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Lipid Polarization during Cytokinesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243977. [PMID: 36552741 PMCID: PMC9776629 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is composed of a large number of lipid species that are laterally segregated into functional domains as well as asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. Additionally, the spatial distribution and organization of these lipids dramatically change in response to various cellular states, such as cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Division of one cell into two daughter cells is one of the most fundamental requirements for the sustenance of growth in all living organisms. The successful completion of cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division, is critically dependent on the spatial distribution and organization of specific lipids. In this review, we discuss the properties of various lipid species associated with cytokinesis and the mechanisms involved in their polarization, including forward trafficking, endocytic recycling, local synthesis, and cortical flow models. The differences in lipid species requirements and distribution in mitotic vs. male meiotic cells will be discussed. We will concentrate on sphingolipids and phosphatidylinositols because their transbilayer organization and movement may be linked via the cytoskeleton and thus critically regulate various steps of cytokinesis.
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Wei W, Zheng B, Zheng S, Wu D, Chu Y, Zhang S, Wang D, Ma X, Liu X, Yao X, Fu C. The Cdc42 GAP Rga6 promotes monopolar outgrowth of spores. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 222:213678. [PMID: 36355349 PMCID: PMC9652770 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202202064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of the monopolar growth of fission yeast spores have been less characterized. Here, we report that the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Rga6 is required for promoting monopolar growth during spore germination. The absence of Rga6 increases the number of spores that grow in a bipolar fashion. Rga6 decorates the non-growing cortical region, binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and colocalizes with the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-binding protein Opy1. Overexpression of Opy1 diminishes the cortical localization of Rga6. The characteristic localization of Rga6 on the cell cortex depends on the C-terminal PBR region of Rga6. Moreover, engineered chimera composed of the Rga6 C-terminal PBR region fused to the GAP domain of Rga3 or Rga4 are sufficient to rescue the spore growth phenotype caused by the absence of Rga6. Hence, our work establishes a paradigm in which the lipid composition of the plasma membrane directs polarized cell growth by specifying the cortical localization of a GAP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfan Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Biyu Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shengnan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongkang Chu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shenghao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,Xuebiao Yao:
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,Correspondence to Chuanhai Fu:
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First person – Chloe Snider. J Cell Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Chloe Snider is first author on ‘Fission yeast Opy1 is an endogenous PI(4,5)P2 sensor that binds to the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase Its3’, published in JCS. Chloe is a PhD student in the lab of Kathleen Gould at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, investigating how the cytokinetic ring is anchored to the plasma membrane during cell division.
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