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Schlienger S, Yam PT, Balekoglu N, Ducuing H, Michaud JF, Makihara S, Kramer DK, Chen B, Fasano A, Berardelli A, Hamdan FF, Rouleau GA, Srour M, Charron F. Genetics of mirror movements identifies a multifunctional complex required for Netrin-1 guidance and lateralization of motor control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5501. [PMID: 37172092 PMCID: PMC10181192 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mirror movements (MM) disorder is characterized by involuntary movements on one side of the body that mirror intentional movements on the opposite side. We performed genetic characterization of a family with autosomal dominant MM and identified ARHGEF7, a RhoGEF, as a candidate MM gene. We found that Arhgef7 and its partner Git1 bind directly to Dcc. Dcc is the receptor for Netrin-1, an axon guidance cue that attracts commissural axons to the midline, promoting the midline crossing of axon tracts. We show that Arhgef7 and Git1 are required for Netrin-1-mediated axon guidance and act as a multifunctional effector complex. Arhgef7/Git1 activates Rac1 and Cdc42 and inhibits Arf1 downstream of Netrin-1. Furthermore, Arhgef7/Git1, via Arf1, mediates the Netrin-1-induced increase in cell surface Dcc. Mice heterozygous for Arhgef7 have defects in commissural axon trajectories and increased symmetrical paw placements during skilled walking, a MM-like phenotype. Thus, we have delineated how ARHGEF7 mutation causes MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schlienger
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Patricia T. Yam
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nursen Balekoglu
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Hugo Ducuing
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Michaud
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Shirin Makihara
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Daniel K. Kramer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fadi F. Hamdan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Frederic Charron
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Moreno MR, Boswell K, Casbolt HL, Bulgakova NA. Multifaceted control of E-cadherin dynamics by Adaptor Protein Complex 1 during epithelial morphogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar80. [PMID: 35609212 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-12-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking regulates the distribution of transmembrane proteins including the key determinants of epithelial polarity and adhesion. The Adaptor Protein 1 (AP-1) complex is the key regulator of vesicle sorting, which binds many specific cargoes. We examined roles of the AP-1 complex in epithelial morphogenesis, using the Drosophila wing as a paradigm. We found that AP-1 knockdown leads to ectopic tissue folding, which is consistent with the observed defects in integrin targeting to the basal cell-extracellular matrix adhesion sites. This occurs concurrently with an integrin-independent induction of cell death, which counteracts elevated proliferation and prevents hyperplasia. We discovered a distinct pool of AP-1 that localizes at the subapical adherens junctions. Upon AP-1 knockdown, E-cadherin is hyperinternalized from these junctions and becomes enriched at the Golgi and recycling endosomes. We then provide evidence that E-cadherin hyperinternalization acts upstream of cell death in a potential tumor-suppressive mechanism. Simultaneously, cells compensate for elevated internalization of E-cadherin by increasing its expression to maintain cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ramírez Moreno
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Katy Boswell
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Helen L Casbolt
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Natalia A Bulgakova
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Lv Z, Zhang N, Zhang X, Großhans J, Kong D. The Lateral Epidermis Actively Counteracts Pulling by the Amnioserosa During Dorsal Closure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:865397. [PMID: 35652100 PMCID: PMC9148979 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.865397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal closure is a prominent morphogenetic process during Drosophila embryogenesis, which involves two epithelial tissues, that is, the squamous amnioserosa and the columnar lateral epidermis. Non-muscle myosin II-driven constriction in the amnioserosa leads to a decrease in the apical surface area and pulls on the adjacent lateral epidermis, which subsequently moves dorsally. The pull by the amnioserosa becomes obvious in an elongation of the epidermal cells, especially of those in the first row. The contribution of the epidermal cell elongation has remained unclear to dorsal closure. Cell elongation may be a mere passive consequence or an active response to the pulling by the amnioserosa. Here, we found that the lateral epidermis actively responds. We analyzed tensions within tissues and cell junctions by laser ablation before and during dorsal closure, the elliptical and dorsal closure stages, respectively. Furthermore, we genetically and optochemically induced chronic and acute cell contraction, respectively. In this way, we found that tension in the epidermis increased during dorsal closure. A correspondingly increased tension was not observed at individual junctions, however. Junctional tension even decreased during dorsal closure in the epidermis. We strikingly observed a strong increase of the microtubule amount in the epidermis, while non-muscle myosin II increased in both tissues. Our data suggest that the epidermis actively antagonizes the pull from the amnioserosa during dorsal closure and the increased microtubules might help the epidermis bear part of the mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Lv
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiaozhu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Deqing Kong
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Deqing Kong,
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Ramírez Moreno M, Bulgakova NA. The Cross-Talk Between EGFR and E-Cadherin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:828673. [PMID: 35127732 PMCID: PMC8811214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.828673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and adhesion protein E-cadherin are major regulators of proliferation and differentiation in epithelial cells. Consistently, defects in both EGFR and E-cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion are linked to various malignancies. These defects in either are further exacerbated by the reciprocal interactions between the two transmembrane proteins. On the one hand, EGFR can destabilize E-cadherin adhesion by increasing E-cadherin endocytosis, modifying its interactions with cytoskeleton and decreasing its expression, thus promoting tumorigenesis. On the other hand, E-cadherin regulates EGFR localization and tunes its activity. As a result, loss and mutations of E-cadherin promote cancer cell invasion due to uncontrolled activation of EGFR, which displays enhanced surface motility and changes in endocytosis. In this minireview, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the cross-talk between E-cadherin and EGFR, highlighting emerging evidence for the role of endocytosis in this feedback, as well as its relevance to tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis and cancer progression.
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Xu W, Alpha KM, Zehrbach NM, Turner CE. Paxillin Promotes Breast Tumor Collective Cell Invasion through Maintenance of Adherens Junction Integrity. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 33:ar14. [PMID: 34851720 PMCID: PMC9236150 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-09-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant organ metastasis is linked to poor prognosis during cancer progression. The expression level of the focal adhesion adapter protein paxillin varies among different human cancers, but its role in tumor progression is unclear. Herein, we utilize a newly generated PyMT mammary tumor mouse model with conditional paxillin ablation in breast tumor epithelial cells, combined with in vitro 3D tumor organoids invasion analysis and 2D calcium switch assays, to assess the roles for paxillin in breast tumor cell invasion. Paxillin had little effect on primary tumor initiation and growth but is critical for the formation of distant lung metastasis. In paxillin-depleted 3D tumor organoids, collective cell invasion was substantially perturbed. Two-dimensional cell culture revealed paxillin-dependent stabilization of adherens junctions (AJ). Mechanistically, paxillin is required for AJ assembly through facilitating E-cadherin endocytosis and recycling and HDAC6-mediated microtubule acetylation. Furthermore, Rho GTPase activity analysis and rescue experiments with a RhoA activator or Rac1 inhibitor suggest paxillin is potentially regulating the E-cadherin-dependent junction integrity and contractility through control of the balance of RhoA and Rac1 activities. Together, these data highlight new roles for paxillin in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and collective tumor cell migration to promote the formation of distance organ metastases. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Kyle M Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Nicholas M Zehrbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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Ramirez Moreno M, Stempor PA, Bulgakova NA. Interactions and Feedbacks in E-Cadherin Transcriptional Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701175. [PMID: 34262912 PMCID: PMC8273600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues rely on the adhesion between participating cells to retain their integrity. The transmembrane protein E-cadherin is the major protein that mediates homophilic adhesion between neighbouring cells and is, therefore, one of the critical components for epithelial integrity. E-cadherin downregulation has been described extensively as a prerequisite for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and is a hallmark in many types of cancer. Due to this clinical importance, research has been mostly focused on understanding the mechanisms leading to transcriptional repression of this adhesion molecule. However, in recent years it has become apparent that re-expression of E-cadherin is a major step in the progression of many cancers during metastasis. Here, we review the currently known molecular mechanisms of E-cadherin transcriptional activation and inhibition and highlight complex interactions between individual mechanisms. We then propose an additional mechanism, whereby the competition between adhesion complexes and heterochromatin protein-1 for binding to STAT92E fine-tunes the levels of E-cadherin expression in Drosophila but also regulates other genes promoting epithelial robustness. We base our hypothesis on both existing literature and our experimental evidence and suggest that such feedback between the cell surface and the nucleus presents a powerful paradigm for epithelial resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ramirez Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | | | - Natalia A Bulgakova
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
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