microtubules, and estimates of the number of ablated microtubules reveals that each microtubule contacting the cell cortex is subject to ∼5 pN of pulling force, suggesting that each is pulled on by an individual dynein motor. We find that the concentration of dynein at the cell cortex and extent of dynein clustering are key determinants of the spindle's resistance to rotation, with little contribution from cytoplasmic viscosity, which we explain using a biophysically based mathematical model. This work reveals how pulling forces on astral microtubules determine the mechanics of spindle orientation and demonstrates the central role of cortical dynein clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya I Anjur-Dietrich
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Vicente Gomez Hererra
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Reza Farhadifar
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Haiyin Wu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Holly Merta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shirin Bahmanyar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael J Shelley
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Daniel J Needleman
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
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2
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Anjur-Dietrich MI, Hererra VG, Farhadifar R, Wu H, Merta H, Bahmanyar S, Shelley MJ, Needleman DJ. Clustering of cortical dynein regulates the mechanics of spindle orientation in human mitotic cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557210. [PMID: 37745442 PMCID: PMC10515834 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The forces which orient the spindle in human cells remain poorly understood due to a lack of direct mechanical measurements in mammalian systems. We use magnetic tweezers to measure the force on human mitotic spindles. Combining the spindle's measured resistance to rotation, the speed it rotates after laser ablating astral microtubules, and estimates of the number of ablated microtubules reveals that each microtubule contacting the cell cortex is subject to ~1 pN of pulling force, suggesting that each is pulled on by an individual dynein motor. We find that the concentration of dynein at the cell cortex and extent of dynein clustering are key determinants of the spindle's resistance to rotation, with little contribution from cytoplasmic viscosity, which we explain using a biophysically based mathematical model. This work reveals how pulling forces on astral microtubules determine the mechanics of spindle orientation and demonstrates the central role of cortical dynein clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya I. Anjur-Dietrich
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vicente Gomez Hererra
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Reza Farhadifar
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Haiyin Wu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Holly Merta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shirin Bahmanyar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael J. Shelley
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Daniel J. Needleman
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
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3
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Gasparski AN, Moissoglu K, Pallikkuth S, Meydan S, Guydosh NR, Mili S. mRNA Location and Translation Rate Determine Protein Targeting to Dual Destinations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538105. [PMID: 37163129 PMCID: PMC10168211 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous proteins are targeted to two or multiple subcellular destinations where they exert distinct functional consequences. The balance between such differential targeting is thought to be determined post-translationally, relying on protein sorting mechanisms. Here, we show that protein targeting can additionally be determined by mRNA location and translation rate, through modulating protein binding to specific interacting partners. Peripheral localization of the NET1 mRNA and fast translation lead to higher cytosolic retention of the NET1 protein, through promoting its binding to the membrane-associated scaffold protein CASK. By contrast, perinuclear mRNA location and/or slower translation rate favor nuclear targeting, through promoting binding to importins. This mRNA location-dependent mechanism is modulated by physiological stimuli and profoundly impacts NET1 function in cell motility. These results reveal that the location of protein synthesis and the rate of translation elongation act in coordination as a 'partner-selection' mechanism that robustly influences protein distribution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Gasparski
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Konstadinos Moissoglu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Sandeep Pallikkuth
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Sezen Meydan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas R. Guydosh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Stavroula Mili
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
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4
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Veljačić Visković D, Lozić M, Vukoja M, Šoljić V, Vukojević K, Glavina Durdov M, Filipović N, Lozić B. Spatio-Temporal Expression Pattern of CAKUT Candidate Genes DLG1 and KIF12 during Human Kidney Development. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020340. [PMID: 36830709 PMCID: PMC9953652 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate expression of the novel susceptibility genes for CAKUT, DLG1 and KIF12, proposed by a systematic in silico approach, in developing and postnatal healthy human kidneys to provide information about their spatiotemporal expression pattern. We analyzed expression of their protein products by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence and quantified relative mRNA levels by RT-qPCR. Statistically significant differences in expression patterns were observed between certain developmental stages. Strong expression of DLG1 was observed in the developing kidney, with a gradual decrease from the first phase of kidney development (Ph1) until the third phase (Ph3), when most nephrons are formed; at later stages, the highest expression was observed in the tubules. KIF12 was highly expressed in the developing structures, especially in Ph1, with a gradual decrease until the postnatal phase, which would indicate a significant role in nephrogenesis. Co-localization of DLG1 and KIF12 was pronounced in Ph1, especially on the apical side of the tubular epithelial cells. Thereafter, their expression gradually became weaker and was only visible as punctate staining in Ph4. The direct association of DLG1 with KIF12 as control genes of normal kidney development may reveal their new functional aspect in renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirela Lozić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557-800
| | - Martina Vukoja
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Violeta Šoljić
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Merica Glavina Durdov
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Bernarda Lozić
- Paediatric Diseases Department, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
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5
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Chann AS, Chen Y, Kinwel T, Humbert PO, Russell SM. Scribble and E-cadherin cooperate to control symmetric daughter cell positioning by multiple mechanisms. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286705. [PMID: 36661138 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of the two daughter cells is intimately connected to their positioning, which is in turn regulated by cell junction remodelling and orientation of the mitotic spindle. How multiple cues are integrated to dictate the ultimate positioning of daughters is not clear. Here, we identify novel mechanisms of regulation of daughter positioning in single MCF10A cells. The polarity protein, Scribble cooperates with E-cadherin for sequential roles in daughter positioning. First Scribble stabilises E-cadherin at the mitotic cortex as well as the retraction fibres, to mediate spindle orientation. Second, Scribble re-locates to the junction between the two daughters to allow a new E-cadherin-based-interface to form between them, influencing the width of the nascent daughter-daughter junction and subsequent cell positioning. Thus, E-cadherin and Scribble dynamically relocate to different intracellular sites during cell division to orient the mitotic spindle and control placement of the daughter cells after cell division. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchi S Chann
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000Australia
| | - Ye Chen
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000Australia
| | - Tanja Kinwel
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah M Russell
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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6
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Fankhaenel M, Hashemi FSG, Mourao L, Lucas E, Hosawi MM, Skipp P, Morin X, Scheele CLGJ, Elias S. Annexin A1 is a polarity cue that directs mitotic spindle orientation during mammalian epithelial morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:151. [PMID: 36631478 PMCID: PMC9834401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oriented cell divisions are critical for the formation and maintenance of structured epithelia. Proper mitotic spindle orientation relies on polarised anchoring of force generators to the cell cortex by the evolutionarily conserved protein complex formed by the Gαi subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, the Leucine-Glycine-Asparagine repeat protein (LGN) and the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein. However, the polarity cues that control cortical patterning of this ternary complex remain largely unknown in mammalian epithelia. Here we identify the membrane-associated protein Annexin A1 (ANXA1) as an interactor of LGN in mammary epithelial cells. Annexin A1 acts independently of Gαi to instruct the accumulation of LGN and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein at the lateral cortex to ensure cortical anchoring of Dynein-Dynactin and astral microtubules and thereby planar alignment of the mitotic spindle. Loss of Annexin A1 randomises mitotic spindle orientation, which in turn disrupts epithelial architecture and luminogenesis in three-dimensional cultures of primary mammary epithelial cells. Our findings establish Annexin A1 as an upstream cortical cue that regulates LGN to direct planar cell divisions during mammalian epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fankhaenel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Farahnaz S Golestan Hashemi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Larissa Mourao
- VIB-KULeuven Center for Cancer Biology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emily Lucas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Manal M Hosawi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Paul Skipp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Proteomic Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Xavier Morin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Salah Elias
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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7
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GPR125 (ADGRA3) is an autocleavable adhesion GPCR that traffics with Dlg1 to the basolateral membrane and regulates epithelial apico-basal polarity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102475. [PMID: 36089063 PMCID: PMC9539791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion family of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is defined by an N-terminal large extracellular region that contains various adhesion-related domains and a highly-conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain, the latter of which is located immediately before a canonical seven-transmembrane domain. These receptors are expressed widely and involved in various functions including development, angiogenesis, synapse formation, and tumorigenesis. GPR125 (ADGRA3), an orphan adhesion GPCR, has been shown to modulate planar cell polarity in gastrulating zebrafish, but its biochemical properties and role in mammalian cells have remained largely unknown. Here, we show that human GPR125 likely undergoes cis-autoproteolysis when expressed in canine kidney epithelial MDCK cells and human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. The cleavage appears to occur at an atypical GPCR proteolysis site within the GAIN domain during an early stage of receptor biosynthesis. The products, i.e., the N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, seem to remain associated after self-proteolysis, as observed in other adhesion GPCRs. Furthermore, in polarized MDCK cells, GPR125 is exclusively recruited to the basolateral domain of the plasma membrane. The recruitment likely requires the C-terminal PDZ-domain–binding motif of GPR125 and its interaction with the cell polarity protein Dlg1. Knockdown of GPR125 as well as that of Dlg1 results in formation of aberrant cysts with multiple lumens in Matrigel 3D culture of MDCK cells. Consistent with the multilumen phenotype, mitotic spindles are incorrectly oriented during cystogenesis in GPR125-KO MDCK cells. Thus, the basolateral protein GPR125, an autocleavable adhesion GPCR, appears to play a crucial role in apicobasal polarization in epithelial cells.
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8
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Donà F, Eli S, Mapelli M. Insights Into Mechanisms of Oriented Division From Studies in 3D Cellular Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:847801. [PMID: 35356279 PMCID: PMC8959941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.847801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are key elements of tissue organization. In developing tissues, cellular proliferation and differentiation are under the tight regulation of morphogenetic programs, that ensure the correct organ formation and functioning. In these processes, mitotic rates and division orientation are crucial in regulating the velocity and the timing of the forming tissue. Division orientation, specified by mitotic spindle placement with respect to epithelial apico-basal polarity, controls not only the partitioning of cellular components but also the positioning of the daughter cells within the tissue, and hence the contacts that daughter cells retain with the surrounding microenvironment. Daughter cells positioning is important to determine signal sensing and fate, and therefore the final function of the developing organ. In this review, we will discuss recent discoveries regarding the mechanistics of planar divisions in mammalian epithelial cells, summarizing technologies and model systems used to study oriented cell divisions in vitro such as three-dimensional cysts of immortalized cells and intestinal organoids. We also highlight how misorientation is corrected in vivo and in vitro, and how it might contribute to the onset of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Donà
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Eli
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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9
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Mechanoregulation of PDZ Proteins, An Emerging Function. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2256:257-275. [PMID: 34014527 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1166-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces have emerged as essential regulators of cell organization, proliferation, migration, and polarity to regulate cellular and tissue homeostasis. Changes in forces or loss of the cellular response to them can result in abnormal embryonic development and diseases. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been put in deciphering the molecular mechanisms that convert forces into biochemical signals, allowing for the identification of many mechanotransducer proteins. Here we discuss how PDZ proteins are emerging as new mechanotransducer proteins by altering their conformations or localizations upon force loads, leading to the formation of macromolecular modules tethering the cell membrane to the actin cytoskeleton.
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10
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Tibbe D, Pan YE, Reißner C, Harms FL, Kreienkamp HJ. Functional analysis of CASK transcript variants expressed in human brain. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253223. [PMID: 34133460 PMCID: PMC8208546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-/calmodulin dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) belongs to the membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUK) family of proteins. It fulfils several different cellular functions, ranging from acting as a scaffold protein to transcription control, as well as regulation of receptor sorting. CASK functions depend on the interaction with a variety of partners, for example neurexin, liprin-α, Tbr1 and SAP97. So far, it is uncertain how these seemingly unrelated interactions and resulting functions of CASK are regulated. Here, we show that alternative splicing of CASK can guide the binding affinity of CASK isoforms to distinct interaction partners. We report seven different variants of CASK expressed in the fetal human brain. Four out of these variants are not present in the NCBI GenBank database as known human variants. Functional analyses showed that alternative splicing affected the affinities of CASK variants for several of the tested interaction partners. Thus, we observed a clear correlation of the presence of one splice insert with poor binding of CASK to SAP97, supported by molecular modelling. The alternative splicing and distinct properties of CASK variants in terms of protein-protein interaction should be taken into consideration for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Tibbe
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yingzhou Edward Pan
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Reißner
- Institut für Anatomie und Molekulare Neurobiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frederike L. Harms
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Lin H, Yang Y, Hou C, Huang Y, Zhou L, Zheng J, Lv G, Mao R, Chen S, Xu P, Zhou Y, Wang P, Zhou D. Validation of the functions and prognostic values of synapse-associated proteins in lower-grade glioma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210391. [PMID: 33969375 PMCID: PMC8164110 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapse and synapse-associated proteins (SAPs) play critical roles in various neurodegeneration diseases and brain tumors. However, in lower-grade gliomas (LGG), SAPs have not been explored systematically. Herein, we are going to explore SAPs expression profile and its clinicopathological significance in LGG which can offer new insights to glioma therapy. In the present study, we integrate a list of SAPs that covered 231 proteins with synaptogenesis activity and post synapse formation. The LGG RNA-seq data were downloaded from GEO, TCGA and CGGA database. The prognosis associated SAPs in key modules of PPI (protein-protein interaction networks) was regarded as hub SAPs. Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunochemistry results from HPA database were used to verify the expression of hub SAPs. There were 68 up-regulated SAPs and 44 down-regulated SAPs in LGG tissue compared with normal brain tissue. Data from function enrichment analysis revealed functions of differentially expressed SAPs in synapse organization and glutamatergic receptor pathway in LGGs. Survival analysis revealed that four SAPs, GRIK2, GABRD, GRID2 and ARC were correlate with the prognosis of LGG patients. Interestingly, we found that GABRD were up-regulated in LGG patients with seizures, indicating that SAPs may link to the pathogenesis of seizures in glioma patients. The four-SAPs signature was revealed as an independent prognostic factor in gliomas. Our study presented a novel strategy to assess the prognostic risks of LGGs, based on the expression of SAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongxian Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- International Department, Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanwei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Peihong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Porter AP, Reed H, White GRM, Ogg EL, Whalley HJ, Malliri A. The RAC1 activator Tiam1 regulates centriole duplication through controlling PLK4 levels. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252502. [PMID: 33758078 PMCID: PMC8075378 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriole duplication is tightly controlled to maintain correct centriole number through the cell cycle. Key to this is the regulated degradation of PLK4, the master regulator of centriole duplication. Here, we show that the Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Tiam1 localises to centrosomes during S-phase, where it is required for the maintenance of normal centriole number. Depletion of Tiam1 leads to an increase in centrosomal PLK4 and centriole overduplication, whereas overexpression of Tiam1 can restrict centriole overduplication. Ultimately, Tiam1 depletion leads to lagging chromosomes at anaphase and aneuploidy, which are potential drivers of malignant progression. The effects of Tiam1 depletion on centrosomal PLK4 levels and centriole overduplication can be rescued by re-expression of both wild-type Tiam1 and catalytically inactive (GEF*) Tiam1, but not by Tiam1 mutants unable to bind to the F-box protein βTRCP (also known as F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A) implying that Tiam1 regulates PLK4 levels through promoting βTRCP-mediated degradation independently of Rac1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Porter
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
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Silva B, Niehage C, Maglione M, Hoflack B, Sigrist SJ, Wassmer T, Pavlowsky A, Preat T. Interactions between amyloid precursor protein-like (APPL) and MAGUK scaffolding proteins contribute to appetitive long-term memory in Drosophila melanogaster. J Neurogenet 2020; 34:92-105. [PMID: 31965876 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2020.1712597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid beta peptide, plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a pathology characterized by memory decline and synaptic loss upon aging. Understanding the physiological role of APP is fundamental in deciphering the progression of AD, and several studies suggest a synaptic function via protein-protein interactions. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether and how these interactions contribute to memory. In Drosophila, we previously showed that APP-like (APPL), the fly APP homolog, is required for aversive associative memory in the olfactory memory center, the mushroom body (MB). In the present study, we show that APPL is required for appetitive long-term memory (LTM), another form of associative memory, in a specific neuronal subpopulation of the MB, the α'/β' Kenyon cells. Using a biochemical approach, we identify the synaptic MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) proteins X11, CASK, Dlgh2 and Dlgh4 as interactants of the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Next, we show that the Drosophila homologs CASK and Dlg are also required for appetitive LTM in the α'/β' neurons. Finally, using a double RNAi approach, we demonstrate that genetic interactions between APPL and CASK, as well as between APPL and Dlg, are critical for appetitive LTM. In summary, our results suggest that APPL contributes to associative long-term memory through its interactions with the main synaptic scaffolding proteins CASK and Dlg. This function should be conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryon Silva
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Marta Maglione
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wassmer
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice Pavlowsky
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Preat
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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First person – Andrew Porter. J Cell Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Andrew Porter is first author on ‘The interaction between CASK and the tumour suppressor Dlg1 regulates mitotic spindle orientation in mammalian epithelia’, published in JCS. Andrew is a postdoc in the lab of Prof. Angeliki Malliri at the Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, investigating how abnormal mitotic events – spindle misorientation, centriole defects and chromosomal instability – contribute to tumourigenesis.
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