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Chen L, Zeng Z, Luo H, Xiao H, Zeng Y. The effects of CypA on apoptosis: potential target for the treatment of diseases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:28. [PMID: 38159118 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA), the first member of cyclophilins, is distributed extensively in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, primarily localized in the cytoplasm. In addition to acting as an intracellular receptor for cyclosporin A (CSA), CypA plays a crucial role in diseases such as aging and tumorigenesis. Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is able to balance the rate of cell viability and death. In this review, we focus on the effects of CypA on apoptosis and the relationship between specific mechanisms of CypA promoting or inhibiting apoptosis and diseases, including tumorigenesis, cardiovascular diseases, organ injury, and microbial infections. Notably, the process of CypA promoting or inhibiting apoptosis is closely related to disease development. Finally, future prospects for the association of CypA and apoptosis are discussed, and a comprehensive understanding of the effects of CypA on apoptosis in relation to diseases is expected to provide new insights into the design of CypA as a therapeutic target for diseases. KEY POINTS: • Understand the effect of CypA on apoptosis. • CypA affects apoptosis through specific pathways. • The effect of CypA on apoptosis is associated with a variety of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodang Luo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Zeng X, Han Z, Chen K, Zeng P, Tang Y, Li L. Single-Cell Analyses Reveal Necroptosis's Potential Role in Neuron Degeneration and Show Enhanced Neuron-Immune Cell Interaction in Parkinson's Disease Progression. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 2023:5057778. [PMID: 38149092 PMCID: PMC10751163 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5057778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neuron degenerative disease among the old, characterized by uncontrollable movements and an impaired posture. Although widely investigated on its pathology and treatment, the disease remains incompletely understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been applied to the area of PD, providing valuable data for related research. However, few works have taken deeper insights into the causes of neuron death and cell-cell interaction between the cell types in the brain. Our bioinformatics analyses revealed necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) enrichment in neuron degeneration and selecting the cells by NRGs levels showed two subtypes within the main degenerative cell types in the midbrain. NRG-low subtype was largely replaced by NRG-high subtype in the patients, indicating the striking change of cell state related to necroptosis in PD progression. Moreover, we carried out cell-cell interaction analyses between cell types and found that microglia (MG)'s interaction strength with glutamatergic neuron (GLU), GABAergic neuron (GABA), and dopaminergic neuron (DA) was significantly upregulated in PD. Also, MG show much stronger interaction with NRG-high subtypes and a stronger cell killing function in PD samples. Additionally, we identified CLDN11 as a novel interaction pattern specific to necroptosis neurons and MG. We also found LEF1 and TCF4 as key transcriptional regulators in neuron degeneration. These findings suggest that MG were significantly overactivated in PD patients to clear abnormal neurons, especially the NRG-high cells, explaining the neuron inflammation in PD. Our analyses provide insights into the causes of neuron death and inflammation in PD from single-cell resolution, which could be seriously considered in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zeng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifen Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Kehan Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yidan Tang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liu J, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Ge Y. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of tumorigenic role of PPIA in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19116. [PMID: 37926757 PMCID: PMC10625987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence rate and mortality. Due to the lack of effective diagnostic indicators, most patients are diagnosed in late stage and have a poor prognosis. An increasing number of studies have proved that Peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) can play an oncogene role in various cancer types. However, the precise mechanism of PPIA in GC is still unclear. Herein, we analyzed the mRNA levels of PPIA in pan-cancer. The prognostic value of PPIA on GC was also evaluated using multiple databases. Additionally, the relationship between PPIA expression and clinical factors in GC was also examined. We further confirmed that PPIA expression was not affected by genetic alteration and DNA methylation. Moreover, the upstream regulator miRNA and lncRNA of PPIA were identified, which suggested that LINC10232/miRNA-204-5p/PPIA axis might act as a potential biological pathway in GC. Finally, this study revealed that PPIA was negatively correlated with immune checkpoint expression, immune cell biomarkers, and immune cell infiltration in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yanhui Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
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Lee S, Kang E, Lee U, Cho S. Role of pelitinib in the regulation of migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibition of Twist1. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:703. [PMID: 37495969 PMCID: PMC10373356 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of Twist1, one of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-transcription factors (EMT-TFs), is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. Pelitinib is known to be an irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used in clinical trials for colorectal and lung cancers, but the role of pelitinib in cancer metastasis has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the anti-migration and anti-invasion activities of pelitinib in HCC cell lines. METHODS Using three HCC cell lines (Huh7, Hep3B, and SNU449 cells), the effects of pelitinib on cell cytotoxicity, invasion, and migration were determined by cell viability, wound healing, transwell invasion, and spheroid invasion assays. The activities of MMP-2 and -9 were examined through gelatin zymography. Through immunoblotting analyses, the expression levels of EMT-TFs (Snail1, Twist1, and ZEB1) and EMT-related signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt signaling pathways were measured. The activity and expression levels of target genes were analyzed by reporter assay, RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunoblotting analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's Multiple comparison tests in Prism 3.0 to assess differences between experimental conditions. RESULTS In this study, pelitinib treatment significantly inhibited wound closure in various HCC cell lines, including Huh7, Hep3B, and SNU449. Additionally, pelitinib was found to inhibit multicellular cancer spheroid invasion and metalloprotease activities in Huh7 cells. Further investigation revealed that pelitinib treatment inhibited the migration and invasion of Huh7 cells by inducing Twist1 degradation through the inhibition of MAPK and Akt signaling pathways. We also confirmed that the inhibition of cell motility by Twist1 siRNA was similar to that observed in pelitinib-treated group. Furthermore, pelitinib treatment regulated the expression of target genes associated with EMT, as demonstrated by the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin. CONCLUSION Based on our novel finding of pelitinib from the perspective of EMT, pelitinib has the ability to inhibit EMT activity of HCC cells via inhibition of Twist1, and this may be the potential mechanism of pelitinib on the suppression of migration and invasion of HCC cells. Therefore, pelitinib could be developed as a potential anti-cancer drug for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewoong Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Unju Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayeon Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Y, Dai G, Lin Z, Cheng C, Zhou X, Song M, Chen P, Ma S, Hu Y, Liu G, Yu B. TWIST1 rescue calcium overload and apoptosis induced by inflammatory microenvironment in S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110153. [PMID: 37071966 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective therapy for Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis. It is widely recognized that the inflammatory microenvironment around abscess plays an essential role in protracting the course of S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis. In this study, we found TWIST1 was highly expressed in macrophages around abscesses but less related to local S. aureus in the later stages of Staphylococcus aureus-infected osteomyelitis. Mouse bone marrow macrophages show apoptosis and elevated TWIST1 expression when treated with the inflammatory medium. Knockdown of TWIST1 induced macrophage apoptosis, impaired the bacteria phagocytosis/killing abilities, and promoted cell apoptosis markers expression in inflammatory microenvironment stimulation. Furthermore, inflammatory microenvironments were responsible for inducing calcium overload in macrophage mitochondrial while calcium overload inhibition significantly rescued macrophage apoptosis, bacteria phagocytosis/killing abilities and improved the mice's antimicrobial ability. Our findings indicated that TWIST1 is a crucial molecule that protects macrophages from calcium overload induced by inflammatory microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guandong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuyou Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrui Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan, Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Sushuang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lin X, Chen J, Tao C, Luo L, He J, Wang Q. Osthole regulates N6-methyladenosine-modified TGM2 to inhibit the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and associated interstitial lung disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e219. [PMID: 36845072 PMCID: PMC9945862 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease, and RA interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a severe complication of RA. This investigation aims to determine the effect and underlying mechanism of osthole (OS), which could be extracted from Cnidium, Angelica, and Citrus plants and evaluate the role of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in RA and RA-ILD. In this work, OS downregulated TGM2 to exert its additive effect with methotrexate and suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) by attenuating NF-κB signaling, resulting in the suppression of RA progression. Interestingly, WTAP-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of TGM2 and Myc-mediated WTAP transcription cooperatively contributed to the formation of a TGM2/Myc/WTAP-positive feedback loop through upregulating NF-κB signaling. Moreover, OS could downregulate the activation of the TGM2/Myc/WTAP-positive feedback circuit. Furthermore, OS restrained the proliferation and polarization of M2 macrophages to inhibit the aggregation of lung interstitial CD11b+ macrophages, and the effectiveness and non-toxicity of OS in suppressing RA and RA-ILD progression were verified in vivo. Finally, bioinformatics analyses validated the importance and the clinical significance of the OS-regulated molecular network. Taken together, our work emphasized OS as an effective drug candidate and TGM2 as a promising target for RA and RA-ILD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Lin
- Department of Rheumatism and ImmunologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina,Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory DiseasesShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology DiseasesShenzhenChina
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and ImmunologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina,Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory DiseasesShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology DiseasesShenzhenChina
| | - Cheng Tao
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanChina
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research InstituteGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong ZhanjiangZhanjiangChina
| | - Juan He
- Department of Rheumatism and ImmunologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina,Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory DiseasesShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology DiseasesShenzhenChina
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and ImmunologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina,Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory DiseasesShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology DiseasesShenzhenChina
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The role of cyclophilins in viral infec and the immune response. J Infect 2022; 85:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sun K, Hong JJ, Chen DM, Luo ZX, Li JZ. Identification and validation of necroptosis-related prognostic gene signature and tumor immune microenvironment infiltration characterization in esophageal carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:344. [PMID: 35840882 PMCID: PMC9284853 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is a common malignancy with a poor prognosis. Previous research has suggested that necroptosis is involved in anti-tumor immunity and promotes oncogenesis and cancer metastasis, which in turn affects tumor prognosis. However, the role of necroptosis in ESCA is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) and ESCA. Methods and results The clinical data and gene expression profiles of ESCA patients were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and 159 NRGs were screened from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. We then identified 52 differentially expressed NRGs associated with ESCA and used them for further analysis. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG functional enrichment analyses showed that these NRGs were mostly associated with the regulation of necroptosis, Influenza A, apoptosis, NOD-like receptor, and NF-Kappa B signaling pathway. Next, univariate and multivariate Cox regression and LASSO analysis were used to identify the correlation between NRGs and the prognosis of ESCA. We constructed a prognostic model to predict the prognosis of ESCA based on SLC25A5, PPIA, and TNFRSF10B; the model classified patients into high- and low-risk subgroups based on the patient’s risk score. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the model was affirmed to perform moderately well for prognostic predictions. In addition, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were selected to validate the applicability and prognostic value of our predictive model. Based on different clinical variables, we compared the risk scores between the subgroups of different clinical features. We also analyzed the predictive value of this model for drug sensitivity. Moreover, Immunohistochemical (IHC) validation experiments explored that these three NRGs were expressed significantly higher in ESCA tissues than in adjacent non-tumor tissues. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between the three NRGs and immune-cell infiltration and immune checkpoints in ESCA. Conclusions In summary, we successfully constructed and validated a novel necroptosis-related signature containing three genes (SLC25A5, PPIA, and TNFRSF10B) for predicting prognosis in patients with ESCA; these three genes might also play a crucial role in the progression and immune microenvironment of ESCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02423-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Juan-Juan Hong
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dong-Mei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541010, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhan-Xiong Luo
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Jing-Zhang Li
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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