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Collins Hutchinson ML, St-Onge J, Schlienger S, Boudrahem-Addour N, Mougharbel L, Michaud JF, Lloyd C, Bruneau E, Roux C, Sahly AN, Osterman B, Myers KA, Rouleau GA, Jimenez Cruz DA, Rivière JB, Accogli A, Charron F, Srour M. Defining the Genetic Landscape of Congenital Mirror Movements in 80 Affected Individuals. Mov Disord 2024; 39:400-410. [PMID: 38314870 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital mirror movements (CMM) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by involuntary movements from one side of the body that mirror voluntary movements on the opposite side. To date, five genes have been associated with CMM, namely DCC, RAD51, NTN1, ARHGEF7, and DNAL4. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to characterize the genetic landscape of CMM in a large group of 80 affected individuals. METHODS We screened 80 individuals with CMM from 43 families for pathogenic variants in CMM genes. In large CMM families, we tested for presence of pathogenic variants in multiple affected and unaffected individuals. In addition, we evaluated the impact of three missense DCC variants on binding between DCC and Netrin-1 in vitro. RESULTS Causal pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were found in 35% of probands overall, and 70% with familial CMM. The most common causal gene was DCC, responsible for 28% of CMM probands and 80% of solved cases. RAD51, NTN1, and ARHGEF7 were rare causes of CMM, responsible for 2% each. Penetrance of CMM in DCC pathogenic variant carriers was 68% and higher in males than females (74% vs. 54%). The three tested missense variants (p.Ile164Thr; p.Asn176Ser; and p.Arg1343His) bind Netrin-1 similarly to wild type DCC. CONCLUSIONS A genetic etiology can be identified in one third of CMM individuals, with DCC being the most common gene involved. Two thirds of CMM individuals were unsolved, highlighting that CMM is genetically heterogeneous and other CMM genes are yet to be discovered. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan L Collins Hutchinson
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Judith St-Onge
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Lina Mougharbel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Clara Lloyd
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Bruneau
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cedric Roux
- Bioinformatics Platform, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmed N Sahly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bradley Osterman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Charron
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Schlienger S, Yam PT, Balekoglu N, Ducuing H, Michaud JF, Makihara S, Kramer DK, Chen B, Fasano A, Berardelli A, Hamdan FF, Rouleau GA, Srour M, Charron F. Genetics of mirror movements identifies a multifunctional complex required for Netrin-1 guidance and lateralization of motor control. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd5501. [PMID: 37172092 PMCID: PMC10181192 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mirror movements (MM) disorder is characterized by involuntary movements on one side of the body that mirror intentional movements on the opposite side. We performed genetic characterization of a family with autosomal dominant MM and identified ARHGEF7, a RhoGEF, as a candidate MM gene. We found that Arhgef7 and its partner Git1 bind directly to Dcc. Dcc is the receptor for Netrin-1, an axon guidance cue that attracts commissural axons to the midline, promoting the midline crossing of axon tracts. We show that Arhgef7 and Git1 are required for Netrin-1-mediated axon guidance and act as a multifunctional effector complex. Arhgef7/Git1 activates Rac1 and Cdc42 and inhibits Arf1 downstream of Netrin-1. Furthermore, Arhgef7/Git1, via Arf1, mediates the Netrin-1-induced increase in cell surface Dcc. Mice heterozygous for Arhgef7 have defects in commissural axon trajectories and increased symmetrical paw placements during skilled walking, a MM-like phenotype. Thus, we have delineated how ARHGEF7 mutation causes MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schlienger
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Patricia T. Yam
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nursen Balekoglu
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Hugo Ducuing
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Michaud
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Shirin Makihara
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Daniel K. Kramer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fadi F. Hamdan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Frederic Charron
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Shanmugam P, Iglesias L, Michaud JF, Alquier D, Colin L, Dufour I, Certon D. Broad bandwidth air-coupled micromachined ultrasonic transducers for gas sensing. Ultrasonics 2021; 114:106410. [PMID: 33761341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to develop ultra-wide bandwidth air-coupled capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) for binary gas mixture analysis. The detection principle is based on time-of-flight (ToF) measurements, in order to monitor gas ultrasound velocity variations. To perform such measurements, CMUTs were especially designed to work out of resonance mode, like a microphone. The chosen membrane size is 32 × 32 µm2 and gap height is 250 nm. The resonance frequency and collapse voltage were found at 8 MHz and 58 V respectively. As mentioned, the CMUTs were exploited in quasi-static operating mode, in a very low frequency band, from 1 MHz to 1.5 MHz frequencies. The transducer impulse response was characterised, and a -6 dB relative fractional frequency bandwidth (FBW) higher than 100% was measured, enabling to use CMUT for the targeted application. Additionally, a measuring cell has been designed to hold the fabricated CMUT emitter and receiver prototypes facing each other. The volume inside the cell was kept lower than 3 mL and the surface of emitter/receiver was 1.6 × 8 mm2. To validate the general principle of the proposed technique, two binary gas mixtures of CO2/N2 and H2/N2, with varying concentrations, have been tested. The results are very promising with a measured limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3% for CO2 in N2 and 0.15% for H2 in N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shanmugam
- GREMAN Laboratory UMR-CNRS 7347, University of Tours, 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 7155, 37071 TOURS Cedex 2, France.
| | - L Iglesias
- IMS Laboratory UMR-CNRS 5218, University of Bordeaux, 351 cours de la libération, 33405 TALENCE Cedex, France.
| | - J F Michaud
- GREMAN Laboratory UMR-CNRS 7347, University of Tours, 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 7155, 37071 TOURS Cedex 2, France.
| | - D Alquier
- GREMAN Laboratory UMR-CNRS 7347, University of Tours, 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 7155, 37071 TOURS Cedex 2, France.
| | - L Colin
- GREMAN Laboratory UMR-CNRS 7347, University of Tours, 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 7155, 37071 TOURS Cedex 2, France.
| | - I Dufour
- IMS Laboratory UMR-CNRS 5218, University of Bordeaux, 351 cours de la libération, 33405 TALENCE Cedex, France.
| | - D Certon
- GREMAN Laboratory UMR-CNRS 7347, University of Tours, 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 7155, 37071 TOURS Cedex 2, France.
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Ferent J, Giguère F, Jolicoeur C, Morin S, Michaud JF, Makihara S, Yam PT, Cayouette M, Charron F. Boc Acts via Numb as a Shh-Dependent Endocytic Platform for Ptch1 Internalization and Shh-Mediated Axon Guidance. Neuron 2019; 102:1157-1171.e5. [PMID: 31054872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During development, Shh attracts commissural axons toward the floor plate through a non-canonical, transcription-independent signaling pathway that requires the receptor Boc. Here, we find that Shh induces Boc internalization into early endosomes and that endocytosis is required for Shh-mediated growth-cone turning. Numb, an endocytic adaptor, binds to Boc and is required for Boc internalization, Shh-mediated growth-cone turning in vitro, and commissural axon guidance in vivo. Similar to Boc, Ptch1 is also internalized by Shh in a Numb-dependent manner; however, the binding of Shh to Ptch1 alone is not sufficient to induce Ptch1 internalization nor growth-cone turning. Therefore, the binding of Shh to Boc is required for Ptch1 internalization and growth-cone turning. Our data support a model where Boc endocytosis via Numb is required for Ptch1 internalization and Shh signaling in axon guidance. Thus, Boc acts as a Shh-dependent endocytic platform gating Ptch1 internalization and Shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ferent
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fanny Giguère
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Christine Jolicoeur
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Steves Morin
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Michaud
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Shirin Makihara
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Patricia T Yam
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Michel Cayouette
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frederic Charron
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
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Gautier G, Cayrel F, Capelle M, Billoué J, Song X, Michaud JF. Room light anodic etching of highly doped n-type 4 H-SiC in high-concentration HF electrolytes: Difference between C and Si crystalline faces. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:367. [PMID: 22892360 PMCID: PMC3519798 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the electrochemical anodization of n-type heavily doped 4 H-SiC wafers in a HF-based electrolyte without any UV light assistance. We present, in particular, the differences observed between the etching of Si and C faces. In the case of the Si face, the resulting material is mesoporous (diameters in the range of 5 to 50 nm) with an increase of the 'chevron shaped' pore density with depth. In the case of the C face, a columnar morphology is observed, and the etch rate is twice greater than for the one for the Si face. We've also observed the evolution of the potential for a fixed applied current density. Finally, some wafer defects induced by polishing are clearly revealed at the sample surfaces even for very short etching times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael Gautier
- GREMAN, UMR CNRS 7347, Université de Tours, 16 rue P. et M. Curie, Tours Cedex 2, 37071, France
| | - Frederic Cayrel
- GREMAN, UMR CNRS 7347, Université de Tours, 16 rue P. et M. Curie, Tours Cedex 2, 37071, France
| | - Marie Capelle
- GREMAN, UMR CNRS 7347, Université de Tours, 16 rue P. et M. Curie, Tours Cedex 2, 37071, France
| | - Jérome Billoué
- GREMAN, UMR CNRS 7347, Université de Tours, 16 rue P. et M. Curie, Tours Cedex 2, 37071, France
| | - Xi Song
- GREMAN, UMR CNRS 7347, Université de Tours, 16 rue P. et M. Curie, Tours Cedex 2, 37071, France
| | - Jean-Francois Michaud
- GREMAN, UMR CNRS 7347, Université de Tours, 16 rue P. et M. Curie, Tours Cedex 2, 37071, France
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