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Govendir MA, Kempe D, Sianati S, Cremasco J, Mazalo JK, Colakoglu F, Golo M, Poole K, Biro M. T cell cytoskeletal forces shape synapse topography for targeted lysis via membrane curvature bias of perforin. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2237-2247.e8. [PMID: 36113483 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) lyse target cells by delivering lytic granules that contain the pore former perforin to the cytotoxic immunological synapse. Here, we establish that opposing cytoskeletal forces drive lytic granule polarization and simultaneously shape T cell synapse topography to enhance target perforation. At the cell rear, actomyosin contractility drives the anterograde movement of lytic granules toward the nucleus. At the synapse, dynein-derived forces induce negatively curved membrane pockets to which granules are transported around the nucleus. These highly concave degranulation pockets are located directly opposite positively curved bulges on the target cell membrane. We identify a curvature bias in the action of perforin, which preferentially perforates positively curved tumor cell membrane. Together, these findings demonstrate murine and human T cell-mediated cytotoxicity to be a highly tuned mechano-biochemical system, in which the forces that polarize lytic granules locally bend the synaptic membrane to favor the unidirectional perforation of the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt A Govendir
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Daryan Kempe
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Setareh Sianati
- Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James Cremasco
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica K Mazalo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Feyza Colakoglu
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Matteo Golo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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2
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Cavanagh H, Kempe D, Mazalo JK, Biro M, Endres RG. T cell morphodynamics reveal periodic shape oscillations in three-dimensional migration. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220081. [PMID: 35537475 PMCID: PMC9090490 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells use sophisticated shape dynamics (morphodynamics) to migrate towards and neutralize infected and cancerous cells. However, there is limited quantitative understanding of the migration process in three-dimensional extracellular matrices (ECMs) and across timescales. Here, we leveraged recent advances in lattice light-sheet microscopy to quantitatively explore the three-dimensional morphodynamics of migrating T cells at high spatio-temporal resolution. We first developed a new shape descriptor based on spherical harmonics, incorporating key polarization information of the uropod. We found that the shape space of T cells is low-dimensional. At the behavioural level, run-and-stop migration modes emerge at approximately 150 s, and we mapped the morphodynamic composition of each mode using multiscale wavelet analysis, finding 'stereotyped' motifs. Focusing on the run mode, we found morphodynamics oscillating periodically (every approx. 100 s) that can be broken down into a biphasic process: front-widening with retraction of the uropod, followed by a rearward surface motion and forward extension, where intercalation with the ECM in both of these steps likely facilitates forward motion. Further application of these methods may enable the comparison of T cell migration across different conditions (e.g. differentiation, activation, tissues and drug treatments) and improve the precision of immunotherapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Cavanagh
- Imperial College London, Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Daryan Kempe
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica K Mazalo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert G Endres
- Imperial College London, Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, London SW7 2BU, UK
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3
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Arora A, Niño JLG, Myaing MZ, Chia S, Arasi B, Ravasio A, Huang RYJ, Dasgupta R, Biro M, Viasnoff V. Two high-yield complementary methods to sort cell populations by their 2D or 3D migration speed. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2779-2790. [PMID: 33085550 PMCID: PMC7851856 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-07-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential to migrate is one of the most fundamental functions for various epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells. Image analysis of motile cell populations, both primary and cultured, typically reveals an intercellular variability in migration speeds. However, cell migration chromatography, the sorting of large populations of cells based on their migratory characteristics, cannot be easily performed. The lack of such methods has hindered our understanding of the direct correlation between the capacity to migrate and other cellular properties. Here, we report two novel, easily implementable and readily scalable methods to sort millions of live migratory cancer and immune cells based on their spontaneous migration in two-dimensional and three-dimensional microenvironments, respectively. Correlative downstream transcriptomic, molecular and functional tests reveal marked differences between the fast and slow subpopulations in patient-derived cancer cells. We further employ our method to reveal that sorting the most migratory cytotoxic T lymphocytes yields a pool of cells with enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells. This phenotypic assay opens new avenues for the precise characterization of the mechanisms underlying hither to unexplained heterogeneities in migratory phenotypes within a cell population, and for the targeted enrichment of the most potent migratory leukocytes in immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Arora
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Jorge Luis Galeano Niño
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Myint Zu Myaing
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Shumei Chia
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore/A*STAR, Singapore 138632
| | - Bakya Arasi
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599
| | - Ramanuj Dasgupta
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore/A*STAR, Singapore 138632
| | - Maté Biro
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore/A*STAR, Singapore 138632
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhang X, Mariano CF, Ando Y, Shen K. Bioengineering tools for probing intracellular events in T lymphocytes. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1510. [PMID: 33073545 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are the central coordinator and executor of many immune functions. The activation and function of T lymphocytes are mediated through the engagement of cell surface receptors and regulated by a myriad of intracellular signaling network. Bioengineering tools, including imaging modalities and fluorescent probes, have been developed and employed to elucidate the cellular events throughout the functional lifespan of T cells. A better understanding of these events can broaden our knowledge in the immune systems biology, as well as accelerate the development of effective diagnostics and immunotherapies. Here we review the commonly used and recently developed techniques and probes for monitoring T lymphocyte intracellular events, following the order of intracellular events in T cells from activation, signaling, metabolism to apoptosis. The techniques introduced here can be broadly applied to other immune cells and cell systems. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Infectious Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chelsea F Mariano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuta Ando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Galeano Niño JL, Pageon SV, Tay SS, Colakoglu F, Kempe D, Hywood J, Mazalo JK, Cremasco J, Govendir MA, Dagley LF, Hsu K, Rizzetto S, Zieba J, Rice G, Prior V, O'Neill GM, Williams RJ, Nisbet DR, Kramer B, Webb AI, Luciani F, Read MN, Biro M. Cytotoxic T cells swarm by homotypic chemokine signalling. eLife 2020; 9:56554. [PMID: 33046212 PMCID: PMC7669268 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are thought to arrive at target sites either via random search or following signals by other leukocytes. Here, we reveal independent emergent behaviour in CTL populations attacking tumour masses. Primary murine CTLs coordinate their migration in a process reminiscent of the swarming observed in neutrophils. CTLs engaging cognate targets accelerate the recruitment of distant T cells through long-range homotypic signalling, in part mediated via the diffusion of chemokines CCL3 and CCL4. Newly arriving CTLs augment the chemotactic signal, further accelerating mass recruitment in a positive feedback loop. Activated effector human T cells and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells similarly employ intra-population signalling to drive rapid convergence. Thus, CTLs recognising a cognate target can induce a localised mass response by amplifying the direct recruitment of additional T cells independently of other leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Galeano Niño
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sophie V Pageon
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Szun S Tay
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Feyza Colakoglu
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daryan Kempe
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jack Hywood
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica K Mazalo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Cremasco
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matt A Govendir
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kenneth Hsu
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simone Rizzetto
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jerzy Zieba
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, Australia
| | - Gregory Rice
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Victoria Prior
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Neill
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard J Williams
- Biofab3D, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (iMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Biofab3D, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Advanced Biomaterials Lab, Research School of Engineering, ANU, Canberra, Australia
| | - Belinda Kramer
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark N Read
- School of Computer Science, Westmead Initiative, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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